Relevant bibliographies by topics / Membrance filters

Academic literature on the topic 'Membrance filters'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Membrance filters"

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Canalli Bortolassi, Ana Cláudia, Vádila Giovana Guerra, Mônica Lopes Aguiar, Laurence Soussan, David Cornu, Philippe Miele, and Mikhael Bechelany. "Composites Based on Nanoparticle and Pan Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Air Filtration and Bacterial Removal." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121740.

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Often, solid matter is separated from particle-laden flow streams using electrospun filters due to their high specific surface area, good ability to capture aerial particulate matter, and low material costs. Moreover, electrospinning allows incorporating nanoparticles to improve the filter’s air filtration efficiency and bacterial removal. Therefore, a new, improved polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers membrane that could be used to remove air pollutants and also with antibacterial activity was developed. We engineered three different filters that are characterized by the different particles embedded in the PAN nanofibers: titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), and silver (Ag). Then, their filtration performance was assessed by quantifying the filtration of sodium chloride (NaCl) aerosol particles of 9 to 300 nm in diameter using a scanning mobility particle sizer. The TiO2_F filter displayed the smallest fiber diameter and the highest filtration efficiency (≈100%). Conversely, the Ag_F filter showed the highest quality factor (≈0.06 Pa−1) because of the lower air pressure drop. The resulting Ag_F nanofibers displayed a very good antibacterial activity using an Escherichia coli suspension (108 CFU/mL). Moreover, the quality factor of these membranes was higher than that of the commercially available nanofiber membrane for air filtration.
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Alayande, Abayomi Babatunde, Yesol Kang, Jaewon Jang, Hobin Jee, Yong-Gu Lee, In S. Kim, and Euntae Yang. "Antiviral Nanomaterials for Designing Mixed Matrix Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11070458.

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Membranes are helpful tools to prevent airborne and waterborne pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses and bacteria. A membrane filter can physically separate pathogens from air or water. Moreover, incorporating antiviral and antibacterial nanoparticles into the matrix of membrane filters can render composite structures capable of killing pathogenic viruses and bacteria. Such membranes incorporated with antiviral and antibacterial nanoparticles have a great potential for being applied in various application scenarios. Therefore, in this perspective article, we attempt to explore the fundamental mechanisms and recent progress of designing antiviral membrane filters, challenges to be addressed, and outlook.
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Li, Xun Chao, and Cong Li. "The Development of Household Membrane Filters for Drinking Water Treatment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.446.

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The health risks and potential environment damage from unsafe municipal water have greatly accelerated the development of household water filter around the world. Similarly, the emergence of membrane technology in recently decades has greatly stimulated the rapid development and wide applications of membrane filter. The most widely used types of household membrane filters currently include RO membrane filter, UF membrane filter and MF membrane filter. Such filters are commercially available and of broad prospects in spite of membrane fouling. This review looks back over previous developments and applications of such three household membrane filters for better evaluation of their future development.
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Shin, Woo-Jin, Hyung-Seon Shin, Ji-Hun Hwang, and Kwang-Sik Lee. "Effects of Filter-Membrane Materials on Concentrations of Trace Elements in Acidic Solutions." Water 12, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123497.

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Filtration is commonly used to separate liquids from solid materials before the determination of trace element concentrations in aqueous solutions. Therefore, it is important to determine how much elemental content is extracted from the filter itself or lost via absorption into the filter. In this study, we investigated three types of disposable syringe filters (polyvinylidene difluoride, PVDF; polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE; PTFE with glass microfiber prefiltration media, GD/X) and their acid-cleaned versions using ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and acetic acid (HOAc) solutions. The concentrations of most trace elements (Li, Al, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Cs, Ba, Pb, and U) were higher in filtrates that had passed through acid-cleaned filters than those that had passed through uncleaned filters. In filtrates from PVDF and PTFE filters, many trace elements were below the detection limit. However, regardless of the filter type and acid cleaning, Li, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Ba concentrations in filtrates of NH4NO3 solutions, and Al, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Ba concentrations in filtrates of HOAc solutions were much higher than those of other trace elements. These differences were particularly noticeable in filtrates from GD/X filters containing glass microfiber layers. These data indicate that certain trace elements can be released from membrane materials by reacting with acid in the filtered solution. Furthermore, the amounts of each trace element were associated with the membrane type. These findings suggest that filter type should be carefully selected to obtain the required accuracy, in consideration of the target elements and whether an acid-cleaned filter is needed.
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Rodrigue, Lynda, and Marc C. Lavoie. "Comparison of different membranes for use in the colony-immunoblot technique." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-040.

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We compared five different supports (Whatman paper filters Nos. 1, 5, and 40, nitrocellulose, and Nylon 66) for their suitability in the colony-immunoblot (CIB) technique. Results indicate that Whatman No. 5 filter paper recovered 94–98% of the bacterial colonies tested, were more resistant to tearing than the other Whatman papers tested, and showed reduced cross-reactions as compared with nitrocellulose membranes. Whatman No. 5 filters are 20 times less expensive than the nitrocellulose membranes usually used in the CIB technique. We thus adopted the former for our ecological studies of the murine oral cavity. Key words: colony-immunoblot, filter paper, nitrocellulose membrane, microbial ecology, oral cavity.
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Papageorgiou, Georgios T., Laura Mocé-Llivina, Christina G. Christodoulou, Francisco Lucena, Dina Akkelidou, Eleni Ioannou, and Juan Jofre. "A Simple Methodological Approach for Counting and Identifying Culturable Viruses Adsorbed to Cellulose Nitrate Membrane Filters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.1.194-198.2000.

