Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Membranaceus'
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Wang, Meili Shannon Dennis Alan. "Cultivation practices for Astragalus membranaceus in the southeastern United States." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1640.
Full textWatson, Robert James. "Isolation and characterisation of the potential immunomodulatory principles from Astragalus membranaceus." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004786/.
Full textLiu, Jing. "Comparative study on the chemical constituents and bioactivity between radix astragali and radix hedysari." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1401.
Full textBayor, M. T., J. S. K. Ayim, G. Marston, Roger M. Phillips, Steven D. Shnyder, Richard T. Wheelhouse, and Colin W. Wright. "A cytotoxic diterpenoid from Croton membranaceus, the major constituent of anticancer herbal formulations in Ghana." Natural Product Communications Inc, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4543.
Full textCroton membranaceus is used by herbalists and traditional healers in Ghana for the management of various cancers, especially prostate cancers. A methanolic extract of the roots showed cytotoxic activities against two cancer cell lines, and bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract revealed that the cytotoxic activity resided mostly in the ethyl acetate fraction. Six compounds were isolated from this fraction, including a new furano-clerodane diterpenoid (1), for which the trivial name crotomembranafuran is suggested. This compound exhibited an IC50 value of 4.1 microgram/mL (10.6 microM) against human prostate (PC-3) cells, providing some support for the traditional use of C. membranaceus in the treatment of cancers
Tin, Man Ying. "Study of the anticarcinogenic mechanisms of astragalus membranaceus in colon cancer cells and tumor xenograft." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2006. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/777.
Full textLiu, Wing-yee, and 廖穎宜. "Effects of bioactive constituents of Astragalus membranaceus on the proliferation of colon cancer and endothelial cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206745.
Full textpublished_or_final_version
Pharmacology and Pharmacy
Master
Master of Philosophy
Deng, Ruixia, and 邓瑞霞. "Astragaloside IV promotes haematopoiesis and enhances cytokines release by mesenchymal stromal cells mediated immune regulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/198839.
Full textpublished_or_final_version
Chinese Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Law, Pui Ching. "Study of the modulating effects of Astragalus saponins on tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness in colon cancer cells." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1156.
Full textWei, Lai, and 魏来. "Induction of LTB4 12-hydroxydehydrogenase (LTB4DH) by Radix Astragali and Radix Paeoniae Rubra: a study of theactive compounds and related biological functions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44683443.
Full text周穎茵. "黃芪多糖的化學組成及其對免疫系統調節作用的探討." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/453.
Full textWong, Daniella Pui Kwan. "Investigation of the role of GRP78 and the potential therapeutic use of radix astragali in diabetic complications." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1546.
Full textZhang, Zhu. "Exploration of the anticancer mechanisms of novel chemotherapeutic adjuvants involving autophagy and immune system reprogramming in the treatment of pancreatic cancer." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/755.
Full textPinheiro, Fernandes Mariana. "Purificação, caracterização e aplicação biotecnológica da(s) lectina(s) presente(s) em Bauhinia membranacea Benth." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2006. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2013.
Full textLectinas são proteínas ou glicoproteínas de origem não-imune que se ligam bioespecificamente a carboidratos, com capacidade de aglutinar células de forma reversível. Folhas de plantas do gênero Bauhinia têm ampla utilização na medicina popular com propriedades ditas hipoglicemiantes e diuréticas. Diversos extratos de folhas de Bauhinia membranacea Benth demonstraram a presença de lectina, indicada pela atividade hemaglutinante (AH). O objetivo deste trabalho foi a purificação da lectina de folhas de B. membranacea (BmeLL) e sua imobilização em Sepharose CL-4B para isolar glicoproteínas. Um extrato escolhido (10 %, p/v) foi preparado em tampão citrato fosfato 10 mM, pH 6,5, contendo cloreto de sódio 0,15 M (tampão selecionado), por 16 h, a 4 oC. O extrato foi tratado com sulfato de amônio e a fração 0-80 % (F0-80%) foi selecionada para realização dos experimentos de purificação devido à maior AH específica (AHE). Cromatografia em coluna de gel de guar foi feita para purificar a lectina; a matriz foi equilibrada com cloreto de sódio 0,15 M. Eluição da proteína foi feita com hidróxido de sódio 0,02 M, pH 11. SDS-PAGE (8,5 %, p/v) revelou a pureza de BmeLL. A lectina aglutinou a títulos altos eritrócitos de coelho e humanos e não foi estimulada em presença de íons (Ca++, Mg++). BmeLL apresentou melhor AHE com tampão citrato fosfato 10 mM, pH 6.0, contendo cloreto de sódio 0,15 M. Teste de temperatura revelou que BmeLL é uma lectina termoestável. O perfil cromatográfico em gel filtração numa coluna de Sephacryl S- 300 mostrou um pico protéico principal. Caseína, fetuína, asocaseína, asialofetuína e tiroglobulina aboliram a atividade da lectina. BmeLL imobilizada em Sepharose CL-4B foi eficiente para ligar avidina e tiroglobulina como também, glicoproteínas da clara do ovo e tireóide de porco. Preparações contendo BmeLL serão utilizadas em ensaios biológicos que permitam avaliar seu papel como agente hipoglicemiante; BmeLL purificada será utilizada para caracterizar superfícies celulares
Sahpaz, Sevser. "Etude chimique et biologique des acétogènines des graines d'"Annona senegalensis" et de "Rollinia membranacea" (Annonaceae)/ Sevser Sahpaz." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA114809.
Full textJoseph-Angélique, Josianny. "Contribution a la connaissance chimique et valorisation biologique de nectandra membranacea (swartz) grisebach de Guadeloupe." Thesis, Antilles, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANTI0006/document.
Full textNectandra membranacea (Lauraceae) is a very common plant in the French West Indies. No traditional use of this plant is known, but the genus Nectandra, which represents the second most important of Lauraceae family with 114 recognized species, has got analgesic, anti-inflammatory and energizing activities (Le Quesne et al 1980). Nectandra was also identified as a potential antitumor agent (Silva-Filho, 2004). Many properties of the genus, and some chemical knowledge of this species, have prompted us to perform phytochemical and biological study of different parts of the plant. Lipids and the main classes of secondary metabolites (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids) were investigated in leaves, bark and fruits of Nectandra membranacea. To determine the monitoring changes in the chemical composition, according to the life cycle of the plant, the study was carried out on samples (leaves, bark and fruits) harvested at two stages of the cycle plant : germination (stage A) and fruit stage (stage B). N. membranacea, thanks to the presence of many chemical families, has interesting biological activities. Essential oils have shown anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities. They revealed antiviral activity on the herpes virus. The polyphenolic extracts from different parts of the plant showed a high antioxidant activity (ORAC and DPPH tests) and in vitro (healthy cells) and significant anti-inflammatory properties. The total alkaloids extracted from the three parts were evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease and were found to have very good protective effects, especially the leaves’ extracts collected during germination. This work has expanded knowledge of the essential oil of the species (composition of several parts and biological activity). Flavonoids have been identified, but the plant was shown to be particularly rich in alkaloids (fifteen were identified) of indolic and isoquinolic type. N. membranacea presents many properties. In view of its interesting biological activities, it could be used for many drugs but also in cosmetic area
Friedrich, Esther Maria [Verfasser]. "Charakterisierung und biologische Testung cyanobakterieller Exopolysaccharide von Arthrospira platensis, Gloeothece membranacea und Phormidium spec. / Esther Maria Friedrich." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043687238/34.
Full textAlmourabit, Ali. "Isolement et étude structurale de nouveaux diterpènes de l'alcyonaire Xénia membranaceaSynthèse stéréosélective de dérives amino-2' imidazoliques." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112033.
Full text"Immunomodulatory and anti-tumour activities of Astragalus membranaceus." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886879.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.
Includes bibliographical references.
