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Academic literature on the topic 'Membrane bactérienne externe'
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Journal articles on the topic "Membrane bactérienne externe"
Georges Thomas, I., Aboubacar Samaila, and Et Al. "Profil clinique et biologique des infections néonatales bactériennes précoces au Centre de Santé Mère et Enfant de Maradi, Niger." Revue Malienne d'Infectiologie et de Microbiologie 16, no. 3 (January 12, 2022): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53597/remim.v16i3.2018.
Full textRebière-Huët, Julie, Patrick Di Martino, Olivier Gallet, and Christian Hulen. "Interactions de protéines de membrane externe de Pseudomonas aeruginosa avec la fibronectine plasmatique. Recherche d'adhésines bactériennes." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series III - Sciences de la Vie 322, no. 12 (December 1999): 1071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4469(99)00106-7.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Membrane bactérienne externe"
Ferrandez, Yann. "Caractérisation du second système de sécrétion de type II chez la bactérie phytopathogène Erwinia chrysanthemi." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0109/these.pdf.
Full textIn Gram negative bacteria, ali the proteins destined for the outer membrane arc synthesized with a sequence signal which is cleaved during their routing. This cleavage is perfonned during the passage of the inner membrane, by LepB for outer membrane proteins (OMPs) or by LspA for lipoproteins. The sequencing of the genome of Dickeya dadamii allowed to bring to Light a second type II secretion machinery named Stt (for Second Type Two). Downstream to this system is a gene called pnlH, the product of which has homology with pectin lyases. The study of this protein showed that it is a substrate of the Stt machinery which allows its passage from the inner face to the outer face of outer membrane. In absence of Stt or in Escherichia coli, PnlH is localized in the inner face of the outer membrane. This anchoring is due to the terminal extremity of the protein which is not cleaved during the crossing of the inner membrane and contains all the information for the addressing of the protein. Indeed, the fusion of the first 41 amino acids of PnlH with proteins of various cellular compartments allows the addressing of these hybrids to the outer membrane. A more detailed analysis of this N-tenninal part shows characteristies of a Tat-dependant sequence signal, allowing the passage of the inner membrane by the Tat system. Analysis of mutants of the sequence signal or of the machinery Tat confirmed that this one is necessary for the passage of PnlH through the inner membrane. So, the analysis of the addressing of PnlH to the outer membrane allowed the identification a new way of routing of proteins to the outer membrane of bacteria. This new mechanism of targeting of proteins in the outer membrane is probably widespread because PnlH is also localized in the outer membrane when it is expressed in E. Coli. Since PnlH is not detected as a substrate of the Tat machinery by the prediction programs this suggests that other Tat targeted outer membrane proteins remain to be identified
Beaud, Basile. "Exploring outer membrane biogenesis in terrabacteria." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=6529&f=73108.
Full textThe bacterial envelope is essential for numerous cellular functions, including maintaining structural integrity, cell division, motility, nutrient uptake, and communication. It also plays a key role in bacterial pathogenicity, making its assembly and maintenance a critical area of research for new antimicrobial development. Bacterial envelopes exhibit a significant dichotomy, unique to the bacterial domain, between monoderm (single membrane) and diderm (double membrane) structures. Traditionally, this divide has been classified as 'Gram-positive' (monoderm) and 'Gram-negative' (diderm). Historically, it was thought that diderm bacteria evolved from monoderms through a gradual increase in complexity. However, recent phylogenomic studies challenge this view, suggesting that the last bacterial common ancestor (LBCA) was already a diderm, and that the shift to a monoderm architecture occurred through multiple independent losses of the outer membrane (OM). Interestingly, all these diderm-to-monoderm transitions are confined to the Terrabacteria subdomain, which includes phyla such as Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. The reasons for these OM losses specifically in Terrabacteria remain unknown but may be linked to unknown mechanisms unique to the OM biogenesis in this group. In my thesis, I studied the outer membrane biogenesis of two Terrabacteria model. The first model is Veillonella parvula, a diderm from the human microbiome that belongs to the Firmicutes which are better known for their monoderm models (Bacillus, Staphylococcus). I characterized two genes of unknown function (lap1 and lap2) which were previously associated to diderms in a bioinformatical analyses and found that they were involved in OM biogenesis and localized at the cytoplasmic membrane and OM respectively. Surprisingly, the deletions mutant of Lap1-2 was suppressed by lipid biosynthesis genes including a recently identified ether-lipid synthesis enzyme PlsA. While I could not associate the function of plsA in OM biogenesis, I could demonstrate its function in oxidative stress resistance for the first time in Bacteria. I also used a differential colorimetric assay between the WT and plsA deletion mutants to develop CRISPR/Cas9 using plsA as a target. I also identified a putative a new type of glycerophospholipid transporter and obtained preliminary data suggesting it becomes essential in a genomic background devoid of all copies of the recently discovered glycerophospholipid transporter family AsmA-like supporting its putative role. I also showed that AsmA-like proteins have