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Journal articles on the topic 'Membranaceus'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Denzler, Karen, Jessica Moore, Heather Harrington, Kira Morrill, Trung Huynh, Bertram Jacobs, Robert Waters, and Jeffrey Langland. "Characterization of the Physiological Response followingIn VivoAdministration ofAstragalus membranaceus." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6861078.

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The botanical,Astragalus membranaceus, is a therapeutic in traditional Chinese medicine. Limited literature exists on the overallin vivoeffects ofA. membranaceuson the human body. This study evaluates the physiological responses toA. membranaceusby measuring leukocyte, platelet, and cytokine responses as well as body temperature and blood pressure in healthy individuals after thein vivoadministration ofA. membranaceus. A dose-dependent increase in monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes was measured 8–12 hours after administration and an increase in the number of circulating platelets was seen as early as 4 hours. A dynamic change in the levels of circulating cytokines was observed, especially in interferon-γand tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-13, IL-6, and soluble IL-2R. Subjective symptoms reported by participants were similar to those typically experienced in viral type immune responses and included fatigue, malaise, and headache. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were reduced within 4 hours after administration, while body temperature mildly increased within 8 hours after administration. In general, all responses returned to baseline values by 24 hours. Collectively, these results support the role ofA. membranaceusin priming for a potential immune response as well as its effect on blood flow and wound healing.

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2

Chen, Shih-Ming, Yau-Sheng Tsai, Su-Wen Lee, Ya-Hui Liu, Shuen-Kuei Liao, Wen-Wei Chang, and Pei-Jane Tsai. "Astragalus membranaceus modulates Th1/2 immune balance and activates PPARγ in a murine asthma model." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 92, no. 5 (October 2014): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2014-0008.

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Astragalus membranaceus, a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to improve airway inflammation and asthma. The present study investigated whether A. membranaceus has immunotherapeutic effects on asthma, a chronic inflammatory mucosal disease that is associated with excess production of IgE, eosinophilia, T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. An ovalbumin (OVA)-induced, chronic inflammatory airway murine asthma model was used to examine the status of pulmonary inflammation after the administration of A. membranaceus. The IgE levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed a tendency to decrease after the administration of A. membranaceus. The number of eosinophils decreased and infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen deposition declined in lung sections after A. membranaceus administration. The RNA and protein levels of Th2 cytokines and the ratio of the GATA3/T-bet mRNA levels decreased after A. membranaceus treatment. Furthermore, the mRNA level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a nuclear hormone receptor, increased in the lung tissues of A. membranaceus–treated mice. Finally, an A. membranaceus water extract activated PPARγ activity in either human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) or A549 cells in a PPARγ-responsive element-containing luciferase reporter assay. These results indicate that A. membranaceus has an inhibitory effect on airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma through modulating the imbalanced relationship between Th1 and Th2 cytokines.

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3

LI, XIAO-LING, SU-RUI WU, CHUN-LI WANG, YUN-LI FENG, CHUN-YAN ZHAO, ZHENG-QI CHEN, JIN-FENG YU, RUI LUO, ITTHAYAKORN PROMPUTTHA, and DA-FENG SUN. "Two new species of Phyllachora (Phyllachoraceae, Phyllachorales) on bamboo from China." Phytotaxa 425, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.425.2.2.

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The genus Phyllachora is the largest genus in the family Phyllachoraceae. Phyllachora species are obligate biotrophic fungi with a tropical distribution. During our field surveys in Yunnan province of China, fifteen graminicolous Phyllachora species were collected. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU together with morphological characteristics, two new species, Phyllachora dendrocalami-membranacei sp. nov. on Dendrocalamus membranaceus and P. dendrocalami-hamiltonii sp. nov. on D. hamiltonii are described and illustrated. Phyllachora dendrocalami-membranacei is characterized by its dump-bell to ellipsoidal to ovoid ascospores (15–25 × 5–11 μm) while P. dendrocalami-hamiltoniicola is distinguished by its dump-bell to ellipsoidal ascospores (15–30 × 8–12 μm).

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4

Wang, Bin, Haimei Chen, Huiping Ma, Hui Zhang, Wanjun Lei, Wuwei Wu, Junjie Shao, et al. "Complete plastid genome of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. membranaceus." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2016.1197057.

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5

Chen, Rongfa, Hua Shao, Shiqing Lin, Jin-Jun Zhang, and Kang-Qing Xu. "Treatment with Astragalus membranaceus Produces Antioxidative Effects and Attenuates Intestinal Mucosa Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 39, no. 05 (January 2011): 879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x11009275.