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ABSTRACT We identified conditions under which Buffalo green monkey cells grew on the surfaces of cellulose nitrate membrane filters in such a way that they covered the entire surface of each filter and penetrated through the pores. When such conditions were used, poliovirus that had previously been adsorbed on the membranes infected the cells and replicated. A plaque assay method and a quantal method (most probable number of cytopathic units) were used to detect and count the viruses adsorbed on the membrane filters. Polioviruses in aqueous suspensions were then concentrated by adsorption to cellulose membrane filters and were subsequently counted without elution, a step which is necessary when the commonly used methods are employed. The pore size of the membrane filter, the sample contents, and the sample volume were optimized for tap water, seawater, and a 0.25 M glycine buffer solution. The numbers of viruses recovered under the optimized conditions were more than 50% greater than the numbers counted by the standard plaque assay. When ceftazidime was added to the assay medium in addition to the antibiotics which are typically used, the method could be used to study natural samples with low and intermediate levels of microbial pollution without decontamination of the samples. This methodological approach also allowed plaque hybridization either directly on cellulose nitrate membranes or on Hybond N+ membranes after the preparations were transferred.
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Schuerger, Andrew C., and William Hammer. "Use of Cross-Flow Membrane Filtration in a Recirculating Hydroponic System to Suppress Root Disease in Pepper Caused by Pythium myriotylum." Phytopathology® 99, no. 5 (May 2009): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-5-0597.

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Zoosporic pathogens in the genera Pythium and Phytophthora cause extensive root disease epiphytotics in recirculating hydroponic vegetable-production greenhouses. Zoospore cysts of Pythium myriotylum Drechsler were used to evaluate the effectiveness of cross-flow membrane filters to control pythiaceous pathogens in recirculating hydroponic systems. Four membrane filter brands (Honeycomb, Polypure, Polymate, and Absolife) were tested alone or in combination to determine which filters would effectively remove infective propagules of P. myriotylum from solutions and reduce disease incidence and severity. Zoospore cysts of P. myriotylum generally measured 8 to 10 μm, and it was hypothesized that filters with pore-sizes <5 μm would be effective at removing 100% of the infective propagules and protect pepper plants from root infection. Single-filter assays with Honeycomb and Polypure brands removed 85 to 95% of zoospore cysts when pore sizes were rated at 1, 5, 10, 20, or 30 μm. Single-filter assays of Polymate and Absolife brands were more effective, exhibiting apparently 100% removal of zoospore cysts from nutrient solutions on filters rated at 1 to 10 μm. However, plant bioassays with Honeycomb and Polymate single filters failed to give long-term protection of pepper plants. Double-filter assays with 1- and 0.5-μm Polymate filters significantly increased the protection of pepper plants grown in nutrient film technique systems but, eventually, root disease and plant wilt could be observed. Insect transmissions by shore flies were not factors in disease development. Scanning electron microscopy images of zoospore cysts entrapped on Polymate filters revealed zoospore cysts that were either fully encysted, partially encysted, or of unusually small size (3 μm in diameter). It was concluded that either the atypically small or pliable pleomorphic zoospore cysts were able to penetrate filter membranes that theoretically should have captured them.
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Zhang, Jinfeng, Guanyi Chen, Yanning Ma, Miao Xu, Songyan Qin, Xiaoliang Liu, Haijun Feng, and Lian Hou. "Purification of pickling wastewater from the steel industry using membrane filters: Performance and membrane fouling." Environmental Engineering Research 27, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 200486–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.486.

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A new technique for treating pickling wastewater discharged from the steel industry using membrane filters was developed and membrane fouling was characterized in a full scale membrane filter. The morphological and chemical properties were examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) etc. The results showed that inorganic elements such as phosphates, chlorides, and sulfates were severely blocked in membrane surfaces and pores. The porosity, permeability, hydrophilic contact angle, and surface charge capacity of fouled membranes were all lower than those of new membranes, while the optimal neutralization reaction pH region for fouled membranes shifted and narrowed. Charge neutralization is a critical reason to membrane fouling. By increasing the Zeta potential of the pickling wastewater, the membrane fouling could be controlled. This method is proven to effectively improve the separation property of precipitates after pickling wastewater was neutralized. Moreover, Neutralization helped to reduce the unit number of treatment processes. This investigation could assist in obtaining a better understanding of the fouling properties and behavior in the full-scale membrane filters in the pickling wastewater treatment.
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Mänttäri, M., and M. Nyström. "Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration in the pulp and paper industry using cross-rotational (CR) filters." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0200.

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Ultra- and nanofiltration with high shear CR-filters have been utilized for cleaning of clear filtrates and effluents from the pulp and paper industry. The aim was to find out how different nanofiltration membranes operate at high shear conditions. The filtration efficiency of the membranes was evaluated by measuring flux, retention and fouling at various recovery and pH conditions. High fluxes (∼100 L/(m2h)) for nanofiltration membranes were measured when circulation waters from the paper machine were filtered at neutral conditions. In the filtration of discharge of external activated sludge treatment plants we measured fluxes around 150 L/(m2h) even at a concentration factor of 12. The best NF membranes removed over 80% of the organic carbon and of the conductivity and almost completely eliminated the color. With acidic waters fluxes and retentions were significantly lower. The NF270 membrane from Dow and the Desal-5 membranes from Osmonics had the highest flux and retention properties. However, the Desal-5 membrane lost its retention properties slowly, which restricts its use in the high shear CR-filter. CR-nanofiltration can be used in the pulp and paper industry without feed pre-treatment by ultrafiltration. This increases the attractiveness of high shear CR-nanofiltration.
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Wohlsen, T., J. Bates, B. Gray, and M. Katouli. "Evaluation of Five Membrane Filtration Methods for Recovery of Cryptosporidium and Giardia Isolates from Water Samples." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 4 (April 2004): 2318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.4.2318-2322.2004.