higher copy numbers in Gracilicutes while Terrabacteria often have a single copy or none suggesting the existence of more glycerophospholipid transporters than previously known. Interestingly the newly identified putative transporter was more abundant in Terrabacteria. The second model I studied is Deinococcus radiodurans, a bacterium belonging to the phylum Deinococcota and whose envelope differs significantly from classical diderm models. I was able to retrace the evolutionary history of the lipopolysaccharide transporter Lpt in Deinococcota as I showed that it duplicated in this phylum with one complex predicted to be involved in LPS transport while the other was predicted to possess an unknown substrate. I showed that Deinococcota have lost LPS three times independently and studied the function of both Lpt transporters in D. radiodurans which has lost LPS. I found that the complex which used to be involved in LPS transport was not crucial to the physiology of D. radiodurans while the other complex led to grave defects in the bacterium when deleted. I suggested that this second complex is involved in lipoprotein export to the surface based on suppressor assays, cryo-EM and mass spectrometry
Collin, Séverine. "Mécanisme d'adressage à la membrane externe d'Escherichia coli de la sécrétine PulD du système de sécrétion de type II." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077072.
Full textThe outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria is composed of two main protein classes. Beta-barrel proteins are chaperoned in the periplasm by SurA, Skp and DegP and adressed to the outer membrane where their insertion is dependent on the Bam complex (beta-barrel assembly machinery). Lipoproteins (proteins anchored in the lipid bilayer via three fatty acids) are targeted via the Loi machinery (localisation of outer membrane lipoprotein). The periplasmic shuttle LolA transfers the lipoprotein to the outer membrane receptor LolB, responsible for the fatty acid insertion in the membrane. The secretin PulD, a dodecamer complex of SOOKDa, of the Klebsiella oxytoca type II secretion System, is part of another class of protein: the largest proteins of the outer membrane. In order to understand the targeting and assembly mecanism PulD in the periplasm and at the outer membrane, we first investigated thé général assembly pathway. We showed that multimerisation and the insertion of PulD in the outer membrane is independent of the Bam machinery. The minor role of the general chaperons in the periplasm remain to be further described. Then, we studied the relation between PulD and its specific chaperon lipoprotein, PulS. We could highlight for the first time the targeting of an integral, non-lipidated outer membrane protein by the Loi machinery by identifying a periplasmic complex formed by LolA, PulS (or pilotin) and PulD
Sakamoto, Chizuko. "Study of the regulatory network of the surface autotransported adhesin antigen 43 in escherichia coli." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077205.
Full textAg43 is an outer-membrane protein enabling E. Coli to auto-aggregate. It promotes the formation of biofilms and is implicated in the persistence of uropathogenic E. Coli strains in the urinary tract. This adhesin is regulated by a mechanism of phase variation which is very well-documented : the expression of agn43 results of the competition between the Dam methylase (activator) and the transcriptional regulator OxyR (repressor). Fiente, sister-cells can either express agn43 (phase ON) or not (phase OFF). Up-to-date, this is the only known mechanism of regulation of agn43, although the in vivo role of phase variation is still poorly understood. Although the agn43 regulatory switch leads to a heterogeneous population of ON and OFF bacteria, studies of Ag43 seldom consider potential biases associated with phase variation. We monitored agn43 ON/OFF phase-variation status genetically and phenotypically and we show that the use of populations with random agn43 ON or OFF status could result in misleading conclusions about Ag43 function or regulation. In particular, we demonstrate that Lrp and MqsR, previously identified as agn43 regulators, do not regulate agn43 expression or ON/OFF switch frequency. We also show that biofilm formation in dynamic flow conditions does not influence agn43 ON/OFF switching but physically selects aggregating agn43 ON cells. This indicates that misinterpretation is possible when studying gene expression within biofilms. Moreover, we provide evidence that ignoring the initial agn43 ON/OFF status of the E. Coli populations studied is likely to bias analyses of phenotypes associated with other E. Coli adhesins thereby emphasizing the importance of monitoring Ag43 phase-variation. On another hand, we show that the two-component system CpxAR (or Cpx), implicated in periplasmic stress response, can modulate the function of Ag43- mediated auto-aggregation. We have determined that the Cpx system is not directly regulating Ag43 expression, stability nor its translocation to the surface but rather indirectly by a `masking/unmasking' mechanism via the expression of type 1 fimbriae (fim operon), another major phase-variable adhesin of E. Coli. Moreover, we have shown that the expression offim induces the Cpx system via the lipoprotein N1pE, inducer of the Cpx system, which is involved in surface sensing, providing the first evidence of a negative feedback of type 1 fimbriae on their own expression. Furthermore, our results tend to show that OxyR is also a repressor offim expression making it a master regulator of the phase-variable adhesins of E. Coli (Ag43 and Fim). This study therefore provides a new insight into Ag43 regulation in particular regarding its interactions with other adhesins
Pichavant, Muriel. "Mécanismes de sensibilisation par voie aérienne : interactions entre cellules épithéliales bronchiques et cellules dendritiques." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL2S018.
