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1
Aggelis, Alexandros. "Gene expression in ripening melon (Cucumis melo L.)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319646.
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Klingler, John Paul. "Phenotypic and molecular-genetic analysis of resistance to Aphis gossypii (cotton-melon aphid) in Cucumis melo (melon)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283992.
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Aphis gossypii Glover (cotton-melon aphid) is a major pest of agriculture worldwide. Cucumis melo L. (melon) possesses monogenic resistance to this aphid, and is a good model for the study of aphid resistance mechanisms in plants. This dissertation presents analyses of the effects of the resistance gene on A. gossypii, and of the gene's effects on biochemical and molecular-genetic properties of melon plants. Nearly isogenic lines (NILs) of melon, either resistant or susceptible to A. gossypii, were compared for their influence on aphid life history traits and feeding behavior. The resistance trait delayed development, increased mortality, and markedly decreased reproduction of aphids confined to leaves of resistant plants. Aphids on resistant plants salivated into phloem sieve elements significantly longer, and were less likely to begin sap ingestion after salivation, suggesting that the resistance factor acts within phloem sieve elements. Biochemical properties of callose synthase were compared between NILs to test the hypothesis that callose deposition plays a role in the resistance mechanism. No differences were detected between resistant and susceptible melon genotypes with respect to callose synthase subunit abundance or in vitro enzyme activity. Sixty-four F₃ families from a melon mapping population were tested for aphid resistance to place the resistance locus on a genetic map of the melon genome. Four molecular markers were found to be linked to the aphid resistance phenotype. The name Agr ( Aphis gossypii resistance) is proposed for this locus. The closest flanking markers were positioned at 4.3 and 7.0 cM from Agr. Evidence suggests Agr might be a member of the nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) family of plant resistance genes, which are known to cluster in plant genomes. Melon genomic DNA sequences homologous to this gene family were isolated to test the hypothesis that Agr is an NBS-LRR homolog. Two of these sequences were tested for genetic linkage to Agr in a population of F₂ plants segregating for the resistance trait. DNA gel blot analysis determined that one sequence, NBS-2, is approximately 2.7 cM distant from Agr, which suggests Agr resides in a cluster of NBS-LRR homologs and could be a member of this gene family.
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Francis, Andrew M. "belt melon grass." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3885.
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This essay was written largely after the completion of my thesis exhibition which shares its title. An integral aspect of the work was the after-hours maintenance it required. Below I describe the unforeseen personal significance that labor came to hold and the way in which it functioned as a healing ritual. Through this work, and those leading up to it, I have a reinvigorated awareness of the importance of therapy as an aspect of my artmaking, of which this thesis is a testament.
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Clark, L. J., R. Walser, and E. W. Carpenter. "Melon Variety Trial." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220394.
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Seven cantaloupe varieties and two Honeydew melon varieties were grown in a replicated small plot trial on the Safford Agricultural Center in 1998. Varieties were picked regularly during the growing season. Yields are shown in tabular form to indicate how each variety performed during the season.
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Jinqiang, Yan. "Study of the resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus aggressive strains in the melon (Cucumis melon L.) accession PI 161375." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666767.
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L’accessió exòtica de meló PI 161375 cultivar Songwhan Charmi (SC) presenta resistència a la major part de soques de Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). S’ha descrit que la resistència a soques del subgrup II de CMV és recessiva i que està controlada pel gen cmv1, que és capaç d’evitar l’entrada del virus al floema mitjançant una restricció a nivell de les cèl·lules de la beina. Aquesta restricció depèn de la proteïna de moviment (MP) viral, que és el determinant de la virulència. Per tenir resistència a la soca CMV-M6, pertanyent al subgrup I, a part de cmv1, també es requereixen dos altres QTLs: cmvqw3.1 i cmvqw10.1. No obstant, una soca més agressiva del subgrup I, CMV-FNY, és capaç de superar la resistència conferida per cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1. Aquesta tesis té com objectius (i) identificar altres QTLs responsables de la resistència a CMV-FNY, (ii) caracteritzar la resistència conferida pels QTLs cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1, i (iii) identificar els factors de virulència implicats en aquests tres QTLs. L’anàlisi de QTLs es va dur a terme mitjançant diverses poblacions F2 obtingudes del creuament entre les línies resistents a CMV-FNY, DHL142 i DHL69, i línies susceptibles. Es van detectar alguns possibles QTLs d’efecte menor als LG II, LG IX, LG X i LG XII. No obstant, cap d’aquests QTLs va ser reproduïble a les diferents poblacions avaluades, ni pels diferents mètodes de fenotipat utilitzats. Un cop avaluat el sistema d’anàlisi de QTLs emprat es va demostrar que aquest no havia estat l’apropiat per QTLs d’efecte menor. Probablement el factor limitant hauria estat la robustesa de l’avaluació fenotípica de la infecció en poblacions F2. L’estudi de la resistència, conferida per combinacions de dos o tres QTLs, va mostrar que malgrat les plantes s’acabaven infectant per CMV-FNY, hi havia un retard en la infecció, indicant que la resistència intervé restringint el moviment viral. Més endavant es va demostrar que la restricció actua a nivell de l’entrada al floema, enlloc d’intervenir a nivell del moviment del virus un cop dins del floema. Així doncs, cmvqw3.1 i cmvqw10.1 actuen dificultant el moviment de CMV-FNY al mateix punt de la infecció viral on ho fa cmv1 amb CMV-LS.
La generació de pseudorecombinants entre CMV-FNY / CMV-M6 i CMV-FNY / CMV-LS va demostrar que el determinant de la virulència no es troba al RNA3.