Acknowledgements --- p.I
Table of Contents --- p.II
Abbreviations --- p.VII
Aim and Scope of This Dissertation --- p.X
Abstract --- p.XII
Chapter Chapter One --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- An Overview of the Immune System --- p.1
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Humoral antibody immune responses --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Cell-mediated immune responses --- p.3
Chapter 1.2 --- Immunomodulation --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- An Overview of the Anti-tumour Strategies --- p.6
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Immunological defense mechanisms against tumours --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- T and B lymphocytes --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- The monocytes/macrophages --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Non-specific killer cells --- p.10
Chapter 1.3.2 --- Adoptive immunotherapy against tumours --- p.11
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Induction of tumour cell differentiation --- p.12
Chapter 1.4 --- Traditional Chinese Medicines as Potential Immunomodulators and Anti-tumour Agents --- p.13
Chapter 1.5 --- General Properties of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.16
Chapter Chapter Two --- Materials and Methods --- p.20
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.1 --- Animals --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.2 --- Astragalus membranaceus --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Buffers, culture media and chemicals" --- p.20
Chapter 2.1.4 --- Cell lines --- p.25
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Extraction and fractionation of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.28
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Characterization of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.32
Chapter 2.2.3 --- In vivo drug treatment --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.4 --- Isolation and preparation of cells --- p.34
Chapter 2.2.5 --- Assays for the immunomodulatory activities of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.36
Chapter 2.2.6 --- Assays for the immunorestorative properties of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.7 --- Assays for the anti-tumour activities of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.43
Chapter 2.2.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.47
Chapter Chapter Three --- "Extraction, Fractionation and Characterization of Bioactive Components from Astragalus membranaceus" --- p.49
Introduction --- p.49
Results --- p.50
Chapter 3.1 --- Extraction and Fractionation of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.50
Chapter 3.2 --- Lack of Cytotoxicity of A.M. to Mouse Splenocytes --- p.51
Chapter 3.3 --- Mitogenic Effect of A.M. Fractions on Mouse Splenocytes --- p.51
Chapter 3.4 --- AP and AI Fractions Did Not Exhibit Lectin-like Activity --- p.52
Chapter 3.5 --- Heat Stability of AP and AI Fractions --- p.52
Chapter 3.6 --- Chemical Destruction of the Mitogenic Activity of AI by Sodium Periodate But Not by Acetic Acid Treatment --- p.53
Discussion --- p.54
Chapter Chapter Four --- The Immunomodulatory Activities of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.63
Introduction --- p.63
Results --- p.65
Chapter 4.1 --- Effect of Astragalus membranaceus on the Specific and Nonspecific Immunity --- p.65
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Mitogenic effect of AI on mouse splenocytes in vivo --- p.65
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Effect of AI on lymphocyte sub-populations --- p.66
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Co-mitogenic effect of AI on mouse splenocytes in vitro --- p.66
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Enhancement of the mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation in vitro by oral administration of AI --- p.67
Chapter 4.1.5 --- Mitogenic and co-mitogenic effects of AI on human cord blood lymphocytes in vitro --- p.67
Chapter 4.1.6 --- Primary humoral immune response to SRBC in AI-treated mice --- p.68
Chapter 4.1.7 --- Effect of AI on interleukin-2 production --- p.68
Chapter 4.1.8 --- Effect of AI on interleukin-2 receptor expression on mouse splenocytes --- p.69
Chapter 4.1.9 --- Immunopotentiating effects of AI on macrophage functions --- p.70
Chapter 4.1.9.1 --- Effect of AI on the cytostatic activity of macrophages in vitro --- p.70
Chapter 4.1.9.2 --- In vivo migration and phagocytic activity of macrophages in AI-treated mice --- p.70
Chapter 4.1.9.3 --- Cytostatic activity of macrophages in AI-treated mice --- p.71
Chapter 4.1.9.4 --- Effect of AI on the Fc receptor expression on mouse resident peritoneal exudate cells --- p.71
Chapter 4.2 --- Immunorestorative Properties of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Effect of AI on lymphocyte blastogenesis in aging mice --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Effect of AI on lymphocyte blastogenesis in tumour-bearing mice --- p.72
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Effect of AI on lymphocyte blastogenesis in cyclophosphamide- treated mice --- p.73
Discussion --- p.74
Chapter Chapter Five --- The Anti-tumour Activities of Astragalus membranaceus --- p.94
Introduction --- p.94
Results --- p.95
Chapter 5.1 --- Lack of Direct Cytotoxicity of AI to Murine and Human Tumour Cell Lines In Vitro --- p.95
Chapter 5.2 --- Cytostatic Effect of AI on Various Murine and Human Cell Lines In Vitro --- p.96
Chapter 5.3 --- Effect of AI on the Growth of Transplantable Tumour Cells In Vivo --- p.97
Chapter 5.4 --- Effect of AI on TNF Production in Tumour-bearing Mice --- p.97
Chapter 5.5 --- In Vitro Induction of Lymphokine-activated Killer Cell Activity by AI --- p.98
Chapter 5.6 --- Tumour Cell Differentiation-inducing Activity of AI --- p.99
Discussion --- p.100
Chapter Chapter Six --- General Discussion and Future Perspectives --- p.120
References --- p.130
Chen, Ying-Chi, and 陳盈綺. "Fractionation and characterization of water-soluble polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35431400831293147855.
Full text國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
96
The dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge, also called Astragali radix, is an important traditional Chinese medicine. It has the functions of anti-virus, anti-tumor, and immuno-modulating activities. Polysaccharide is one of the active components of this herb. The focus of this study is to investigate the characteristics of water-soluble polysaccharides from A. membranaceus. The α-(1,4; 1,6)-D-glucans, the starch-like polysaccharides showing blue color under iodine-staining, in the hot-water extracted crude polysaccharides were digested and removed by α-amylase and amyloglucosidase digestion. The non-starch polysaccharides, the non-digestible portion, were fractionated by using selective precipitation with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB, into acidic and neutral polysaccharides fractions. The α-(1,4; 1,6)-D-glucans was found to be the most abundant component in the crude polysaccharides and its content was 87.9%. The non-starch polysaccharides contained 42.1% of uronic acids and the sugar compositions of the neutral portion were arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose and fucose in the molar ratio of 47.5: 33.6: 8.9: 8.3:1.7 %. The CTAB could react with the polysaccharides with high ratio of uronic acids to form precipitates and successfully separated non-starch polysaccharides into acidic and neutral polysaccharides fractions with ratio of 21.3% and 78.7%, respectively. The acidic polysaccharides fraction consisted of arabinose (29.8%), galactose (21.3%), galacturonic acid (37.7%), and glucuronic acid (2.7%). The weight-average molecular weight of acidic polysaccharides fraction was 130 kDa. The neutral polysaccharides fraction consisted of arabinose (54.4%), galactose (34.3%), mannose (9.7%) and glucose (1.5%). The weight-average molecular weight of neutral polysaccharides fraction was 189 kDa with wide range of distribution. This fraction can be further divided into three sub-fractions by anion- exchange chromatography. Both acidic and neutral polysaccharide fractions showed positive reaction with periodate-thiobarbituric acid and β-D-glucosyl Yariv antigen assays indicated the existing of KDO (2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid) and branched (1,3; 1,6)-arabinogalactans. These results indicated existing of hairy domains of pectic polysaccharides in the acidic polysaccharides and low-uronic acid containing polysaccharides in neutral polysaccharides fraction of A. membranaceus.
Cheng, Wei Jen, and 鄭為仁. "The anti-inflammatory effects of Astragalus membranaceus water extract in human neutrophils." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82e3x5.
Full textLin, Yi-Shen, and 林奕伸. "Body weight regulation by Astragalus membranaceus root and Panax pseudoginseng root extracts." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/psc95n.
Full text中山醫學大學
健康餐飲暨產業管理學系碩士班
106
Obese population worldwide has increased sharply in recent decades leading obesity to become a major global health issue. Obesity increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, and maintaining ideal body weight has a protective effect on many diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Astragalus membranaceus root and Panax pseudoginseng root extracts (APE) on a group of obese subjects (27BMI35). The study is a double blind randomized crossover human trial lasting twenty-eight weeks with two twelve-week phases and a four-week washout period in between the two phases. Subjects took either five APE or Placebo capsules every day during the two twelve-week phases (two capsules before breakfast and three capsules before dinner). Anthropometric measurements and biochemical indicators were measured during the study. A total of twenty one subjects (nine males and twelve females) completed the study. The study showed that subjects who took APE capsules lost 0.34 kg in body weight and lowered their BMI by 0.14 kg/m2 and body fat by 0.12%. Subjects who took the Placebo capsules increased their body weight by 0.45 kg, BMI by 0.16 kg/m2, and body fat by 0.12%. Compared with the Placebo group, BMI was significantly lower (p<0.05) by 0.3 kg/m2 in the APE group. In addition, subjects who took APE have trend of insulin resistance index decrease and adiponectin level increase. Furthermore, after 12 weeks, the antioxidative activity of the APE group showed thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) was decreased trend, glutathione reductase (GSH Rd) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased trend. The total antioxidant capacity (TEAC), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) were siginificantly increased, but no different in the Placebo group. The biochemical levels and physiological functions of the subjects both in the APE and the Placebo groups were within the normal ranges and had no side effects. Based on the results, the study suggests that APE may be a part of an effective weight management product. APE also could to improve the antioxidative capacity.
Lin, Yu Jin, and 林郁進. "Pharmcolognostical studies on Huangqi (Astragali Radix) and tissue-culture of Astragalus membranaceus." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45890367704549509316.
Full textJui-shan, Lin, and 林睿珊. "The Study of the Hemodynamic Effects of Huang-qi(Astragalus membranaceus)in Portal Hypertensive Rats." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92868358721560164101.
