Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Membrane-based separation'
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Henderson, J. S. "Combined microfiltration and membrane-based affinity separation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325959.
Full textBanchik, Leonardo David. "Advances in membrane-based oil/water separation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108950.
Full textCataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 117-124).
Oil is a widespread pollutant from oil spills to industrial oily wastewater in the oil and gas, metalworking, textile and paper, food processing, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. A wastewater of particular concern is produced water, an oily waste stream from hydrocarbon extraction activities. Worldwide, over 2.4 billion US gallons of produced water is generated every day. Membrane technologies have emerged as the preferred method for treating these wastewaters; this has allowed operators to reclaim and reuse fresh water for potable, industrial, and agricultural use and to meet waste discharge regulations. Yet, despite their technological predominance, membranes can become severely fouled and irreversibly damaged when bulk and small stabilized oil droplets, emulsions, are present in intake streams. In this thesis, we seek to mitigate these deleterious effects through several means. First we seek to better understand fouling by oil-in-water emulsions on conventional polymeric ultrafiltration membranes. We investigate the decrease in water production over time using model and actual produced water samples with varying solution zeta potentials and make meaningful recommendations to operators based on our observations. Next, we develop a robust multifunctional membrane which can in one step degrade organic pollutants and separate bulk and surfactant-stabilized oil/water mixtures while achieving high fluxes, high oil rejection, and high degradation efficiencies. Finally, we investigate the potential of novel in-air hydrophilic/oleophobic microfiltration and reverse osmosis membranes for their anti-oil fouling performance relative to conventional hydrophilic/oleophilic membranes. Contrary to claims in literature of superior performance, we find that in-air oleophobicity does not aid in underwater anti-fouling due to surface reconstruction of mobile perfluoroalkyl chains in the presence of water. Based on these observations, we discuss opportunities for future research on oil anti-fouling membranes using fluorinated moieties.
by Leonardo David Banchik.
Ph. D.
Zhou, Yi. "Membrane-Based Gas Separation For Carbon Capture." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595254659184073.
Full textLin, Han. "GRAPHENE OXIDE-BASED MEMBRANE FOR LIQUID AND GAS SEPARATION." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1595260029225206.
Full textBissett, Hertzog. "Membrane based separation of nitrogen, tetrafluoromethane and hexafluoropropylene / Bissett, H." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6999.
Full textThesis (Ph.D. (Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
Williams, Rhodri John. "Methanoanthracene-based polymers of intrinsic microporosity for membrane applications." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28924.
Full textMasciola, David A. "Development of a membrane resistance based modeling framework for comparison of ultrafiltration processes." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1651.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xxxvi, 252 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 249-252).
Lin, Zhihao. "Second order fiber optic chemical sensors based upon membrane separation and spectroscopic detection /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11588.
Full textWang, Qiang. "Development and Characterization of Ethanol-Compatibilized PPO-Based EPMM Membranes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20170.
Full textNæss, Live Nova. "Pd-based Membranes for Hydrogen Separation - Membrane Structure and Hydrogen Sorption and Permeation Behavior." Thesis, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskaplige Universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20867.
Full textEscorihuela, Roca Sara. "Novel gas-separation membranes for intensified catalytic reactors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/121139.
