Relevant bibliographies by topics / Melt loss

Academic literature on the topic 'Melt loss'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Melt loss"

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Kriegsman, L. M. "Quantitative field methods for estimating melt production and melt loss." Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part A: Solid Earth and Geodesy 26, no. 4-5 (April 2001): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-1895(01)00052-7.

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Ni, Peng, Youxue Zhang, and Yunbin Guan. "Volatile loss during homogenization of lunar melt inclusions." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 478 (November 2017): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.09.010.

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Mercer, Cameron M., and Kip V. Hodges. "Diffusive loss of argon in response to melt vein formation in polygenetic impact melt breccias." Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 122, no. 8 (August 2017): 1650–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017je005312.

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Djurdjevic, Mile, Srecko Manasijevic, Slavko Smiljanic, and Marko Ristic. "Quantification of Modifiers Fading during Melt Holding in the Aluminum Casting Furnace." Crystals 13, no. 2 (January 21, 2023): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020191.

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Strontium (Sr) and sodium (Na) are the most used modifiers in the aluminum casting industry. Both lose their concentration (fade) during holding in the melting furnace. Three types of chemical reactions in the melt may cause modifier fading: vaporizing, oxidizing, or reacting with some other elements from the melt. Due to Na and Sr’s very low vapor pressure, their vaporization from the aluminum melt was excluded as a reason for the modifiers’ fading. Oxidation looks like the major chemical reaction that causes the fading of Na and Sr from an aluminum melt. The present paper aimed to quantify the fading of Na and Sr in an Al–Si–Cu–Mg alloy. The loss of modifiers (Na and Sr) during melt holding in a furnace can be analytically quantified using equations taken from the literature. The calculated surface reaction rate constant (ks) can estimate the modifier’s loss during melt holding in industrial and laboratory furnaces.
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Diamond, Rachel, Louise C. Sime, David Schroeder, and Maria-Vittoria Guarino. "The contribution of melt ponds to enhanced Arctic sea-ice melt during the Last Interglacial." Cryosphere 15, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): 5099–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-5099-2021.

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Abstract. The Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 3 (HadGEM3) is the first coupled climate model to simulate an ice-free Arctic during the Last Interglacial (LIG), 127 000 years ago. This simulation appears to yield accurate Arctic surface temperatures during the summer season. Here, we investigate the causes and impacts of this extreme simulated ice loss. We find that the summer ice melt was predominantly driven by thermodynamic processes: atmospheric and ocean circulation changes did not significantly contribute to the ice loss. We demonstrate these thermodynamic processes were significantly impacted by melt ponds, which formed on average 8 d earlier during the LIG than during the pre-industrial control (PI) simulation. This relatively small difference significantly changed the LIG surface energy balance and impacted the albedo feedback. Compared to the PI simulation: in mid-June, of the absorbed flux at the surface over ice-covered cells (sea-ice concentration > 0.15), ponds accounted for 45 %–50 %, open water 35 %–45 %, and bare ice and snow 5 %–10 %. We show that the simulated ice loss led to large Arctic sea surface salinity and temperature changes. The sea surface temperature and salinity signals we identify here provide a means to verify, in marine observations, if and when an ice-free Arctic occurred during the LIG. Strong LIG correlations between spring melt pond and summer ice area indicate that, as Arctic ice continues to thin in future, the spring melt pond area will likely become an increasingly reliable predictor of the September sea-ice area. Finally, we note that models with explicitly modelled melt ponds seem to simulate particularly low LIG sea-ice area. These results show that models with explicit (as opposed to parameterised) melt ponds can simulate very different sea-ice behaviour under forcings other than the present day. This is of concern for future projections of sea-ice loss.
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Knapp, J. A., L. R. Thompson, and G. J. Collins. "The role of radiation in melt stability in zone-melt recrystallization of SOI." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 5 (May 1990): 998–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.0998.

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Under circumstances in Zone-Melt-Recrystallization (ZMR) of Si-on-Insulator (SOI) structures where radiative heat loss is significant, the ∼50% decrease in emissivity when Si melts destabilizes the Si molten zone. We have demonstrated this both experimentally using a slowly scanned e-beam line source and numerically with a finite-element computational simulation. The resulting instability narrows the process window and tightens requirements on beam control and background heating uniformity, both for e-beam ZMR systems and optically-coupled systems such as a graphite strip heater.
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Hall, Dorothy K., Richard S. Williams, Scott B. Luthcke, and Nicolo E. Digirolamo. "Greenland ice sheet surface temperature, melt and mass loss: 2000–06." Journal of Glaciology 54, no. 184 (2008): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214308784409170.

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AbstractA daily time series of ‘clear-sky’ surface temperature has been compiled of the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) using 1 km resolution moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land-surface temperature (LST) maps from 2000 to 2006. We also used mass-concentration data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to study mass change in relationship to surface melt from 2003 to 2006. The mean LST of the GIS increased during the study period by ∼0.27°C a−1. The increase was especially notable in the northern half of the ice sheet during the winter months. Melt-season length and timing were also studied in each of the six major drainage basins. Rapid (<15 days) and sustained mass loss below 2000 m elevation was triggered in 2004 and 2005 as recorded by GRACE when surface melt begins. Initiation of large-scale surface melt was followed rapidly by mass loss. This indicates that surface meltwater is flowing rapidly to the base of the ice sheet, causing acceleration of outlet glaciers, thus highlighting the metastability of parts of the GIS and the vulnerability of the ice sheet to air-temperature increases. If air temperatures continue to rise over Greenland, increased surface melt will play a large role in ice-sheet mass loss.
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White, R. W., and R. Powell. "Melt loss and the preservation of granulite facies mineral assemblages." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, no. 7 (September 2002): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00206.x.