Full textMucosal immune response depends on the surveillance network established by dendritic cells (DC), located within airway epithelium. DC are professionnal antigen presenting cells, which play a key role in the development and the polarization of immune responses. Exposure to microbial products or allergens increases the number of DC within bronchial epithelium. Moreover, airway sensitization to allergens depends on the presence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, involving probably bronchial epithelial cell (BEC) activation. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the crosstalk between BEC and DC in response to a potent vaccinal agent: KpOmpA and to an aeroallergen: Der p1. KpOmpA, an outer membrane protein from Klebsiella pneumoniae, activates macrophages and DC, and has immunomodulatory properties. Our results show that KpOmpA-activated BEC take part to innate immune response through the recruitment of neutrophils. Moreover, BEC trigger the migration of myeloid DC precursors and favor their differentiation/maturation. This study demonstrates the role of BEC in the development of innate and adaptive immune responses after PAMP exposure. Since Der p1, a cystein protease allergen from Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus, is able to induce airway sensitization of atopic patients, we evaluated interactions between BEC from non atopic (NA) and allergic asthmatic (AA) donors and DC. Der p1 triggers CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10 production in both groups, whereas CCL20 is only induced with AA BEC. Langerhans cell precursors are recruited by AA BEC, in addition to monocyte-derived DC precursors which are recruited in both groups. This mechanism of airway sensitization to Der p1 probably implicate the selective recruitment of a DC sub-population. These data show that BEC participate to the development of the immune response through their capacity to regulate the homeostasis of airway DC, and their differentiation/maturation. Thus, bronchial epithelium targeting and activation could be important in vaccination process via airway mucosa
Dahmane, Tassadite. "Protéines membranaires et amphipols : stabilisation, fonction, renaturation, fonction et développement d'amphipols sulfonatés par la RMN des solutions." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077149.
Full textAmphipols (APols) are small amphiphatic polymers designed to keep membrane proteins (MPs) water-soluble. APols improve the stability of solubilized MPs beyond that afforded by detergents. This property makes them very interesting tools for in vitro studies of MPs. In a first part, we examine the influence of APols on the stability, renaturation and function of MPs. Our work is mainly based on the study of a model MP, bacteriorhodopsin, extracted from the purple membrane of the archaebacterium Halobium salinarium. Renaturation of MPs is a very interesting application of APols, since it represents a strongly limiting step to their study. We show that several model MPs (BR, MscL, EmrE. . . ) can be renatured using APols, and we have undertaken to extend this approach to the renaturation of MPs of great pharmacologic interest, the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In a second part, we describe some progress in the development of another application of APols, the structural study of MPs by solution-state NMR. We describe the design a new family of amphipols, the sulfonated amphipols (SAPols), which can be used at low pH. We present the different structures of SAPols studied and the tests that led us to the selection of optimized SAPols for MP solution-state NMR studies
Dé, Emmanuelle. "Etude fonctionnelle de la protéine membranaire OprF de Pseudomonas fluorescens et son implication dans la variation de résistance aux antibiotiques en fonction de la température de croissance bactérienne." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES006.
Full textBenevides, Matos Najla. "Rôle des protéines paralogues TonB et HasB dans le transport de l'hème par le récepteur de membrane externe HemR de Serratia marcescens." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077163.