Full text[CAT] La present tesi doctoral es centra en el desenvolupament de noves membranes de separació de gasos, així com el seu ús in-situ en reactors catalítics de membrana per a la intensificació de processos. Per a aquest propòsit, s'han sintetitzat diversos materials, com a polímers per a la fabricació de membranes, catalitzadors tant per a la metanació del CO2 com per a la reacció de síntesi de Fischer-Tropsch, i diverses partícules inorgàniques nanomètriques per al seu ús en membranes de matriu mixta. Referent a la fabricació de les membranes, la tesi aborda principalment dos tipus: orgàniques i inorgàniques. Respecte a les membranes orgàniques, diferents materials polimèrics s'ha considerat com a candidats prometedors, tant per a la capa selectiva de la membrana, així com com a suport d'aquesta. S'ha treballat amb poliimides, ja que són materials amb temperatures de transició vítria molt alta, per al seu posterior ús en reaccions industrials que tenen lloc entre 250-300 °C. Per a aconseguir membranes molt permeables, mantenint una bona selectivitat, és necessari obtindre capes selectives de menys d'una micra. Emprant com a material de suport altre tipus de polímer, no és necessari estudiar la compatibilitat entre ells, sent menys complexa l'obtenció de capes fines. En canvi, si el suport és de tipus inorgànic, un exhaustiu estudi de la relació entre la concentració i la viscositat de la solució polimèrica és altament necessari. Diverses partícules inorgàniques nanomètriques es van estudiar per a afavorir la permeació d'aigua a través dels materials polimèrics. En segon lloc, quant a membranes inorgàniques, es va realitzar la funcionalització d'una membrana de pal¿ladi per a afavorir la permeació d'hidrogen i evitar la contaminació per monòxid de carboni. El motiu pel qual es va dopar amb un altre metall la capa selectiva de la membrana metàl¿lica va ser per a poder emprar-la en un reactor de Fischer-Tropsch. En relació amb el disseny i fabricació dels reactors, durant aquesta tesi, es va desenvolupar el prototip d'un microreactor per a la metanació de CO2, on una membrana polimèrica de capa fina selectiva a l'aigua es va integrar per a així evitar la desactivació del catalitzador i al seu torn desplaçar l'equilibri i augmentar la conversió de CO2. D'altra banda, un reactor de Fischer-Tropsch va ser redissenyat per a poder introduir una membrana metàl¿lica selectiva a l'hidrogen i poder injectar-lo de manera controlada. D'aquesta manera, i seguint estudis previs, el objectiu va ser millorar la selectivitat als productes desitjats mitjançant el hidrocraqueix i la hidroisomerització d'olefines i parafines amb l'ajuda de l'alta pressió parcial d'hidrogen.
[EN] The present thesis is focused on the development of new gas-separation membranes, as well as their in-situ integration on catalytic membrane reactors for process intensification. For this purpose, several materials have been synthesized such as polymers for membrane manufacture, catalysts for CO2 methanation and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, and inorganic materials in form of nanometer-sized particles for their use in mixed matrix membranes. Regarding membranes manufacture, this thesis deals mainly with two types: organic and inorganic. With regards to the organic membranes, different polymeric materials have been considered as promising candidates, both for the selective layer of the membrane, as well as a support thereof. Polyimides have been selected since they are materials with very high glass transition temperatures, in order to be used in industrial reactions which take place at temperatures around 250-300 ºC. To obtain highly permeable membranes, while maintaining a good selectivity, it is necessary to develop selective layers of less than one micron. Using another type of polymer as support material, it is not necessary to study the compatibility between membrane and support. On the other hand, if the support is inorganic, an exhaustive study of the relation between the concentration and the viscosity of the polymer solution is highly necessary. In addition, various inorganic particles were studied to favor the permeation of water through polymeric materials. Secondly, as regards to inorganic membranes, the functionalization of a palladium membrane to favor the permeation of hydrogen and avoid carbon monoxide contamination was carried out. The membrane selective layer was doped with another metal in order to be used in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor. Regarding the design and manufacture of the reactors used during this thesis, a prototype of a microreactor for CO2 methanation was carried out, where a thin-film polymer membrane selective to water was integrated to avoid the deactivation of the catalyst and to displace the equilibrium and increase the CO2 conversion. On the other hand, a Fischer-Tropsch reactor was redesigned to introduce a hydrogen-selective metal membrane and to be able to inject it in a controlled manner. In this way, and following previous studies, the aim is to enhance the selectivity to the target products by hydrocracking and hydroisomerization the olefins and paraffins assisted by the presence of an elevated partial pressure of hydrogen.
I would like to acknowledge the Spanish Government, for funding my research with the Severo Ochoa scholarship.
Escorihuela Roca, S. (2019). Novel gas-separation membranes for intensified catalytic reactors [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/121139
TESIS
Xue, Jian [Verfasser]. "Investigation of membrane reactors based on dense mixed-conducting ceramics for separation and catalysis process / Jian Xue." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1127247492/34.