Aquests resultats suggereixen que la resistència a CMV de l’accessió SC es construeix mitjançant diferents nivells, essent cmv1 el primer nivell conferint resistència envers el subgrup II; el segon nivell cmvqw3.1 i cmvqw10.1 conferint una resistència eficient envers CMV-M6; i un tercer nivell on altres QTLs encara per determinar serien necessaris
per conferir una resistència eficient a CMV-FNY. Actualment, sabem que els dos primers nivells de resistència estarien actuant restringint l’entrada de CMV al floema<br>La accesión de melón exótico PI 161375, cultivar Songwhan Charmi (SC) es resistente a la mayoría de las cepas de Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). La resistencia a las cepas del subgrupo II de CMV es recesiva y controlada por el gen cmv1, que es capaz de prevenir la entrada del virus en el floema deteniéndolo en las células de la vaina que rodean la vena. Esta restricción depende de la proteína de movimiento (MP), el determinante de la virulencia frente a este gen. Para resistir a la cepa CMV-M6, del subgrupo I, se requieren dos QTL más, cmvqw3.1 y cmvqw10.1, funcionando en colaboración con cmv1. Sin embargo, CMV-FNY, una cepa más agresiva del subgrupo I, es capaz de superar la resistencia conferida por cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1. En esta tesis, nuestro objetivo es (i) identificar los QTL adicionales responsables de la resistencia a CMV-FNY, (ii) caracterizar la resistencia conferida por los QTL cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1 e (iii) identificar los factores de virulencia involucrados con estos QTL. El análisis de QTL se abordó desarrollando varias poblaciones F2 entre las líneas DHL142 o DHL69, resistentes a CMV-FNY, y varias líneas de melón susceptibles a CMV-FNY, donde se detectaron varios QTL menores en LG II, LG IX, LG X y LG XII. Sin embargo, ninguno de estos QTLs fue detectado reproduciblemente en varias poblaciones F2, ni utilizando diferentes métodos de fenotipado, lo que indicó que nuestro sistema de detección de QTL no es apropiado para detectar QTLs menores. El factor limitante más probable puede ser la dificultad del fenotipado de la infección para la detección de QTLs en una población F2. El estudio de la resistencia conferida por combinaciones de dos o los tres QTL mostró que, aunque las plantas eran susceptibles a CMV-FNY, hubo un retraso en la infección, lo que indica que la resistencia implica una restricción del movimiento viral. Un análisis posterior mostró que la restricción funcionaba al nivel de la entrada al floema, más que al nivel del movimiento dentro del floema. Por lo tanto, esto indica que cmvqw3.1 y cmvqw10.1 están dificultando el movimiento de CMV-FNY en el mismo paso de la infección viral donde cmv1 restringe CMV-LS. Los pseudorecombinantes generados entre CMV-FNY / CMV-M6 y entre CMV-FNY / CMV-LS demostraron que el determinante de virulencia no mapeaba en el RNA3. Tomados en conjunto, nuestros resultados sugieren que la resistencia al CMV en la accesión SC está formada por una serie de niveles de resistencia, siendo cmv1 el primer nivel, efectivo contra las cepas del subgrupo II; el segundo nivel, formado por cmvqw3.1 y cmvqw10.1, que cooperarían con cmv1 para proporcionar resistencia frente a CMV-M6;
y el tercer nivel sería el QTL no identificado aún, necesario para la resistencia frente a CMV-FNY. En la actualidad, sabemos que los dos primeros niveles de resistencia estarían participando en la restricción de la entrada de CMV al floema.<br>The exotic melon accession PI 161375 cultivar Songwhan Charmi (SC) shows resistance to most of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains. The resistance to CMV subgroup II strains was reported as recessive, controlled by the gene cmv1 which is able to prevent the phloem entry of the virus by restricting it in the bundle sheath cells. This restriction depends on the movement protein (MP), the determinant of virulence. Two more QTLs, cmvqw3.1 and cmvqw10.1 are required, working together with cmv1, for the resistance to the subgroup I strain CMV-M6. However, CMV-FNY, a more aggressive strain from subgroup I, was able to overcome the resistance conferred by cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1. In this thesis we aim to (i) identify the additional QTLs responsible for the resistance to CMV-FNY, (ii) characterize the resistance conferred by the QTLs cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1 and (iii) identify the virulence factors involved with these QTLs. QTL analysis was addressed developing several F2 populations made between the CMV-FNY-resistant lines DHL142, DHL69 and several CMV-FNY-susceptible melon lines. Several putative minor QTLs were detected in LG II, LG IX, LG X and LG XII. However, none of these QTLs were reproducibly detected neither in several F2 populations nor using different methods of phenotyping. The evaluation of our QTL detecting system indicated that it is not appropriate for detecting minor QTL, being the most probable limiting factor the correct phenotyping of the infection for QTL detection in a F2 population. The study of the resistance conferred by combinations of two or the three QTLs showed that, although the plants were susceptible to CMV-FNY, there was a delay in the infection, indicating that the resistance involves a restriction of the viral movement. Further analysis showed that the restriction worked at the level of phloem entry, rather than at the level of movement within the phloem. Therefore, this indicates that cmvqw3.1 and cmvqw10.1 are impairing CMV-FNY movement at the same step of the viral infection where cmv1 restricts CMV-LS. Pseudorecombinants generated between CMV-FNY / CMV-M6 and between CMV-FNY / CMV-LS demonstrated that the determinant of virulence was not mapped in RNA3. Taken together, our results suggest that the resistance to CMV in SC accession is built by a series of resistance layers, being cmv1 the first layer, against subgroup II strains; the second layer, cmvqw3.1 and cmvqw10.1, that provide efficient resistance to CMV-M6; and the third layer being the unknown QTL, necessary for efficient resistance to
CMV-FNY. At present, we know that the first two layers of resistance would be working in the restriction of CMV entry to the phloem.
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Lemhemdi, Afef. "Caractérisation de réseaux des gènes qui contrôlent l’initiation du fruit chez le melon (Cucumis melo)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS121.