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Astragalus membranaceus, also known as huang qi, a traditional Chinese medicine, is often used in formulas for deficiency of vital energy characterized by limb weakness, pale face, and dizziness. Previous studies have shown that Astragalus membranaceus could attenuate intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury induced by hemorrhagic shock in rats; however, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. Using a hemorrhagic shock rat model to examine the effect of Astragalus membranaceus on intestinal mucosa injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion, we found that treatment (20 g crude drugs/kg, i.v.) produced antioxidative effects in the intestinal mucosa of rats after ischemia-reperfusion (p < 0.05). We also found that Astragalus membranaceus could partly attenuate intestinal mucosa ischemia-reperfusion injury (chiu's score, apoptosis index p < 0.05). These results suggest that Astragalus membranaceus reduces intestinal mucosa injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats, at least in part, through its anti-oxidative effects.

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6

Tan, Xiying, Mengting Xu, Fuyan Liu, Ming Xu, Yi Yao, and Decai Tang. "Antimetastasis Effect of Astragalus membranaceus-Curcuma zedoaria via β-Catenin Mediated CXCR4 and EMT Signaling Pathway in HCT116." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (May 30, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9692350.

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Astragalus membranaceus and Curcuma zedoaria, two traditional Chinese medicines, are widely used together in colorectal cancer adjuvant treatment. Many different mechanisms should be involved in the benefit effect of Astragalus membranaceus and Curcuma zedoaria. In this study, we established that the combined extract from Astragalus membranaceus and Curcuma zedoaria (HQEZ) decreased the metastasis ability in colorectal cancer cells (HCT116, a cell line of colorectal carcinoma established from Homo sapiens) in vitro, and the treatment induced the downregulation of EMT signal and decreased CXCR4 expression and the level of β-catenin. Overexpression of CXCR4 and the administration of the agonist and inhibitor to β-catenin signal pathway were used to explore the mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus and Curcuma zedoaria in colorectal cancer treatment. The data demonstrated that HQEZ increased the phosphorylation of β-catenin which related to the degradation of β-catenin, and it induced the downregulation of EMT signal and CXCR4. It meant that the influence of β-catenin should be a key event in the antimetastasis effects of Astragalus membranaceus-Curcuma zedoaria in colorectal cancer model. These findings revealed the potential effect and mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus-Curcuma zedoaria in colorectal cancer treatment and provided insight for optimization of the usage.

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7

Abla, Merhaba, Huigai Sun, Zhuyun Li, Chunxiang Wei, Fei Gao, Yijun Zhou, and Jinchao Feng. "Identification of miRNAs and Their Response to Cold Stress in Astragalus Membranaceus." Biomolecules 9, no. 5 (May 10, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9050182.

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Astragalus membranaceus is an important medicinal plant widely cultivated in East Asia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous regulatory molecules that play essential roles in plant growth, development, and the response to environmental stresses. Cold is one of the key environmental factors affecting the yield and quality of A. membranaceus, and miRNAs may mediate the gene regulation network under cold stress in A. membranaceus. To identify miRNAs and reveal their functions in cold stress response in A. membranaceus, small RNA sequencing was conducted followed by bioinformatics analysis, and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to profile the expression of miRNAs under cold stress. A total of 168 conserved miRNAs belonging to 34 families and 14 putative non-conserved miRNAs were identified. Many miRNA targets were predicted and these targets were involved in diversified regulatory and metabolic pathways. By using qRT-PCR, 27 miRNAs were found to be responsive to cold stress, including 4 cold stress-induced and 17 cold-repressed conserved miRNAs, and 6 cold-induced non-conserved miRNAs. These cold-responsive miRNAs probably mediate the response to cold stress by regulating development, hormone signaling, defense, redox homeostasis, and secondary metabolism in A. membranaceus. These cold-corresponsive miRNAs may be used as the candidate genes in further molecular breeding for improving cold tolerance of A. membranaceus.

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8

He, Zheng-Quan, and John A. Findlay. "Constituents of Astragalus membranaceus." Journal of Natural Products 54, no. 3 (May 1991): 810–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50075a009.

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9

Zhao, Jindong, Yan Li, Ling Xin, Min Sun, Chanjuan Yu, Guobin Shi, Taotao Bao, et al. "Clinical Features and Rules of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Patients." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (July 17, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5795264.

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Objective. To analyse the clinical features of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and employ data mining technology to explore the rules of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) therapy. Methods. The clinical data of 216 patients with DPN and qi-yin deficiency syndrome were obtained, and the clinical features of the patients were assessed by cluster analysis. Relevant information was entered into the clinical diagnosis and treatment collection system, and data mining techniques were used to analyse the drug frequency, core CHM, CHM pair, and so on. Results. In this study, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and homocysteine (HCY) were closely related to the pathogenesis of DPN. Overall, 162 patients had typical DPN syndrome characteristics, and we analysed 216 prescriptions, including 182 CHM. The frequencies of prescription of Astragalus membranaceus, Ligusticum wallichii, Poria cocos, and Radix Rehmanniae were greater than 45%. A Bayesian network analysis diagram showed that the 9 most common core CHM included Astragalus membranaceus, Ligusticum wallichii, Poria cocos, atractylodes rhizome, and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. According to the association rules of CHM, Radix Ophiopogon is used for Codonopsis pilosula; Astragalus membranaceus and atractylodes rhizome for Rehmannia are also frequently used. Astragalus membranaceus and Cinnamomi Ramulus or Ligusticum wallichii and Moutan bark were highly related to a decreased Michigan Diabetic Neuropathy Score. Conclusion. HbA1c and HCY are related risk factors for DPN. Numbness is a typical syndrome characteristic. Astragalus membranaceus is a monarch CHM and is used most frequently.