Full textUngerer, Maria Johanna. "Separation of tantalum and niobium by solvent extraction / M.J. Ungerer." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9850.
Full textThesis (MSc (Chemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
Ma, Rui. "Development and experimental validation of a CFD model for Pd-based membrane technology in H2 separation and process intensification." Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/544.
Full textYoo, Suk Joon. "Organic-inorganic nanocomposite membranes from highly ordered mesoporous thin films for solubility-based separations." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1070.
Full textShehu, Habiba. "Innovative hydrocarbons recovery and utilization technology using reactor-separation membranes for off-gases emission during crude oil shuttle tanker transportation and natural gas processing." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/3129.
Full textAspelund, Matthew Thomas. "Membrane-based separations for solid/liquid clarification and protein purification." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2010. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3403071.
Full textBissadi, Golnaz. "The Effect of Surfactant and Compatibilizer on Inorganic Loading and Properties of PPO-based EPMM Membranes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23565.
Full textSen, Deger. "Polycarbonate Based Zeolite 4a Filled Mixed Matrix Membranes: Preparation, Characterization And Gas Separation Performances." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609348/index.pdf.
Full textLi, Pei. "Synthesis of Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Based Polyimides for Gas Separations." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1270655120.
Full textLandaverde, Alvarado Carlos Jose. "Sorption, Transport and Gas Separation Properties of Zn-Based Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and their Application in CO₂ Capture." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73214.
Full textPh. D.
Karatay, Elif. "Effect Of Preparation And Operation Parameters On Performance Of Polyethersulfone Based Mixed Matrix Gas Separation Membranes." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610831/index.pdf.
Full textilar August 2009, 126 pages Membrane processes have been considered as promising alternatives to other competing technologies in gas separation industry. Developing new membrane morphologies are required to improve the gas permeation properties of the membranes. Mixed matrix membranes composing of polymer matrices and distributed inorganic/organic particles are among the promising, developing membrane materials. In this study, the effect of low molecular weight additive (LMWA) type and concentration on the gas separation performance of neat polyethersulfone (PES) membranes and zeolite SAPO-34 containing PES based mixed matrix membranes was investigated. Membranes were prepared by solvent evaporation method and annealed above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PES in order to remove the residual solvent and erase the thermal history. They were characterized by single gas permeability measurements of H2, CO2, and CH4 as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Various LMWAs were added to the neat PES membrane at a concentration of 4 wt %. Regardless of the type, all of the LMWAs had an anti-plasticization effect on PES gas permeation properties. 2-Hydroxy 5-Methyl Aniline, HMA, was selected among the other LMWAs for parametric study on the concentration effect of this additive. The incorporation of SAPO-34 to PES membranes increased the permeabilities of all gases with a slight loss in selectivities. However, the addition of HMA to PES/SAPO-34 membranes increased the ideal selectivities well above the ideal selectivities of PES/HMA membranes, while keeping the permeabilities of all the gases above the permeabilities of both pure PES and PES/HMA membranes.
Tarun, Cynthia. "Techno-Economic Study of CO2 Capture from Natural Gas Based Hydrogen Plants." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2837.
Full textIn the current H2 plants, CO2 emissions originate from two sources, the combustion flue gases from the steam reformer furnace and the off-gas from the process (steam reforming and water-gas shift) reactions. The objective of this study is to develop a process that captures CO2 at minimum energy penalty in typical H2 plants.
The approach is to look at the best operating conditions when considering the H2 and steam production, CO2 production and external fuel requirements. The simulation in this study incorporates the kinetics of the steam methane reforming (SMR) and the water gas shift (WGS) reactions. It also includes the integration of CO2 capture technologies to typical H2 plants using pressure swing adsorption (PSA) to purify the H2 product. These typical H2 plants are the world standard of producing H2 and are then considered as the base case for this study. The base case is modified to account for the implementation of CO2 capture technologies. Two capture schemes are tested in this study. The first process scheme is the integration of a monoethanolamine (MEA) CO2 scrubbing process. The other scheme is the introduction of a cardo polyimide hollow fibre membrane capture process. Both schemes are designed to capture 80% of the CO2 from the H2 process at a purity of 98%.