Full text中國醫藥學院
中國醫學研究所
89
The purpose of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic effects of of Huang-qi in anesthetized portal hypertensive rats. Portal hypertension was induced by partial portal vein ligation in Sprague-Dawley rats. The portal hypertensive rats were randomly divided into four groups to receive normal saline, propranolol(10mg/kg), low dose crew extract of Huang-qi(0.1 g/kg), and high dose crew extract of Huang-qi(1 g/kg), respectively. The changes of portal vein pressure(PVP), mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR)were observed. Statistical comparison was performed using the multivariate analysis of variance, general linear model’s procedure, and Duncan’s multiple comparison. Infusion of low dose of Huang-qi increased HR, but showed no influence on PVP and MAP. Infusion of high dose of Huang-qi first induced elevation of PVP and MAP, and then followed by reduction slightly from baseline. HR was also increased in this group. The effects of Huang-qi are different from those of propranolol. Our results suggest that the patients with liver cirrhosis should be more careful when taking high dose of Huang-qi.
Lai, Kuan-Ming, and 賴冠名. "Integrated analysis of Astragalus Membranaceus preparation Huangqi-Guizhi-Wuwu and its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction on cilostazol." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26141742117176821254.
Full text國立陽明大學
傳統醫藥研究所
103
Traditional Chinese medicine has raised many important clinical issues, such as quality of herb, multicomponent analysis, insufficient clinical evidence base, and the potential herb-drug interactions. The study investigated chemical and physical analysis and the potential interaction on the Western medicine for a traditional Chinese prescription, Huangqi-Guizhi-Wuwu decoction (HGW). The first object of study is to develop a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization to determine the biomarkers of astragaloside I, astragaloside IV, formononetin, cinnamic acid, paeoniflorin and gingerol in HGW. consistency and standardization for the quality of the herbal medicine are still controversial. Raw herbal powder and starch are also legal to add into the herbal pharmaceutical products to modify their content. It is important to inspect the content of Chinese herbal pharmaceutical products, as various additives may cause the quality of herbal pharmaceutical products to remain unknown. To evaluate the physical quality of HGW, a serious of methods such as scanning electron microscope, light microscopy photographs with Congo red and potassium iodine staining, crude fiber analysis were used to identify the additives in the commercial pharmaceutical products. The results demonstrate deviations in biomarker content and physical properties across different brands, suggesting the importance of the quality assessment for those commercial manufacturers. The second object of the study is evaluating a herb-drug interaction between HGW and cilostazol by pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic ways. Cilostazol has been used in clinical for the treatment of peripheral circular disease because of its antiplatelet and vasodilation which is similar to HGW. The liver enzymes of CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 are potentially the major metabolic pathway of cilostazol. Herbal medicine in HGW such as Zingiber officinale and Astragalus membranaceus have direct or indirect effect to those liver enzymes. There is concern about the potential herb-drug interaction if the traditional chinese medicine and western medicine has been co-administration. Therefore, the study evaluated the interaction between cilostazol and HGW by High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Photo Diode Array for pharmacokinetic. For pharmacodynamic, the limbs blood flow will be measured by laser doppler flowmeter. The results suggest that the cilostazol might not have significant interaction with HGW in Sprague-Dawley rats and the animal data can provide information for the clinical practice.
Pyle, Amy Elizabeth. "Light dependant growth and nitrogen fixation rates in the Hemiaulus haukii and Hemiaulus membranaceus diatom-diazotroph associations." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-12-4629.
Full texttext
CHAN, CHUN-KUEI, and 詹君逵. "Qualification of Quality Control Procedures for Astragalus Membranaceus - A Case Study of Chinese Herbal Medicine Pharmacy Y." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jsh4mz.
Full text大葉大學
藥用植物與保健學系
106
The processing of traditional drugs in Chinese herbal medicine pharmacy is becoming less and less visible because of time-consuming, labor-intensive and not cost-effective. However, these processes affect the quality of medicinal herbs and have a solid foundation for deeper practice. General Chinese herbal medicine pharmacy do not record their processes, but the processes can assist in the field knowledge of the masters to provide many helps in the control of herbal medicines. At this stage, the structure of the practitioners of traditional Chinese herbal medicine pharmacy is gradually aging, which means that the experience passed down has gradually been lost. Therefore, there is an urgent need to retain the experience of the industry's predecessors. A Chinese herbal medicine pharmacy has hundreds of herbs, most of which come to consumers through harvesting, concocting production, wholesale and retail sales. During the entire process, the practitioners of the Chinese herbal medicine pharmacy had to identify the quality of the medicinal materials on site and carefully check and receive them. Afterwards, take appropriate methods for preservation. The treatment methods of different herbs is not the same and which method to use depends on long-term accumulated experience to judge. Therefore, this study uses management tools (work breakdown structure, Pert Chart, Critical Path Method, and Gantt chart) to record the Astragalus , which is commonly used herbs , of quality control process. Firstly, the process is well sorted out and be written into written texts, and in-depth interviews with experts are carried out at the details to compile the key points of quality control of medicinal herbs, Astragalus. Finally, the cross-interview method was used to prove the feasibility of the introduction of the tools. The purpose is to use practical examples of herbal medicines with management tools useing to sort out the quality control procedures of Chinese herbal medicine pharmacy.
"Molecular characterization of Chinese medicinal materials." 2005. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896535.
Full textThesis submitted in: November 2004.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-184).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
摘要 --- p.iii
Acknowledgment --- p.v
Abbreviations --- p.vii
Table of contents --- p.viii
List of Figures --- p.xii
List of Tables --- p.xvii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1. --- The importance of characterization of Chinese medicinal materials and the development of Chinese medicine in Hong Kong --- p.1
Chapter 1.2. --- Methods for characterization of Chinese medicinal materials --- p.5
Chapter 1.3. --- Molecular characterization of Chinese medicinal materials --- p.8
Chapter 1.3.1. --- DNA sequencing --- p.9
Chapter 1.3.2. --- DNA fingerprinting --- p.14
Chapter 1.3.3. --- Nucleic acid hybridization --- p.19
Chapter 1.4. --- Objectives --- p.20
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Characterization of Plant and Fungal Materials by rDNA ITS Sequence Analysis --- p.22
Chapter 2.1. --- Introduction --- p.22
Chapter 2.2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.22
Chapter 2.2.1. --- Chinese medicinal materials used in this study --- p.22
Chapter 2.2.1.1. --- Plants and fungi for interspecific ITS study --- p.22
Chapter 2.2.1.2. --- Plant for intraspecific ITS study and locality study --- p.33
Chapter 2.2.2. --- Extraction of total DNA --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.3. --- PCR amplification of ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rRNA gene --- p.35
Chapter 2.2.4. --- Purification of PCR products --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.5. --- Cloning using pCR-Script´ёØ Amp SK(+) Cloning Kit --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.5.1. --- Polishing --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.5.2. --- Ligation of inserts into pCR-Script´ёØ Amp SK(+) cloning vector --- p.38
Chapter 2.2.5.3. --- Transformation --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.5.4. --- PCR screening of white colonies --- p.40
Chapter 2.2.5.5. --- Purification of PCR screening products --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.6. --- Sequencing of ITS regions --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.6.1. --- Cycle sequencing reaction --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.6.2. --- Purification of sequencing extension products --- p.41
Chapter 2.2.6.3. --- Electrophoresis by genetic analyzer --- p.42
Chapter 2.2.7. --- Sequence analysis and alignment --- p.42
Chapter 2.3. --- Results --- p.42
Chapter 2.3.1. --- Extraction of total DNA --- p.42
Chapter 2.3.2. --- PCR amplification of ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rRNA gene --- p.44
Chapter 2.3.2.1. --- Interspecific ITS study --- p.44
Chapter 2.3.2.2. --- Intraspecific ITS study --- p.46
Chapter 2.3.3. --- Sequence analysis and alignment --- p.47
Chapter 2.3.3.1. --- Interspecific ITS study --- p.47
Chapter 2.3.3.2. --- Intraspecific ITS study --- p.56
Chapter 2.4. --- Discussions --- p.60
Chapter 2.4.1. --- rDNA regions used for studying Chinese medicinal materials --- p.60
Chapter 2.4.2. --- The results agreed with previously published works --- p.60
Chapter 2.4.3. --- Explanation of interspecific results within the Ganoderma genus --- p.60
Chapter 2.4.4. --- Implications from interspecific comparisons --- p.60
Chapter 2.4.5. --- Implications from intraspecific comparisons --- p.61
Chapter Chapter 3 --- .Characterization of Astragalus membranaceus by DNA Fingerprinting
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.62
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.62
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Extraction of total DNA --- p.62
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Generation and detection of DNA fingerprints by AP-PCR --- p.63
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Analysis of DNA fingerprints --- p.63
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.63
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Generation of DNA fingerprints by AP-PCR --- p.63