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10

Tomás, Francisco, Luis Hernández, Francisco A. T. Barberán, and Federico Ferreres. "Flavonoid Glycosides from Thymus membranaceus." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 40, no. 7-8 (July 1, 1985): 583–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-7-824.

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Abstract Thymus membranaceus is an endemism of southeastern Spain, which belongs to section Pseudothymbra of genus Thymus. In this work we have achieved an investigation of the flavonoid glycosides present in the aerial parts of this plant. Among the compounds identified are the rare luteolin-7-0-β-D-xyloside, luteolin-7-0-β-D-[rhamnosyl (1→2)glucoside] and luteolin-7-0-β-D-[xylosyl (1→2)glucoside] previously not known to occur in the Labiatae.

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11

Ghedira, K., and P. Goetz. "Astragale : Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (Fabaceae)." Phytothérapie 16, no. 5 (October 2018): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2018-0069.

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12

Cheshuina, A. I. "Flavonol aglycons of Astragalus membranaceus." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 26, no. 6 (November 1990): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00630091.

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13

Hong, Tao, Long-Xue Li, Xiao-ping Han, Jing-liang Shi, Cai-yun Dan, Zhi-Yong Liu, and Xiao-Bo Wu. "Effect of Astragalus membranaceus Oral Solution on Lifespan and Learning and Memory Ability of Honey Bees." BioMed Research International 2020 (April 13, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5745048.

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In this study, the effects of Astragalus membranaceus oral solution on lifespan and learning and memory abilities of honey bees were evaluated. Two groups of bees were fed with sucrose syrup (50%) containing low dose (1.33%) and high dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus oral solution, respectively. The proboscis extension response (PER) analysis was applied to examine the learning and memory capabilities of bees. Two genes related to memory formation in honey bees were determined by real-time PCR. High dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus significantly decreased the mean lifespan of bees compared to the bees fed with low dose (1.33%) and control bees. No significant differences in lifespan of bees were found between low-dose-fed bees and control bees. The results of PER experiments showed apparent improvement in the memorizing ability of the high-dose group (in comparison with the control group). Moreover, the relative expression levels of Nmdar1 in the low-dose group and control group were significantly lower than those in the high-dose group. It is preliminarily concluded that A. membranaceus has an adverse effect on the mean lifespan of honey bees but might be helpful in strengthening memories.

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14

Pan, Ruihuan, Mingchao Zhou, Yiping Zhong, Jingping Xie, Shanshan Ling, Xialin Tang, Yan Huang, and Hongxia Chen. "The combination of Astragalus membranaceus extract and ligustrazine to improve the inflammation in rats with thrombolytic cerebral ischemia." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 33 (January 2019): 205873841986905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058738419869055.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of Astragalus membranaceus extract and ligustrazine combination on ameliorating inflammation in cerebral ischemic rats that have undergone thrombolysis. Astragalus membranaceus and ligustrazine per se, or a combination of A. membranaceus and ligustrazine was administered by intraperitoneal injection immediately after surgery and sham surgery. After the induction of thrombolysis, the neurological function was measured and cerebral lesion volume was determined. The regulatory T cells in the spleen were measured by flow cytometry. To explore the protective effects of the combination drug on the neurological function and inflammation, the expression of transcription factor Foxp3 and cytokines, including transforming growth factor beta 1, interleukin 10, interleukin 4, interleukin 1 beta, interferon gamma, interleukin 17, in damaged brain was examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cerebral lesion volume was markedly reduced in the combination drug–treated rats compared to the rats treated with either A. membranaceus or ligustrazine alone ( P < 0.05). The neurological function, regulatory T cells, transcription factor Foxp3, transforming growth factor beta 1, interleukin 10, and interleukin 4 were markedly elevated in the rats treated with combination drugs ( P < 0.05). The expression of interleukin 1 beta, interferon gamma, and interleukin 17 was reduced in the rats treated with combination drug therapy ( P < 0.05). Treatment with a combination of A. membranaceus and ligustrazine can ameliorate inflammation after thrombolysis and regulate the related cytokines by elevating the expression of endogenous regulatory T cells.

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15

Auyeung, Kathy K., Quan-Bin Han, and Joshua K. Ko. "Astragalus membranaceus: A Review of its Protection Against Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Cancers." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 44, no. 01 (January 2016): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x16500014.