The simulation results show that the H2 plant with the integration of CO2 capture has to be operated at the lowest steam to carbon (S/C) ratio, highest inlet temperature of the SMR and lowest inlet temperatures for the WGS converters to attain lowest energy penalty. H2 plant with membrane separation technology requires higher electricity requirement. However, it produces better quality of steam than the H2 plant with MEA-CO2 capture process which is used to supply the electricity requirement of the process. Fuel (highvale coal) is burned to supply the additional electricity requirement. The membrane based H2 plant requires higher additional electricity requirement for most of the operating conditions tested. However, it requires comparable energy penalty than the H2 plant with MEA-CO2 capture process when operated at the lowest energy operating conditions at 80% CO2 recovery.
This thesis also investigates the sensitivity of the energy penalty as function of the percent CO2 recovery. The break-even point is determined at a certain amount of CO2 recovery where the amount of energy produced is equal to the amount of energy required. This point, where no additional energy is required, is approximately 73% CO2 recovery for the MEA based capture plant and 57% CO2 recovery for the membrane based capture plant.
The amount of CO2 emissions at various CO2 recoveries using the best operating conditions is also presented. The results show that MEA plant has comparable CO2 emissions to that of the membrane plant at 80% CO2 recovery. MEA plant is more attractive than membrane plant at lower CO2 recoveries.
White, Jeremy Clayton. "Sensing, Separations and Artificial Photosynthetic Assemblies Based on the Architechture of Zeolite Y and Zeolite L." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1237641440.
Full textWu, Hong. "Sulfate radical based ceramic catalytic membranes for water treatments." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2382.
Full textZhang, Wenrui. "Synthesis and Characterization of Toughened Thermally Rearranged Polymers, Poly(2,6-Dimethylphenylene-oxide) Based Copolymers and Polymer Blends for Gas Separation Membranes." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86363.
Full textPh. D.
Zhang, Chengda. "SYNTHESES OF PEG/ALKYL-BASED IMIDAZOLIUM/PYRIDINIUM IONIC LIQUIDS AND APPLICATIONS ON H2S ABSORPTION& SYNTHESES OF POLYSULFONE BASED FUNCTIONALIZED IMIDAZOLIUM IONIC POLYMERS AND APPLICATIONS ON GAS SEPARATION." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1797.
Full textCakal, Ulgen. "Natural Gas Purification By Zeolite Filled Polyethersulfone Based Mixed Matrix Membranes." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611206/index.pdf.
Full textC, with a feed pressure of 3 bar. Moreover, the membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The separation selectivities of all types of membranes generally observed to be independent of feed composition. The composition independency of these membranes eliminates the need of investigating at which feed gas composition the prepared membranes are best performing for practical applications. PES/SAPO-34/HMA MMMs with HMA loading of 10% and SAPO-34 loading of 20% demonstrated the highest separation selectivity of about 40, and the ideal selectivity of 44, among the used membranes.
Gonciaruk, Aleksandra. "Graphene and triptycene based porous materials for adsorption applications." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/graphene-and-triptycene-based-porous-materials-for-adsorption-applications(932755b9-1600-4f64-8683-00844645a58b).html.
Full textLin, Chien-Cheng, and 林建程. "Fabrication of Palladium-based Alloy Membrane and Cermet Membrane for Hydrogen Separation." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36955360646747466363.
Full text國立交通大學
材料科學與工程學系所
101
We fabricate a Pd-based alloy membrane on a porous alumina tube via a sequential electroless deposition technique. The membrane enables the separation of hydrogen from a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at elevated temperature. A buffer layer is adopted to reduce the surface roughness. The calcination temperature causes the alumina to form different phases, among which the γ-Al2O3 is suitable for the electroless deposition process. During the electroless deposition process, all the metals except copper are homogeneously formed. The permeability of H2 and the selectivity of H2/CO2 are very low because of the intrinsic leakage. We also fabricate a cermet composite membrane composed of a hydrogen transporting metal (Pd) and a proton-conducting ceramic (BaCe0.4Zr0.4Gd0.1Dy0.1O3-x, BCZGD). The BCZGD proton-conducting perovskite powders are synthesized via a combustion method. The Pd-BCZGD cermet membrane is then fabricated by pressing a mixture of the Pd and BCZGD powders at equal volume, followed by sintering at 1450°C for 15 h in air. The properties of the Pd-BCZGD membrane are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The element map on the membrane surface and cross-section demonstrate that the Pd is uniformly-distributed in the perovskite phase. The XRD indicates characteristic peaks to metallic Pd and BCZGD perovskite phases. TGA confirms that the cermet membrane is chemically stable against CO2. Lastly, the flux from a gas chromatography (GC) are determined as a function of temperature and under different feed gas hydrogen pressures. The leakage rate of He through the cermet membrane is only 0.01 mol% so the separation ratio of H2 and CO2 is large.
