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Journal articles on the topic 'Melt elasticity'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Xanthos, M., and D. W. Yu. "Instrumentation news: Measuring melt elasticity—the melt elasticity indexer." Advances in Polymer Technology 10, no. 3 (1990): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.1990.060100309.

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2

Shenoy, A. V., and D. R. Saini. "Estimation of melt elasticity of degraded polymer from melt flow index." Polymer Degradation and Stability 11, no. 4 (January 1985): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(85)90034-5.

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3

Utracki, L. A. "Rheology of PVC. Part 5: Melt elasticity." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 8, no. 4 (December 1986): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730080405.

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4

Saengow, C., A. J. Giacomin, and C. Kolitawong. "Knuckle formation from melt elasticity in plastic pipe extrusion." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 242 (April 2017): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnnfm.2017.02.003.

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5

Joseph, Susan, Zachariah Oommen, and Sabu Thomas. "Melt elasticity and extrudate characteristics of polystyrene/polybutadiene blends." Materials Letters 53, no. 4-5 (April 2002): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(01)00491-8.

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6

Maxwell, Bryce. "The application of melt elasticity measurements to polymer processing." Polymer Engineering and Science 26, no. 20 (November 1986): 1405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760262009.

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7

Резанова, Н. М., and А. Ю. Сад. "ВПЛИВ НАНОНАПОВНЮВАЧА НА РЕОЛОГІЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ РОЗПЛАВІВ ПОЛІМЕРІВ ТА ЇХ СУМІШЕЙ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 126, no. 5 (February 12, 2019): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2018.5.12.

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Studying the influence of additives of nano-sized aluminium oxide on the patterns of Polypropylene (PP) and mixture PP/CPA (copolyamide) melt flow. The mixtures were obtained by the prior injection of the nano-filler to the PP melt with the further mixing of granula with CPA on the worm-disk extruder. Viscosity (η) of melts was examined by the method of capillary viscometry and the elasticity was studied by value of extrudate equilibrium swelling. The melts ability to longitudinal deformation was evaluated by the maximum stretch rating.

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8

Capuano, G., G. Filippone, G. Romeo, and D. Acierno. "Universal Features of the Melt Elasticity of Interacting Polymer Nanocomposites." Langmuir 28, no. 12 (March 12, 2012): 5458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la205105m.

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9

Khanna, Y. P., and K. R. Slusarz. "Dynamic melt rheology. II: Re-examining the relationship ofg′ in oscillatory rheometry to the melt elasticity." Polymer Engineering and Science 33, no. 2 (January 1993): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760330211.

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10

Mavrantzas, Vlasis G., and Doros N. Theodorou. "Atomistic Simulation of Polymer Melt Elasticity: Calculation of the Free Energy of an Oriented Polymer Melt." Macromolecules 31, no. 18 (September 1998): 6310–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma9714878.

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11

Hong, XU, WU Daming, LIU Ying, and ZHANG Yajun. "Research on Measurement Method for Polymer Melt Bulk Modulus of Elasticity." Procedia Engineering 16 (2011): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.1054.

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12

Ignat’ev, I. E., E. A. Pastukhov, and E. V. Ignat’eva. "On the “elasticity” of waves during vibrating action on a melt." Russian Metallurgy (Metally) 2015, no. 8 (August 2015): 603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036029515080054.

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13

Nair, Sobha V., Zachariah Oommen, and Sabu Thomas. "Melt elasticity and flow activation energy of nylon 6/polystyrene blends." Materials Letters 57, no. 2 (December 2002): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(02)00815-7.

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14

Ariffin, A., S. S. Jikan, M. S. F. Samsudin, Z. M. Ariff, and Z. A. M. Ishak. "Melt Elasticity Phenomenon of Multicomponent (Talc and Calcium Carbonate) Filled Polypropylene." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 25, no. 9 (June 2006): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684406063550.

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15

Zhang, Si Deng, Xu Zhen Zhang, Bin Sun, Long Chen, Zhi Yan Ma, and Mei Fang Zhu. "Study on Preparation of Hard Elastic Polypropylene Fibers." Materials Science Forum 743-744 (January 2013): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.743-744.414.