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Les analyses du profil d’expression par qRT-PCR des gènes candidats, ont montré que ARF19 a le profil le plus intéressant pour la parthénocarpie, chez le melon et le concombre. Ces analyses montrent aussi que la pollinisation induit, uniquement, l'expression de GA20oxydase(1) et le GA20oxydase(5). En absence de la pollinisation, presque tous les GA2oxydases sont exprimés. L’étude globale du transcriptome par RNA-seq a permis d’identifier des gènes qui pourraient avoir un rôle de régulateurs négatifs ou positifs dans l’initiation du fruit chez le melon. L’étude de la matrice des gènes liés à la division cellulaire montre que leur expression est élevée dans les ovules et le péricarpe à l’anthèse et au stade fécondé.Les données montrent aussi que le développement du fruit est régulé en grande partie par des facteurs de transcription. L'analyse génétique de phénotypage systématique a permis d’identifier FS1, le premier candidat pour la parthénocarpie facultative chez le melon<br>Analyzes of candidates genes expression profile by qRT-PCR shown that ARF19 has the most interesting profile for parthenocarpy for melon and cucumber. These analyze show that the pollination induces the expression of GA20oxydase(1) and GA20oxydase(5). In the absence of pollination, almost all GA2oxydases are expressed. The study of the transcriptome by RNA-seq identifies genes which have a role of negative or positive regulators in the fruit initiation of melon. The study of genes matrix of cell division shows that their expression is high in ovules and pericarp at anthesis and fertilized stage. The data show that fruit development is largely regulated by transcription factors. Systematic phenotyping genetic analysis identified FS1 the first candidate for facultative parthenocarpy in melon
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Cadete, Ana Prata Loureiro. "Qualidade de 13 cultivares de melão (Cucumis melo L.) do tipo Branco do Ribatejo e Pele de Sapo em Évora, Almeirim e Amareleja." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4170.
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Mestrado em Engemharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia<br>In order to develop technical guidelines for melons production with the objective to obtain high quality fruits, 13 melon cultivars (Cucumis melo L.) var. Inodorous, were evaluated. ‘Lusíada’, ‘Lusitano’, ‘HB06921’ and ‘HB71506’ are white melons and ‘Iberico’, ‘5 Jotas’, ‘Fitor’, ‘Havana’, ‘Hidalgo’, ‘Kanela’, ‘Ruidere’, ‘Sancho’ and ‘Seda’ are Pele de Sapo type or green melons. The trials were located at Évora, Almeirim, Amareleja regions, with different soil and climate conditions and dissimilar production techniques.
Melons were evaluated regarding their physical characteristic as weight, length, diameter, firmness and colour and chemical parameters as total soluble solids (TSS- ºBrix), titratable acidity, vitamin C and total phenols.
Altogether Pele de Sapo melons produced in Amareleja obtained the highest Brix 13.7% in average, and the sweetest melons were ‘Hidalgo’ with an average Brix of 15.7% and ‘Ruidere’ with 15.5%. The Brix of the white melons produced in Almeirim did not exceed, 12% and the fruits considered unmarketable by Pingo Doce.
Vitamin C and total phenols content was not different between cultivars or locals, accounting for 17 mg and 34,4 mg, per 100 g of edible part, respectively
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Lignou, Stella. "Optimisation of flavour in long shelf-life varieties of melon (Cucumis melo L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558737.
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This dissertation presents a study on the optimisation of flavour in long shelf-life varieties of melon (Cucumis melo L.). The aim of this research is to better understand the changes which take place during storage of different varieties and to identify flavoursome varieties that are more likely to give extended shelf life. Flavour is extremely important in the eating quality of fruit; however, it may be compromised in delivering yield and shelf-life, leading to general customer dissatisfaction. As a result, there is a challenge in the fresh-fruit industry to produce extended shelf-life varieties with excellent flavour quality. Flavour is complex and is both defmed by taste and aroma components, and the interactions of the two. The metabolites responsible can be non-volatile compounds, such as sugars and organic acids that influence the basic taste of sweet and sourness respectively, volatile metabolites which define the aroma qualities of the fruit, and semi-volatile metabolites which can act as either taste or aroma components. Overall, in melon there is not a single compound that defmes melon flavour but the flavour profile contains several classes of " aroma compounds. Esters, contribute to the desirable, sweet and fruity notes; sulfur- containing compounds to either cheesy or green/mushroom notes; aldehydes and alcohols with short alkyl chains to malty and butterscotch notes and those with longer alkyl chains to green and fatty notes. Both sensory and instrumental analysis revealed that harvest maturity, as well as duration of storage, had a significant effect on the levels of these compounds. Mature fruit exhibited high quantities of esters and higher scores for desirable sensory characteristics (e.g. sweet, floral, honey, strawberries odour and taste-flavour). The levels of the majority of esters (including diacetates) increased during storage whereas those of the other classes of compounds increased, decreased or remained constant. Comparison of medium shelf-life (MSL) and long shelf-life (LSL) genotypes indicated that MSL genotypes generally exhibited higher levels of potentially desirable compounds. However, in a study of different genotypes a flavoursome LSL genotype was found which had a profile of flavour compounds that was comparable with the profile of desirable MSL genotypes. This could meet consumers' requirements in terms of appearance, flavour and texture. Future research involving sensory evaluation and consumer study of this particular genotype could provide information about consumer acceptability and preference of this genotype.
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Sagot, Emeric. "Etude physiologique, biochimique, moléculaire et agronomique du stress salin chez le melon (Cucumis melo L. )." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2352.