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Fingerprint analysis --- p.69
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.85
Chapter 3.4.1 --- RP-PCR has been used on Chinese medicinal materials --- p.85
Chapter 3.4.2 --- AP-PCR used instead of RAPD --- p.85
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Reproducibility and amount of bands --- p.86
Chapter 3.4.4 --- Alternatives of electrophoresis process --- p.88
Chapter 3.4.5 --- Explanation of results --- p.88
Chapter 3.4.6 --- Distinguishing Neimengu and Shanxi samples --- p.89
Chapter 3.4.7 --- Further studies --- p.90
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Characterization of Plant and Fungal Materials by DNA-DNA Hybridization on Microarrays --- p.91
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.91
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.92
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Samples for microarray study --- p.92
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Extraction of total DNA --- p.95
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Amplification and sequencing of ITS 1 region of rRNA gene --- p.95
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Preparation of labeled probe --- p.95
Chapter 4.2.5 --- Amplification of ITS1 fragments --- p.97
Chapter 4.2.6 --- Preparation of slides --- p.103
Chapter 4.2.7 --- Hybridization and washing --- p.104
Chapter 4.2.8 --- Scanning and data analysis --- p.105
Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.105
Chapter 4.3.1 --- DNA extraction --- p.105
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Amplification and sequencing of ITS1 region of rRNA gene --- p.107
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Preparation of labeled probe and amplification of ITS1 fragments… --- p.112
Chapter 4.3.4 --- Preparation of slides --- p.112
Chapter 4.3.5 --- Scanning and data analysis --- p.116
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.134
Chapter 4.4.1 --- Implications --- p.134
Chapter 4.4.2 --- Applying the findings --- p.134
Chapter 4.4.3 --- Ways to maximize specificity --- p.137
Chapter 4.4.4 --- Optimisation --- p.138
Chapter 4.4.5 --- Microarray may be more advantageous over sequencing --- p.138
Chapter Chapter Five --- General Discussion and Summary --- p.140
Chapter 5.1. --- Objectives of this study --- p.140
Chapter 5.2. --- rDNA ITS sequencing --- p.140
Chapter 5.2.1. --- Description of the approach and summary of the results --- p.140
Chapter 5.2.2. --- Implications from the results --- p.140
Chapter 5.2.3. --- Advantages and limitations of DNA sequencing --- p.141
Chapter 5.3. --- AP-PCR fingerprinting --- p.141
Chapter 5.3.1. --- Description of the approach and summary of the results --- p.141
Chapter 5.3.2. --- Advantages and limitations of DNA fingerprinting --- p.142
Chapter 5.4. --- DNA-DNA hybridization on microarrays --- p.143
Chapter 5.4.1. --- Description of the approach and summary of the results --- p.143
Chapter 5.4.2. --- Implications from the results --- p.143
Chapter 5.4.3. --- Advantages and limitations of DNA hybridization on microarrays. --- p.144
Chapter 5.5. --- Overall summary --- p.144
Chapter 5.6. --- Future studies --- p.146
References --- p.147
Appendix --- p.185
Yeh, Tzu-Shao, and 葉姿劭. "Studies on the Astragalus membranaceus Enhanced Myotube Hypertrophy in Skeletal Muscle and Improved Physiological Recovery after Exercise Injury in Human." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fprubj.
Full text臺北醫學大學
保健營養學研究所
102
Herbal supplements and food factors are important resources to investigate about muscle hypertrophy or protein synthesis. We investigated Astragalus membranaceus (AM) whether those herbal supplements induce hypertrophy in myotubes through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt (also termed PKB)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Then, we study the safety assessment and exercise ability of AM supplements which can promote skeletal muscle hypertrophy. The results revealed that AM can promote hypertrophy in myotubes through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Biochemical parameters and histopathological examination revealed no toxic effect of 6-week AM (0.615 and 3.075 g / kg B.W. / day) administration in training ICR mice. Furthermore, AM supplement (2.8 g / day, contain total astragalosides 1.455 mg / g ) can enhance serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations and increase the oxygen content of muscle tissue in human. According to our study, we suggest that AM may be used as a candidate nutritional supplement to promote athletic performance.
Lee, Jia-Gua, and 李佳桂. "Effects of Angelica sinensis and Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides on proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells from umbilical cord blood." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35785955061735077155.
Full text國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
96
The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of Angelica sinensis (AS) and Astragalus membranaceus (AM) polysaccharides on proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (CD34+ cells) from umbilical cord blood. This research was divided into three parts. In the first part, we confirmed that polysaccharides was the major hematopoietic component in the AS water extract. The Angelica sinensis polysaccharides (ASPS) were fractionated into four fractions by anion-exchange chromatography, and F 2 fraction had the highest hematopoietic activity among four fractions. The F2 fraction could stimulate secretion of hematopoietic growth factor (HGF), such as GM-CSF and IL-3, and promote colony-forming unit of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) formation. The molecular weight of F 2 fraction was between 51.28 kDa and 8.40 kDa, and composed of arabinose, galactose and galacturonic acid. In part II, we used the decoction - Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), which is composed of AS and AM with weight ratio 1:5. We compared the hematopoietic activity of DBT, AS and AM, and found that the combination of AS and AM had synergizing on hematopoiesis, and AS and AM polysaccharides were the active component in DBT. DBT induced all HGF that we detected, including GM-CSF, IL-3 and M-CSF. Compared to F2 fraction, DBT could stimulate more kinds of HGF production, and this is the probably reason why DBT had higher hematopoietic effect than F2. DBT not only promoted the formation of CFU-GM but also promoted Burst-forming unit erythrocyte (BFU-E) colony formation. In part III, we compared the protective effect of F2 fraction and DBT against the damage caused by the chemotherapy drug Adriblastina. It was found that both the F 2 fraction and DBT rescued CD34+ cells viability and protected the colony formation ability of CD34+ cells. In this damage model, DBT was found to have better effects than F 2 fraction.
Yang, Ya-Lan, and 楊雅嵐. "Effects of Black Bean, Astragalus membranaceus, Agaricus blazei and Fermentation Products of Agaricus blazei-leguminous Plants on Serum Lipids of Hamsters." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62790292611431573583.
Full text國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
94
Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in the world and it is related to atherosclerosis. It was suggested that high blood lipid and oxidative stress would result in LDL oxidation leading to atherogenesis. Therefore, preventing or delaying the onset of atherosclerosis could start from lowering blood lipid and prolonging the lag phase of LDL oxidation. Recent studies were focused on improving blood lipid and replenishing exogenous antioxidants to delay the progression of atherosclerosis. Scientific literatures reported that Agaricus blazei, black bean and Astragalus membranaceus showed antioxidative or hypolipidemic effects. The health protective effect of A. blazei was different from black bean and A. membranaceus, but they could complement one another. To use black bean or A. membranaceus as a part of the fermentation medium for the liquid fermentation of A. blazei, the active antioxidative compounds might be transformed into the more bioavailable form with higher biological activity. Hamster was chosen as the animal model of this study to investigate the effects towards blood lipid and LDL oxidation of the fruiting body of A. blazei, black bean, A. membranaceus and the fermentation products of A. blazei-leguminous. Three animal experiments were conducted to examine the antiatherogenic effects. Animal study I was conducted for 4 weeks and 8 weeks, and the test materials were A. blazei fruiting bodies, black bean and A. membranaceus. Animal study II was conducted to correct the shortcomings of animal study I to proceed the experiment once again. Animal study III was conducted to examine the effects of the fermentation products of A. blazei-leguminous. The results of animal study I showed that after feeding hamsters 4 weeks with 10% black bean, the hamsters had lower HDL-C in serum, higher hepatic cholesterol and their liver weight and relative fat pad weight increased. Adding 10% A. membranaceus in the test diet could decrease LDL-C in serum of hamsters after 4 weeks. Hamsters fed 8 weeks with 10% black bean and A. membranaceus had higher hepatic cholesterol. Adding 10% black bean or 10% A. blazei in the test diet increased their relative liver weight. The results of animal study II showed that hamsters fed with 10% black bean or 10% A. membranaceus had higher serum HDL-C and hepatic cholesterol. A. membranaceus added at 10% level in the diet could also reduce thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver. Hamsters fed with 10% A. blazei had lower triglyceride and VLDL-C in serum. Hamsters in Agaricus blazei fruiting bodies, black bean and A. membranaceus groups showed lower levels of serum MDA than high fat high cholesterol group. The results of animal study III showed that hamsters fed with 10% fermentation product of A. blazei (GF4), which used soybean as a part of fermentation medium, had lower levels of serum MDA, liver TBARS, hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride. Hamsters fed with 10% fermentation product of A. blazei (GF3), which used black bean as a part of fermentation medium, had lower levels of hepatic cholesterol and serum MDA. Both fermentation products of A. blazei could raise the content of α-tocopherol in serum. It is evident from this study that the fermentation products of A. blazei show in vivo antioxidative activity and have the potential antiatherogenic ability.