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White, R. W., and R. Powell. "Melt loss and the preservation of granulite facies mineral assemblages." Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20, no. 7 (July 29, 2002): 621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00206_20_7.x.

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Burton, K. W., A. S. Cohen, and R. K. O'Nions. "Investigation of dehydration and melt loss in the lower crust." Chemical Geology 70, no. 1-2 (August 1988): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90213-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Melt loss"

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Stuck, Tristan James. "Mineral equilibria constraints on open-system melting and consequences of melt loss in metabasic rocks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23028.

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Metabasic rocks constitute a significant proportion of the rock types found within orogenic metamorphic terranes, and the high temperature (T), suprasolidus behaviour of these lithologies provide an important contribution to the process of internal differentiation in the continental crust. The recent development of thermodynamic activity-composition (a-x) relations for high T mineral and melt phases allows the processes of melt generation and segregation to be quantified using high-resolution mineral equilibria modelling for the first time. In this work, calculated Pressure-Temperature (P-T) and Temperature-Mol. % SiO₂ (T-MSiO₂) phase diagrams are used to investigate the suprasolidus evolution of representative amphibolite and eclogite compositions under orogenic P-T conditions in the crust.
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Elder, Catherine Margaret. "The Effects of Melt on Impact Craters on Icy Satellites and on the Dynamics of Io's Interior." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556825.

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Over the last fifty years, our knowledge of the Solar System has increased exponentially. Many planetary surfaces were seen for the first time through spacecraft observations. Yet the interiors of most planetary bodies remain poorly studied. This dissertation focuses on two main topics: the formation of central pit craters and what this reveals about the subsurface volatile content of the target material, and the mantle dynamics of Io and how they relate to the extensive volcanism on its surface. Central pit craters are seen on icy satellites, Mars, the Moon, and Mercury. They have terraced rims, flat floors, and a pit at or near their center. Several formation mechanisms have been suggested. This dissertation assesses the feasibility of central pit crater formation via drainage of impact melt through impact-generated fractures. For impacts on Ganymede, the expected volume of melt and volume of fracture space generated during the impact and the volume of melt able to drain before fractures freeze shut all exceed the observed central pit volumes on Ganymede. This suggests that drainage of impact melt could contribute to central pit crater formation on Ganymede. Molten rock draining through solid rock fractures will freeze shut more rapidly, so this work suggests that impact melt drainage is unlikely to be a significant factor in the formation of central pit craters on rocky bodies unless a significant amount of volatiles are present in the target. Io is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System. While volcanoes are most often associated with plate tectonics on Earth, Io shows no signs of plate tectonics. Previous work has suggested that Io could lose a significant fraction of its internal heat through volcanic eruptions. In this dissertation, I investigate the relationship between mantle convection and magma generation, migration by porous flow, and eruptions on Io. I couple convective scaling laws to a model solving the two-phase flow equations applied to a rising column of mantle. I show that Io has a partially molten upper mantle and loses the majority of its internal heat through volcanic eruption. Next, I present two-dimensional numerical simulations that self-consistently solve the two-phase flow equations including mantle convection and magma generation, migration by porous flow, and eruption. These simulations produce a high heat flux due to volcanic eruption, a thick lithosphere, a partially molten upper mantle, and a high eruption rate—all consistent with observations of Io. This model also reveals the eruption rate oscillates around the statistical steady state average eruption rate suggesting that the eruption rate and total heat flux measurements from the past 35 years may not be representative of Io's long term behavior.
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TAKAHASHI, Takafumi, Kazuya TANAKA, and Iwao KAWABE. "Lanthanide tetrad effect of Naegi granite-pegmatite suite, central Japan : Convex tetrad effect by fractional loss of fluid from hydrous felsic melt." Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12873.

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Mantheni, Dhruthiman Reddy. "NOVEL SOLIS STATE PROPERTIES OF DRUGS, POLYMERS AND VARIOUS CHEMICALS BY THERMAL AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1356019701.

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Harrison, K. A. "The fate of sulphur dioxide in meat products." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233204.

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Kraft, David J. "A needs asses[s]ment of risk control services for Rotterdam International Safety Center, the Netherlands." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999kraft.pdf.

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Childress, Lawrence D. "Shifts in Ritual Response to Loss due to Death: An Assessment of Funeral Service Mourning Trends over Time." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2613.

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Bereavement, while universal, is experienced and expressed uniquely; it is both ultimate and particular. As the predominant social expression of grief, funerals are purported to be waning and/or transitioning to emergent, less conventional ceremonial forms. In this research, the possible salutary utility of funerals is outlined, and trends relative to the cost, nature (type), and prevalence of funeral services are examined relative to an extant data set from two funeral homes of shared ownership in northeast Tennessee. This data analysis of specific funeral trends in south central Appalachia is juxtaposed against the broader backdrop of current theoretical, clinical, and socio-cultural understandings of bereavement, grief, and mourning.
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Fox, Daniel. "D-METHIONINE (D-MET) MECHANISMS UNDERLYING OTOPROTECTION FROM NOISE- AND AMINOGLYCOSIDE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1033.