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Polypropylene pre-oriented multifilament were made by melt spinning with fast winding, and then hard elastic polypropylene fibers were made followed by annealing treatment under some conditions. The effects of the conditions of melt spinning and annealing process on the elasticity of polypropylene fibers were studied. The structure and property of hard elastic polypropylene fibers were analyzed by DSC,WAXD,SAXS and Sound velocity anisotropy. The results showed that the hard elasticity of annealed fibers increased with the improving of speed of winding, and the elasticity also increased with the improving of annealing temperature and extension of annealing time, and the elastic recovery rate of PP multifilament can be as high as 93.6%. The crystal phase of unannealed and annealed PP fibers did not change. Annealing leaded to form perfectly the characteristic crystalline structure of crystals of being perpendicular to fiber axis.

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16

Liu, Wei, Xunxian Zhu, Hongxiang Gao, Xiangdong Su, and Xian Wu. "Preparation and characterization of PLA foam chain extended through grafting octa(epoxycyclohexyl) POSS onto carbon nanotubes." Cellular Polymers 39, no. 3 (March 19, 2020): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262489320912521.

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Improving foamability of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) resin is a key issue for its critical foaming applications with high-performance and ultralow density. However, owing to the rheological nature of linear PLA chain structure with relatively low molecular weight, the overall foamability of PLA resin cannot meet the processing requirements of foaming purpose. Here, we describe a simple and versatile technique to prepare high foamability PLA resin by inducing chain extender through grafting octa(epoxycyclohexyl) polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) on carbon nanotubes (CNT). After the orderly assemble of the two nanoparticles, an obvious increase in melt elasticity of PLA is observed. The enhanced melt elasticity of PLA had a significant effect on controlling subsequent foaming behavior. Thus, a homogeneous and finer cellular morphology of PLA rigid foam was obtained with a proper content of CNT-POSS. Eventually, the expansion ratio of chain-extended PLA foam was 13 times higher than that of unmodified PLA foam. The proposed design methodology will potentially pave a way for designing and preparing high-performance PLA rigid foam products.

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17

Ellul, M. D. "Novel Dynamically Vulcanized Elastomer-Polypropylene Blends with Improved Elasticity." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 76, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547734.

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Abstract High elasticity in dynamically vulcanized EPDM-Polypropylene blends, as demonstrated by lower residual deformation upon release of constraint, is a much desired attribute. It has been found that this property can be improved beyond the conventional norms of highly crosslinking the rubber phase. This is achieved through the use of a polypropylene phase with a high degree of long-chain branching. The branching index, g', at molecular weight greater than 1×106 should be less than about 0.6. It is postulated that in the melt and at low frequencies the long-chain branched polypropylene behaves as a network. Therefore in the melt, the dynamically vulcanized alloy behaves as a dual network material: one network being the chemically crosslinked rubber phase, and the other being the physical network arising from the high level of long-chain branching in polypropylene. In the solid state, the co-continuous morphology arising from the choice of long-chain branched polypropylene contributes to the enhanced elasticity of the dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer.

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18

Plochocki, A. P., and L. Czarnecki. "Implications of the Melt Elasticity of Ldpe in the Film Blowing Process." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 6, no. 2 (April 1990): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608799000600206.

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19

Koshy, Alex T., Baby Kuriakose, Sabu Thomas, C. K. Premalatha, and Siby Varghese. "Melt rheology and elasticity of natural rubber—ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer blends." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49, no. 5 (August 5, 1993): 901–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070490516.

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20

Malfait, Wim J., and Carmen Sanchez-Valle. "Effect of water and network connectivity on glass elasticity and melt fragility." Chemical Geology 346 (May 2013): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.04.034.

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21

Haenelt, Taida Gil, Prokopios Georgopanos, Clarissa Abetz, Sofia Rangou, Doreen Alisch, Andreas Meyer, Ulrich A. Handge, and Volker Abetz. "Morphology and elasticity of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene diblock copolymers in the melt." Korea-Australia Rheology Journal 26, no. 3 (August 2014): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13367-014-0031-3.

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22

Haworth, B., M. Gilbert, and D. J. B. MYERS. "Melt-state shear flow and elasticity of a thermoplastic fluorosulphonated—PTFE copolymer." Journal of Materials Science 40, no. 4 (February 2005): 955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-005-6514-3.

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23

Cohen-Addad, J. P. "NMR approach to melt properties: segmental motions, temporary elasticity and terminal relaxation." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 131-133 (June 1991): 693–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(91)90669-w.

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24

Xu, Man, Zhicheng Jing, Suraj K. Bajgain, Mainak Mookherjee, James A. Van Orman, Tony Yu, and Yanbin Wang. "High-pressure elastic properties of dolomite melt supporting carbonate-induced melting in deep upper mantle." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 31 (July 20, 2020): 18285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004347117.