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Chaque année sur son site de Malaga (Espagne), certaines parcelles de la société Rouge-Gorge, qui produit des melons, subissent une perte de rendement de 5 tonnes/ha. Des analyses indiquent que ces parcelles ont une teneur élevée en ion Na+ dans le sol et dans l’eau d’irrigation. Les problèmes de stress salin sont très étudiés sur de nombreuses espèces d’intérêt agronomique, mais aucune étude n’a encore été menée sur le melon. Un long travail préliminaire a permis de mettre en place les différents outils indispensables pour la suite (notamment la mise au point du système de culture reproduisant ce stress). Les résultats obtenus montrent que lors d’un stress salin, chez cette variété de melon, il y a activation des systèmes de production des AOS (NADPH oxydases), mais pas des mécanismes de détoxication (peroxydases). Il y a aussi activation de la galactinol synthase et accumulation de sucres (stachyose en particulier) dans les feuilles. Un traitement à l’acide ascorbique permet de restaurer, en grande partie, le rendement. Ce traitement influe négativement sur l’état d’activation des NADPH oxydases, positivement sur les peroxydases et négativement sur le niveau d’expression de la galactinol synthase. L’accumulation des sucres dans les feuilles est aussi diminuée. La présence d’éléments de réponse (NFkb et AP-1 like) au potentiel redox sur le promoteur de la galactinol synthase permet de lier le stress salin (qui favorise la production d’ AOS) à la perte de rendement (due à l’accumulation de sucre dans les feuilles). La vitamine C en limitant la production d’AOS permet aussi d’atténuer l’effet du stress salin sur la plante<br>The company which funded this work cultivates melon in 3 different places: in the Center West and South East in France, as well as in South of Spain. In this third location, the proximity of the sea, and the irrigation technique make the water salty (approximatively 30 mM NaCl in water and soil extract). This NaCl concentration decreases the growth of melon plants and the yield from 13 tons/ha to 8 tons/ha. The present work begun with the preparation of the tools needed for further experiments, especially the culture systems. A publication of Shalata and Neumann (Shalata and Neumann, 2001) shows that an exogenous application of ascorbic acid could increase salt tolerance in tomato. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid during hydroponic culture of melon improved salt tolerance in melon, and allowed a partial recovery of yield (near 20% more than in salt stress plant without ascorbic acid). Biochemical evidences shows that NADPH oxidases , but not peroxidases, are activated during salt stress. Addition of ascorbic acid (0,5 mM) in the medium prevented the activation of NADPH oxidases and increased the activity of peroxidases. RNA blot experiments revealed activation of galactinol synthase gene, which encodes a key enzyme of stachyose synthesis. Stachyose is the major transported sugar in melon. The activation of this gene probably creates a metabolic deviation and contributes to the loss of yield. The promoter of galactinol synthase contains a NFkB response box, which senses redox status of the cell. The relationship between ascorbic acid and galactinol synthase is not fully understood, but it is still under investigation in the lab. Field experiments confirmed that AA increases salt tolerance
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Fave, Céline. "Effets de la température et de l'humidité relative de l'air sur les flux d'eau, de calcium et de potassium vers le fruit de melon (Cucumis melo L. )." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR20613.
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Les modes de transport du Ca au sein du plant de melon et les accumulations d’eau, de matière sèche, de Ca et de K dans le fruit et les effets de facteurs climatiques ont été étudiés. Pour des études à court terme, une méthode de marquage non isotopique, basée sur l’utilisation des mimétiques respectifs du Ca et du K, respectivement le Sr et le Rb, a été mise au point. L’accumulation de Ca dans les feuilles est liée à la vitesse de transpiration des plantes, elle-même contrôlée par l’humidité relative de l’air. En outre, on n’observe aucun mouvement du Ca indépendant du flux d’eau dans des tiges excisées. Le Ca accumulé dans les feuilles peut être réexporté vers d’autres organes. Lorsque la vitesse de croissance est accélérée, l’accumulation de Ca dans le fruit est ralentie et la production de melon vitreux plus élevée. A court terme, l’humidité relative n’a pas d’effet sur les importations de Ca (Sr) et de K (Rb) dans le fruit, neuf jours après pollinisation. Les flux xylémien et phloémien alimentant le fruit et leur composition ont été analysés. La sève phloémienne de melon est pauvre en carbone et implique des entrées d’eau dans le fruit largement supérieures aux besoins du fruit, pour satisfaire la croissance et la transpiration. Ces entrées de sève phloémienne massives suggèrent un retour, du fruit vers la plante, de l’eau en excès via le xylème. L’ensemble de nos résultats ont été intégrés dans un schéma de synthèse résumant les effets des conditions climatiques affectant la migration du Ca des racines vers le fruit et pouvant favoriser l’apparition de la vitrescence.
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Valantin, Muriel. "Fécondation, environnement climatique, équilibre source-puits et qualité du melon cantaloup charentais (cucumis melo L. )." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30023.
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Nous avons modifie la charge en fruits et leur contenu en graines pour moduler les relations source-puits de la plante et determiner leur influence sur les criteres de qualite du fruit et sur la genese de la vitrescence, une alteration physiologique de la chair du melon cantaloup charentais. Nous avons caracterise sur 2 annees et avec 2 varietes le developpement et l'activite photosynthetique de l'appareil vegetatif aerien, le developpement et la croissance des fruits, la repartition des assimilats au sein de la plante entiere, et la qualite des fruits et l'incidence de la vitrescence a la recolte. Le fruit constitue un puits fort au sein de la plante entiere a cause du cout energetique eleve des graines. Sur les plantes en nouaison libre, l'essentiel de la nouaison s'est fait sur 5 jours et la photosynthese nette foliaire n'a pas ete stimulee, mais la photosynthese nette du couvert, et donc la production globale d'assimilats, a ete reduite du fait d'une diminution de la vitesse d'apparition des feuilles. Dans cette situation de competition pour les assimilats, la vitesse de croissance des fruits etait diminuee ainsi que leur calibre individuel, la fermete de la chair et sa teneur en sucres a maturite tandis que l'incidence de la vitrescence etait accrue par rapport a des fruits produits en l'absence de competition sur des plantes avec un seul fruit noue. La taille du fruit etait bien correlee a son contenu en graines pleines et un faible contenu en graines s'est traduit par une chair plus ferme et une moindre sensibilite a la vitrescence. Ces resultats, avec ceux d'une etude preliminaire sur l'appareil racinaire, ont ete integres dans un schema d'elaboration des principaux criteres de qualite du melon et d'apparition de la vitrescence.
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McGinley, Susan. "A Knockout Melon Disease: Monosporascus cannonballus." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622331.
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Palumbo, John C., and David Kerns. "Melon Insect Pest Management in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146668.
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7 pp.<br>Melon production in the Southwestern United States occurs primarily in the desert growing areas of Arizona, and Southern California. Melons in Arizona are grown in very diverse cropping systems, where a variety of vegetable, agronomic and seed crops are cultivated concurrently throughout the year. Numerous insect species can be found on melon plants, but only a few have been determined to be economically important. This publication discusses several key insects that cause economic damage to melons, and the tactics commonly used to manage infesting populations.