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D-methionine (D-met) has demonstrated otoprotection from noise-, aminoglycoside-, and cisplatin-induced hearing loss in animal studies. As a result, D-met is currently progressing through translational "bench to bedside" research. However, D-met's exact otoprotective mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated relationships between dose- and time-dependent D-met otoprotection from noise- and aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. Further, the study correlated protective D-met dose to endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation. Specific aim 1 tested D-met dose response protection by auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shift analysis and outer hair cell (OHC) quantification. D-met doses ranging from 25-200 mg/kg/dose were administered to chinchillas every 12 hours five times each before and after steady state noise exposure totaling 10 D-met doses. Results demonstrated optimal, sub-optimal, and supra-optimal bi-phasic D-met otoprotective dose response. Optimal D-met protection from steady state noise occurred at the 50 mg/kg/dose level. OHC quantification confirmed electrophysiological assessment. Specific aim 2 measured D-met rescue protection from steady state noise exposure by ABR threshold shift analysis and OHC quantification. Five intraperitoneal (ip) D-met injections were administered every 12 hours beginning 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, or 48 hours after steady state noise exposure. Results measured full D-met protection when administration began as late as 24 hours after noise secession. Significant partial protection was also measured for the 36 hour delay. OHC quantification confirmed electrophysiological assessment. Specific aim 3 measured D-met preloading protection from steady state noise exposure by ABR threshold shift analysis and OHC quantification. Five ip D-met injections were administered every 12 hours beginning 2, 2.5, or 3 days prior to steady state noise exposure. Results measured significant D-met protection when administration ended as early as 24 hours prior to noise exposure. OHC quantification confirmed electrophysiological assessment. Specific aim 4 tested dose-dependent D-met influence on antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress in steady state noise-exposed chinchillas. One ip D-met injection, ranging from 25 to 200 mg/kg/dose, was administered every 12 hours beginning 2 days prior to steady state noise exposure for a total of 5 injections. Two hours post-noise exposure, animals were sacrificed and serum, liver, and cochleae were collected for endogenous antioxidant analysis. Glutaredoxin 2 (Grx2) was also analyzed 21 days post-noise exposure. Lower D-met doses (25 and 50 mg/kg/dose) increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase activities significantly increased with D-met doses but only at high concentrations (200 mg/kg/dose). At 21 days post-noise, Grx2 activity was significantly decreased in liver but greatly increased in the cochlea with high D-met doses (200 mg/kg/dose). The endogenous enzyme studies suggest optimal protective D-met dose determined in specific aims 1 through 3 may be secondary to increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity which may result from D-met's free radical scavenging characteristics. Glutathione pathway activity increased only with high D-met doses that resulted in less optimal protection in specific aim 1. Thus, D-met-induced glutathione pathway enhancement may be a compensatory or saturation mechanism rather than the primary protective mechanism. Further, the extended pre-loading and rescue protection may be a result of significantly increased s-glutathionylation activity in the cochlea. Specific aim 5 tested D-met protection from impulse noise exposures. D-met dose response, rescue, and antioxidant enzyme assay protocols, similar to those in specific aims 1, 3, and 4 in steady state animals, were performed on impulse noise-exposed chinchillas. D-met provided dose- and time-dependent optimal protection from impulse noise similar to the steady-state noise studies. Optimal D-met protection was measured at the 100 mg/kg/dose level with complete rescue protection as late as 24 hours post-noise exposure. Endogenous enzyme activity measures demonstrated significant superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity increases which correlated with optimal D-met protective dose (100 mg/kg/dose) and catalase and superoxide dismutase activity decreases at the higher doses (200 mg/kg/dose). Specific aim 6 tested dose-dependent D-met protection from tobramycin, amikacin, kanamycin, and gentamicin aminoglycoside antibiotics. Guinea pig animal models were normalized to achieve a 30-40 dB ABR threshold shift with the lowest possible aminoglycoside dose. D-met and the aforementioned single aminoglycoside were administered for 21, 28, 23, or 14 days, respectively. ABRs were collected and assessed at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after drug administration initiation. After the 6-week ABR data collection, cochleae were collected and prepared for OHC quantification. ABR threshold shifts and OHC quantifications demonstrate significant bi-phasic D-met-induced protection from each aminoglycoside type with different D-met doses. OHC quantification confirmed electrophysiological assessment. This study identified optimal protective D-met dose for aminoglycoside- and noise- induced ototoxicity. It also identified optimal protective D-met dose timing for steady state and impulse noise-induced hearing loss. Further, this study has identified dose-dependent D-met-induced endogenous antioxidant changes and Grx2 enhancement, and therefore s-glutathionylation, as a potential mechanism for D-met protection. Thus, dose- and time-dependent D-met protection influences endogenous antioxidant activity, but exact optimal D-met protection will continue to warrant further investigation.
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Castillo, Palacios Miguel Angel. "Determinacion de la carga microbiologica de los principales productos carnicos que se expenden en los mercados de Riobamba /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1999. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,4186.

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Loos, Daniel [Verfasser], Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Melz, and Eckhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Kirchner. "Werkstoffbasierter Festigkeitsnachweis für elektrische Antriebskomponenten / Daniel Loos ; Tobias Melz, Eckhard Kirchner." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1207075531/34.

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Books on the topic "Melt loss"

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Somers, Suzanne. Suzanne Somers' eat, cheat, and melt the fat away. New York: Crown Publishers, 2001.

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Bickford, W. E. Effects of control system failures on transients, accidents, and core-melt frequencies at a combustion engineering pressurized water reactor. Washington, D.C: Division of Risk Anlaysis and Operations, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1986.

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Bickford, W. E. Effects of control system failures on transients, accidents, and core-melt frequencies at a combustion engineering pressurized water reactor. Washington, D.C: Division of Risk Anlaysis and Operations, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1986.

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Kress, Diane. The metabolism miracle cookbook: 175 delicious recipes that can reset your metabolism, melt away fat, and make you thin and healthy for life. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2011.

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Meet Lois Lowry. New York: PowerKids Press, 2006.

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Leach, Andrea Stacy. Meet the lost teddy bears. [S.l]: Paradise Press, 1993.

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Kennedy, Mike. Meet the Dodgers. Chicago: Norwood House Press, 2010.