Lin, Yu-Shen, and 林育審. "Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus, Epimedium brevicornum, and Psoralea corylifolia on Egg Production and Immune Response in Laying Hens." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81520883490350170838.
Full text國立臺灣大學
動物科學技術學研究所
97
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) supplementation on production performance and immune function in commercial laying hens. One hundred 18-week-old White Leghorn layers were randomly allocated to 10 dietary treatments with 10 birds each. Hens were fed diets containing three levels (5, 15 and 30 g/kg) from three commercial CHM (Astragalus membranaceus, Ast; Epimedium brevicornum, Epi; Psoralea corylifolia, Pso), in comparison to basal diets without CHM as control group, from 18 to 80 wk of age. The whole experimental period was divided into developing period (18−20 wk of age) and laying period (21−80 wk of age), and the latter was subdivided into four phases as follows: I (21−32 wk of age), II (33−44 wk of age), III (45−60 wk of age) and IV (61−80 wk of age). Egg production, egg weight, feed intake, egg quality parameters (including eggshell breaking strength, yolk color score and Haugh unit) were measured, and egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also calculated. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, M and A level as well as antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were determined. Activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and content of uric acid (UA) were measured. The results showed that egg weight and feed intake were not significantly influenced by different type or level of CHM supplementation throughout the study (P > 0.05). However, addition of Ast at a level of 5 or 30 g/kg and Pso at 5, 15 or 30 g/kg increased egg production and egg mass, as well as reduced FCR compared to the control group during Phase IV. There was no significant difference between control group and other groups for egg quality parameters measured (P > 0.05). Neither type nor level of dietary CHM had significant effect on serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels, while antibody titers against NDV were significantly higher in hens fed diets containing 15 or 30 g/kg of Ast and 5 g/kg of Pso compared to the control group after NDV vaccination (on Day 21) during 75−80 wk of age. Serum ALT and AST activity and UA content were not significantly affected by different type or level of dietary CHM at the end of the trial (80 wk of age) (P > 0.05), which suggested that long-term feeding of three levels from three commercial CHM had no adverse effects on liver and kidney function in laying hens. To sum up, dietary supplementation of Ast at a level of 30 g/kg and Pso at 5 g/kg could not only exert beneficial effects on egg production, egg mass and FCR during Phase IV (61−80 wk of age) but also increase antibody response to NDV during 75−80 wk of age. Thus, these two formulae are expected to be added in diets for old layers aged more than 60 weeks so that the hens could produce more total egg mass and prolong the timing of elimination.
Chen, Wei-Ting, and 陳威廷. "Development of LC/MS Methods for Identification of Marker Components in Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolinm, Citrus aurantium, Astragalus membranaceus and Hedysarum polybotrys." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4n4a3k.
Full text國立臺北科技大學
有機高分子研究所
93
Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry ( LC/MS ) methods were developed to identify six ginsenosides ( Ginsenosides Rb1, Ginsenosides Rg1, Ginsenosides Rc, Ginsenosides Rg3, Ginsenosides Re and Ginsenosides Rh2 ) in Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolinm , seven flavonoids ( Synephrine, Narirutin, Naringin, Hesperidin, Quercertin, Naringenin and Imperatorin ) in Citrus aurantium and seven flavonoids ( Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside -6-O-malonate, Ononin, Calycosin, Formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-6-O-malonate, Astragaloside IV and Formononetin ) in Astragalus membranaceus and Hedysarum polybotrys. LC was carried out using a C18 column with linear gradient elution of acetate buffer- acetonitrile and detected at the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength of 210nm, 254nm and 280nm, separately. The tandem MS was used with positive-ion electrospray ionization, Quadrupole and Time of Flight (TOF) analyzers, and argon as a collision gas. Ginsenosides and flavonoids mentioned above were identified on both LC/UV and LC/MS spectra of these studied herbs compared with standards. These marker components in Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolinm, Citrus aurantium, Astragalus membranaceus and Hedysarum polybotrys have been assembled as fingerprints in LC/UV or LC/MS spectra of identifying Chinese herbs.
"In vitro and in vivo mechanistic studies of the wound-healing effects of Astragali Radix and phytochemical analysis of its active fractions/components isolated using bioassay-guided fractionation." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884429.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-251).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
Tseng, Ai-Lun, and 曾愛倫. "Traditional Chinese Medicine Astragalus membranaceus (Fischer) Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao Exhibits Tumor Inhibitory Effect in HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells in vitro and in vivo." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gypj5f.
Full text國立中央大學
系統生物與生物資訊研究所
104
The fact that many chemotherapeutic drugs cause chemoresistance and side effects during the course of treating colorectal cancer necessitates development of novel cytotoxic agents aiming to attenuate new molecular targets. Here, we show that Astragalus membranaceus (Fischer) Bge. var. mongolicus (Bge.) Hsiao (AM), a traditional Chinese medicine, can inhibit tumor growth in vitro and in vivo thus the underlying molecular mechanisms are elucidated. The effects of AM on HCT116 cell viability and apoptotic events were studied over a dose range of 0-500 μg/ml. The viability assay showed that AM-treated cells were significantly lower than control. In the animal model, the mice were treated with either water or 500 mg/kg AM once per day, before being sacrificed for extraction of tumors and serum, which were then subjected to microarray expression profiling. The identified genes as differentially expressed between treated mice and controls revealed that administration of AM suppresses chromosome organization, histone modification, regulation of macromolecule metabolic process and others. A separate analysis focused on differentially expressed microRNAs revealed involvement of macromolecule metabolism, intracellular transport, etc. and implicated several cancer signaling pathways. For validation, inputting the identified genes to The Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures led to many chemopreventive agents of natural origin that produce similar gene expression profiles to that of AM. The mouse sera analysis revealed many immune system-related markers, suggesting the immunosuppressant effect of AM. Finally, a separate study on 5-fluorouracil resistant HCT116 subclones shows the cells possess polyploidy morphology and when the subclones were treated with both AM and 5-fluorouracil, the number of viable cells decreased significantly. The demonstrated effectiveness of AM suggests a potential therapeutic medicine for CRC.
Brem, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen zur pharmazeutischen Qualität pflanzlicher Drogen aus der traditionellen chinesischen Medizin an den Beispielen von Astragalus membranaceus, Coptis spec., Forsythia suspensa und Leonurus japonicus / vorgelegt von Tobias Brem." 2009. http://d-nb.info/1001172671/34.
Full text"The in vivo and in vitro investigations of Astragali Radix and Rehmanniae Radix formula in diabetic wound healing and its mechanisms of actions." 2013. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5884517.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 322-359).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstract also in Chinese.