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Astragalus membranaceus is a major medicinal herb commonly used in many herbal formulations in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat a wide variety of diseases and body disorders. Among its diversified clinical applications, the potential use of this herb and its chemical constituents in treatments of inflammatory diseases and cancers has been actively investigated in recent years. Astragalus-based treatments have demonstrated significant amelioration of the toxicity induced by other concurrently administered orthodox drugs (e.g., immunosuppressants and cancer chemotherapeutics). The major components of Astragalus membranaceus are polysaccharides, flavonoids, and saponins. Contemporary use of Astragalus membranaceus mainly focuses on its immunomodulating, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory, as well as anticancer effects. In this paper, we summarize the properties of Astragalus membranaceus and its major constituents in the biological system based on experimental and clinical studies. The antitumorigenic mechanisms of a novel Astragalus saponins extract called AST in treating various gastrointestinal cancers are highlighted. We discuss in detail how the Astragalus herb and AST influence the immune system, modulate various cancer signaling pathways, and interact with specific transcription molecules during protection against gastrointestinal inflammation and cancers. This information could help clinicians and scientists develop novel target-specific and effective therapeutic agents that are deprived of major systemic side effects, so as to establish a better treatment regimen in the battle against inflammatory diseases and cancers of the gut.

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16

Sheng, Zhili, Junmei Liu, and Bao Yang. "Structure Differences of Water Soluble Polysaccharides in Astragalus membranaceus Induced by Origin and Their Bioactivity." Foods 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081755.

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Astragalus membranaceus is a functional food with multiple bioactivities. It presents differentiated health benefits due to origins. Polysaccharides (APS) are the leading bioactive macromolecules of A. membranaceus, which are highly related to its health benefits. However, the effect of origin on the structural characteristics of APSs remains unclear. In this work, polysaccharides from four origins were isolated and identified by NMR. The results showed APSs of four origins had identical monosaccharide composition and glycosidic linkage. Rhamnogalacturonan II pectins and α-(1→4)-glucan were the dominant polysaccharides. However, the level of methyl ester in pectins varied to a large extent. The molecular weight profiles of APSs were also different. Inner Mongolia APS had the largest percentage of 20–40 kDa polysaccharides. Molecular weight and methyl ester level were two important parameters determining the difference of APSs from four origins. These results were helpful to recognize the origin-related quality of A. membranaceus.

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17

Zarzuelo, A., C. Navarro, M. E. Crespo, M. A. Ocete, J. Jiménez, and J. Cabo. "Spasmolytic activity ofThymus membranaceus essential oil." Phytotherapy Research 1, no. 3 (September 1987): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650010304.

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18

Du, Cheng, Wendy L. Applequist, Peiliang Liu, and Jinshuang Ma. "(2431) Proposal to conserve the name Astragalus membranaceus Fisch. ex Bunge against A. membranaceus Moench (Leguminosae)." Taxon 65, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 392–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/652.24.

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19

Lee, Dahae, Da Lee, Sungyoul Choi, Jin Lee, Dae Jang, and Ki Kang. "Identification and Isolation of Active Compounds from Astragalus membranaceus that Improve Insulin Secretion by Regulating Pancreatic β-Cell Metabolism." Biomolecules 9, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9100618.

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In type 2 diabetes (T2D), insufficient secretion of insulin from the pancreatic β-cells contributes to high blood glucose levels, associated with metabolic dysregulation. Interest in natural products to complement or replace existing antidiabetic medications has increased. In this study, we examined the effect of Astragalus membranaceus extract (ASME) and its compounds 1–9 on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells. ASME and compounds 1–9 isolated from A. membranaceus stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells without inducing cytotoxicity. A further experiment showed that compounds 2, 3, and 5 enhanced the phosphorylation of total insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt, and activated pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), which are associated with β-cell function and insulin secretion. The data suggest that two isoflavonoids (2 and 3) and a nucleoside (compound 5), isolated from the roots of A. membranaceus, have the potential to improve insulin secretion in β-cells, representing the first step towards the development of potent antidiabetic drugs.

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20

Wu, Yiying, Xing Zhang, Zhengzhao Li, Haibiao Yan, Jian Qin, and Tianyu Li. "Formononetin inhibits human bladder cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness via regulation of miR-21 and PTEN." Food & Function 8, no. 3 (2017): 1061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fo01535b.

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21

Zhang, Qianqian, and Xianghua Huang. "The modulatory properties of Astragalus membranaceus treatment on endometrial cancer: an integrated pharmacological method." PeerJ 9 (August 24, 2021): e11995. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11995.