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ABSTRACT We evaluated the efficiency of five membrane filters for recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts. These filters included the Pall Life Sciences Envirochek (EC) standard filtration and Envirochek high-volume (EC-HV) membrane filters, the Millipore flatbed membrane filter, the Sartorius flatbed membrane filter (SMF), and the Filta-Max (FM) depth filter. Distilled and surface water samples were spiked with 10 oocysts and 10 cysts/liter. We also evaluated the recovery efficiency of the EC and EC-HV filters after a 5-s backwash postfiltration. The backwashing was not applied to the other filtration methods because of the design of the filters. Oocysts and cysts were visualized by using a fluorescent monoclonal antibody staining technique. For distilled water, the highest percent recovery for both the oocysts and cysts was obtained with the FM depth filter. However, when a 5-s backwash was applied, the EC-HV membrane filter (EC-HV-R) was superior to other filters for recovery of both oocysts (n = 53 ± 15.4 per 10 liters) and cysts (n = 59 ± 11.5 per 10 liters). This was followed by results of the FM depth filter (oocysts, 28.2 ± 8, P = 0.015; cysts, 49.8 ± 12.2, P = 0.4260), and SMF (oocysts, 16.2 ± 2.8, P = 0.0079; cysts, 35.2 ± 3, P = 0.0079). Similar results were obtained with surface water samples. Giardia cysts were recovered at higher rates than were Cryptosporidium oocysts with all five filters, regardless of backwashing. Although the time differences for completion of filtration process were not significantly different among the procedures, the EC-HV filtration with 5-s backwash was less labor demanding.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Membrance filters"

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Ndinisa, Nkosinathi Vincent Chemical Sciences &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Experimental and CFD simulation investigations into fouling reduction by gas-liquid two-phase flow for submerged flat sheet membranes." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32872.

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Submerged flat sheet membranes are mostly used in membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment. The major problems for these modules are concentration polarization and subsequent fouling. By using gas-liquid two-phase flow, these problems can be ameliorated. This thesis aimed to optimize the use of gas-liquid two-phase flow as a cleaning mechanism for submerged flat sheet membrane. The effect of various hydrodynamic factors such as airflow rate, nozzle size, nozzle geometry, intermittent bubbling, intermittent filtration, channel gap width, feed concentration and membrane baffles were investigated for model feed materials (yeast suspensions and mixed liquor from activated sludge plants). Insights into mechanisms by which two-phase flow reduces fouling for submerged flat sheet membranes were obtained by using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Experiments conducted showed that an optimal airflow rate exists beyond which no further flux enhancement was achieved. Fouling reduction increased with nozzle size at constant airflow. Nozzles of equal surface area but different geometries performed differently in terms of fouling reduction. Bubble size distribution analyses revealed that the percentage of larger bubbles and bubble rise velocities increased with the airflow rate and nozzle size. Thus the results of this study suggest that the effectiveness of two-phase flow depends on the bubble size. CFD simulations revealed that average shear stress on the membrane increased with airflow rate and bubble size and further indicated that an optimal bubble size possible exists. Using intermittent filtration as an operating strategy was found to be more beneficial than continuous filtration. This study also showed the importance of the size of the gap between the submerged flat sheet membranes. Increasing the gap from 7 mm to 14 mm resulted in an increase in fouling by about 40% based on the rate of increase in suction pressure (dTMP/dt). Finally, this is the first study which investigated the effect of baffles in improving air distribution across a submerged flat sheet membrane. It was found that baffles decreased the rate of fouling at least by a factor of 3.0 based on the dTMP/dt data.
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Soares, Robson de Miranda. "Membranas suportadas de alumina, obtidas pelo método da sedimentação gravitacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 1998. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-10092008-110844/.

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Este trabalho trata da preparação de membranas suportadas em substratos com alta permeabilidade, alta porosidade e razoável resistência mecânica., pelo método da sedimentação gravitacional. Os substratos foram obtidos através da prensagem de composições contendo poli(metacrilato de metila) e ácido esteárico dissolvidos no dicloro metano e alumina APC-SG (d50 = 3 μm ) calcinada a 1600°C durante 1h. As partículas de alumina após calcinação são classificadas em peneiras da série Tyler e utilizadas aquelas cuja distribuição se encontravam na faixa granulométrica de 250 a 500 μm. Os substratos após a prensagem a 33 MPa são calcinados e sinterizados a 1600°C durante 3h e apresentam \"alta resistência mecânica\", taxa de fluxo de 404 m3/m2h , porosidade de 59 % e distribuição de poros nas faixas de 10 a 100 μm e de 0.4 a 2.0 μm. Devido a grande diferença entre os diâmetros dos poros do substrato e o tamanho das partículas de alumina AKP-50 (d50 = 0.3 μm), utilizada para a obtenção da membrana, foi necessário acrescentar uma camada intermediária de alumina APC-SG entre o substrato e a membrana para viabilizar o processo de sedimentação. A camada intermediária foi depositada por sedimentação gravitacional e sinterizada a 1500°C durante 1h. A porosidade do substrato/camada intermediária é igual a 56 %, taxa de fluxo de 10 m3/m2h e distribuição de poros estreita na faixa de 0.4 a 2 μm. As membranas foram sinterizadas a 100°C durante 0.5h e se caracterizam por possuir uma distribuição de poros estreita na faixa de 0.04 a 0.09 μm, espessura média de 57 μm e taxa de fluxo de 0.4 m3/m2h.
This work is concerned with ceramic membrane preparation supported on a ceramic substrate having high permeability, high porosity and reasonable mechanical strength. Membranes were prepared from AKP-50 alumina by the gravitational sedimentation method followed by sintering at 1000°C for 0.5 h. Membranes showed a unimodal narrow pore size distribution in the 0.04 to 0.09 range, thickness of 57 μm and 0.4 m3/m2h. flow rate. Substrates were prepared by uniaxial compression, at 33 MPa, of alumina PMMA stearic acid powder composites followed by organic burning and final sintering at 1600°C for 3h. In order to increase alumina APC-SG grain size distribution to 250- 500 μm range, alumina was previously calcined at 1600°C for 1h. Substrates show high mechanical strength, 4.0 to 2 m3/m2h flow rate, 60% porosity and pore size distribution in the range of 10-100 μm and from 0.4 to 2.0 μm. Due to the large difference between the substrate pore diameter and the AKP-50 alumina grain size distribution (d50 = 0.3 μm) used in the membrane preparation, it was necessary to add an intermediary APC-SG layer. This layer was prepared also by the gravitational sedimentation method and sintered at 1500°C for 1h. The intermediary layer/substrate showed 56% porosity, 10 m3/m2h flow rate and a narrow pore sue distribution in the 0.4-2.0 μm range.
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Poletto, Patrícia. "Caracterização de membranas de poliamida 66 preparadas pelo método de inversão de fases." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2010. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/573.