"The mitogenic effect of radix ophiopogonis and radix astragali on neonatal primary rat cardiomyocytes and differentiated H9C2 cardiac cells." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891630.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-109).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
CONTENTS --- p.i
ABSTRACT --- p.v
撮要 --- p.vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ix
LIST OF FIGURES & TABLES --- p.xi
ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xv
Chapter Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- The Transition of Hyperplastic to Hypertrophic Growth During Heart Development --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- The Controversial Capability of Heart Regeneration --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Challenges in Treating Heart Diseases --- p.5
Chapter 1.4 --- A New Insight Behind Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for Treating Heart Diseases --- p.7
Chapter 1.5 --- The Potential Mitogenic TCMs on Cardiomyocytes --- p.10
Chapter 1.5.1 --- Radix Astragali --- p.11
Chapter 1.5.2 --- Radix Ophiopogonis --- p.12
Chapter Chapter 2 --- MATERIALS & METHODS --- p.14
Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.14
Chapter 2.2 --- Cell Culture --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes cell culture --- p.16
Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Mayer's hemalum-eosin staining --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Primary rat fibroblasts cell culture --- p.18
Chapter 2.2.3 --- H9C2 cardiac cell culture --- p.18
Chapter 2.3 --- TCMs Preparation and Treatment --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Preparation of TCMs powder from aqueous extracts --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Preparation of culture medium with TCMs powder --- p.19
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Pre-treatment of undifferentiated and differentiated H9C2 cardiac cells with TCMs --- p.20
Chapter 2.3.4 --- Post-treatment of differentiated H9C2 cardiac cells with TCMs --- p.20
Chapter 2.4 --- Assessment of DNA Synthesis and Proliferation --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Tritiated thymidine incorporation assay --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.2 --- 5-Bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) assay --- p.22
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Cell counting --- p.23
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.23
Chapter 2.5 --- Screening of Differentially Expressed Genes in H9C2 Cells after TCM Treatment by cDNA Microarray --- p.25
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Total RNA extraction --- p.25
Chapter 2.5.2 --- RNA labeling --- p.26
Chapter 2.5.2.1 --- Synthesis of fluorescence labeled probe --- p.26
Chapter 2.5.2.2 --- Purification of fluorescence labeled probe --- p.27
Chapter 2.5.3 --- Microarray hybridization --- p.28
Chapter 2.5.3.1 --- Concentration of fluorescence labeled probe --- p.28
Chapter 2.5.3.2 --- Hybridization --- p.28
Chapter 2.5.3.3 --- Post-hybridization treatment --- p.29
Chapter 2.5.4 --- Data collection --- p.29
Chapter 2.5.4.1 --- Scanning of slide --- p.29
Chapter 2.5.4.2 --- Image processing: spots finding and quantification --- p.30
Chapter 2.5.5 --- Data normalization and analysis --- p.30
Chapter 2.6 --- Confirmation of Differentially Expressed Genes in H9C2 Cells after TCM Treatment by RT-PCR --- p.32
Chapter 2.6.1 --- DNase I digestion of total RNA sample --- p.32
Chapter 2.6.2 --- First-strand cDNA synthesis --- p.32
Chapter 2.6.3 --- RT-PCR of the candidate genes --- p.33
Chapter Chapter 3 --- RESULTS --- p.36
Chapter 3.1 --- Neonatal Primary Rat Cardiomyocytes --- p.36
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Preparation of high-purity neonatal primary rat cardiomyocytes --- p.36
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Neonatal primary rat cardiomyocytes ceased to undergo DNA replication after 6-day in vitro culturing --- p.38
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Both MD and HQ promoted the growth of day 1 primary rat cardiomyocytes in dose- and time-dependent manners --- p.40
Chapter 3.1.4 --- HQ is more potent than MD in promoting the growth of day 7 primary rat cardiomyocytes --- p.43
Chapter 3.2 --- H9C2 Cardiac cells --- p.45
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Proliferative effect of MD and HQ on undifferentiated H9C2 cardiac cells --- p.45
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Pre-treatment of HQ on H9C2 cardiac cells during differentiation --- p.50
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Pre-treatment of MD and HQ on differentiated H9C2 cardiac cells --- p.52
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Post-treatment of MD on differentiated H9C2 cardiac cells…… --- p.55
Chapter 3.3 --- Primary Rat Fibroblasts --- p.57
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Proliferative effect of MD and HQ on primary rat fibroblasts --- p.58
Chapter 3.4 --- Screening of Differentially Expressed Genes in H9C2 Cells after HQ Treatment by cDNA Microarray --- p.60
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Differentially expressed genes in undifferentiated H9C2 cardiac cells after HQ treatment --- p.60
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Differentially expressed genes in differentiated H9C2 cardiac cells after HQ treatment --- p.66
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Comparison of differentially expressed genes in both undifferentiated and differentiated H9C2 cardiac cells after HQ treatment --- p.72
Chapter 3.5 --- Confirmation of Differentially Expressed Genes in H9C2 Cells after HQ Treatment by RT-PCR --- p.73
Chapter 3.5.1 --- "Preferential up-regulation of N-G, N-G-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase mRNA expression level in undifferentiated H9C2 cardiac cells after HQ treatment " --- p.74
Chapter 3.5.2 --- Preferential up-regulation of heme oxygenase-3 mRNA expression level in undifferentiated H9C2 cardiac cells after HQ treatment --- p.75
Chapter 3.5.3 --- Preferential up-regulation of cyclin B mRNA expression level in differentiated H9C2 cardiac cells after HQ treatment --- p.76
Chapter Chapter 4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.77
Chapter 4.1 --- HQ Being a More Effective Mitogenic TCM than MD on Cardiomyocytes Exerted its Effect in Dose- and Time Dependent --- p.79
Chapter 4.2 --- Mitogenic Effect of Both MD and HQ might Possibly Due to the Regulation of Intrinsic Factors --- p.82
Chapter 4.3 --- HQ Rather Than MD Showed a Higher Specificity in Promoting DNA Synthesis in Cardiomyocytes --- p.83
Chapter 4.4 --- The Differentially Expressed Genes were Supported by The Clinical Functions of HQ --- p.85
Chapter 4.5 --- Relating the Differentially Expressed Genes with Cardiac Growth and Development --- p.87
Chapter 4.6 --- The Hypothetic Mechanisms of Action that HQ Exerted on Cardiac Growth and Development --- p.92
Chapter 4.7 --- Future Prospect --- p.94
Chapter 4.7.1 --- In vivo study of HQ on the proliferation of rat cardiomyocytes from neonatal to postnatal development --- p.94
Chapter 4.7.2 --- The study of transgenic mice carrying the target gene regulated by HQ on cardiac growth and development --- p.96
Chapter 4.7.3 --- The determination of active component of HQ on cardiac growth and development --- p.97
REFERENCES --- p.99
APPENDIX --- p.110
Chou, Chin-Yun, and 周沁澐. "Study on the micropropagation of Casearia membranacea Hance." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77317034188099040059.
Full text國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
105
The main objective of this study is to establish the micropropagation system of Casearia membranace Hance. The fruits are sterilized with 1g/L benomyl and 1g/L streptomycin for 1 hour, and treated with running tap water for 1 hour. The fruits were then shaken in 70% ethanol solution for 30 sec, and soaked in NaOCl with ultrasonic shaking for 10 min afterwards. Next, we washed them with double distilled water for 3-4 times in laminar air flow chamber. Then we took out the seeds or the embryos by aseptic manipulation. The result showed the contamination rate was less than 1%, and the germination rate is more than 60%. This process can successfully establish aseptic plantlets. In the aspect of organ formation: the aseptic shoot tips and nodals are the best explants for shoot induction. Those cultured in WPM medium with several different PGRs compositions all showed more than 90% induction rate. WPM+1mg/L BA and WPM+1mg/L BA+0.1mg/L NAA medium were the best among them, which showed 100.00% induction rate. In addition, WPM+0.5mg/L BA medium showed the maximum shoots, which was in average 2.69 shoots. Furthermore, cotyledons and hypocotyl segments can also induct shoots. The result of root induction test showed that the WPM+0.1mg/L NAA medium was the best one. In addition, other NAA added mediums were also accessible. Moreover, blank WPM medium and WPM with activated carbon mediums were suitable for root induction for Casearia membranacea at the same time. Through micropropagation process as above, these complete plantlets achieved 96% survival rate after 6-week acclimatization.
Wang, Chih-Hsin, and 王智欣. "Chemical and Cytotoxic Constituents from the Formosan Casearia membranacea Hance." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53295936805504975094.
Full text國立中山大學
海洋資源學系研究所
91
Casearia membranacea Hance (Flacourtiaceae) is a tree found in the northern region of Taiwan. Bioassay-directed fractionation of the MeOH-layer has resulted in the isolation of six new clerodane diterpenes, Caseamembrins A-F (1-6) along with a known compound, rel-(2S,5R,6R, 8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-hydroxy-2-(2-methylbut- anoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (7). The structures of compounds 1-6 were determined by the physical methods such as IR、mass、optical rotation, 1D、2D NMR spectral analysis, and the published reports about the data of related compounds . The spectral data of 1-6 are in conformity with the basic skeleton of clerodane diterpenes previously isolated from Casearia membranacea Hance.. The basic structures of 1-6 contain two 6-membred ring linked with six carbon diene side chain at C-9 and two ester carbonyl functional groups at C-2 and C-18 respetirely. Compound 1 had an ester carbonyl at C-2 position, with an acetoxyl and a hydroxyl group at C-19/6 position, the structure of 1 was assigned as rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18-butanoyloxy-19-acetoxy-18,19 -epoxy-6-hydroxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (Caseamembrin A). Compound 2 had a methoxyl group at C-18 position, that 2 has the structure of rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18-methoxy -19-acetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6-hydroxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (Caseambrin B). Compound 3 had an acetoxyl at C-19 position, and two hydroxyl group at C-6/7. Compound 3 was assigned the structure of rel-(2S,5R,6R,7R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18-butanoyloxy-19- acetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6,7-dihydroxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3, 13(16),14- triene (Caseamembrin C). Compound 4 had two acetoxyl at C-7/19 and hydroxyl group at C-6, the assignment of its structure as rel-(2S,5R,6S,7R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18-butanoyloxy-19-acetoxy -18,19-epoxy-6-hydroxy-7-acetoxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14- triene (Caseamembrin D). Compound 5 had two acetoxyl at C-18/19 position, and a hydroxyl group at C-6 position. 5 was established as rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-18,19-diacetoxy-18,19-epoxy-6- hydroxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (Caseamembrin E). Compound 6 had a hydroxyl group at C-6 position and it was deduced that the C-18/19 acetal ring was opened thus forming the two aldehydic units. The structure of 6 was established as rel-(2S,5R,6R,7R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-6-hydroxy-2-(2-methylbutanoyloy) cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene-18,19-dicarboxyaldehyde (Caseamembrin F). It is worthy to mention that this is the first report of the isolation of 1-6 from a natural source. In a preliminary pharmacological aporach (cytotoxicity), compounds 1-6 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against (NUGC-3) and (HONE-1) cancer cells with IC50 0~1﹪values at 20mg/ml.