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Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional Chinese medicine and has been used for adjuvant clinical therapy for a variety of cancers. However, the mechanism of its action on endometrial carcinoma is unclear. Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database (TCMSP™), the drug and target compounds were initially screened to construct a common network module. Twenty active compounds in Astragalus membranaceus were successfully identified, which hit by 463 potential targets related to endometrial cancer. Eight of the more highly predictive compounds (such as Jaranol, Bifendate, Isorhamnetin, Calycosin, 7-O-methylisomucronulatol, Formononetin, Kaempferol, Quercetin) were involved in DNA integrity checkpoint, cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex, and histone kinase activity. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway confirmed that Astragalus membranaceus might play a role in the treatment of endometrial cancer through p53 signalling pathway, transcriptional misregulation in cancer, and endometrial cancer signalling pathway. Drug-target-pathway networks were constructed using Cytoscape to provide a visual perspective. In addition, we verified that formononetin inhibited the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells through cell viability tests and clone formation tests. And qPCR and western blot found that formononetin exerts anti-cancer effects by promoting the expression of estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and p53. Based on a systematic network pharmacology approach, our works successfully predict the active ingredients and potential targets of Astragalus membranaceus for application to endometrial cancer and helps to illustrate mechanism of action on a comprehensive level.

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22

Chen, Xiao-yang, Hong-fei Han, Zhen-yan He, and Xue-gong Xu. "Immune Mechanism, Gene Module, and Molecular Subtype Identification of Astragalus Membranaceus in the Treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy: An Integrated Bioinformatics Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (September 14, 2021): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2252832.

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Astragalus membranaceus has complex components as a natural drug and has multilevel, multitarget, and multichannel effects on dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the immune mechanism, gene module, and molecular subtype of astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of DCM are still not revealed. Microarray information of GSE84796 was downloaded from the GEO database, including RNA sequencing data of seven normal cardiac tissues and ten DCM cardiac tissues. A total of 4029 DCM differentially expressed genes were obtained, including 1855 upregulated genes and 2174 downregulated genes. GO/KEGG/GSEA analysis suggested that the activation of T cells and B cells was the primary cause of DCM. WGCNA was used to obtain blue module genes. The blue module genes are primarily ADCY7, BANK1, CD1E, CD19, CD38, CD300LF, CLEC4E, FLT3, GPR18, HCAR3, IRF4, LAMP3, MRC1, SYK, and TLR8, which successfully divided DCM into three molecular subtypes. Based on the CIBERSORT algorithm, the immune infiltration profile of DCM was analyzed. Many immune cell subtypes, including the abovementioned immune cells, showed different levels of increased infiltration in the myocardial tissue of DCM. However, this infiltration pattern was not obviously correlated with clinical characteristics, such as age, EF, and sex. Based on network pharmacology and ClueGO, 20 active components of Astragalus membranaceus and 40 components of DMCTGS were obtained from TCMSP. Through analysis of the immune regulatory network, we found that Astragalus membranaceus effectively regulates the activation of immune cells, such as B cells and T cells, cytokine secretion, and other processes and can intervene in DCM at multiple components, targets, and levels. The above mechanisms were verified by molecular docking results, which confirmed that AKT1, VEGFA, MMP9, and RELA are promising potential targets of DCM.

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23

Bayor, Marcel T., John S. K. Ayim, Gemma Marston, Roger M. Phillips, Steven D. Shnyder, Richard T. Wheelhouse, and Colin W. Wright. "A Cytotoxic Diterpenoid from Croton Membranaceus, the Major Constituent of Anticancer Herbal Formulations Used in Ghana." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 11 (November 2008): 1934578X0800301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800301116.

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Croton membranaceus is used by herbalists and traditional healers in Ghana for the management of various cancers, especially prostate cancers. A methanolic extract of the roots showed cytotoxic activities against two cancer cell lines, and bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract revealed that the cytotoxic activity resided mostly in the ethyl acetate fraction. Six compounds were isolated from this fraction, including a new furano-clerodane diterpenoid (1), for which the trivial name crotomembranafuran is suggested. This compound exhibited an IC50 value of 4.1 μg/mL (10.6 μM) against human prostate (PC-3) cells, providing some support for the traditional use of C. membranaceus in the treatment of cancers.

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24

Durazzo, Alessandra, Amirhossein Nazhand, Massimo Lucarini, Amelia M. Silva, Selma B. Souto, Fabrizia Guerra, Patricia Severino, Massimo Zaccardelli, Eliana B. Souto, and Antonello Santini. "Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus Bunge): botanical, geographical, and historical aspects to pharmaceutical components and beneficial role." Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 32, no. 3 (June 18, 2021): 625–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-021-01003-2.

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AbstractMedicinal plants always are part of folk medicine and are nowadays receiving worldwide attention for prophylaxis, management, and treatment of several diseases, as an alternative to chemical drugs. The current work provided a comprehensive overview and analysis of the Astragalus and health relationship in literature. The analysis of their therapeutic potential is thus instrumental to understand their bioactivity. Among these, the flowering medicinal plant Astragalus membranaceus has raised interest due to several beneficial health effects. This perspective review discussed the botanical, geographical, historical, and the therapeutic properties of A. membranaceus, with a special focus on its health improving effects and medicinal applications both in vitro and in vivo. Graphic abstract

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25

Ferreres, Federico, Francisco A. T. Barberan, and Francisco Tomas. "5,6,4′-trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone from Thymus membranaceus." Phytochemistry 24, no. 8 (January 1985): 1869–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)82579-0.