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Deeply subducted carbonates likely cause low-degree melting of the upper mantle and thus play an important role in the deep carbon cycle. However, direct seismic detection of carbonate-induced partial melts in the Earth’s interior is hindered by our poor knowledge on the elastic properties of carbonate melts. Here we report the first experimentally determined sound velocity and density data on dolomite melt up to 5.9 GPa and 2046 K by in-situ ultrasonic and sink-float techniques, respectively, as well as first-principles molecular dynamics simulations of dolomite melt up to 16 GPa and 3000 K. Using our new elasticity data, the calculated VP/VSratio of the deep upper mantle (∼180–330 km) with a small amount of carbonate-rich melt provides a natural explanation for the elevated VP/VSratio of the upper mantle from global seismic observations, supporting the pervasive presence of a low-degree carbonate-rich partial melt (∼0.05%) that is consistent with the volatile-induced or redox-regulated initial melting in the upper mantle as argued by petrologic studies. This carbonate-rich partial melt region implies a global average carbon (C) concentration of 80–140 ppm. by weight in the deep upper mantle source region, consistent with the mantle carbon content determined from geochemical studies.

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25

Abraham, Daniel, K. E. George, and D. J. Francis. "Melt Viscosity and Elasticity of Low Density and Linear Low Density Polyethylene Blends." International Journal of Polymeric Materials 18, no. 3-4 (November 1992): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00914039208029321.

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26

Karaman, V. M., V. F. Shumsky, E. G. Privalko, V. P. Privalko, B. Lehmann, and K. Friedrich. "Melt Viscoelasticity of Polyamide 6/Organoclay Nanocomposites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 11, no. 8 (November 2003): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110301100805.

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Commercial nanocomposites of polyamide 6, prepared by melt compounding with organoclay hybrids, were characterized by complex viscosities and relaxation time spectra derived from storage and loss shear moduli measured in the melt state at 230°C in the frequency window spanning about three decades. The results were rationalized in terms of the following model considerations. The decrease of ~25% (compared to the pristine sample) in Newtonian viscosity at the lowest clay loading (2.5%) suggested a lower equilibrium elasticity modulus of an entangled melt, as if the small amounts of organoclay nanoparticles acted as specific “diluents” for the initial entanglement network. However, at increasing clay contents this effect was apparently taken over by the ever growing importance of strong interactions at the nanoparticle/melt interface, leading to the formation of a fairly thick boundary interphase (BI) around the nanoparticles and, eventually, ending up in the build-up of an “infinite cluster” of clay nanoparticles coated with BI at the highest (albeit still unusually low) clay loading (7.5%).

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27

Atiqah, A. A. S. Maryam, Husseinsyah Salmah, Z. Firuz, and D. N. U. Lan. "Properties of Recycled High Density Polyethylene/Recycled Polypropylene Blends: Effect of Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.837.

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Polymer blending provides an efficient way to develop new materials with improved properties while preserve the primary properties of the materials at lower cost. The blends recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) and recycled polypropylene (rPP) with and without maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) have been investigated. The effect of different blend ratios on tensile properties, morphology and melt flow index were studied. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of both blends increased with increased of rPP in the blend ratios but the elongation at break decreased. It was found that the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of compatibilized rHDPE/rPP blends higher than uncompatibilized blends. The SEM micrograph of tensile fractured surface of compatibilized blends showed better interfacial adhesion and interaction between rHDPE and rPP. The melt flow index of compatibilized blends showed better flowablity than uncompatibilized blends.

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28

Zhou, Yuxing, and Kenneth S. Schweizer. "Theory of microstructure-dependent glassy shear elasticity and dynamic localization in melt polymer nanocomposites." Journal of Chemical Physics 153, no. 11 (September 21, 2020): 114901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0021954.

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29

Wakita, Naoki. "Melt elasticity of incompatible blends of poly(butylene terephthalate)(PBT) and polyamide 6 (PA6)." Polymer Engineering and Science 33, no. 13 (July 1993): 781–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331302.

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30

Jambon-Puillet, Etienne, Matthieu Royer Piéchaud, and P. T. Brun. "Elastic amplification of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability in solidifying melts." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 10 (February 22, 2021): e2020701118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020701118.