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Kennedy, Mike. Meet the Dodgers. Chicago, Ill: Norwood House Press, 2010.

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Kennedy, Mike. Meet the Dodgers. Chicago: Norwood House Press, 2010.

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Oates, Joyce Carol. Come meet Muffin. Hopewell, NJ: Ecco Press, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Melt loss"

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van Linden, J. H. L., and H. G. Reavis. "Melt Loss Evaluation." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 165–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48228-6_21.

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van Linden, J. H. L., and H. G. Reavis. "Melt Loss Evaluation." In Essential Readings in Light Metals, 165–72. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118647783.ch21.

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Stewart, D. L. "Commercial Scale Melt Loss Testing Executive Summary." In Recycling of Metals and Engineercd Materials, 1029–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788073.ch89.

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Beerkens, R. G. C. "Silica Loss in Crowns by Reactions with Glass Melt Vapours." In A Collection of Papers Presented at the 66th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 27, Issue 1, 69–80. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470291306.ch6.

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Collings, E. W., M. D. Sumption, K. R. Marken, Zhou Lian, M. V. Parish, and W. J. Carr. "AC Hysteresis Loss, Lower Critical Field, and Critical Current Density at 77 K in Melt Processed YBa2Cu3O7−δ Wires and Rods." In Advances in Superconductivity IV, 153–57. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68195-3_30.

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van Gameren, Sandra. "Interview Loes L." In Leven met een psychisch zieke ouder, 71–76. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-6545-6_8.

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Miller, Karen K. "M55 – Bone Loss in Women with Hypothalamic Amenorrhea." In 2012 Meet-The-Professor: Endocrine Case Management, 168–72. 8401 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 900, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 www.endo-society.org: The Endocrine Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/mtp1.9781936704729.ch26.

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van Hoeve, J. P. "Een angstige patiënt met losse voortanden." In Tandheelkundige casuïstiek, 478–80. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-313-8811-0_91.

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Boersma, Hidde. "An Introduction to Ecomodernism." In The International Library of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Ethics, 163–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63523-7_10.

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AbstractLand use change has detrimental impacts on the planet. It is not only a major cause of biodiversity loss, through habitat destruction and fragmentation, but also an important driver for climate change, through deforestation and peat oxidation. Land use change is mainly driven by food production, of which meat production comprises the major share. Ecomodernists therefore feel reduction of the impact of meat production is paramount for a sustainable future. To achieve this, ecomodernists focus on intensification of the production process to produce more on less land, both through the closing of global yield gaps and through the development of integrated indoor systems like agroparks. On the demand side, ecomodernists feel a diverse strategy is needed, from the development of meat substitutes and lab meat, to the persuasion of consumers to move from beef to monogastrics like pork or chicken.
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Young, Paul. "Eat Meat Crave Repeat: H. Rider Haggard, Lost World Romance and the Global Growth of Britain’s Meat Markets." In Literary and Cultural Production, World-Ecology, and the Global Food System, 21–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76155-4_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Melt loss"

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Werts, Kevin, Calvin G. Barnes, Vali Memeti, and Dustin R. Williams. "WHERE’S THE RHYOLITE? EVIDENCE FOR MELT LOSS AND CRYSTAL ACCUMULATION IN THE TUOLUMNE INTRUSIVE COMPLEX." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302481.

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Duffey, R. B. "The Fukushima Scenario: Estimating the Probability of Core Melt or Damage Following Loss of Total Power and Cooling." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30326.

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We analyze the probability of extensive core damage following loss of offsite power and cooling scenarios, including the past Fukushima-Daiichi events. Because we are interested also in extreme or rare events and “natural” disasters, the analysis is extended to include power recovery data from the recent Superstorm Sandy in the USA, which also caused widespread disruption, flooding and extended power outages. We provide a simple bounding expression for the probability of core damage that not only illustrates the known physics, but also provides relative sensitivity analyses on the key influence of learning.
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Hirt, William H. "INFLUENCES OF MELT COMPOSITION AND HEAT-LOSS RATE ON THE GROWTH OF ALKALI-FELDSPAR MEGACRYSTS IN FELSIC INTRUSIONS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-281947.

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Sato, Matthew M., Vivian Wen Hui Wong, Kincho H. Law, Ho Yeung, Zhuo Yang, Brandon Lane, and Paul Witherell. "Anomaly Detection of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Melt Pool Images Using Combined Unsupervised and Supervised Learning Methods." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88313.

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Abstract Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is one of the most promising forms of Additive Manufacturing (AM), allowing easily customized metal manufactured parts. Industry use is currently limited due to the often unknown and unreliable part quality, which is largely caused by the complex relationships between process parameters that include laser power, laser speed, scan strategy, and other machine settings. Melt pools can be monitored with a camera aligned co-axially with the laser to monitor part quality. However, the number of images acquired can be large, exceeding hundreds of thousands for a single part. This paper investigates how the K-Means algorithm, an unsupervised machine learning method, can be used to cluster images of melt pools based on their shape, including undesirable anomalous melt pools. Another unsupervised learning method in this paper is the U-Net autoencoder, which identifies anomalous melt pools by identifying images with a large reconstruction loss. The K-Means clustering or autoencoder provides labels that can be used for training a convolutional neural network image classifier. The image classifier can then be used to identify anomalous melt pools during the LPBF process. This paper provides a first step for real-time process control of the LPBF process by demonstrating how anomalous melt pools can be automatically identified in real-time.
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Ha, Kwang Soon, Hwan Yeol Kim, Jongtae Kim, and Jong Hwa Park. "An Evaluation of a Direct Corium Cooling Method for the Ex-Vessel Melt Retention." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29141.