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26

Aboagye, F. A., G. H. Sam, G. Massiot, and C. Lavaud. "Julocrotine, a glutarimide alkaloid from Croton membranaceus." Fitoterapia 71, no. 4 (August 2000): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00141-6.

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27

Rawat, M. M. S., and R. C. Thapliyal. "Storage behaviour of bamboo (Dendrocalamus membranaceus) seeds." Seed Science and Technology 31, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2003.31.2.16.

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Liu, Wei, Jing Chen, Wen Jian Zuo, Xian Li, and Jin Hui Wang. "A new isoflavane from processed Astragalus membranaceus." Chinese Chemical Letters 18, no. 9 (September 2007): 1092–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cclet.2007.07.036.

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Pu, Xiu Ying, Heng Rui Wang, Wen Bo Fan, and Shuang Yu. "Preparation of Guiqi Polysaccharide and Antioxidant Activity In Vitro." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.539.

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Polysaccharide extracts (ASP, AMP and GQP) were obtained by water extraction and ethyl alcohol deposition method from Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus and the mixture of Angelicasinensis and Astragalus membranaceus. And the total carbohydrate content of AMP, ASP and GQP was respectively determined to be 63.1%, 48.7% and 76.7% by phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method using glucose as the standard. The in vitro antioxidant activities of 3 polysaccharides were evaluated by free radical, superoxide radicals and DPPH free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Among 3 polysaccharides, GQP showed the highest antioxidant activity in vitro at 100-300 μg/mL. These results indicated that the GQP might be useful for developing natural safe antiaging drugs or health food.

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Jiang, ZhongYu, and Zhen Mao. "Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) alleviates the malignant biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway." RSC Advances 9, no. 61 (2019): 35473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05933d.

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Kim, Yeon Rok, Kyoung Ah Lee, Se-Ri Kim, Won-Il Kim, Song Hee Ryu, Jae-gee Ryu, and Hwang-Yong Kim. "Microbial Hazard Analysis of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge for the Good Agricultural Practices." Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety 29, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13103/jfhs.2014.29.3.181.

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Alekseeva, Elena Valentinovna, and Petr Veniaminovich Alekseev. "ON THE ISSUE OF FORMATION OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNDERGROUND ORGANS IN ONTOGENY." Samara Journal of Science 4, no. 2 (June 15, 2015): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20152101.

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Ecological and biological assessment and research at the population level securities flora are most relevant. From this point of view, of great scientific and practical interest Astragalus propinquus Schischk. This paper presents a synthesis to identify the characteristics of development in ontogenesis and formation of the morphological structure in perennial herbaceous polycarpic A.propinquus and his vicar species A. membranaceus and A. mongholicus. Is closely related species cemeystva Fabaceae genus Astragalus. These species are among the 50 basic medicinal plant resources of traditional Tibetan and Chinese medicine. We have studied the structure and age structure of populations of Astragalus propinguus, A. membranaceus, state of populations and features of morphogenesis A.mongholicus in Northern Mongolia. By life form species belong to many-headed longrod grassy polycarpic with monocarpic shoots elongated type, consistently developing and replacing each other; hemicryptophytes. In the ontogeny of the species studied clearly distinguished 4 periods: latent, pregenerativny, generative and postgenerativny. The ten states of age: seeds (se), the seedlings (p), juvenile (j), immature (im), virginal (v), the young generative (g1), srednegenerativnye (g2), the old generative (g3), subsenilnye (ss ) and senile (s). Ontogeny complete simple. Thus, the morphological structure of the underground organs A.propinquus, A. membranaceus and A. mongholicus formed sequentially, there are four stages of formation: predkaudeksnogo development, formation obratnokonusovidnoy forms caudex, forming razvalistoy forms caudex and particulation with incomplete separation caudex, which corresponds to four periods ontogeny.

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Cheng, Kur-Ta, Borcherng Su, Chien-Tsu Chen, and Chun-Ching Lin. "RAPD Analysis of Astragalus Medicines Marketed in Taiwan." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 28, no. 02 (January 2000): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x00000325.

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The genetic variability of Astragalus medicine materials sold by twenty randomly selected stores in Taiwan was investigated using RAPD analysis in order to obtain available primers which could clearly differentiate among them. Total DNA isolated from the rhizomes of the samples were used as templates, and sixty 10 mer arbitrary primers were used in the analysis. The aim of the present study is to construct an identification model of molecular biotechniques applicable to Chinese herbal medicines in RAPD analysis. Three of the primers, OPT-03, OPT-13, and OPT-17, revealed polymorphic RAPD fingerprints among the samples of Astragalus membranaceus, and between Astragalus membranaceus and Hedysarum polybotrys samples. SSCP analysis was also conducted on PCR products from the ITS-1 region of ribosomal DNA in order to differentiate the two species.