Full textIn Gram-negative bacteria, molecules, including ferri-siderophores, iron, vitamin B 12 or heme, are transported through the outer membrane by specific receptor. This transportation activity requires the energy provided by the inner membrane complex TonB/ExbB/ExbD. Two components, ExbB, and ExbD use the proton motive force to produce energy. The third component, TonB, which transmit energy, interacts with the outer membrane receptors by peptide sequence located near their N-terminus end. This preserved consensus sequence DTLWTA, is named TonB box. Serratia marcescens has 2 functional TonB paralogs, TonB and HasB. TonB is able to transmit the energy of the complex TonB/ExbB/ExbD to receptors involved in the transport of iron or heme in Serratia marcescens or Escherichia coll. On the other hand HasB, whose gene is located in an operon encoding for the component of the Has heme uptake System (has operon), is functional for the heme acquisition via the HasR receptor but cannot substitute TonB for the transporter the ferrisiderophores in Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens. This raises the question of the level of the HasB specificity: is this a specificity with respect to the various heme transport Systems of Serratia marcescens or a strict specificity with respect to HasR? To answer this question, the second heme receptor (HemR) of S. Marcescens, was cloned and its activity characterized in Escherichia coli. HemR was shown to be active in the presence of TonB, but not with HasB. This result shows that HasB and HasR form a specific pair. Using mutants we studied, the contribution of the various Systems to the heme uptake process in Serratia marcescens. The Has and Hem Systems are the only functional heme transporter in Serratia marcescens. The Has System is more efficient but requires a higher iron deficiency. In absence its cognate hemophore, the heme uptake activity of the HasA System is dramatically, decreased. The Has System activity is almost completely abolished in absence of HasB. The quantity of HasR receptor in Serratia marcescens is strongly decreased in hasB mutant similarly with a hasA mutant. Using a transcriptional fusion between the has operon promoter and the lacZ gene, we showed that the has operon expression level is strongly decreased in a hasB mutant. The absence of activity of heme transport activity of the Has System in hasA and hasB mutants, is correlated with a sharp decrease of the has operon expression level. We propose the following scénario for the heme transport in Serratia marcescens. In an iron containing medium has, and hem operons are not expressed. In the presence of iron depletion, the Hem System can transport heme. In the presence of iron deficiency, and when the heme concentration is very low, the Has System transports heme thanks to thé activity of the hemophore HasA
Compagne, Nina. "Développement d'inhibiteurs des pompes d'efflux des bactéries Gram négatives pour lutter contre la résistance aux antibiotiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS032.
Full textThe discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century allowed to treat a number of previously fatal bacterial infectious diseases. However, this therapeutic progress was followed by a massive, repeated and inappropriate use of antibiotics, leading to the rise of antimicrobial resistance. This phenomenon is alarming, with an estimated 4.95 million deaths associated with antibiotic resistance in 2019. One of the resistance mechanisms developed by Enterobacterales and overall Gram-negative bacteria is the (over)expression of efflux pumps. These bacterial pumps are able to extrude several classes of antibiotics, thereby reducing their intrabacterial concentration and rendering them ineffective. One strategy being considered to circumvent this phenomenon is the development of efflux pump inhibitors which, in combination with an antibiotic, could offer a new therapeutic alternative to treat resistant bacterial infections.AcrAB-TolC is an efflux pump of the RND superfamily found in Enterobacterales such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In order to identify inhibitors of this pump, a chemical library of 1280 fragments was screened on E. coli in combination with a model antibiotic substrate of this pump, leading to the selection of a hit compound belonging to the pyridylpiperazine family. This hit has no intrinsic antibacterial activity, but is able to potentiate the activity of a range of antibiotics by direct inhibition of the AcrB protein. Initial studies of structure-activity relationships have allowed the identification of two chemical series, the quinoline/quinoxaline series and the pyridine series. Structural modifications around these three cores were carried out using a rational design based on the co-crystallographic structures obtained with AcrB. 80 compounds were therefore synthesised in order to identify more potent analogues and establish new structure-activity relationships. In particular, the introduction of different substituents with an amine function allowed to create new interactions with acidic residues in the AcrB binding pocket. The physicochemical and in vitro pharmacokinetic parameters of the most promising compounds were then measured, leading to the selection of one compound for a pharmacokinetic study in mice. In order to enrich the chemical diversity of substituents introduced on the quinoline and pyridine rings, a chemical library of 672 triazoles was synthesised via a copper-catalysed cycloaddition reaction. The aim was to increase the potency of the compounds by creating new interactions with AcrB while reducing the cytotoxicity and intrinsic antibacterial activity of the compounds. This led to the identification of new compounds with promising activities, which will soon be resynthesised in order to characterise their biological effect and measure their ADME properties
Tran, Que-Tien. "Résistance par modification de la perméabilité membranaire chez Proteus et Providencia : Caractérisation des composantes de la membrane externe." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20727.
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