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An evaluation of the ex-vessel core catcher system of a sample advanced light water reactor was presented. The core catcher was designed to cool down the molten corium through a combined injection of water and gas from the bottom of the molten corium, which could be effective in the reduction of rapid steam generation and in the suppression of a steam explosion. By using the MELCOR code, a scenario analysis was performed for a representative severe accident scenario of the ALWR, that is, the 6-inches large break loss of coolant accident without safe injection. The corium spreading regime was estimated by an asymptotic calculation. The composition of the molten corium, the decay power level, and the sacrificial concrete ablation depth with time were obtained by a sacrificial concrete ablation analysis. The corium cooling history in the core catcher during the coolant injection was evaluated to calculate the temporal steam generation rate by considering an energy conservation equation. These were used as the major inputs for the temporal calculations of containment pressure which was performed by using the GASFLOW code. Several cases with change of water and gas injection rates were calculated. It was confirmed that the bottom water injection system was an effective corium cooling method in the ex-vessel core catcher to preclude a possible steam explosion and to suppress the quick release of steam.
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Bi, Xiaolong, Peiwei Sun, and Xinyu Wei. "Analysis of Severe Accident Induced by Loss of Coolant Accident for a Small Pressurized Water Reactor." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-92167.

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Abstract Small pressurized water reactors (PWRs) have become a new trend in the current nuclear energy development due to their many advantages, such as compact equipment layout, high thermal efficiency, and strong cycle capability. Compared with large PWRs, small PWRs are designed to reduce the coolant inventory and increase the core power density, which is not good for nuclear safety. Severe accident studies on large PWRs cannot be directly applied to small PWRs. Loss of coolant accident is one of the main inducements of reactor core melting, which needs to be focused on prevention and treatment. It is of great significance for the safe operation of small PWRs to analyze and study severe accident induced by loss of coolant accident. In this paper, MELCOR is used to establish the severe accident analysis model of the primary loop system of a small PWR, and the loss of coolant accident is introduced to obtain the accident sequence from the shutdown of the reactor until the core degradation. At the same time, the core pressure, core liquid level and other key parameters are analyzed. The results show that in the case of a severe accident, compared with the large PWR, the small PWR takes a faster time for the pressure of the primary circuit and the containment pressure to reach equilibrium after the break accident occurs. The unbalanced radial power distribution causes the cladding of the 3rd ring to fail first. In the later stage of the severe accident, the melt plays a major role in heating the coolant. During the entire core degradation process, the upper fuel assemblies start to melt first, and the core does not completely collapse. The research results can provide reference for the formulation of severe accident management guidelines for small PWRs.
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Nandi, Shubhra Kamal, Rakesh Kumar, Anubhav, and Anupam Agrawal. "Prediction of Melt-Pool Characteristics in SLM Process for Ti6Al4V Using a Semi-Analytical Model." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-63751.

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Abstract Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a powder-based layer-by-layer manufacturing technique to produce metallic customized shape components. The exceptionally high thermal gradient induces residual stress and distorts the part geometry affecting the yield quality. Computational models are instrumental in optimizing the process controls to fabricate high-quality components, and hence several such methods have been explored to simulate the thermal behavior of the process and the heat transfer in the melt-pool. Most of the practiced techniques are computationally expensive, making it infeasible to perform a parametric study. Based on closed-form exact heat conduction solution and Finite Volume Method (FVM), a pseudo-analytical thermal modeling approach has been employed to estimate the melt-pool characteristics and temperature distribution of the SLM process. A moving volumetric Gaussian heat source laser model and Green’s function have been adopted to model the heat input by conduction. The heat loss by conduction and convection has been calculated by implementing Finite Volume discretized equations on a 2-dimensional thin-walled domain with appropriate part boundary conditions. Additionally, the Alternating Direction Implicit iterative technique has been implemented for the fast convergence of the simulation. The model is used to demonstrate the influence of the process parameters and non-linear material phase change for a single-line single layer and multilayer part fabrication. The computed melt-pool dimensions and temperature distribution for varying laser-power, scanning velocity, and layer thickness for Ti6Al4V are validated with the experimental data from the literature with fair agreements.
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Xu, Youyou, Jian Deng, Xiaoji Wang, Lingjun Wu, Ming Zhang, Libo Qian, Rong Cai, Lei Zhong, and Zhengyu Du. "Transient Analysis of Dedicated Pressure Relief Valve Under High-Pressure Condition in Severe Accident for Tianwan 56 Nuclear Power Plant." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16847.

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Abstract In the management of severe accident of nuclear reactor, the pressure relief of reactor coolant system (RCS) is an important mitigation measure to prevent high pressure core melt (HPCM). In the safety system improvement of Tianwan56 nuclear power plant, the optimization measure of adding the dedicated pressure relief valve (DPRV) for severe accident were adopted. This improvement allows the reactor to release the pressure of RCS before the reactor vessel being damaged to mitigate the consequence of reactor melt accident under high-pressure condition. Based on the analysis of severe accident sequences, the total loss of feed water accident is confirmed to cover the various severe accident consequences which may lead to HPCM accident. This paper studied the transient characteristics of total loss of feed water accident sequences, and the factors such as valve opening delay on the operating temperature of the valve were researched. Finally, the representative and envelope operating condition of DPRV under severe accident was clarified. Besides, the temperature curve of fluid passing through the valve and the maximum temperature the valve experienced were obtained. This research provides the valuable and indispensable basis to the operability and integrity analysis of DPRV in severe accident.
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Price, Steven, James Lydon, Ken Cooper, and Kevin Chou. "Temperature Measurements in Powder-Bed Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36661.