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The concomitant mechanical deformation and solidification of melts are relevant to a broad range of phenomena. Examples include the preparation of cotton candy, the atomization of metals, the manufacture of glass fibers, and the formation of elongated structures in volcanic eruptions known as Pele’s hair. Usually, solid-like deformations during solidification are neglected as the melt is much more malleable in its initial liquid-like form. Here we demonstrate how elastic deformations in the midst of solidification, i.e., while the melt responds as a very soft solid (G∼100 Pa), can lead to the formation of previously unknown periodic structures. Namely, we generate an array of droplets on a thin layer of liquid elastomer melt coated on the outside of a rotating cylinder through the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. Then, as the melt cures and goes through its gelation point, the rotation speed is increased and the drops stretch into hairs. The ongoing solidification eventually hardens the material, permanently “freezing” these elastic deformations into a patterned solid. Using experiments, simulation, and theory, we demonstrate that the formation of our two-step patterns can be rationalized when combining the tools from fluid mechanics, elasticity, and statistics. Our study therefore provides a framework to analyze multistep pattern formation processes and harness them to assemble complex materials.

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31

Law, K. M., J. D. Blundy, B. J. Wood, and K. V. Ragnarsdottir. "Trace element partitioning between wollastonite and silicate-carbonate melt." Mineralogical Magazine 64, no. 4 (August 2000): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646100549670.

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AbstractWe have performed an experimental study of the influence of varying size and charge on cation partitioning between wollastonite and silicate-carbonate melt in the system CaCO3-SiO2. The experimental conditions (3 GPa, 1420°C) lie close to the wollastonite II tc/I tc phase boundary. Results for 1+, 2+, 3+ and 4+ partitioning show parabolic dependence of partition coefficients on ionic radius, which can be fitted to the elastic strain model of Blundy and Wood (1994), wherein partitioning is described using three parameters: site radius (r0), site elasticity (apparent Young's Modulus) and the ‘strain-free’ partition coefficient (D0) for an element with radius r0. The apparent Young's Modulus of the Ca site in wollastonite, obtained from modelling the 2+ partitioning data, is 99±3 GPa, similar to the bulk-crystal value for the polymorph wollastonite I tc. r0 decreases with increasing charge on the substituent cation, while D0 also shows an approximately parabolic dependence on charge, with a maximum for 2+ cations. Partition coefficients for divalent cations Zn, Co, Fe, Cd, Mn and Pb are lower than would be predicted from their ionic radii alone, indicating a preference for the melt. This may be a consequence either of cation-carbonate complexation in the melt, or of the more distorted nature of cation co-ordination environments in melts.

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32

Panyukov, Sergey. "Theory of Flexible Polymer Networks: Elasticity and Heterogeneities." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040767.

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A review of the main elasticity models of flexible polymer networks is presented. Classical models of phantom networks suggest that the networks have a tree-like structure. The conformations of their strands are described by the model of a combined chain, which consists of the network strand and two virtual chains attached to its ends. The distribution of lengths of virtual chains in real polydisperse networks is calculated using the results of the presented replica model of polymer networks. This model describes actual networks having strongly overlapping and interconnected loops of finite sizes. The conformations of their strands are characterized by the generalized combined chain model. The model of a sliding tube is represented, which describes the general anisotropic deformations of an entangled network in the melt. I propose a generalization of this model to describe the crossover between the entangled and phantom regimes of a swollen network. The obtained dependence of the Mooney-Rivlin parameters C 1 and C 2 on the polymer volume fraction is in agreement with experiments. The main results of the theory of heterogeneities in polymer networks are also discussed.

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33

Avella, Angelica, Rosica Mincheva, Jean-Marie Raquez, and Giada Lo Re. "Substantial Effect of Water on Radical Melt Crosslinking and Rheological Properties of Poly(ε-Caprolactone)." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040491.

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One-step reactive melt processing (REx) via radical reactions was evaluated with the aim of improving the rheological properties of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). In particular, a water-assisted REx was designed under the hypothesis of increasing crosslinking efficiency with water as a low viscous medium in comparison with a slower PCL macroradicals diffusion in the melt state. To assess the effect of dry vs. water-assisted REx on PCL, its structural, thermo-mechanical and rheological properties were investigated. Water-assisted REx resulted in increased PCL gel fraction compared to dry REx (from 1–34%), proving the rationale under the formulated hypothesis. From dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile tests, the crosslink did not significantly affect the PCL mechanical performance. Dynamic rheological measurements showed that higher PCL viscosity was reached with increasing branching/crosslinking and the typical PCL Newtonian behavior was shifting towards a progressively more pronounced shear thinning. A complete transition from viscous- to solid-like PCL melt behavior was recorded, demonstrating that higher melt elasticity can be obtained as a function of gel content by controlled REx. Improvement in rheological properties offers the possibility of broadening PCL melt processability without hindering its recycling by melt processing.