Alhazmi, Abdulrahman. "Tröger’s Base Ladder Polymer for Membrane-Based Hydrocarbon Separation." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/623653.
Full textDamle, Shilpa C. "Membrane based separations of carbon dioxide and phenol under supercritical conditions." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1912.
Full textYuan, Shao Hsuan, and 袁紹軒. "Core-Shell Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Based Mixed Matrix Membrane for Gas Separation." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7s6h2p.
Full text國立中央大學
化學工程與材料工程學系
107
Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) is a promising material in membrane technology for gas separation. In our work, ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 were synthesized in the form of core-shell structure (ZIF-67@ZIF-8) by the seed mediated growth method. ZIF-67@ZIF-8 nanocrystals present higher surface area, gas uptake and thermal stability in comparison with the core (ZIF-67). ZIF fillers were added into 6FDA-DAM with the proper solvent to fabricate mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). In order to realize the mechanism of the core-shell structure, the preparation of membrane plays an important role to obtain defect-free nanocomposite by the colloidal solution, priming method and annealing treatment. The well-dispersed core-shell ZIFs nanocomposites provide more microporous pathways for gas separation. The result of MMMs demonstrates a remarkable hydrogen permeability and the slight enhancement of selectivities against N2 and CH4. The highest performance of ZIF-67@ZIF-8 MMM surpasses the 2008 Robeson’s upper bound for H2/CH4. This effect of core-shell structure can be observed in glassy as well as rubbery polymer.
Wang, Shunyu. "A study of a novel membrane-based liquid-gas contactor /." 2005.
Find full textChih-Lung, Chen, and 陳志隆. "The Pore Structure and the Separation Properties of Silicon-Carbon Based Inorganic Membrane." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34578132918467293475.
Full text(5930732), Xiaoli Liu. "Performance analysis for a membrane-based liquid desiccant air dehumidifier: experiment and modeling." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textDamle, Shilpa C. Johnston Keith P. Koros William J. "Membrane based separations of carbon dioxide and phenol under supercritical conditions." 2004. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1912/damlesc042.pdf.
Full textLi, Meng-Han, and 李孟翰. "Electroless Deposition of Palladium-based Alloy Membrane on an Alumina Support for Hydrogen Separation." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58281581332870732235.
Full text國立交通大學
材料科學與工程學系
100
In this work, we attempt to fabricate a Pd-based alloy membrane on an alumina support via a sequential electroless deposition technique. The membrane enables the separation of hydrogen from a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at elevated temperature. We use commercial ceramic paste as a sealing material in which the debindering and sintering temperatures are identified as 600 and 1150 degree Celsius, respectively. From GC results, after proper sealing we attain desirable air tightness at 600 degree Celsius. The electroless deposition is conducted on a flat alumina disk initially in order to determine suitable processing parameters for targeted alloy composition. Materials characterization such as phase, composition, and morphology are carried out. The PdAg and PdAgCu membranes show homogenous single phase, and the surface maintains nicely after annealing at 600 degree Celsius. However, the PdAgCuNi membrane behaves differently because of phase separation between Cu and Ni. The roughness is found to increase in PdAgCu and PdAgCuNi as the deposition progresses, a fact that is attributed to the homogenous nucleation of Cu during electroless plating. The expected ratio for Pd-based alloy membrane can be controlled and estimated after careful weight determination. In addition, we successfully prepare PdAgCuNi alloy membrane on a porous alumina tube after proper sealing and the hydrogen permeation test will be performed shortly.