Chia, Chang Keng, and 張耿嘉. "Chemical and cytotoxic constituents from the stems of formosan casearia membranacea." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39849666994530973560.
Full text高雄醫學大學
天然藥物研究所
90
Abstract The MeOH extract of stems of Formosan Casearia membranacea Hance showed cytotoxicity against A549 (ED50 = 9.87 μg/ml) and P-388 (ED50 = 6.78 μg/ml) cancer cell lines in vitro. The CHCl3-soluble layer showed cytoxicity against A549 (ED50 = 0.65 μg/ml) and HT-29 (ED50 = 0.74 μg/ml) cancer cell lines. Investigation of CHCl3-souble layers led to the isolation of 20 compounds, including one anthraquinone: anthraquinone (1), one butanolide: casealactone (2), two diterpenoids:casearimene A (3), casearimene B (4), six sterols: b-sitosterol (5), stigmast-5-en-3b,7a-diol (6), stigmast-5-en-3b,7b-diol (7), stigmastan-3b, 5a,6b-triol (8), b-sitostenone (9), b-sitosteryl-3-O-b-D-glucoside (10), two amides: N-trans-feruloyltyramine (11), N-cis-feruloyltyramine (12), two triterpenoids: squalene (13), friedelin (14), one lignan: (±)-syringaresinol (15), two benzenoids: syringaldehyde (16), vanillic acid (19), one benzoquinone: casearinone (20), one ester: methyl hexadecanoate (21), one chroman: caseamemin (22). On the purpose of chemotaxonomy, we performed the isolation of the n-BuOH-souble layers to obtain two benzenoids: syringic acid (17), (±)-3- (4-hydroxy- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,2-propanediol (18). The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Among these isolates, 2, 3, 4, 20 and 22 are new compounds, 18 is a racemic compound of (-)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,2- propanediol (18a) which had no previously reported data. 2 showed cytoxicities against HT-29 and P-388, 11 and 12 exhibited cytotoxicity against P-388 cancer cell lines in vitro.
Lin, Lee cheng, and 李政霖. "Studies on the Bioactive Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Formosan Casearia membranacea Hance." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71599017124083933011.
Full text國立中山大學
海洋資源學系研究所
92
ABSTRACT The Genus Casearia is a rich source of cleordane - type diterpenes. To search for practical sources of potential cleordane - type diterpenes, and to study the structure and activity relationship of cleordane - type diterpenes, the twigs and leaves of Casearia membranacea Hance ( Flacourtiaceae ) was collected for phytochemical and anti-tumor investigation. Bioassay-directed fractionation of an ethyl acetate layer of Casearia membranacea has resulted in the isolation of six new clerodane-type diterpenes. The structures of these cleordane-type diterpenes were established and designated as Caseamembrins G∼L(1∼6)and their derivatives compounds 7 and 8. The structures of compounds 1∼8 were determined by application of NMR techniques included 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY and another physical methods which include MS, UV, IR and optical rotation, and the published reports about the data of related compounds. The spectral data of 1∼8 are in conformity with the basic skeleton of cleordane-type diterpenes previously isolated from Casearia membranacea Hance. The basic structures of 1∼8 contain two 6- menbered ring. The structures were identified as rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R, 18S,19R)-2-hydroxy-6-butanoyloxy-18,19-acetyloxy-18,19-epoxy-cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene (Caseamembrin G, 1)、rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S, 19R)-2-hydroxy-6,18-dibutanoyloxy-19-acetyloxy-18,19-epoxy-cleroda -3,13(16),14-triene (Caseamembrin H, 2)、rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S ,19R)-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-6-hydroxy-18-methoxy-19-acetyloxy-18,19-epoxy-cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene(Caseamembrin I, 3)、rel-(2R,5R ,6R,8S,9S,10R)-2-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-6-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13(16),14 -triene-18,19-dicarboxaldehyde ( Caseamembrin J, 4)、rel-(2S,5R,6R,7R, 8S,9S,10R)-2,7-diacetyloxy-6-hydroxy-cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene-18,19-dicarboxaldehyde(Caseamembrin K, 5)、rel-(2S,5R,6S,7R,8S,9S,10R, 18S,19R)-2-butanoyloxy-6,7-dihydroxy-18-butanoyloxy-19-acetyloxy-18,19-epoxy-cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene(Caseamembrin L, 6),及rel-(2S,5R ,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19R)-2-O-acetyl-6-butanoyloxy-18,19-acetyloxy-18,19-epoxy-cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene ( 7)、rel-(2S,5R,6R,8S,9S,10R,18S,19 R)-2-O-acetyl-6,18-dibutanoyloxy-19-acetyloxy-18,19-epoxy-cleroda-3,13(16),14-triene(8). It is worthy to mention that this is the first report of the isolation of 1-6 from a natural source and their derivatives compounds 7 and 8. Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against(Hepa59T/VGH) ,(KB)and (Hela)cancer cells , but compound 3 and 4、5 show no activity against those cancer cell lines.
Wohlfarth, Michael. "Die Aufklärung der Biogenese strukturell ungewöhnlicher Alkaloide aus Triphyophyllum (Dioncophyllaceae) und Antidesma (Euphorbiaceae) und Entwicklung und Einsatz der "Triade" zur phytochemischen Online-Analytik: HPLC-MS/MS, HPLC-NMR und HPLC-CD." Doctoral thesis, 2002. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-298.
Full textTropical plants are generally considered as valuable sources of biologically active secondary metabolites. Within this thesis, several tropical species were investigated from various phytochemical points of view. An emphasis was put on the tropical liana families of Ancistrocladaceae and Dioncophyllaceae. These produce naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, biaryl natural products with fascinating structural and pharmacological features. In this work the biogenesis of the naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, exemplified by dioncophylline A from Triphyophyllum peltatum, was investigated by feeding [13C2]-acetate. 13C NMR experiments revealed the incorporation of discrete [13C2]-units within the whole carbon skeleton. Therefore, the naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids are the first known tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids with a polyketidic origin. The structurally and biogenetically highly interesting pyridone alkaloid antidesmone from Antidesma membranaceum served as another research target. Investigations regarding the biogenesis of antidesmone led to the discovery of a new biogenetical pathway. Antidesmone is built up from a polyketide. Suprisingly, glycine serves as a precursor for a C2N building block. Regarding the analytical field, the main focus was put on the usage and methodical improvement of the "online-triad" HPLC-MS/MS, HPLC-NMR, and HPLC-CD. Subsequently, these novel techniques were used for the phytochemical investigation of different plant extracts. After the first online-analysis of Ancistrocladus griffithii, three new alkaloids, namely ancistrogriffine A, B, and C, were detected and structurally elucidated. Furthermore, the first dimeric naphthylisoquinoline from an Asian Ancistrocladus species, Ancistrogriffithine A, was detected and structurally elucidated by online-methods before its isolation
Liu, Chung-Hsiang, and 劉崇祥. "Effects of Astragalus membranaceusin on patients with poststroke fatigue: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/srt7vx.
Full text中國醫藥大學
中西醫結合研究所博士班
106
Institution:Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan, R.O.C. Background:Astragalus membranaceus (AM) is the first-choice herb for fatigue treatment in traditional Chinese medicine and the main herb used for stroke treatment in China and Taiwan.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of AM on poststroke fatigue (PSF). Methods:This study was designed as a double-blind, randomized, controlled preliminary study. Sixty-four patients with PSF were assigned to treatment group (TG; 31 patients), which received oral administration of AM(2.8g three times per day) for 28 days,anda control group (CG; 33 patients), which received aplacebo.The primary outcome measureswere the changes in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire(EORTC QLQ-C30) and Brief Fatigue Index (BFI) scores. Results:A total of 61 patients (29 patients in the TG and 32 patients in the CG) completedthe trial. The difference in BFI scores between Visit 2 and Visit 1 was –17.83 ± 17.70 in the TG, which was greater than that in the CG (–8.03 ± 9.95;p= 0.01); additionally, the difference in BFI scores between Visit 3 and Visit 1 was –16.48 ± 16.41 in the TG, which was also greater than that in the CG (–9.47 ± 13.39;p= 0.05). In the EORTC QLQ-C30, the difference in cognitive functioning scores between Visit 2 and Visit 1 was 14.37 ± 13.89 in the TG, which was greater than that in the CG (3.65 ± 19.74;p=0.02); additionally, the difference in these scores between Visit 3 and Visit 1 was 14.37 ± 16.50 in the TG, which again was greater than that in the CG (6.25 ± 19.74; p=0.04). The difference in social functioning scores between Visit 3 and Visit 1 was9.77 ± 15.12 in the TG, which was greater than that in theCG (–1.56 ± 20.46;p=0.01). The difference in global quality of life (QOL)scores between Visit 2 and Visit 1 was 14.08 ± 18.78 in the TG, which was also greater than that in the CG (1.56 ± 18.14;p=0.003); moreover, the difference in these scores between Visit 3 and Visit 1 was 10.92 ± 17.55 in the TG, and this was greater than that in the CG (1.82 ± 15.8; p=0.05). Conclusions:AM can improve BFI scores; cognitive functioning, social functioning,and global QOL scores inthe EORTC QLQ-C30.Our results suggest thatphysicians should pay close attention to the unmet medical needsof patients with PSF. AM is helpful for treating patients with PSF; however, additional studies with a larger sample and a longer period of investigation are required.