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Jean-Baptiste, Isabelle. "Etude de la nutrition minérale du melon (Cucumis melo L. ) : application à la vitrescence du fruit." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT014A.
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Les appareils vegetatif et racinaire du melon (cucumus melo var maestro) se caracterisent par une tres grande richesse en calcium, en phosphore, en fer, en manganese et en bore. Les fruits sont riches en potassium, en azote et en phosphore. Par contre, ils renferment peu de calcium. Le fractionnement en pulpe, ecorce, placenta et graines indique que les graines sont riches en azote, en manganese, en phosphore, en cuivre et en fer. Le placenta et les pulpes sont riches en potassium et les ecorces en calcium. L'evolution des teneurs en elements mineraux durant le grossissement du fruit (entre les stades 20 jours et fruits murs) indique que seuls le potassium et l'azote se maintiennent a des teneurs constantes tout au long du developpement du fruit. Pour les autres elements (p, mg et les oligo-elements), une baisse de teneurs est observee. Cette baisse de teneurs est due a un effet de dilution de ces elements sous l'effet de l'elaboration importante de la matiere seche de ces fruits. La baisse des teneurs en calcium est particulierement marquee. Ceci est a relier a l'accumulation de cet element qui s'effectue essentiellement durant les 20 premiers jours du developpement du fruit. Une carence en calcium entre 3 et 11 jours apres l'anthese a provoque une forte baisse des teneurs en calcium au sein des fruits. A partir de 20 jours, la carence en calcium n'a pas modifie de facon notable les teneurs en calcium dans le fruit. La realimentation en calcium du milieu n'a pas permis aux fruits carences de retrouver les niveaux de teneurs des fruits temoins. L'alimentation en calcium joue un role majeur dans la manifestation de la vitrescence, le stress hydrique provoque la vitrescence mais n'entraine pas de modifications des teneurs en calcium. Une periode critique pour le declenchement des symptomes qui se situe entre l'anthese et les 20 premiers jours qui suivent a donc pu etre mise en evidence. Enfin, l'effet de la carence est plus nette sur les sucs extraits des tissus conducteurs que sur les feuilles
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Bouabdallah, Louiza. "Culture in vitro du melon (Cucumis melo L. ) et tentative d'application à l'étude de la fusariose." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112200.
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La culture in vitro du melon (cucumis melo l. ) a ete entreprise en vue de rechercher ulterieurement des plantes resistantes aux maladies tout en conservant les caracteristiques agronomiques de la variete. Les conditions d'isolement et de culture de protoplastes de cotyledons et de feuilles de jeunes plantes cultivees in vitro et en serre sont maitrisees. Une etude preliminaire de l'action de l'acide fusarique sur les protoplastes de melon met en evidence les effets letaux de cette substance sur les protoplastes. En parallele, la callogenese a ete obtenue a partir de cotyledons et d'hypocotyles. En utilisant un milieu contenant la kinetine comme cytokinine et l'acide indolyl beta acetique comme auxine, nous avons des cals compacts verts et aptes a regenerer des bourgeons. Les bourgeons evoluent en plantes d'apparence normale
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Bouabdallah, Louiza. "Culture in vitro du melon, Cucumis melo L., et tentative d'application à l'étude de la fusariose." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596184n.
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Guis, Monique. "Transformation génétique du melon Cantaloup charentais : caractérisation de melons transgéniques exprimant un gène antisens de l'ACC oxydase." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT007A.
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La maturation des fruits climacteriques est sous le controle d'une hormone vegetale, l'ethylene. Elle represente une cible privilegiee pour la manipulation genetique de la maturation. Certains fruits climacteriques, comme les melons cantaloup charentais (cucumis melo var. Cantalupensis, naud) se caracterisent par une forte production d'ethylene associee a une duree de conservation courte, ce qui constitue un obstacle a leur expansion commerciale. Des fruits presentant une inhibition de la synthese de l'ethylene par expression du gene acc oxydase en orientation antisens ont ete obtenus au laboratoire. Leur etude nous a permis de discriminer les parametres de la maturation dependants et independants de l'ethylene. Par rapport aux fruits temoins, les melons transgeniques ne presentent pas de jaunissement de l'ecorce, ni de ramollissement de la chair. Par contre la teneur en sucre et la couleur de la chair evoluent de la meme maniere pour les deux types de fruits suggerant une independance de l'ethylene. Cependant les melons a production reduite d'ethylene ne developpent pas de zone d'abscission pedonculaire, ils restent donc attaches a la plante et atteignent ainsi des teneurs en sucre plus elevees. L'influence de l'ethylene sur sa propre voie de biosynthese a egalement ete recherchee. Compares aux fruits temoins, les melons transgeniques accumulent de l'acc en grande quantite et presentent une forte activite acc synthase. Dans ces fruits transgeniques, le niveau d'accumulation du macc et l'activite de l'enzyme correspondante, la malonyl-transferase sont faibles. L'ethylene joue donc un role regulateur sur l'activite de ces deux enzymes. Les effets de l'antisens sont completement restaures par un traitement a l'ethylene exogene des fruits transgeniques. Enfin, nous discuterons les retombees de ces recherches sur le plan scientifique et commercial
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McGinley, Susan. "Fighting a Melon Virus in Yuma County." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622089.
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Howell, Don R., and E. S. Heathman. "Postemergence Control of Dudaim Melon in Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204086.
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Wang, You Ming. "The chemistry and biochemistry of melon fruit development and quality." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/86.