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34

Run, Ming Tao, Zi Yu Qi, Meng Yao, Wen Zhou, and Bing Tao Xing. "Phase Morphology and Rheology Behaviors of PTT/POE/OMMT Nanocomposites." Solid State Phenomena 181-182 (November 2011): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.181-182.55.

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The phase morphology and dynamic rheology of poly (trimethylene terephthalate)/maleinized poly (octene-ethylene)/organo-montmorillonite nanocomposites were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and rotational rheometer. The results suggest that some of the OMMT are peeled off and the nanosheets are dispersed evenly in the polymer matrix. When the OMMT content is more than 4%, they are tended to form the aggregates in nanocomposites. The nanocomposites’ melt are pseudo-plastic fluid, and both complex viscosity and shear storage modulus increase with increasing OMMT content due to the interaction between the OMMT and polymers. The nanocomposites’ melt show more elasticity behavior with more OMMT content especially at low shear frequencies.

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35

Begieva, M. B., D. B. Amshokova, L. R. Pashtova, R. CH Bazheva, and A. M. Kharaev. "Inﬂ uence of Na+-montmorillonite modiﬁ ed with acrylamide on the structure and properties of polypropylene." Plasticheskie massy, no. 3-4 (May 31, 2020): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35164/0554-2901-2020-3-4-26-29.

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Sodium form montmorillonite was obtained from natural clay from the Gerpegezh deposit (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Russia). A procedure has been developed for modifying the sodium form of montmorillonite using acrylamide. The structure of the organoclay was conﬁ rmed by IR spectroscopy. Composites based on polypropylene and modiﬁ ed montmorillonite are obtained by melt mixing on a twin-screw extruder from JiangsuXindaScience & Technology. The structure of the obtained composites was investigated using X-ray diﬀ raction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results of testing the obtained composites, which were used to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties, are presented: the melt ﬂ ow index, impact strength according to Izod, modulus of elasticity, ultimate strength and elongation at break. ICompared to unﬁ lled polypropylene, polymer composites with 3 wt.% organoclay are shown to increase: impact strength by 31.61% (without notch) and 12.8% (with notch of 5 mm); modulus of elasticity in bending by 8.3%; tensile modulus by 10,3%. When polypropylene is ﬁ lled with 5 wt.% organoclay, the composites show increased: impact strength by 12.60% (without notch) and by 10.52% (with an notch of 5 mm); the modulus of elasticity in bending and tension are the same as in the previous case. A further increase in the content of organoclay to 7 wt.% leads to a slight decrease in mechanical properties. Acrylamide can be used as a modiﬁ er of organic clay; it is easily accessible and cheap, used in large-scale production. The resulting composites can be used as structural materials.

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36

Chifor, Victoria, Radu Liviu Orban, Zafer Tekiner, and Mehmet Turker. "Mechanical, Thermal and Electrical Properties of Acrilonitril Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Composites Filled with Bronze Powder." Materials Science Forum 672 (January 2011): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.672.179.

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This article reports on an experimental study of the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of bronze-ABS composites containing 5, 10, 20, 30 vol.% of bronze powder. The mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength, elongation at fracture, modulus of elasticity, melt flow rate (MFR), hardness, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity of bronze powder filler embedded in a ABS matrix were experimentally investigated. Thermal and electrical conductivity measurements were performed up to a filler concentration of 30 vol.%. The tensile strength, elongation, MFR values continuously decreased with increasing the bronze powder content. However, modulus of elasticity and hardness increased with increasing the bronze content. Thermal and electrical conductivity of the composites was found to be higher for ABS-20 vol.% bronze composites than that of the other composites.

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37

Arakawa, Keiichi, Tadashi Yokohara, and Masayuki Yamaguchi. "Enhancement of melt elasticity for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by addition of weak gel." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 107, no. 2 (2007): 1320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.26631.

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38

Varughese, K. T., P. P. De, and S. K. Sanyal. "Melt elasticity behavior and extrudate characteristics of rigid poly(vinyl chloride)/epoxidized natural rubber miscible blends." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 10, no. 4 (December 1988): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730100403.