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Thermal characteristics such as process temperatures and melt pool sizes offer important information in metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies such as powder-bed electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM). In this study, a near infrared (NIR) thermal imager was employed to acquire build surface process temperatures during EBAM fabrications using Ti-6Al-4V powder. Challenges in NIR temperature measurements for EBAM were tackled including compensating temperatures due to the transmission loss and estimating the emissivity of Ti-6Al-4V in its molten state. At a beam speed of about 728 mm/s, a beam current of about 7.2 mA and a diameter of 0.55 mm, the maximum process temperature is on the order of around 2700 °C, and the melt pools have dimensions of about 2.72 mm and 0.72 mm in length and width, respectively.
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Mercer, C. M., K. V. Hodges, M. C. Van Soest, and C. S. McDonald. "EXPLORING THE PARTIAL LOSS OF 40AR* AND POTENTIAL RECOIL EFFECTS IN TWO APOLLO 16 IMPACT MELT BRECCIAS: COMPARISON OF LASER MICROPROBE AND INCREMENTAL HEATING 40AR/39AR RESULTS." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287070.

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Reports on the topic "Melt loss"

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Dr. Subodh K. Das and Shridas Ningileri. Reduction of Oxidative Melt Loss of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/877410.

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Lederman, Jaimee, Peter Haas, Stephanie Kellogg, Martin Wachs, and Asha Weinstein Agrawal. Do Equity and Accountability Get Lost in LOSTs? An Analysis of Local Return Funding Provisions in California’s Local Option Sales Tax Measures for Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1811.

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This study explores how local return provisions of local option sales taxes (LOSTs) for transportation are allocated and spent to meet local and regional transportation needs. Local return refers to the component of county LOST measures that provides funding directly to municipalities in the county to be used to meet local needs. Local return has become a fixture in LOSTs; 58 LOST measures placed on the ballot in California (as of 2019) that have included local return in their expenditure plan have an average of 35% of revenues dedicated to local return. Local return provisions in the ballot measures often contain guidelines on how a portion of the money should be spent. The allocation of local return funds to localities has rarely been discussed in research, and spending decisions have to our knowledge never been analyzed. This paper conducts a mixed-methods analysis of all LOSTs with local return, relying on ordinances and other public documents related to local return expenditures, and supplemented with interviews with officials in six counties. Findings indicate that local return provisions are crafted to balance the needs of the county across different dimensions, including trying to achieve equity between urban and rural residents, investment in different transportation modes, and meeting both local and regional policy needs. Moreover, significant accountability mechanisms provide regulations to ensure that funds are distributed to and spent by jurisdictions as promised by the measures. Overall, this research finds that local return is a vital part of LOST measures in California, allowing cities to meet local needs ranging from maintenance of local streets to funding for special programs, while simultaneously aligning local investment with regional priorities.
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Cahaner, Avigdor, Sacit F. Bilgili, Orna Halevy, Roger J. Lien, and Kellye S. Joiner. effects of enhanced hypertrophy, reduced oxygen supply and heat load on breast meat yield and quality in broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699855.bard.

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Original objectivesThe objectives of this project were to evaluate the growth performance, meat yield and quality attributes of broiler strains widely differing in their genetic potential under normal temperature vs. warm temperature (short and long-term) conditions. Strain differences in breast muscle accretion rate, metabolic responses under heat load and, gross and histopathological changes in breast muscle under thermal load was also to be characterized. BackgroundTremendous genetic progress has been made in broiler chicken growth rate and meat yield since the 1950s. Higher growth rate is driven by higher rates of feed intake and metabolism, resulting in elevated internal heat production. Hot rearing conditions negatively affect broiler growth by hindering dissipation of heat and may lead to a lethal elevation in body temperature. To avoid heat-induced mortality, broilers reduce feed intake, leading to depressed growth rate, lower weight gain, reduce breast meat yield and quality. Thus, the genetic potential of contemporary commercial broilers (CCB) is not fully expressed under hot conditions. Major conclusions, solutions, and achievementsResearch conducted in Israel focused on three broiler strains – CCB, Featherless, Feathered sibs (i.e., sharing similar genetic background). Complimentary research trials conducted at Auburn utilized CCB (Cobb 500, Cobb 700, Ross 308, Ross 708), contrasting their performance to slow growing strains. Warm rearing conditions consistently reduced feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency, body weight uniformity and breast muscle yield, especially pronounced with CCB and magnified with age. Breast meat quality was also negatively affected, as measured by higher drip loss and paler meat color. Exposure to continuous or short-term heat stress induced respiratory alkalosis. Breast muscle histomorphometrics confirmed enhanced myofiber hypertrophy in CCB. Featherless broilers exhibited a significant increase in blood-vessel density under warm conditions. Rapid growth and muscle accretion rate was correlated to various myopathies (white striping, woody and necrotic) as well as to increases in plasma creatinekinase levels. Whether the trigger(s) of muscle damage is loss of cellular membrane integrity due to oxidative damage or tissue lactate accumulation, or to loss of inter-compartmental cation homeostasis is yet to be determined. Based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping, identification of the gene with the recessive mutation Scaleless (sc) facilitated the development a dCAPS assay to discriminate between sc carrier (sc/+) and non-carrier (+/+) individuals. ImplicationsThis project confirmed that featherless broiler strains grow efficiently with high yield and quality of breast meat, even under warm rearing conditions that significantly depress the overall performance of CCB. Therefore, broiler meat production in hot regions and climates can be substantially improved by introducing the featherless gene into contemporary commercial broiler stocks. This approach has become more feasible with the development of dCAPS assay. A novel modification of the PCR protocol (using whole blood samples instead of extracted DNA) may contribute to the efficient development of commercial featherless broiler strains. Such strains will allow expansion of the broiler meat production in developing countries in warm climates, where energy intensive environmental control of rearing facilities are not economical and easily achievable.
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Yahav, Shlomo, John Brake, and Orna Halevy. Pre-natal Epigenetic Adaptation to Improve Thermotolerance Acquisition and Performance of Fast-growing Meat-type Chickens. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592120.bard.