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Neste trabalho foram preparadas membranas de poliamida 66 (PA 66) pelo método de inversão de fases (IF) e caracterizadas com o objetivo de verificar sua possível aplicação em processos de separação. As membranas de PA 66 foram preparadas utilizando dois solventes diferentes, ácido fórmico (AF) e ácido clorídrico (HCl) e água como não-solvente. As membranas preparadas na forma de filmes (não suportadas) foram caracterizadas por Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), onde os resultados mostraram que a estrutura química e o comportamento térmico da PA 66 não foram alterados como o uso de ácidos como solventes. Os filmes apresentaram estrutura assimétrica, com formação de camada densa na parte superior seguida de subestrutura de poros esféricos observada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A espessura de camada densa variou de 10 à 25 μm, para o filme preparado em AF e HCl, respectivamente. O aumento da espessura da camada densa, ou seja, a redução de espaços vazios influenciou diretamente os resultados de percentual de água absorvida e porosidade total. A porosidade foi de 15 contra 50% para os filmes preparados em AF e HCl, respectivamente. O fluxo de vapor de água foi menor para os filmes com maior espessura de camada densa, devido ao aumento da resistência ao transporte de massa. Com o objetivo de aumentar a resistência mecânica dos filmes de poliamida, foram preparadas membranas suportadas em tecido de poliéster para posterior aplicação em processos de separação que utilizam altas pressões. As membranas suportadas foram caracterizadas pelas técnicas de BET para determinação de tamanho médio de poros, ensaios de osmose inversa (OI) e ultrafiltração (UF). Ambas as membranas preparadas em AF e HCl apresentaram valores de tamanho de poro muito próximos quando analisado por BET. O ensaio de compactação com água pura realizado a 40 bar de pressão revelou que as membranas preparadas em AF sofrem maior compactação na sua estrutura apresentando fluxo de permeado em torno de 22 Lm-2h-1 enquanto a membrana preparada em HCl apresentou fluxo de 312 Lm-2h-1. No ensaio de OI, a rejeição máxima ao cloreto de sódio foi de 7% e 4% para a membrana AF-3 e HCl-3, respectivamente. Nos ensaios de ultrafiltração (UF), realizados a 15 bar, ambas as membranas apresentaram valores de rejeição próximos a 70% para albumina de ovo e 80% para albumina bovina. Com esse resultado, podemos concluir que ambas as membranas apresentaram características de tamanho de poro e rejeição para aplicações em processos de UF.
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In the present study, polyamide 66 (PA 66) membranes were prepared by phase inversion (PI) and characterized in order to verify their potential application in separation processes. PA 66 membranes were prepared using two different solvents, formic acid (FA) and chloridric acid (HCl), and water as a non-solvent. Membranes prepared in film form (not supported) were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the results showed that the chemical structure and thermal behavior of the PA 66 were not altered by the use of acids as solvents. The films revealed an asymmetric structure with a dense top layer and a porous sublayer featuring spherical pores observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thickness of the dense layer varied from 10 to 25 μm in films prepared with FA and HCl, respectively. The increase in thickness of the dense layer, i.e., the reduction of empty spaces, directly influenced the results regarding water absorption percentage and total porosity. The porosity found was 15% and 50% for films prepared with FA and HCl, respectively. Water vapor flux was lower in films with a thicker dense layer as a result of a greater resistance to mass transfer. In order to increase mechanical resistance in polyamide films, supported membranes with polyester fabric were prepared for latter application in separation processes through high pressure. Supported membranes were characterized by BET techniques for the determination of pore size, reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration assays. Both membranes prepared with FA and HCl showed very similar pore sizes when analyzed by/with BET. A compression assay with pure water performed at a pressure of 40 bar revealed that membranes prepared with FA undergo greater compaction of its structure and had a permeate flux value of approximately 22 Lm-2h-1 whereas the membrane prepared with HCl had a permeate flux value of 312 Lm-2h-1. On reverse osmosis assays, the maximum rejection to sodium chloride was 7% and 4% for FA-3 and HCl-3 membranes, respectively. On ultrafiltration assays, performed at 15 bar, both membranes had rejection values close to 70% for egg albumin and 80% for bovine albumin. Based on this result, it is possible to conclude that both membranes revealed pore size and rejection characteristics for application in ultrafiltration processes.
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Bahia, Adilson Silva [UNESP]. "Tratamento de efluente de curtume por biofiltro aerado Submerso pré-tratado com microfiltro de membrana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111149.

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Os efluentes do processo de industrialização do couro em curtumes apresentam, além de elevadas concentrações de matéria orgânica em termos de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO), altas concentrações de sólidos totais, suspensos e sulfeto, o que torna o tratamento destes efluentes problemático. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a biotratabilidade dos efluentes de curtumes por meio do tratamento por Biofiltro Aaerado Submerso (BF) após pré-tratamento por membrana de microfiltração. Os resultados mostraram que pode haver a viabilidade técnica no uso de BF para remoção de matéria orgânica e sulfeto de águas residuárias industriais de curtume, pois atingiram, respectivamente, a remoção 84% e 98 %
The effluents from leather tanning process have in addition to high concentrations of organic matter in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), high concentrations of total solids, total suspended solids and sulfide, which makes problematic the treatment of these effluents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biotreatability of tannery effluent by submerged aerated biofilter after microfiltration membrane pretreatment. The results showed that can be used in the technical feasibility of BF removal of organic sulphide and industrial raw tannery wastewater as it amounted, respectively, removal to 84% and 98%
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Bahia, Adilson Silva. "Tratamento de efluente de curtume por biofiltro aerado Submerso pré-tratado com microfiltro de membrana /." Ilha Solteira, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/111149.