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39

Chen, Jun, Ting Chen, Xin Ping Liu, Li Ren Xiao, Qing Rong Qian, Jing Xu, Bao Quan Huang, and Qing Hua Chen. "Effect of Epoxy-Functionalized Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene on the Morphology and Rheological Properties of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Poly(acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate) Blends." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.228.

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Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) grafted acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) in the presence of styrene (St) monomer (AGS) was used as a compatibilizer in the immiscible poly(butylene terephthalate)/poly(acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate) (PBT/ASA) blends. SEM analyses display a better dispersion of ASA particles in the PBT matrix with the content of AGS less than 4.0 wt% compared with the PBT/ASA blends. Rheological measurements show that the melt elasticity and melt strength of blends increase with increasing ABS-g-(GMA-co-St) content. The behavior of blends shifts from “liquid-like” to “solid-like” and the relaxation time moves to higher values by introducing AGS. 3.0 wt% AGS is the optimum concentration for PBT/ASA system.

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40

Peng, Qian, Zhou, Yang, Jin, and Li. "Influence of Incorporated Polydimethylsiloxane on Properties of PA66 Fiber and Its Fabric Performance." Polymers 11, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111735.

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Poly(hexamethyllene adipamide), PA66 fiber has played an important role in varied industrial applications, and its corresponding product would become more competitive if some extra value was added to PA66 fiber. In this article, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used as an additive to prepare PA66/PDMS blend fibers through melt blend spinning carried out by a screw extruder spinning machine. When the amount of incorporated PDMS was 0.5–3 wt %, the blend melt demonstrated good spinning ability, and the PA66/PDMS blend fibers exhibited excellent mechanical property and reduced hot shrinkage. Moreover, the crystallization and melting behavior of PA66 in the blend fibers turned out to be not affected by the existence of PDMS. In addition, the contact angle of water on the blend fiber surface became larger, while the value of friction coefficient on the surface of fibers got lower with increasing PDMS content in the blend fibers. After evaluating the fabric woven by PA66/PDMS blend fibers using the KES-F KES-FB-2 fabric measuring system, it was found that as PDMS content increased, the flexural rigidity and bending hysteresis would be lower, yet elasticity rate of compression work would be higher, which explained how the fabric composed of the blend fiber performed better in terms of softness and elasticity.

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Sun, Dong, and Guang Li. "Study on Preparation of PA6 / PDMS Blended Fibers and Fabric Properties." Materials Science Forum 1003 (July 2020): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1003.219.

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PA6 fibers and fabric properties were studied by adding PDMS, and PA6 / PDMS blend fibers were prepared by melt spinning. The experiment found that the addition of PDMS can significantly promote the rheology of the PET / PDMS blend melt. DSC tests show that the addition of PDMS has basically no effect on its crystallization and melting characteristics. With the increase of PDMS content, the contact angle of water on the blended fabric surface increased. KES-FB was used to evaluate fabrics made from PA6 / PDMS blended fibers. It was found that with the increase of PDMS content, the softness and elasticity of the fabrics were improved, and the stain resistance experiments showed that the modified fabrics had good resistance dirty performance.

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Li, Dong Fang, Li Li, and Jian Zhang Li. "Effects of VA Content and Melt Index of EVA on Mechanical Properties of Wood Plastic Composites." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.129.

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Wood plastic composite (WPC) is very useful new material in the modern society. Improving the interfacial bond strength between wood and plastic is the foundation of improving the properties of WPC. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) was used as the coupling agent of WPC in this study. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to study the thermal stability of wood flour modified by EVA. The modulus of rupture (MOR), the modulus of elasticity (MOE), and the tensile strength of WPC were investigated to understand the effects of the vinyl acetate (VA) content and the melt index of EVA on WPC. The results show that EVA could improve the thermal stability of wood flour and the mechanical properties of WPC. The mechanical properties of WPC are increasing with VA content raise and melt index reducing.

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Yang, Zhaoping, Chunling Xin, Waqas Mughal, Xiaogang Li, and Yadong He. "High-melt-elasticity poly(ethylene terephthalate) produced by reactive extrusion with a multi-functional epoxide for foaming." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 135, no. 8 (October 26, 2017): 45805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.45805.

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Sailer, C., and U. A. Handge. "Melt Viscosity, Elasticity, and Morphology of Reactively Compatibilized Polyamide 6/Styrene−Acrylonitrile Blends in Shear and Elongation." Macromolecules 40, no. 6 (March 2007): 2019–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma062705c.