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Lee, Dae-Young, Hyung-Jun Noh, Jehun Choi, Kyeong-Hee Lee, Min-Ho Lee, Ji-Hyun Lee, Yoonpyo Hong, Seung-Eun Lee, Seung-Yu Kim, and Geum-Soog Kim. "Anti-Inflammatory Cycloartane-Type Saponins of Astragalus membranaceus." Molecules 18, no. 4 (March 25, 2013): 3725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules18043725.

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Kim, Seung-Hyun, Yoon-Mi Jun, Ju-Jin Lim, Sung-Hyop Kim, Ill-Min Chung, and Eun-Hye Kim. "Variation of Astragalosides Contents in Cultivated Astragalus membranaceus." Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 20, no. 5 (October 30, 2012): 372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7783/kjmcs.2012.20.5.372.

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Jeon, Young Jin, Sang Pil Yoon, Ho Jin You, and In Youb Chang. "iNOS Induction by Polysaccharide Isolated from Astragalus membranaceus." Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology 18, no. 2 (2005): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.11637/kjpa.2005.18.2.131.

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Hirotani, Masao, Yu Zhou, Hekai Lui, and Tsutomu Furuya. "Astragalosides from hairy root cultures of Astragalus membranaceus." Phytochemistry 36, no. 3 (June 1994): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(00)89793-9.

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Hong, C. Y., J. Ku, and P. Wu. "Astragalus Membranaceus Stimulates Human Sperm Motility In Vitro." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 20, no. 03n04 (January 1992): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x92000308.

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Poor sperm motility is an important cause of male infertility. In an attempt to identify Chinese medicinal herbs that might improve human sperm motility in vitro, we screened water extracts of 18 herbs with a trans-membrane migration method which measured the percentage of sperm that moved across the 5 micron pores of a Nuclepore membrane from a semen-drug mixture into phosphate buffered saline during 2 hours incubation. Astragalus membranaceus was the only herb that showed a significant stimulatory effect. At 10 mg/ml, it increased the motility of sperm in semen to 146.6 ± 22.6 % of control. It also increased the motility of washed sperm to 138.2 ± 13.8% of control. Purification of the active component(s) from this herb as well as its application in assisted reproduction technology await further investigation.

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Huang, Hao, Shuang‐hui Luo, De‐chun Huang, Shu‐jie Cheng, Chong‐jiang Cao, and Gui‐tang Chen. "Immunomodulatory activities of proteins from Astragalus membranaceus waste." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 99, no. 8 (March 21, 2019): 4174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9650.

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Lee, Kun Yeong, and Young Jin Jeon. "Macrophage activation by polysaccharide isolated from Astragalus membranaceus." International Immunopharmacology 5, no. 7-8 (July 2005): 1225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2005.02.020.

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Asare, George A., A. Sittie, K. Bugyei, Ben A. Gyan, Samuel Adjei, Phyllis Addo, Edwin K. Wiredu, Alex K. Nyarko, Lydia S. Otu-Nyarko, and David Nana Adjei. "Acute toxicity studies of Croton membranaceus root extract." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 134, no. 3 (April 2011): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.004.

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Zhang, Hongchi, Rui Liu, and Feng Zhou. "Chaetoglobosins in Endophytic Chaetomium sp. from Astragalus membranaceus." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 57, no. 2 (March 2021): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-021-03374-2.

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Lee, Kwang-Jae, Min-Hee Park, Yu-Hwa Park, Sang-Hyun Lim, Kyung-Hee Kim, Young-Guk Kim, Young-Sup Ahn, and Hee-Yeon Kim. "Antioxidant Activity and Nitric Oxide Production of Ethanol Extracts from Astragali membranaceus Bunge and A. membranaceus Bunge var mongholicus Hisiao." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 40, no. 12 (December 31, 2011): 1793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.12.1793.

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Hong, C. Y., Y. C. Lo, F. C. Tan, Y. H. Wei, and C. F. Chen. "Astragalus Membranaceus and Polygonum Multijlorum Protect Rat Heart Mitochondria Against Lipid Peroxidation." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 22, no. 01 (January 1994): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x94000085.

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We isolated rat heart mitochondria and induced lipid peroxidation with ADP and FeSO4.Oxygen consumption and MDA formation were measured for quantitating the amount of lipid peroxidation. Using these methods, we screened the water extracts of 14 Chinese medicinal herbs for their effect on lipid peroxidation. It was found that Astragalus membranaceus inhibited 42.1 ± 3.4% of oxygen consumption and 39.8 ± 3.2% of MDA production at concentration of 2 mg dried herb/ml mitochondrial suspension. At the same concentration, Polygonum multijlorum inhibited 52.1 ± 7.3% of oxygen consumption and 50.9 ± 5.3% of MDA production. Other herbs did not inhibit lipid peroxidation to 50% of control at concentration up to 6 mg dried herb/ml mitochondrial suspension. Purification and identification of the active component(s) in Astragalus membranaceus and Polygonum multijlorum as well as their clinical application await further studies.