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Orientador: Tsunao Matsumoto
Banca: Liliane Lazzari Albertin
Banca: Luis Fernando Rossi Léo
Resumo: Os efluentes do processo de industrialização do couro em curtumes apresentam, além de elevadas concentrações de matéria orgânica em termos de Demanda Química de Oxigênio (DQO) e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO), altas concentrações de sólidos totais, suspensos e sulfeto, o que torna o tratamento destes efluentes problemático. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a biotratabilidade dos efluentes de curtumes por meio do tratamento por Biofiltro Aaerado Submerso (BF) após pré-tratamento por membrana de microfiltração. Os resultados mostraram que pode haver a viabilidade técnica no uso de BF para remoção de matéria orgânica e sulfeto de águas residuárias industriais de curtume, pois atingiram, respectivamente, a remoção 84% e 98 %
Abstract: The effluents from leather tanning process have in addition to high concentrations of organic matter in terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), high concentrations of total solids, total suspended solids and sulfide, which makes problematic the treatment of these effluents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biotreatability of tannery effluent by submerged aerated biofilter after microfiltration membrane pretreatment. The results showed that can be used in the technical feasibility of BF removal of organic sulphide and industrial raw tannery wastewater as it amounted, respectively, removal to 84% and 98%
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Nel, A. M. "Removal of organic foulants from capillary ultrafiltration membranes by use of ultrasound." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1997.

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Li, Hong-yu Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Mechanism studies for crossflow microfiltration with pulsatile flow." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, 1995. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17858.

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The mechanism of how pulsatile flow affects flux behaviour in crossflow micro-filtration was investigated. The effects of pulsatile flow were sub-divided into shear effects and backflushing effects. A servo-valve hydraulic piston pump was applied to generate pulsatile flows in the membrane module with particular waveforms. Four types of fluid pulsation with specific flow-rate and pressure waveforms were produced for experimental tests. Two parameters, /dVcf\dt/ maxand Pmin, were examined independently for their effect during pulsatile flow, which was estimated by comparing the cake resistance during steady flow and pulsatile flow at the same mean crossflow velocity, trans-membrane pressure and membrane resistance. Filtration tests for all the pulsatile flows with clean water confirmed that pulsatility only affects cake depositions. Without particles, no flux improvement was obtained. The results for the microfiltration of 0.5g/1 silica suspension showed that for pulsatile flows without backflushing (i.e. no negative transmembrane pressure peak), the fluid pulsation decreased cake resistance when the shear related parameter /dVcf\dt/max exceeded a critical value for each given waveform. When the instantaneous transmembrane pressure reached negative values, i.e. back-flushing occurred, the cake resistance was reduced for all pressure waves tested. Cake resistance was reduced more for more negative P min. With two of the waveforms tested, the cake resistance was almost completely eliminated. In contrast, the shear affected cake resistance reduction differently for each waveform. Comparing cake reduction results for different pulsatile waveforms, it was found that, for the square wave, the cake resistance reduction was higher for both shear and backflushing effect tests, while for the short spike waveform, the cake resistance reduction was lower. The flux waveforms were seen to follow the variations in transmembrane pressure. The flux response time was longer than the time required for the pressure changes, but was not dependent on the direction of the pressure change.
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Camargo, Liliane Rodrigues 1981. "Formação de biofilmes microbianos em membranas poliméricas de poliamida e polietersulfona e seu controle por agentes sanitizantes." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255788.