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Ali, Mohd Amran Bin Md, Shogo Nobukawa, and Masayuki Yamaguchi. "Morphology development of polytetrafluoroethylene in a polypropylene melt (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 83, no. 10 (July 14, 2011): 1819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-rep-11-01-10.

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Morphology development of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) caused by applied flow history in molten isotactic polypropylene (PP) is investigated, employing a cone-and-plate rheometer and a capillary rheometer as mixing devices. Since the flow history is applied at 190 °C, PTFE is in the solid state whereas PP is in the molten state. It is found that primary PTFE particles tend to be agglomerated together by mechanical interlocking. Then they are fragmented into fibers by hydrodynamic force with reorganization process of crystalline phase. The diameter of the fragmented fibers is the same as that of the original ellipsoidal particles. Further, fine fibers whose diameter is in the range from 50 to 100 nm are also generated by yielding behavior of the particles. The prolonged shearing leads to a large number of fibers, although the diameter and length are hardly affected by the exposure time of shearing and shear stress. Moreover, the flow type (i.e., drag or pressure flow) does not affect the morphology to a great extent, although the drag flow is not efficient to reduce large agglomerated particles. The fibers form an interdigitated network structure, which is responsible for the marked melt elasticity.

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Резанова, Н. М., Ю. О. Будаш, M. О. Давиденко, and А. В. Ковальчук. "Вплив добавок нанорозмірного оксиду алюмінію на структуру та реологічні властивості суміші поліпропілен/співполіамід." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 138, no. 5 (February 3, 2020): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2019.5.12.

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Investigation of the effect of the concentration of aluminum oxide nanoparticles on the micro- and macro-rheological properties of the melt of a polypropylene / copolyamide (PP / CPA) mixture to control the morphology of nanofilled composites. The starting polymers and nano-additive were melt blended on a worm-disk extruder. The degree of dispersion of the component of the dispersed phase in the matrix was evaluated by micrographs of cross sections of the extrudates of the mixtures. The types of PP structures and their dimensional characteristics were studied using an optical microscope. The effective viscosity of the melts was determined on an MB-2 micro viscometer, and elasticity was calculated as the ratio of the extrudate and die diameters. It is shown that the introduction of a PP / CPA mixture (0.1÷3.0) mass. % Al2O3 nanoparticles makes it possible to control the process of structure formation of the component of the dispersed phase. In this case, the average diameter of PP microfibrils decreases and their mass fraction increases. The maximum effect was achieved when the content of nanoparticles 1.0 mass.%. It has been established that the macro-rheological properties of melts of nanofilled systems are determined by their morphology. The formation of anisotropic structures (PP microfibrils) with smaller diameters causes a decrease in viscosity and an increase in the elasticity of the melts of mixtures, in contrast to similar indicators for PP and CPA. It was shown that Al2O3 nanoparticles do not affect the type of morphology of the thermodynamically incompatible PP / CPA mixture - in nanofilled compositions, as in the initial one, a microfibrillar structure is formed. The modifying effect of nanoadditives is manifested in the formation of a larger number of PP microfibrils and a decrease in their dimensional characteristics. The studied nanoparticle does not interfere with the stable processing of the PP / SPA mixture into fibers and films on extrusion equipment and does not complicate the process of extraction of the matrix polymer from composite extrudates. The introduction of Al2O3 nanoparticles will make it possible to obtain composite products and fine-fiber materials with improved characteristics due to the regulation of phase morphology.

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Rezanova, Natalia, Yurii Budash, Viktoriia Plavan, Olena Ishchenko, and Viktoriia Bulakh. "Morphology and Rheology of Nanofilled PP / PVA Blends." Materiale Plastice 54, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.17.4.4934.

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The influence of Ag/SiO2 as nanofiller and sodium oleate as compatibilizer and their mixtures on the patterns flow and structure formation processes in thermodynamically incompatible polypropylene/plasticized polyvinylalcohol (PP / PVA) systems were studied. It is found that the change in the sequence of mixing the ingredients of the composition allows adjusting the morphology phase type due to the predominant localization of nanoparticle additives in the melt amount of a component or on the border of phase separation. Injection of Ag/SiO2 to melt PP increases dispersion degree and homogeneity of its distribution in the matrix. Simultaneous use of nanoadditive and sodium oleate as compatibilizer improves the connections between the polymers and promotes thinner and more homogeneous dispersion of the particles of the dispersed phase. It is shown that the effective viscosity of melt nanofilled system is determined by components mixing method: viscosity of melt blend increases when the additive is localized predominantly in the PVA and decreases with the prior injection of PP. The nature of the flow for all researched compositions obeys a power law and almost does not depend on the method of mixing. The ability of the longitudinal deformation of ternary blends is deteriorating, but remains sufficient for their processing. Combining nanoadditive with compatibilizer promotes increased elasticity and the melt spinnability of modified blends.