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A number of methods for the analysis of free amino acids in melon fruit have been evaluated experimentally. Analysis of their tBDMS derivatives by GC (gas chromatography) was found to be the most suitable for the mix of free amino acid found in the melon matrix. It affords good yields of amino acid derivatives with excellent gas chromatographic properties and characteristic mass spectra. The single-step derivatization procedure is highly reproducible and allows simultaneous analysis of asparagine and glutamine together with their corresponding acids. Changes in amino acids, sugars, the principal acids, volatiles and minerals in the free form were studied in the fruit mesocarp during development, ripening and storage of the fruits. Sucrose was the principal sugar, absent in young fruit but showing a dramatic increase during ripening while the levels of fructose and glucose remained constant during the whole course of fruit growth or slightly decreased during ripening and storage. The quantitative determination of 22 free amino acids was achieved by GC analysis using the method developed. Total aroma volatiles were determined using a headspace-gas chromatographic technique. They increased and reached a maximum value just before fruit full slip. Most of the esters characteristic of melon aroma were absent in young fruit but developed at the ripening stage. Changes in the quantities of mineral nutrients present in the fruits were determined by ICP-AES analysis. The concentrations of most elements increased thoughout the fruit development except for Ca which decreased markedly and Cu which decreased during early growth then fluctuated around lower values later in the development stage. All of the above changes can be related to the metabolic activity during fruit growth and maturation. Statistical analysis showed changes in TV, TSS, TS, pH, some free amino acids and some minerals were strongly correlated.
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Stanghellini, M. E., S. L. Rasmussen, D. H. Kim, and N. Oebker. "Vine-Decline of Melons Caused by Monosporascus cannonballus in Arizona: Epidemiology and Cultivar Susceptibility." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221463.
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Palumbo, John C. "Review of New Insecticides Under Field Development for Desert Vegetable and Melon Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221606.
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The efficacy and field performance of new insecticides for control of insects on vegetables and melons under desert growing conditions has been investigated in small plot trials for the past several years at the Yuma Agricultural Center. Our objective has been to determine how new chemistries will fit into the growers management programs in Arizona. Thus, our research programs have been focused on studies to determine how to integrate these new chemicals into our local management programs in the most cost/effective way possible. This document was created to provide you with an overview of new insecticide chemistries being developed by the Agrichemical Industry for use in vegetables. The first part of this report concisely describes the new types of chemistries being developed The tabular information presented is a summary of the efficacy and activity of the new compounds based on research we have conducted at the Yuma Agricultural Center.
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Palumbo, John C. "Seasonal Dynamics and Management of Whiteflies on Melons and Vegetables in the Desert Southwest." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221609.
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For the past 5 years, Arizona growers have been faced with the challenge of managing whiteflies populations to prevent yield reduction and loss of quality of their vegetable and melon crops. A large cooperative research effort was directed statewide to better understand how whiteflies develop on the numerous host -crops available and the environmental factors that influence their survival throughout the year. This information was used to develop short and long term management approaches for controlling whitefly populations. We quickly discovered that preventing whiteflies from colonizing plants was the key to successful management of whitefly populations in vegetable and melon crops. This report attempts to summarize what we presently understand about factors that influence the seasonal abundance of whiteflies in southern Arizona cropping systems. Non-chemical and chemical management approaches that have been developed by researchers and implemented by the agricultural communities are discussed
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Palumbo, John C. "Evaluation of Insect Growth Regulators for Management of Whiteflies in Melons." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221650.
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Whitefly populations were assessed under different IGR exposure levels, and compared to Admire. When used alone during the season Applaud, Knack, and Sterling significantly reduced immature colonization similar to the standard Admire application and significantly greater than the untreated melons. Applaud treatments, regardless of spray frequency, showed the most consistent reduction in immature whiteflies. Applaud through its vapor activity also appeared to provide a long residual period of control against nymphs. Single applications of Knack and Sterling were considerably less effective in preventing colonization than applying these material twice during the season. These compounds appeared to have considerably less residual activity, which is consistent with their modes of activity. All of the IGRs had a significant impact on the distribution of nymphs among the leaves on the primary vine. In addition, Applaud provided the best melon quality. We now have a good understanding of how the IGRs influence whitefly population growth, the residual mortality of the IGRs and proper application timing for whitefly management. This information will allow us to develop a simple and reliable method that growers and PCAs can use to assess product performance and time spray applications.
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Long, Robert Llewellyn, and bizarrealong@hotmail com. "Improving fruit soluble solids content in melon (Cucumis melo L.) (reticulatus group) in the Australian production system." Central Queensland University. Biological and Environmental Science, 2005. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20051019.144749.
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Total soluble solids (TSS) is a reliable indicator of melon eating quality, with a minimum standard of 10% recommended. The state of Australian melon production with respect to this quality criterion was considered within seasons, between growing districts and over seasons. It was concluded that improvement in agronomic practice and varietal selection is required to produce sweeter melons. The scientific literature addressing melon physiology and agronomy was summarised, as a background to the work that is required to improve melon production practices in Australia.
The effect of source sink manipulation was assessed for commercially grown and glasshouse grown melon plants. The timing of fruit thinning, pollination scheduling, the application of a growth inhibitor and source biomass removal were assessed in relation to fruit growth and sugar accumulation. Results are interpreted against a model in which fruit rapidly increase in weight until about two weeks before harvest, with sugar accumulation continuing as fruit growth ceases. Thus treatment response is very dependant on timing of application. For example, fruit thinning at 25 days before harvest resulted in further fruit set and increased fruit weight but did not impact on fruit TSS (at 9.8%, control 9.3%), while thinning at 5 days before harvest resulted in a significant (Pless than 0.05) increase in fruit TSS (to 10.8%, control 9.3%) and no increase in fruit weight or number. A cost/ benefit analysis is presented, allowing an estimation of the increase in sale price required to sustain the implementation of fruit thinning.
The effect of irrigation scheduling was also considered with respect to increasing melon yield and quality. To date, recommended practice has been to cause an irrigation deficit close to fruit harvest, with the intent of 'drying out' or 'stressing' the plant, to 'bring on' maturity and increase sugar accumulation. Irrigation trials showed that keeping plants stress-free close to harvest and during harvest, facilitated the production of sweeter fruit.
The maintenance of a TSS grade standard using either batch based (destructive) sampling or (non-invasive) grading of individual fruit is discussed. On-line grading of individual fruit is possible using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), but the applicability of the technique to melons has received little published attention. Tissue sampling strategy was optimised, in relation to the optical geometry used (in commercial operation in Australia), both in terms of the diameter and depth of sampled tissue. NIR calibration model performance was superior when based on the TSS of outer, rather than inner mesocarp tissue. However the linear relationship between outer and middle tissue TSS was strong (r2 = 0.8) in immature fruit, though less related in maturing fruit (r2 = 0.5). The effect of fruit storage (maturation/senescence) on calibration model performance was assessed. There was a negligible effect of fruit cold storage on calibration performance.