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: The necessity to improve broiler thermotolerance and performance led to the following hypothesis: (a) thethermoregulatory-response threshold for heat production can be altered by thermal manipulation (TM) during incubation so as to improve the acquisition of thermotolerance in the post-hatch broiler;and (b) TM during embryogenesis will improve myoblast proliferation during the embryonic and post-hatch periods with subsequent enhanced muscle growth and meat production. The original objectives of this study were as follow: 1. to assess the timing, temperature, duration, and turning frequency required for optimal TM during embryogenesis; 2. to evaluate the effect of TM during embryogenesis on thermoregulation (heat production and heat dissipation) during four phases: (1) embryogenesis, (2) at hatch, (3) during growth, and (4) during heat challenge near marketing age; 3. to investigate the stimulatory effect of thermotolerance on hormones that regulate thermogenesis and stress (T₄, T₃, corticosterone, glucagon); 4. to determine the effect of TM on performance (BW gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield, breast muscle yield) of broiler chickens; and 5. to study the effect of TM during embryogenesis on skeletal muscle growth, including myoblast proliferation and fiber development, in the embryo and post-hatch chicks.This study has achieved all the original objectives. Only the plasma glucagon concentration (objective 3) was not measured as a result of technical obstacles. Background to the topic: Rapid growth rate has presented broiler chickens with seriousdifficulties when called upon to efficiently thermoregulate in hot environmental conditions. Being homeotherms, birds are able to maintain their body temperature (Tb) within a narrow range. An increase in Tb above the regulated range, as a result of exposure to environmental conditions and/or excessive metabolic heat production that often characterize broiler chickens, may lead to a potentially lethal cascade of irreversible thermoregulatory events. Exposure to temperature fluctuations during the perinatal period has been shown to lead to epigenetic temperature adaptation. The mechanism for this adaptation was based on the assumption that environmental factors, especially ambient temperature, have a strong influence on the determination of the “set-point” for physiological control systems during “critical developmental phases.” In order to sustain or even improve broiler performance, TM during the period of embryogenesis when satellite cell population normally expand should increase absolute pectoralis muscle weight in broilers post-hatch. Major conclusions: Intermittent TM (39.5°C for 12 h/day) during embryogenesis when the thyroid and adrenal axis was developing and maturing (E7 to E16 inclusive) had a long lasting thermoregulatory effect that improved thermotolerance of broiler chickens exposed to acute thermal stress at market age by lowering their functional Tb set point, thus lowering metabolic rate at hatch, improving sensible heat loss, and significantly decreasing the level of stress. Increased machine ventilation rate was required during TM so as to supply the oxygen required for the periods of increased embryonic development. Enhancing embryonic development was found to be accomplished by a combination of pre-incubation heating of embryos for 12 h at 30°C, followed by increasing incubation temperature to 38°C during the first 3 days of incubation. It was further facilitated by increasing turning frequency of the eggs to 48 or 96 times daily. TM during critical phases of muscle development in the late-term chick embryo (E16 to E18) for 3 or 6 hours (39.5°C) had an immediate stimulatory effect on myoblast proliferation that lasted for up to two weeks post-hatch; this was followed by increased hypertrophy at later ages. The various incubation temperatures and TM durations focused on the fine-tuning of muscle development and growth processes during late-term embryogenesis as well as in post-hatch chickens.
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Luo, Pan, Fuqiang Gao, Nianfei Zhang, Hongwei Yu, Ke Xu, and Peng Xu. Evaluation of tranexamic acid after total hip arthroplasty over 60 years old in China: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0048.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid after total hip arthroplasty in patients older than 60 years old in China by meta-analysis. Participant or population: All trials included in our study meet the following criteria: (1) All studies were original RCTs; (2) The mean age of patients for each study was ≥ 60 years old; (3) Patients were received total hip arthroplasty in all studies; (4) All studies included oral and iv or topical groups, with a comparison of outcomes between the two groups; (5) The full text of the included literature can be obtained, and the measurement data of hemoglobin drop, total blood loss, transfusion rate, complication, length of stay can be extracted. The following studies were excluded from the meta-analysis: nonrandomized studies; the patients with age<60; studies not suitable with the inclusive criteria; and articles for which we were unable to obtain the full text and relevant data for pooled analysis.
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Piercy, Candice, Safra Altman, Todd Swannack, Carra Carrillo, Emily Russ, and John Winkelman. Expert elicitation workshop for planning wetland and reef natural and nature-based features (NNBF) futures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41665.

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This special report discusses the outcomes of a September 2019 workshop intended to identify barriers to the consideration and implementation of natural and nature-based features (NNBF) in US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) civil works projects. A total of 23 participants representing seven USACE districts, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), and the University of California–Santa Cruz met at USACE’s South Atlantic Division Headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, to discuss how to facilitate the implementation of NNBF into USACE project planning for wetlands and reefs using six categories: (1) site characterization, (2) engineering and design analysis, (3) life-cycle analysis, (4) economic analysis, (5) construction analysis, (6) and operation and maintenance (and monitoring). The workshop identified seven future directions in wetland and reef NNBF research and development: • Synthesize existing literature and analysis of existing projects to better define failure modes. • Determine trigger points that lead to loss of feature function. • Identify performance factors with respect to coastal storm risk management (CSRM) performance as well as ecological performance. • Focus additional research into cobenefits of NNBF. • Quantify the economic life-cycle costs of a project. • Improve technology transfer with regards to NNBF research and topics.
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Yoozbashizadeh, Mahdi, and Forouzan Golshani. Robotic Parking Technology for Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Control Around Park & Rides. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1936.