Yung-Liang, Lai, and 賴勇良. "Removal of Toxic Dissolved Organics from Aqueous Streams Using Surfactant-Based Membrane Separation System." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03103228499051560957.
Full text國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系
88
Industrial wastewater often contains high toxic organic compounds. Waste Streams containing high concentration of those organic compounds may be harmful to the environment. Traditional treatment methods used to separate soluble organics from aqueous streams require phase change which results in high energy requirement. Those methods including ion complexation, adsorption, ion exchange, or chemical oxidation are usually followed by some combination of filtration, extraction, or distillation. Those methods have many disadvantages and cost much money. Therefore, economic purification may becomes a requirement in the future development of many industrial process. Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF)is becoming increasingly important for industrial application. This technology generally requires less energy than traditional methods, and has the advantage to utilize the surfactants that are innocuous and low toxicity. The objective of this study concentrates on two experimential sections. The first study is focus on the feasibility of efficient surfactant/organics molar ratio (S/O ratio) and membrane sizes to separate of organic solutes(phenol and o-cresol)from an aqueous stream using cationic surfactant(CPC).The second study is to investigate the adsorption mechanism using mass balance and binding isotherm to determine the binding capacity and separation efficiency. The results from the ultrafiltration experiments show that (1)pure CPC(20mM) micelles is effectively retained by membrane pore size of MWCO=1K, 5K, 10K, the rejection ratio is ranged from 92~96% ;(2)CPC is not effectively retained by membrane at S/O ratio =1, because most of CPC exists in monomer form,the rejection ratio is ranged from 20~30% ;(3)the rejection ratio increased with increasing surfactant concentration, S/O ratio = 10 is optimal operating condition ;(4)the rejection of pure phenol and o-cresol can not be retained by three different membrane pore size ;(5)the rejection ratio of organics increased with S/O ratio ; (6)the rejection of o-cresol is higher than that of phenol at the same S/O ratio,because o-cresol has a hydrophobic methyl group which can increase its solubility in micelles ;(7)in diafiltration experiments, the rejection of phenol and o-cresol is 23.4 % and 29.7 %, respectively ; and (8)binding ratio of o-cresol (4.5) is greater than phenol (0.8).
Tsai, Yen-Chang, and 蔡延璋. "Synthesis of Dense Palladium-based Cermet Membrane for H2 and CO2 Separation at Elevated Temperature." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65429592605676242204.
Full text國立交通大學
材料科學與工程學系所
103
A cermet composite consisting of palladium and BaCe0.4Zr0.4Gd0.1Dy0.1O3-x (BCZGD) is fabricated by mixing palladium and BCZGD powders in a ball mill, followed by pressing and sintering at 1450°C for 24 h in air. The Pd-BCZGD cermet demonstrates impressive hydrogen permeation flux in a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide at elevated temperature. Material characterization including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) are performed. XRD patterns indicate pure phases of fcc palladium and perovskite BCZGD. SEM images and element mapping suggest a homogeneous mixture of cermet without noticeable defect and phase segregation. TGA results confirm stability of the cermet against carbon dioxide without chemical decomposition. The hydrogen permeation flux is determined via a gas chromatography from 400 to 700°C at various hydrogen concentration gradients. We record a hydrogen flux of 1.25 cm3 min-1 cm-2 in 50% hydrogen and 50% carbon dioxide at 700°C, with a selectivity of H2/CO2 approaching infinity.
Wei-ZeSyu and 許偉澤. "Numerical study on hydrogen permeation and polarization in Pd-based membrane tubes for hydrogen separation." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50151202351021681138.