Currently, the agronomist lacks a cost-effective tool to rapidly assess fruit TSS in the field. Design parameters for such a tool were established, and several optical front ends compared for rapid, though invasive, analysis. Further, for visualisation of the spatial distribution of tissue TSS within a melon fruit, a two-dimensional, or hyper-spectral NIR imaging system based on a low cost 8-bit charge coupled device (CCD) camera and filter arrangement, was designed and characterised.
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Rajab, Mazen. "Déterminisme du sexe chez le melon (Cucumis melo) : clonage et caractérisation du gène G contrôlant la gynoécie." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112020.
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Nous avons choisi la stratégie de clonage positionnel, afin d’isoler le gène G contrôlant la gynoécie chez le melon. Une carte génétique et une carte physique, ont été construites. Vingt-deux marqueurs génétiques ont été créés à partir des séquences des extrémités des clones BAC du contig de la région. Ces marqueurs ont été cartographiés en exploitant une population de 9684 individus ségrégant pour le gène G. Le criblage de trois banques BAC génomiques monoïques, a abouti à l’identification de 12 clones BAC portant l’allèle G. Le clone 102 a été choisi pour être séquencé. L’annotation de séquence a permis d’identifier la région responsable de la gynoécie à un intervalle de 1. 4 kb, correspondant à une région intergénique non-codante. Afin d’identifier la nature de l’allèle g, une banque BAC a été construite à partir d’une accession gynoïque. Ainsi, le clone BAC P7 portant l’allèle g, a permis de mettre en évidence la présence d’une insertion de 8 kb au niveau de l’intervalle physique de 1. 4 kb identifié sur le clone BAC 102. Cette insertion correspond à un transposon ADN de la famille hAT situé à 1. 3 kb de l’ORF 3. L’analyse de la méthylation au niveau de ce transposon montre qu’il est fortement méthylé. La méthylation de ce transposon se propage à l’ORF 3 perturbant ainsi son expression. Cette propagation de la méthylation crée une épimutation. La validation fonctionnelle du gène CmWIP1 par TILLING conduit à une féminisation complète de la plante, démontrant ainsi que ce facteur de transcription est responsable de la gynoécie chez le melon<br>We chose the positional cloning as a strategy to isolate the gene G, which controls gynoecy in melon. A fine genetic mapping localized the G locus in a region of 8,28 cM, between the PCR marker M30 and the M53. Starting from two BAC libraries generated from monoecious plants (9684 individuals segregating for the G gene) we identified 14 overlapping BAC clones and built a fine physical map of the G locus. We determined 22 markers in the contig region of these BAC clones. We than identified 12 BAC clones carrying the G allele, by screening a third genomic BAC library also generated from monoecious plants. We entirely sequenced the 66 Kb BAC clone 102 and identified the region responsible for gyneocy in a region of 1. 4 Kb, which corresponds to a non-coding intergenic region. In order to identify the g allele, a BAC library coming from a gynoecious accession (gg) was built. The BAC clone P7 carrying the g allele, allowed us to identify an insertion of 8 KB at 1. 4 Kb, previously identified on the BAC clone 102/24/5. This insertion corresponds to a DNA transposon belonging to the hAT family, located at 1. 3 Kb from the ORF3, which corresponds to the CmWIP1 gene. Methylation analysis showed that this region is strongly methylated, thus impairing its expression and generating an epimutation. We used the TILLING approach to mutagenized the G gene, obtaining hence a complete reversion of plants to females. This results shows that the transcription factor controls the gynoecy in melon
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Palumbo, John C., and Kai Umeda. "Whitefly Management on Desert Melons." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146699.
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Umeda, Kai. "Evaluation of Postemergence Herbicides for Melon Weed Control." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221635.
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Bentazon (Basagran®) at 0.5 to 2.0 lb a. i. /A, halosulfuron (Permit®) at 0.025 to 0.10 lb a.i A, and pyridate (Lentagran®) at 0.25 to 1.5 lb a.i. /A were applied postemergence on cantaloupe and watermelon. Bentazon was marginally safe on cantaloupes and controlled purslane and pigweeds. Morningglory and Wright's groundcherry were not effectively controlled by bentazon. Bentazon appeared to be less injurious to watermelons relative to cantaloupes. Halosulfuron was safe on both cantaloupes and watermelons (<15% injury). Halosulfuron at greater than 0.05 lb /A was effective in controlling only Hyssop spurge and London rocket. In one test, halosulfuron gave acceptable control (85 %) of morningglory. Purslane and groundcherry were not controlled by halosulfuron. Pyridate was not safe on cantaloupes causing severe crop stand reduction. Pyridate was safer on watermelons and caused marginally acceptable injury, however, weed control was not effective against groundcherry, spurge or London rocket. Pyridate appeared to give acceptable control of morningglory in one test.
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Pereira, García Lara. "Genetic dissection of fruit quality and ripening traits in melon." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663830.
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El melón (Cucumis melo L.) es un importante cultivo a nivel mundial, con una producción de 31 millones de toneladas durante el año 2016. Aunque tradicionalmente los programas de mejora genética se han focalizado en el comportamiento agronómico del cultivo, la calidad de fruto se ha convertido recientemente en un objetivo principal. La calidad del fruto es un concepto complejo, que incluye diversos caracteres relacionados con la apariencia visual del fruto y su calidad nutricional y organoléptica. Muchos de estos caracteres están asociados a la maduración de fruto, que es el proceso que sufre el fruto para transformarse en un alimento atractivo para promover la dispersión de la semilla. Los frutos son clasificados, en base a su comportamiento durante la maduración, en climatéricos, cuando la hormona vegetal etileno es sintetizada de manera autocatalítica al comienzo del proceso de maduración, y no climatéricos, para los cuales el etileno no tiene un papel importante. El principal objetivo de este trabajo ha sido estudiar las bases genéticas de la calidad y la maduración del fruto en melón.