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Orientadores: Arnaldo Yosteruy Kuaye, Luiz Antonio Viotto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T05:42:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camargo_LilianeRodrigues_M.pdf: 1091941 bytes, checksum: 60be1838dcd0800329468f3b7825e521 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: O grande consumo de águas minerais tem alavancado muitos estudos de relação caracterização microbiológica, nas mais diversas regiões brasileiras. Trabalhos revelam que a grande maioria das águas brasileiras envasadas e águas de poços artesianos possuem contaminação microbiana, causando grande preocupação com relação à qualidade da água a ser consumida. Dentre os processos para tratamento da água mineral, a fim de atender as exigências comerciais e de legislações, está a microfiltração. O processo consiste da utilização de filtros de membranas poliméricas, nos quais os microrganismos ficam retidos (barreira mecânica). De acordo com a Resolução RDC nº 275/2005 Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), os microrganismos Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, estão inseridos, juntamente com outras bactérias, como Enterococos, Clostridium perfringens e coliformes totais no quadro de controle microbiano de águas minerais. Devido à utilização dos filtros de membrana para controle destes microrganismos, há a necessidade da realização da sanitização desses filtros para evitar proliferação de microrganismos na superfície; prevenindo o entupimento dos poros da membrana e contaminação do processo. O sanitizante a base de ácido peracético e água quente são os principais agentes sanitizantes utilizados na indústria de água mineral para sanitização de equipamentos. Assim este trabalho objetivou avaliar a formação de biofilme microbiano de Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa em membranas poliméricas de poliamida e polietersulfona e a eficiência da sanitização das membranas por solução de ácido peracético a 0,1%, 0,2% e água quente a 85 ºC em dois diferentes tempos de contato, 10 minutos e 20 minutos. O teste foi realizado através do contato de cupons de 1 cm2 das membranas com o inóculo na concentração de 104 UFC/ mL, em temperaturas de 5, 25 e 35ºC e a análise dos cupons após 24h, 48h e 72h de contato. A quantidade de células aderidas de Escherichia coli para ambas as membranas foi de 4 log UFC/ cm2 para as primeiras 24h de contato, chegando até 6 log UFC/cm2 após 72h de contato para a temperatura de 35ºC. Para Pseudomonas aeruginosa, o comportamento de adesão foi similar, onde a maior quantidade chegou à 6,25 log UFC/cm2 após 72h de contato para a temperatura de 25ºC. Para avaliar a eficiência dos agentes sanitizantes, os cupons foram submetidos ao processo de adesão dos microrganismos e após 24 horas de contato na temperatura de 35ºC foram colocados em contato com a solução sanitizante à base de ácido peracético 0,1%, 0,2% e água quente à 85ºC durante 10 e 20 minutos. Os sanitizantes utilizados ofereceram grande eficiência na redução das bactérias aderidas nas membranas. A concentração do sanitizante químico mais efetivo foi 0,2% para 10 e 20 minutos de contato, onde cerca de 80% dos cupons tiveram redução de > 4 Log UFC/cm2. A água na temperatura de 85ºC em ambos os tempos de contato (10 minutos e 20 minutos) também ofereceu grande eficiência na redução logarítmica dos microrganismos, onde 100% dos cupons apresentaram redução > 4 Log UFC/cm2
Abstract: The high consumption of mineral water has leveraged many studies regarding microbiological, in several brazilian regions. Papers reveal that the vast majority of brazilian bottled waters and water from artesian wells have microbiological contamination, causing great concern about the quality of water being consumed. Among the processes for treatment of mineral water in order to meet business requirements and laws is microfiltration. The process consist in the use of polymer membrane filters, the where the microorganisms are withheld (mechanical barrier). According to Resolution RDC 275/2005 of National Agency for Sanitary Vigilance (ANVISA) microorganisms Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, are inserted, along with other bacteria such as Enterococcus, Clostridium perfringens and total coliforms under control of microbiological characteristics of mineral waters. Due to the use of membrane filters to control these microorganisms, there is the need to perform sanitization filters to prevent the proliferation of microorganisms on the surface, preventing the clogging of the pores of the membrane and process contamination. The sanitizing the basis of peracetic acid and hot water are the main agents sanitizers available in the industry of mineral water to equipments sanitize. This study aimed to evaluate the microbial biofilm formation of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in polymeric membranes of polyamide and polyethersulfone membranes and the sanitizing ef ficiencyprocess with of peracetic acid 0.1%, 0.2% and hot water at 85 °C in two different contact times, 10 minutes and 20 minutes. The test was conducted through the contact of coupons with 1 cm2 of the membranes in the inoculum with concentration of 104 CFU /mL, at temperatures of 5, 25 and 35 °C and an alysis of the coupons after 24h, 48h and 72h of contact. The amount of Escherichia coli cells attached to both membranes was 4 log CFU /cm2 for the first 24 hours of contact, reaching 6 log CFU /cm2 after 72 hours of contact to a temperature of 35 °C. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the adherence behavior was similar, where the largest amount reached 6.25 log CFU /cm2 after contact for 72 hours at 25 º C. To evaluate the effectiveness of sanitizing agents, the coupons were subjected to the adhesion of microorganisms and after 24 hours of contact at 35 ºC were placed in contact with the sanitizing solution based on peracetic acid 0.1%, 0.2% and hot water at 85 °C for 10 to 20 minutes. The sanitizers used offered high efficiency in reducing bacteria attached on the membranes. The concentration of chemical sanitizer most effective was 0.2% for 10 and 20 minutes of contact, where about 80% of the coupons was reduced by > 4 Log CFU/cm2. The water temperature at 85 °C in both contact times (10 and 20 minutes) also offered greater efficiency in logarithmic reduction of microorganisms, where 100% of the coupons showed a reduction > 4 Log UFC/cm2
Mestrado
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Deng, Shi. "Development of a coarse pore membrane bioreactor with in-situ membrane cleaning /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?EVNG%202007%20DENG.

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Wong, Hiu Man. "Removal of pathogens by membrane bioreactor : removal efficiency, mechanisms and influencing factors /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202004%20WONGH.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-102). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Books on the topic "Membrance filters"

1

Kōbunshi maku o mochiita kankyō gijutsu. Tōkyō: Kyōritsu Shuppan, 2012.

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Basile, Angelo, and Catherine Charcosset. Integrated membrane systems and processes. Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2016.

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I, Peterkin Pearl, ed. Membrane filter food microbiology. Letchworth, Hertfordshire, England: Research Studies Press, 1988.

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Sharpe, Anthony N. Membrane filter food microbiology. Letchworth: Research Studies, 1987.

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Ehsani, Neda. A study on fractionation and ultrafiltration of proteins with characterized modified and unmodified membranes. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 1996.

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Bodzek, Michał. Studia nad otrzymywaniem, strukturą, własnościami transportowymi i zastosowaniem membran do ultrafiltracji. Gliwice: Dział Wydawnictw Politechniki Śląskiej, 1985.

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Tomaszewska, Maria. Destylacja membranowa. Szczecin: Wydawn. Uczelniane Politechniki Szczecińskiej, 1996.

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Bodzek, Michał. Membrany w biotechnologii. Gliwice: Wydawn. Politechniki Śląskiej, 1993.

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Wier, Patrick. Reverse osmosis modules and equipment. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1998.

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Park, Geriann P. Membrane technology: A new era. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Membrance filters"

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Tong, Flora, and Chikezie Nwaoha. "Filters and Membranes." In Process Plant Equipment, 81–105. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118162569.ch6.

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Vedavyasan, C. V. "Sand Filter." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1743–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_525.

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Vedavyasan, C. V. "Sand Filter." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–4. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_525-2.

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Srivastava, Anchal, Saurabh Srivastava, and Kaushik Kalaga. "Carbon Nanotube Membrane Filters." In Springer Handbook of Nanomaterials, 1099–116. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20595-8_31.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Membrane Filter Method." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 906. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14197.

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Ulbricht, Mathias. "Nanoporous Polymer Filters and Membranes, Selective Filters." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1360–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_357.

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Ulbricht, Mathias. "Nanoporous Polymer Filters and Membranes, Selective Filters." In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_357-1.

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Voigt, Ingolf, Jörg Adler, Marcus Weyd, and Ralf Kriegel. "Ceramic Filters and Membranes." In Ceramics Science and Technology, 117–67. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631940.ch53.

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Voigt, Ingolf, Jörg Adler, Marcus Weyd, and Ralf Kriegel. "Ceramic Filters and Membranes." In Ceramics Science and Technology, 117–67. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631971.ch03.

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Jornitz, Maik W. "Protein Adsorption on Membrane Filters." In Filtration and Purification in the Biopharmaceutical Industry, 191–220. Third edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, 2019. | Series: Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315164953-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Membrance filters"

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Baek, Sungchul, Robert A. Taylor, and Tracie J. Barber. "Development of a Dynamic Testing Device for Predicting the Enhanced Permeation and Retention (EPR) Effect of Different Nanoparticles in Tumor Vessels." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93075.