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Дашинамжилов, Ж. Б. "ПРОТИВОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ СУХОГО ЭКСТРАКТА ASTRAGALUS MEMBRANACEUS (FABACEAE), "Растительные ресурсы"." �� , no. 3 (2018): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7868/s0033994618030084.

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Экстракт сухой из Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge при введении крысам линии Wistar в экспериментально-терапевтической дозе 100 мг/кг при остром асептическом воспалении проявил антиальтеративное, антиэкссудативное действие и снижал дегрануляцию тучных клеток. Указанные эффекты свидетельствуют о наличии у испытуемого фитоэкстракта выраженной противовоспалительной и ранозаживляющей активности.

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QIN, DAO-ZHENG, and YA-LIN ZHANG. "Revision of the Chinese species of the leafhopper genus Dayus Mahmood(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Empoascini), with description of three new species." Zootaxa 1624, no. 1 (October 29, 2007): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1624.1.4.

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The Chinese sepcies of the typhlocybine genus Dayus Mahmood are revised. A total of five species, including three new species—lii n.sp, lamellatus n.sp and membranaceus n.sp from Fujian Province are described, and a key to Chinese Dayus species is included.

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Bai, Hai-Ying, Wen-Hui Zheng, Shu Han, Fang Bao, Li-Li Sun, Kai-Xue Zhang, Li-Yao Wang, et al. "Metabolomic Determination of Specialized Metabolites Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in the Traditional Chinese Medicines Astragali Radix and Hedysari Radix." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 1 (January 2020): 1934578X1990119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19901192.

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The Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) Astragali Radix (AR) derived from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao and A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge., and Hedysari Radix (HR) derived from Hedysarum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz. (family Leguminosae) are well-known for increasing the tonic effects on “Qi.” A better insight into the specialized (secondary) metabolites is essential to understand the effects of TCM; however, such metabolites remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a metabolomics-based analysis using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 3 plant tissues—periderm, phloem, and xylem—to identify potential bioactive metabolites. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed 29 metabolites showing a significant difference between groups and 10 biomarker candidates of AR and HR. An anti-inflammatory assay showed that the xylem of both AR and HR and the phloem of HR showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than the positive control quercetin in terms of nitric oxide inhibition.

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Santoro, Valentina, Valentina Parisi, Massimiliano D’Ambola, Chiara Sinisgalli, Magnus Monné, Luigi Milella, Rosario Russo, Lorella Severino, Alessandra Braca, and Nunziatina De Tommasi. "Chemical Profiling of Astragalus membranaceus Roots (Fish.) Bunge Herbal Preparation and Evaluation of Its Bioactivity." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 5 (May 2020): 1934578X2092415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20924152.

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Astragalus membranaceus (Fish.) Bunge is a perennial herb distributed in the northern part of China, and its roots, namely, Hang qi, are included as a natural ingredient in dietary supplement formulations commonly used to treat different disorders such as respiratory infections, diabetes, and heart failure. The availability of a simple method for the determination of the quality of Astragalus herbal preparations could be a challenging issue for commercial purposes. In this study, a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS)/MS based approach was used to characterize specialized metabolite recovery of 3 commercial hydroalcoholic extracts of A. membranaceus (AMG1, AMG2, AMG3) in addition to a hydroalcoholic extract of A. membranaceus root (AST). The hypoglycemic effect, cholinesterase inhibition, and antioxidant activities were also evaluated. Thirty-one compounds, of which 19 polyphenols and 12 saponins, were identified. The extracts were also quantified by using a sensitive and selective Q-Trap system for their content in flavonoids and astragalosides, selecting astragaloside I and IV as chemical markers. From our results, AMG3 preparation (Axtragyl) was the most abundant in terms of both specialized classes of metabolites, showing a fingerprint similar to that of AST. Interestingly, tested enzyme inhibition ability of flavonoids, daidzein (11) and formononetin (19), reported a higher α-glucosidase inhibition in comparison with that of acarbose used as positive control. The in silico study clarified the interactions among the molecules and the importance of having a free hydroxy group. Moreover, Axtragyl was able to exert protective effects in Caco-2 cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, confirming its ability as a potential protective agent in intestinal injury.

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Liu, Jiquan, Jin Cai, Runli He, and Xichun Zhang. "Influences of Funneliformis mosseae on the photosynthetic parameters and active secondary metabolites contents of Astragalus membranaceus and Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus." ScienceAsia 45, no. 4 (2019): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2019.45.324.

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Li, Yuan, Sheng Guo, Yue Zhu, Hui Yan, Da-Wei Qian, Han-Qing Wang, Jian-Qiang Yu, and Jin-Ao Duan. "Comparative analysis of twenty-five compounds in different parts of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus and Astragalus membranaceus by UPLC-MS/MS." Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 9, no. 6 (December 2019): 392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2019.06.002.

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