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A lack or limited availability for parking may have multiple consequences, not the least of which is driver frustration, congestion, and air pollution. However, there is a greater problem that is not widely recognized by the public, namely the negative effect on the use of transit systems due to insufficient parking spaces close to key transit stations. Automated parking management systems, which have been successfully deployed in several European and Japanese cities, can manage parking needs at transit stations more effectively than other alternatives. Numerous studies have confirmed that quick and convenient automobile access to park-and-ride lots can be essential to making public transit competitive with the automobile in suburban areas. Automated parking systems use a robotic platform that carries each vehicle to one of the locations in a custom designed structure. Each location is designed compactly so that considerably more vehicles can be parked in the automated garages than the traditional parking lots. Central to the design of these systems are three key technologies, namely: 1. Mechanical design and the operation of vehicle transfer, i.e., the robotic platform 2. Structural and architectural requirements to meet safety and earthquake standards, among other design imperatives, 3. Automation and intelligent control issues as related to the overall operation and system engineering. This article concerns the first technology, and more specifically the design of the robotic platform for vehicle transfers. We will outline the overall design of the robot and the shuttle, followed by a description of the prototype that was developed in our laboratories. Subsequently, performance related issues and scalability of the current design will be analyzed.
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Marcos Barba, Liliana, Hilde van Regenmortel, and Ellen Ehmke. Shelter from the Storm: The global need for universal social protection in times of COVID-19. Oxfam, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7048.

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As 2020 draws to a close, the economic devastation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic shows no sign of abating. Without urgent action, global poverty and inequality will deepen dramatically. Hundreds of millions of people have already lost their jobs, gone further into debt or skipped meals for months. Research by Oxfam and Development Pathways shows that over 2 billion people have had no support from their governments in their time of need. Our analysis shows that none of the social protection support to those who are unemployed, elderly people, children and families provided in low- and middle-income countries has been adequate to meet basic needs. 41% of that government support was only a one-off payment and almost all government support has now stopped. Decades of social policy focused on tiny levels of means-tested support have left most countries completely unprepared for the COVID-19 economic crisis. Yet, countries such as South Africa and Bolivia have shown that a universal approach to social protection is affordable, and that it has a profound impact on reducing inequality and protecting those who need it most. In addition to the full paper and executive summary, an Excel file with the data analysed by Oxfam and Development Pathways is available to download on this page, along with an annex on the crisis in Latin America and the Caribbean.
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Aryal, Jeetendra Prakash. Contribution of Agriculture to Climate Change and Low-Emission Agricultural Development in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/vaoy9373.

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The agriculture sector in Asia and the Pacific region contributes massively to climate change, as the region has the largest share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. The region is the largest producer of rice, a major source of methane emissions. Further, to achieve food security for the increasing population, there has been a massive increase in the use of synthetic fertilizer and energy in agricultural production in the region over the last few decades. This has led to an enormous rise in nitrous oxide (N2O; mostly from fertilizer-N use) and carbon dioxide (mostly from energy use for irrigation) emissions from agriculture. Besides this, a substantial increase in livestock production for meat and dairy products has increased methane emissions, along with other environmental problems. In this context, this study conducts a systematic review of strategies that can reduce emissions from the agriculture sector using a multidimensional approach, looking at supply-side, demand-side, and cross-cutting measures. The review found that though there are huge potentials to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture, significant challenges exist in monitoring and verification of GHG emissions from supply-side measures, shifting to sustainable consumption behavior with regard to food consumption and use, and the design and implementation of regulatory and incentive mechanisms. On the supply side, policies should focus on the upscaling of climate-smart agriculture primarily through expanding knowledge and improving input use efficiency in agriculture, while on the demand side, there is a need to launch a drive to reduce food loss and waste and also to move towards sustainable consumption. Therefore, appropriate integration of policies at multiple levels, as well as application of multiple measures simultaneously, can increase mitigation potential as desired by the Paris Agreement and also help to achieve several of the United Nations’ SDGs.
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Aryal, Jeetendra P. Contribution of Agriculture to Climate Change and Low-Emission Agricultural Development in Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/wdbc4659.

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The agriculture sector in the Asia and Pacific region contributes massively to climate change, as the region has the largest share of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. The region is the largest producer of rice, a major source of methane emissions. Further, to achieve food security for the increasing population, there has been a massive increase in the use of synthetic fertilizer and energy in agricultural production in the region over the last few decades. This has led to an enormous rise in nitrous oxide (N2O) (mostly from fertilizer-N use) and carbon dioxide (mostly from energy use for irrigation) emissions from agriculture. Besides this, a substantial increase in livestock production for meat and dairy products has increased methane emissions, along with other environmental problems. In this context, we conduct a systematic review of strategies that can reduce emissions from the agriculture sector using a multidimensional approach, looking at supply-side, demand-side, and cross-cutting measures. The review found that though there is a huge potential to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture, significant challenges exist in monitoring and verification of GHG emissions from supply-side measures, shifting to sustainable consumption behavior with regard to food consumption and use, and the design and implementation of regulatory and incentive mechanisms. On the supply side, policies should focus on the upscaling of climate-smart agriculture primarily through expanding knowledge and improving input use efficiency in agriculture, while on the demand side, there is a need to launch a drive to reduce food loss and waste and also to move toward sustainable consumption. Therefore, appropriate integration of policies at multiple levels, as well as application of multiple measures simultaneously, can increase mitigation potential as desired by the Paris Agreement and also help to achieve several of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
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