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A microfluidic device was developed to simulate the dynamic conditions of the transvascular transport of nanoparticles. The device utilizes a microfluidic channel, filter paper, collagen gel—which represent the blood vessel, porous vessel wall, and interstitial matrix of the tumor, respectively. By controlling these components, the fluid-dynamic conditions of the tumor blood vessels can be simulated. For the initial study, Durapore® filters with the nominal diameter of 0.22 μm and 5 mg/ml type 1 collagen gel were used. The transvascular transport parameters of the membrane for a model particle, 20 nm gold spheres, were similar to those of rabbit VX2 carcinoma model. Overall, this design allows for fundamental research into the fluid dynamic transport of particles inside different organs, cancer types and stages. To investigate the physiological conditions of cancer, future studies will include modification of the filter membranes with proteins as well as subsequent culturing of endothelial cells on the filter and tumor cells in the gel matrix. Through this device, we will be able to prescribe nanoparticle fluids for to obtain enhanced permeation and retention.
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Smith, Karl J. P., Joshua Winans, and James McGrath. "Ultrathin Membrane Fouling Mechanism Transitions in Dead-End Filtration of Protein." In ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2016-7989.

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Ultrathin membranes will likely see great utility in future membrane-based separations, but key aspects of the performance of these membranes, especially when they are used to filter protein, remain poorly understood. In this work we perform protein filtrations using new nanoporous silicon nitride (NPN) membranes. Several concentrations of protein are filtered using dead end filtration in a benchtop centrifuge, and we track fouling based on the amount of filtrate passed over time. A modification of the classic fouling model that includes the effects of using a centrifuge and allow for the visualization of a transition between pore constriction and cake filtration demonstrate that for a range of protein concentrations, cake filtration supersedes pore constriction after ∼30 seconds at 690 g.
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G. Giorges, Aklilu T., and John A. Pierson. "The Comparison of Membrane Blocking Process and Yeast Membrane Filtration Data." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66944.

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Membrane filtration systems are used in a variety of processing industries where their performance meet and exceed the requirements in cost and quality. However, it is a challenge to design a small pore-size membrane system that treats very concentrated, large-volume streams within a reasonable time period. In the processing industries, several membrane technologies are used to separate various fluid streams where the concentrate or filtrate contains high-value products. Nevertheless, pore blocking is one of the major factors determining the applicability, efficiency and performance of the membrane filtration and separation system. Inside and outside membrane pore blockages lead to concentration polarization and cake buildup that reduces the flux rate and increases losses in system efficiency. There are four pore blocking mechanisms identified and modeled (complete, standard, intermediate and cake). Several experimental and theoretical works exist that describe the pore flow and blocking process. Depending on the processing fluid and membrane characteristics, all or some of the blocking mechanisms will be exhibited during the filtration process. Understanding the fluid and membrane size and characteristics in addition to pore blocking mechanisms is very important to designing effective membrane filtration systems that overcome the drawbacks associated with membrane performance. Furthermore, developing a membrane filtration system with a target cleaning process that controls membrane performance declines and maintains a reasonable flux for an extended period of time requires understanding and identifying the cause of membrane blocking. In this study, the membrane blocking during the filtration process was investigated experimentally. The experiment was designed to simulate the characteristics of a fluid stream encountered in food processing. The higher concentration was selected to manage the experiment time as well as to address worst-case scenarios, while the lower concentrations were selected to manage the filter area reduction. Dead-end filtration of two yeast solution concentrations were filtered through two different filter areas. In addition, the dynamic tests were conducted with shear generated using an impeller operated at various rotational speeds. Several tests were performed and the filtrate volume, time, pressure and agitation rate were recorded. The volume was measured with a graduated cylinder and the time measured in seconds. The results show the membrane blocking process is significantly affected by the membrane and fluid characteristics. The plots of pore blocking models and the experimental membrane filtrate data show the dominant pore blocking observed for both filters and flow process is cake filtration. The side-by-side comparison also indicates that the dominant pore blocking mechanisms depend on time. Thus, the initial and final pore blocking may not be attributed to the same pore blocking mechanism. Although it cannot be clearly shown from the current study, some part of the experimental flux profile may also be shaped by the combined pore blocking effects.
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White, Lloyd R. "Ceramic Filters for Use at High Temperature." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-188.

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A new hot gas filter for removal of particulates upstream of gas turbines is described and compared with a device called a candle. Candle filters are made in the shape of a large test tube from ceramic materials bonded with a glassy phase. The filtering membrane is fairly thick making candles relatively heavy. A thinner filter would be easier to support, more tolerant of thermal shock, and would offer less resistance to flow. A filter of a ceramic/ceramic composite may achieve these goals and specimens are being fabricated by depositing a ceramic material on a ceramic fiber preform by chemical vapor infiltration. The ceramic matrix is silicon carbide and the ceramic fiber reinforcement is alumina-boria-silica. Progress toward filter development is described.
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Joyce, Bryan, Jacob Dodson, and Janet Wolfson. "Beam Array Designs for a Cochlea-Inspired Accelerometer for Impact Measurements." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3723.

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Limitations on neuron firing rates restrict the frequency bandwidth of many biological sensory systems. The cochlea overcomes these limitations to hear high frequency sounds through its tonotopic structure and non-synchronous sampling. The cochlea’s tapering basilar membrane serves as a filter bank decomposing an applied sound into its frequency components. Auditory hair cells produce neural impulses at the peaks in the local basilar membrane oscillations resulting in an event-driven, sub-Nyquist rate sampling strategy. These two effects extend the human hearing range to about 20 kHz despite maximum neuron firing rates of just a few hundred hertz. Inspired by this, this paper presents a concept demonstration of an accelerometer and signal compression strategy for high-rate impact events using a similar filter bank approach. A series of clamped-clamped beams will serve as analog analysis filters much like the cochlea’s basilar membrane. This paper focuses on the design and simulation of such a beam array and how the natural frequencies and damping ratios of the beams’ first modes affect measuring a broadband impact excitation.
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Sharma, B., and C. T. Sun. "Design of Acoustic Filters Using Acoustic and Elastic Resonators." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65499.