Full text國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
100
The influence of concentration polarization and separation efficiency for hydrogen through palladium-based membrane was investigated by simulation. According the numerical results, how the concentration polarization affecting H2 permeation and finding out the optimized conditions to refer to experiment are mentioned in this study. There are two parts in this study. In the first part of this research, a model base on the experimental equipment is constructed. Four important parameters which are the pressure difference, H2 molar fraction, Reynolds number, and membrane permeance affecting H2 permeation proceed a extensive survey. The predictions indicate that increasing pressure difference or membrane permeance facilitates H2 permeation rate; concentration polarization is thus triggered. Alternatively, when Reynolds number or H2 molar fraction decreases along with a higher permeance, the deviation of plug flow reactor (PFR) from continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) grows, even though H2 permeation rate declines. From the obtained results, it is concluded that the H2 permeation rate can be predicted by Sieverts’ law if the H2 permeation ratio is no larger than 30%. In the second part of this research, the sweep gas is added into the membrane tube to seek the influences of flow pattern and sweep gas on hydrogen permeation and polarization. The predicted results suggest that the counter-current mode are able to give the better performance of hydrogen separation compared to the co-current mode, and complete hydrogen recovery can be achieved if the flow rate of feed gas is low to a certain extent. However, lower flow rates of feed gas and sweep gas will trigger serious concentration polarization on the membrane surface. The transport of feed gas into the membrane tube from the lumen side or the shell side is flexible. The optimum Reynolds number of sweep gas in accordance with the Reynolds number of feed gas can be correlated by an arc tangential function which is able to provide a reference for the operation of hydrogen separation by controlling sweep gas.
LI, Yu-Min, and 李煜閔. "Synthesis, characterization of Solvent-based and Water-based electroactive polyurethane elastomer membrane and their application in Gas separation and pervaporation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57vv4u.
Full text中原大學
化學研究所
102
In this study, the electroactive amine-capped aniline trimer (ACAT) was incorporated into solvent-based and waterborne polyurethane (PU) to give several electroactive PU membranes, which with high mechanical strength, better air permeability, simultaneously. For the synthesis of ACAT, aniline was reacted with 4,4-Aminodiphenylamine followed by characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MASS). Subsequently, for the preparation of electroactive waterborne polyurethane (WPU) membrane, WPU pre-polymer was first prepared by reacting poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) with 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) and cyclohexyl isocyanate (H12DMI). Secondly, the electroactive WPU was prepared by incorporating with ACAT. Moreover, for the preparation of electroactive solvent-based polyurethane membrane (SPU), the polyurea acrylate prepolymer was prepared by using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) reacting with a polyether diol (PTMG), following by introducing the ACAT into polymer to yield the electroactive SPU membrane. Mechanical strength of electroactivity, optical properties, thermal properties, surface wettability and permeability of PU membrane was studied by using a circulating apparatus (CV), a universal tensile testing machine, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle meter (contact angle) and gas permeability analyzer (GPA), respectively. It should be noted that the selectivity of pervaporation for electroactive WPU and SPU membrane was increased as compared to that of non-electroactive PU membranes.
Dumee, Ludovic. "Carbon-nanotube-based membranes for water desalination by membrane distillation." Thesis, 2011. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/19366/.
Full textWang, Chun-Ju, and 王俊茹. "The separation of PBI based on molecular weight&The effect of molecular weight upon PBI membrane properties." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91944167594103797582.
Full text元智大學
化學工程與材料科學學系
98
The effect of molecular weight upon polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane properties has been investigated. PBI was synthesized by polymerization of 3,3-diaminobenzidine and isophthalic acid with a molar ratio of 1:1. The structure of PBI was determined by FTIR. The obtained polymer was then fractionated by dissolving in various solvent at temperatures 30◦C The weight-averaged molecular weights of 1.24×104, 8.85×104, 2.91×105, and 3.81×105 g /mol were obtained. PBI membranes have been prepared with different molecular weights. The acid uptake and mechanical strength were studied for the pristine PBI membranes and PBI membranes before and after being doped with phosphoric acid. The acid doping level of PBI membrane was increased with increasing the molecular weight PBI. High molecular weights of the PBI membrane improve the mechanical strength. After being doped with phosphoric acid, the mechanical strength of the membranes became poor.
Chowdhury, Mohammad Hassan Murad. "Simulation, Design and Optimization of Membrane Gas Separation, Chemical Absorption and Hybrid Processes for CO2 Capture." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6430.
Full textGu, Zu-Chiang, and 谷祖強. "Synthesis and properties of crosslinkable phosphinated low-dielectric polyphenylene oxide for high frequency communication and lignin-based high rigid gas separation membrane." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28361880909374513783.