Minnaar, Carrie-Anne. "The efficacy of astragalus membranaceous tincture at maintaining the circulating leucocyte and absolute neutrophil counts of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3161.
Full textAIM: To determine the efficacy of Astragalus membranaceous tincture at maintaining the circulating white blood cell count (WBC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. METHODS: This is an open-label study with an active control group. Both the study and control group consisted of fifteen participants. The participants in the study group each received ten millilitres of Astragalus membranaceous 1:2 tincture daily for the duration of their course of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The overall decrease in the WBC and ANC in the control was 4.9 and 3.13 parts per billion per litre, respectively. The study group showed an overall decrease of 2.7 and 1.9 parts per billion per litre, respectively. The average overall reduction in chemotherapy dose was 4.79 percent in the study group and 20.21 percent in the control. In all of the analyses p > 0.05. The small sample size, poor patient compliance and skewed distribution of the variables hindered the reliability of the results. CONCLUSION: The positive effects observed in the study group cannot be extrapolated to the entire population, however further research is strongly motivated.
Forney, Andra. "Patterns of harvest: investigating the social-ecological relationship between huckleberry pickers and black huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum Dougl. ex Torr.; Ericaceae) in southeastern British Columbia." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7286.
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Lee, Amy. "Conservation of the cyanobacterial circadian clock : comparative studies in nostoc sp. strain PCC 9709, a cyanobacterium isolated from the lichen peltigera membranacea." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14388.
Full textCarvalho, Ana Rita Amaro de. "Urtica spp. Bioactividade e Cultivo." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/28167.
Full textAs urtigas, apesar de comummente conhecidas pela sua picada dolorosa, são também utilizadas pelas suas propriedades terapêuticas. Desde as folhas à raiz, são tradicionalmente utilizadas para tratamento da diabetes, de patologias reumáticas, inflamatórias e hipertensão. De entre as muitas espécies existentes, a Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae), espécie distribuída globalmente, é uma fonte de sais minerais, fibra e proteína, permitindo-lhe ser integrada na alimentação, sendo também reconhecida por utilizações que vão desde o uso da raiz para tratamento da Hiperplasia Benigna da próstata, ao uso das partes aéreas como anti-diurética, anti-reumática e antiinflamatória. Neste trabalho procedeu-se ao estudo de três espécies de urtigas: Urtica dioica, Urtica urens L. (Urticaceae), usada por vezes em substituição da Urtica dioica, e Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny (Urticaceae), sobre a qual são praticamente inexistentes estudos científicos. O principal objectivo foi avaliar a bioactividade das três espécies; anti-oxidante, anti-inflamatória e anti-fúngica, e paralelamente, caracterizar constituintes fenólicos - metabolitos secundários vegetais com propriedades terapêuticas amplamente divulgadas - de modo a destacar, não só a espécie de maior interesse, mas também inferir sobre a natureza química dos compostos que podem contribuir maioritariamente para estas propriedades. Com recurso a técnicas cromatográficas, nomeadamente, HPLC acoplado a dois detectores: fotodíodos e espectrómetro de massa, foi possível identificar pela primeira vez, na Urtica dioica o ácido cafeoiltartárico e o p-cumaroilmalato. As outras duas espécies abordadas, Urtica urens e Urtica membranacea, apesar de menos bioactivas, revelaram também uma presença significativa de compostos fenólicos, tendo sido também identificados, pela primeira vez, na Urtica urens, os ácidos 3-O-cafeoilquínico, 4-O-cafeoilquínico, 5-O-cafeoilquínico e p-cumaroilcafeoilquínico, para além do flavonóide, diosmetina-O-rutinósido. Quanto à Urtica membranacea, espécie cuja distribuição é restrita à região Mediterrânica, demonstrou também algum potencial bioactivo, apesar de nunca antes ter sido objecto de estudos fitoquímicos. Foram identificados sete derivados de ácidos hidroxicinâmicos e dez flavonóides do tipo flavona e flavonol, C-, O,C- e C- glicosilados, assim como trêsderivados do 3-hidroxi-3-metilglutarilo, de distribuição muito pouco referenciada noutras plantas. A Urtica dioica demonstrou ter potencial como antioxidante, superior à das outras espécies testadas, bem como uma forte capacidade anti-inflamatória e alguma actividade anti-fúngica. Consequentemente, esta espécie foi selecionada para um estudo posterior, que permitiu avaliar o órgão aéreo da planta (flores, folhas e caules) que contribuía de modo maioritário para as propriedades bioactivas. As folhas demonstraram ser a parte com maior actividade anti-oxidante e antiinflamatória, bem como a maior concentração em ácidos hidroxicinâmicos, comparativamente à parte aérea total da planta florida. A espécie de maior bioactividade, Urtica dioica, foi também seleccionada para implementar um método de propagação desta espécie. Procedeu-se à optimização de um método de cultivo in vitro e procedeu-se a uma posterior aclimatização para solo, sendo que os resultados obtidos foram bastante promissores para o futuro cultivo in vitro da espécie.
Nettles, although commonly known for their painful sting, are also used for its therapeutic properties. From the leaves to the root, they are traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes, rheumatic, inflammatory disorders, and hypertension. Among the many existing species, Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae), globally distributed species, is a source of minerals, fiber and protein, allowing it to be integrated as food, and also recognized for uses ranging the use of the root to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, the use of aerial parts as anti-diuretic, anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory. In this work we undertook an analysis of three species of nettles: Urtica dioica, Urtica urens L. (Urticaceae), sometimes used as a replacement of Urtica dioica and Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny (Urticaceae), on which scientific studies are virtually nonexistent. The primary objective was to evaluate the bioactivity of the three species; anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal, and in parallel, characterizing phenolic constituents - plant secondary metabolites with therapeutic properties widely disseminated - in order to highlight not only the species of greatest interest, but also to infer the chemical nature of compounds which can largely contribute to these properties. With the use of chromatographic techniques, including HPLC coupled to two detectors: photo diodes and the mass spectrometer, it was identified for the first time, in Urtica dioica, caffeoyltartaric and p-coumaroylmalate acids. The other two species addressed, Urtica urens and Urtica membranacea, although less bioactive also revealed a significant presence of phenolic compounds being also identified for the first time in Urtica urens, 3-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O - caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic and p-coumaroyl-caffeoylquinic acids, in addition to flavonoid diosmetin-O-rutinoside. Urtica membranacea, whose distribution is restricted to the Mediterranean region, also showed some bioactive potential, despite it has never been submitted to phytochemical nor bioactivity studies. There were seven derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acids and ten flavonoids, flavone and flavonol-type, C-, O, C- and C- glycosides identified, as well as three derivatives of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl, with distribution rarely referenced in other plants. Urtica dioica demonstrated an antioxidant potential superior than that of other species tested, as well as a strong anti-inflammatory ability and some anti-fungalactivity. Consequently, this species was selected for further study, which allowed us to assess the aerial plant organ (flowers, leaves and stems) with major contribution for bioactive properties. The leafs have proven to be the part with greater anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory activity, as well the higher concentration in hydroxycinnamic acids, compared to total aerial parts of the flowering plant. The species with highest bioactivity, Urtica dioica, has also been selected to implement a propagation method for the species. There was an optimization for in vitro cultivation method and we proceeded to acclimatization to soil, and the results were quite promising for the future growth of the species in vitro.
Yorke, Alana F. "Interactions Between an Invasive Epiphytic Bryozoan and Species of Rocky Subtidal Habitats of Nova Scotia." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/13111.
Full textStraka, Jason Ryan. "Humming along or buzzing off?: the elusive consequences of plant-pollinator mismatches and factors limiting seed set in the Coast Range of British Columbia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4326.
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