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Recently, investigators have experimentally demonstrated that high transmission loss at low frequencies can be obtained using membrane type resonators. Mass loaded membranes have been shown to produce high transmission loss at the anti-resonance frequency [1], while an array of membranes has been experimentally demonstrated to exhibit a cut-off frequency below which all waves are attenuated [2]. Also, an array of side holes on a cylindrical tube has been shown to exhibit a similar cut-off frequency [3].
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Ebert, Johannes. "Innovative New Air Pollution Control Technologies to Capture NOx, PM and Hg." In 2013 21st Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec21-2715.

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Emission regulations throughout the world continue to tighten, creating technical and economic challenges for various industries. The U.S. has proposed strict emissions limits that include mercury (Hg), particulate matter (PM) and a growing focus on NOx, while Europe is focusing more aggressively on reducing Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and PM emissions first. Innovative new technologies are being developed and introduced to meet proposed emissions levels for industries such as waste to energy facilities, Cement clinker producers and Sintering processes. Catalytically active ceramic or textile filter media have been applied over the past 15 years ensuring a simultaneous removal of PM, NOx and PCDD/F-compounds. A new textile filter type containing 2 filter bags (bag-over-bag) has recently been designed for such a multi-functional approach at elevated filter temperatures (T>170°C) where PMs are filtered on an ePTFE membrane (1st layer) and NOx is reduced by a catalytic reaction (2nd layer) with NH3 injected upstream. The separate bag construction enables the removal of the catalytic inner bag once it has been deactivated by ammonium-(bi)-sulphates. An appropriate regeneration process outside the bagfilter was developed for such new DeNOx system. The implementation of this 2-layer filter bag concept into existing Air Pollution Control (APC) systems and the catalyst management has been demonstrated on full-scale at the waste to energy facility of Acegas APS Padova (Italy). Emissions of NOx (as NO2) < 70mg/Nm3 with NH3<3mg/Nm3 with PM<0,5mg/Nm3 can be constantly achieved. The implementation of this filter bag system achieves highest energy efficiency, lowest costs for consumables when it is applied in dry sorption filters at elevated temperatures. In U.S., the strong demand for lowest Hg emission promotes innovative solutions for efficient and reliable Hg removal. Hg can be efficiently captured in a new fixed sorbent bed technology which is installed downstream the baghouse. This paper presents the innovative concepts for multi-functional filter as well as for Hg removal, showing also field data of both new technologies.
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Spagnoli, Giovanni, Frank Clement, Belay Zeleke Dilnesa, Fenghua Cao, and P. Feng. "A new waterproofing membrane for tailings ponds." In 22nd International Conference on Paste, Thickened and Filtered Tailings. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1910_08_spagnoli.

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Ceylan, M., K. Nilsen, H. Misak, and R. Asmatulu. "Development of Low Pressure Filter Testing Vessel and Analysis of Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes for Water Treatment." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62765.

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A low-pressure filtration unit incorporated with polymeric electrospun polyvinyl chloride (PVC) fiber membranes was designed and fabricated for the treatment of waste water in order to improve its quality. This custom-made pressure filter was designed according to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to characterize the electrospun membranes. In order to increase the hydrophilicity and filtration rates of PVC membranes, a lower dosage of poly (ethylene oxide) was added to the PVC solution prior to the electrospinning process. The filter was found to be well suited for the reduction of larger suspended solids, turbidity, and odor. It was demonstrated that this type of filtration membrane could be manufactured at a lower cost and not require electricity or any other external power source to achieve high flow rates. This technology could even be used to enhance the quality of tap water in many places, such as Africa. Another application could be a pre-filtration of reverse osmosis (RO) or other ultrafine filtration systems, to increase the life of the primary filter while decreasing fouling and maintenance.
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Viswanathan, S., N. Rakovec, and D. E. Foster. "Microscale Study of Ash Accumulation Process in DPF Walls Using the Diesel Exhaust Filtration Analysis (DEFA) System." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92104.

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The Diesel Exhaust Filtration Analysis (DEFA) system, developed at the University of Wisconsin – Madison Engine Research Center (ERC), was used to study diesel particulate filters at the micro scale level. Previous measurements using the system have shown that there is a considerable effect of ash accumulation on the filter permeability evolution. Also the pressure drop and loading history are dependent on the number of times a filter had been filled and regenerated. The current investigation of the ash accumulation process has been done to understand its impact on the filter wall permeability over multiple loadings. Three different PM loading conditions were tested over four consecutive loading/regeneration cycles. The pressure history and particle breakthrough for each subsequent loading and regeneration has been recorded. The measurements examine the ash penetration and accumulation for the different operating conditions and for the different number of loadings and regenerations. The results show that the PM deposition mechanism has a significant impact on the ash accumulation process especially within the filter walls. The ash deposition process appears to have a distinct wall loading stage followed by ash membrane formation.
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Reports on the topic "Membrance filters"

1

Kesavanathan, Jana, and Robert W. Doherty. Test Procedure for Removing Polystyrene Latex Microspheres from Membrane Filters. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada367979.

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2

Hess, M., and C. A. W. Di Bella. Gasification of char in a membrane filter: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5541498.

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3

Phelps, John M. Handbook for evaluation of TEM sample preparation of particles on membrane filters:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5134.

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4

Oji, L. N., M. C. Thompson, K. Peterson, C. May, and T. M. Kafka. Cesium Removal from R-Reactor Building Disassembly Basin Using 3MEmpore Web-Membrane Filter Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/303905.

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5

Guilio A. Rossi, Kenneth R. Butcher, and Stacia M. Wagner. DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A CERIA-ZIRCONIA TOUGHENED ALUMINA PROTOTYPE FILTER ELEMENT MADE OF RETICULATED CERAMIC FOAM COATED WITH A CERAMIC MEMBRANE ACTING AS BARRIER FILTER FOR FLY ASH. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/9039.

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