Full text(8715135), Siddhi-Santosh Hate. "DISSOLUTION AND MEMBRANE MASS TRANSPORT OF SUPERSATURATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textSupersaturating drug delivery systems are an attractive solubility enabling formulation strategy for poorly soluble drugs due to their potential to significantly enhance solubility and hence, bioavailability. Compendial dissolution testing is commonly used a surrogate for assessing the bioavailability of enabling formulations. However, it increasingly fails to accurately predict in vivo performance due its closed-compartment characteristics and the lack of absorptive sink conditions. In vivo, drug is continually removed due to absorption across the gastrointestinal membrane, which impacts the luminal concentration profile, which in turn affects the dissolution kinetics of any undissolved material, as well as crystallization kinetics from supersaturated solutions. Thus, it is critical to develop an improved methodology that better mimics in vivo conditions. An enhanced approach integrates dissolution and absorption measurements. However, currently-used two-compartment absorptive apparatuses, employing a flat-sheet membrane are limited, in particular by the small membrane surface area that restricts the mass transfer, resulting in unrealistic experimental timeframes. This greatly impacts the suitability of such systems as a formulation development tool. The goal of this research is two-fold. First, to develop and test a high surface area, flow-through, absorptive dissolution testing apparatus, designed to provide in vivo relevant information about formulation performance in biologically relevant time frames. Second, to use this apparatus to obtain mechanistic insight into physical phenomenon occurring during formulation dissolution. Herein, the design and construction of a coupled dissolution-absorption apparatus using a hollow fiber membrane module to simulate the absorption process is described. The hollow fiber membrane offers a large membrane surface area, improving the mass transfer rates significantly. Following the development of a robust apparatus, its application as a formulation development tool was evaluated in subsequent studies. The dissolution-absorption studies were carried out for supersaturated solutions generated via anti-solvent addition, pH-shift and by dissolution of amorphous formulations. The research demonstrates the potential of the apparatus to capture subtle differences between formulations, providing insight into the role of physical processes such as supersaturation, crystallization kinetics and liquid-liquid phase separation on the absorption kinetics. The study also explores dissolution-absorption performance of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) and the influence of resultant solution phase behavior on the absorption profile. Residual crystalline content in ASDs is a great concern from a physical stability and dissolution performance perspective as it can promote secondary nucleation or seed crystal growth. Therefore, the risk of drug crystallization during dissolution of ASDs containing some residual crystals was assessed using absorptive dissolution measurements and compared to outcomes observed using closed-compartment dissolution testing. Mesoporous silica-based formulations are another type of amorphous formulations that are gaining increased interest due to higher physical stability and rapid release of the amorphous drug. However, their application may be limited by incomplete drug release resulting from the adsorption tendency of the drug onto the silica surface. Thus, the performance of mesoporous silica-based formulations was also evaluated in the absorptive dissolution testing apparatus to determine the impact of physiological conditions such as gastrointestinal pH and simultaneous membrane absorption on the adsorption kinetics during formulation dissolution. Overall, the aim of this research was to demonstrate the potential of the novel in vitro methodology and highlight the significance of a dynamic absorptive dissolution environment to enable better assessment of complex enabling formulations. In vivo, there are multiple physical processes occurring in the gastrointestinal lumen and the kinetics of these processes strongly depend on the absorption kinetics and vice-a-versa. Thus, using this novel tool, the interplay between solution phase behavior and the likely impacts on bioavailability of supersaturating drug delivery systems can be better elucidated. This approach and apparatus is anticipated to be of great utility to the pharmaceutical industry to make informed decisions with respect to formulation optimization.
Peters, Mark George Dominic. "Developing a novel theory for the synthesis and design of membrane-based separations." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/6862.
Full textAlhazmi, Banan O. "Interfacially Polymerized Thin-Film Composite Membranes Based on Biophenolic Material for Liquid Separation." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/664380.
Full textHazazi, Khalid. "High-Performance Carbon Molecular Sieve Gas Separation Membranes Based on a Carbon-Rich Intrinsically Microporous Polyimide Precursor." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10754/627771.
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