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Kwon, Youngdon. "Numerical modelling of two-dimensional melt fracture instability in viscoelastic flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 855 (September 19, 2018): 595–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.659.

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Computationally modelling the two-dimensional (2-D) Poiseuille flow along and outside a straight channel with a differential viscoelastic constitutive equation, we demonstrate unstable dynamics involving bifurcations from steady flow to periodic melt fracture (sharkskin instability) and its further transition regime to a chaotic state. The numerical simulation first exposes transition from steady flow to a weak instability of periodic fluctuation, and in the middle of this periodic limit cycle (in the course of increasing flow intensity) a unique bifurcation into the second steady state is manifested. Then, a subcritical (Hopf) transition restoring this stable flow to stronger periodic instability follows, which results from the high stress along the streamlines of finite curvature with small vortices near the die lip. Its succeeding chaotic transition at higher levels of flow elasticity that induces gross melt fracture, seems to take a period doubling as well as quasiperiodic route. By simple geometrical modification of the die exit, we, as well, illustrate reduction or complete removal of sharkskin and melt fractures. The result as a matter of fact suggests convincing evidence of the possible cause of the sharkskin instability and it is thought that this fluid dynamic transition has to be taken into account for the complete description of melt fracture. The competition between nonlinear dynamic transition and other possible origins such as wall slip will ultimately determine the onset of the sharkskin and melt fractures. Therefore, the current study conceivably provides a robust methodology to portray every possible type of melt fracture if combined with an appropriate mechanism that also results in flow instability.

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Lam, Yee Cheong. "Flows in Microchannels and Cavities – Visco-Elasticity, Faradaic Charging and Surface Roughness Effects." Advanced Materials Research 74 (June 2009): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.74.73.

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Two phenomena for flows in microchannels, namely visco-elastic instability and Faradaic charging effects, are discussed. Aqueous solutions, which do not exhibit elastic behaviors, will behave visco-elastically with the addition of a small amount of polymers. Visco-elastic flow instability which promote mixing has been observed in the flow of these visco-elastic solutions through a constriction in microchannels. In addition, we recently show experimentally the existance of Faradaic charging in AC-electrokinetic (ACEK) flow. Lastly, surface roughness effects in micro- plastic injection molding are highlighted. The micro-injection molding process involves the flow of polymer melt in micro-cavities. Our recent investigations demonstrate that the flow model for macro-cavities could be employed satisfactorily to simulate the flow in micro-cavities if roughness effects are considered in an appropriate manner.

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Dealy, John M. "Rheology of Molten Polymers." MRS Bulletin 16, no. 8 (August 1991): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400056281.

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The term “polymeric liquids” is used to describe both solutions of polymers and molten polymers. All polymeric liquids exhibit non-Newtonian flow behavior, including a shear stress-dependent viscosity and elasticity. However, concentrated solutions and melts of polymers whose molecular weights exceed a certain critical value (the “critical molecular weight for entanglement,” Mc) exhibit quite remarkable deviations from classical fluid behavior, especially marked elasticity. Among the remarkable rheological phenomena exhibited by these materials are elastic recoil and flow-induced an-isotropy. Indeed, in certain situations, such materials can exhibit elastic effects that are almost indistinguishable from those exhibited by cross-linked rubbers. This behavior is important, because most commercial “thermoplastics,” such as polyethylene and polystyrene, have high molecular weights (M > Mc) and are processed in the molten state.A given generic polymer, polyethylene for example, can exhibit a wide range of properties depending on the molecular weight distribution. Another important aspect of molecular structure is branching. For many monomers (the molecular building blocks that make a polymer molecule), two types of polymer structure are possible, linear and branched. For example, ethylene can be polymerized in two ways to form either linear polyethylene or branched polyethylene. Branching enhances the non-Newtonian and elastic aspects of the melt flow behavior. Yet another possible aspect of polymer molecular structure is the presence of a comonomer.

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