Hemos desarrollado una población de líneas puras recombinantes (RIL) a partir del cruce entre dos variedades élite, “Védrantais”, altamente climatérica, y “Piel de Sapo” (PS), no climatérica. La diversidad fenotípica en la calidad de fruto y los caracteres asociados a la maduración, incluyendo la producción de etileno, han sido estudiados en profundidad. Un mapa genético de alta densidad ha sido construido usando variantes obtenidas a través de un experimento de genotyping-by-sequencing. Un experimento de mapeo de QTLs reveló cinco genes mayores y 33 QTLs implicados en la apariencia visual del fruto (color, presencia de suturas, moteado), morfología de fruto, contenido en azúcares y peso de semilla. Un segundo experimento de mapeo de QTLs identificó 14 QTLs implicados en la producción de etileno y otros caracteres asociados a la maduración, como degradación de clorofila o formación de una capa de abscisión. Entre ellos, podemos destacar un QTL mayor, ETHQV8.1, implicado en la producción de etileno que afectó a prácticamente todos los caracteres estudiados, localizado en un intervalo de 500 kb del cromosoma VIII.
Para diseccionar genéticamente la maduración del fruto, además de la mencionada población de RILs, estudiamos la línea casi isogénica (NIL) climatérica 8M35, con el fondo genético de PS y una introgresión de la accesión exótica PI 161375. 8M35 porta el QTL ETHQB3.5, delimitado en una región de 5Mb del cromosoma III. Se ha seguido una estrategia de clonaje posicional para el mapeo fino de ETHQB3.5, generando un juego diverso de subNILs. Tras múltiples evaluaciones de diferentes subNILs, determinamos que al menos dos factores genéticos diferentes deben estar implicados en el desencadenamiento de la maduración climatérica en la línea 8M35. Uno de ellos, nombrado ETHQB3.5.1, es responsable de la mayor parte del fenotipo y fue delimitado a una región de 500 kb que contiene 63 genes anotados.
Finalmente, dos colecciones de introgresiones recíprocas fueron desarrolladas, utilizando “Védrantais” y PS, ambos como líneas parentales recurrente y donante, respectivamente. Se efectuaron retrocruzamientos recurrentes en las dos direcciones y se realizó una selección asistida por marcadores en cada generación, para seleccionar tanto la introgresión diana como el fondo genético deseado. Las colecciones actuales, que cubren el 95% del genoma de la línea parental donante, están formadas por 38 líneas de introgresión. Hemos realizado un fenotipado preliminar que ha permitido validar algunos de los QTLs mapeados en la población de RILs. Además, dos familias segregantes de líneas de introgresión con el fondo genético de PS se han usado para el mapeo fino de ETHQV8.1, permitiendo reducir la región a un intervalo de 150 kb que contiene 14 genes candidatos.<br>Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important crop worldwide, with a production of around 31 million tons during 2016. Although traditionally breeding programs have been focused on agronomic traits, fruit quality has become a main goal recently. Fruit quality is a complex concept, including diverse traits related to fruit appearance, nutritional and organoleptic traits. Many of these traits are associated to fruit ripening, which is the process that the fruit undergoes to become edible to promote seed dispersal. Fruits are classified according to their ripening behavior into climacteric, when the plant hormone ethylene is synthesized in an autocatalytic way at the onset of ripening, and non-climacteric, in which ethylene has not a major role. The main goal of this work was to study the genetic basis of fruit quality and fruit ripening in melon.
We have developed a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population from a cross between two elite cultivars, “Védrantais”, highly climacteric, and “Piel de Sapo”, non-climacteric. The phenotypic diversity in fruit quality and ripening-associated traits, including ethylene production, has been thoroughly studied. A high-density genetic map was constructed using SNPs and INDELs obtained through a genotyping-by-sequencing experiment. A first QTL mapping experiment revealed five major genes and 33 QTLs governing fruit appearance (flesh and rind color, presence of sutures, mottled rind), fruit morphology, sugar content and seed weight. A second QTL mapping experiment identified 14 QTLs modifying ethylene production and ripening-associated traits, as chlorophyll degradation and abscission layer formation. Among them, we highlight a major QTL, ETHQV8.1, involved in ethylene production that was affecting almost all the studied traits, located in a 500-kb interval in chromosome VIII.
In order to genetically dissect the fruit ripening process in melon, in addition to the mentioned RIL population, we studied a climacteric near-isogenic line, 8M35, with “Piel de Sapo” background and containing an introgression from the exotic accession PI 161375. 8M35 carries a QTL, ETHQB3.5, delimited in a region of 5 Mb in chromosome III. A positional cloning strategy was followed to fine map ETHQB3.5, generating a diverse set of subNILs. After multiple evaluations of different subNILs, we determined that at least two different genetic factors should be involved in triggering climacteric ripening in 8M35. One of them, named ETHQB3.5.1, which is responsible for the major part of the variation, was delimited to a 500-kb region containing 63 annotated genes.
Finally, two reciprocal introgression line (IL) collections were developed, using both “Védrantais” and “Piel de Sapo” as recurrent and donor parental lines, respectively. Recurrent backcrosses were performed in both directions and marker-assisted selection was performed in each generation to select both the target introgressions and the desired background. The current IL collections, covering approximately 95% of the donor parental genome, are formed by 38 ILs. We performed a preliminary phenotyping that allowed to validate some of the QTLs mapped in the RIL population for both fruit quality and fruit ripening traits. In addition, two segregating families of ILs with “Piel de Sapo” background were used to fine map ETHQV8.1, allowing to narrow down the region to a 150-kb interval containing 14 candidate genes.
As a summary, this PhD thesis has contributed to improving our knowledge about the genetics of fruit quality and particularly fruit ripening in melon, proposing some important QTLs that will be further explored in the future. Our work suggests that climacteric behavior in melon is a complex and quantitative trait controlled by polygenic inheritance, rather than a qualitative class as described traditionally in the literature.
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Chen, Qixuan. "Anti-obesity effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31048778.
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Chen, Qixuan, and 陳起萱. "Anti-obesity effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31048778.
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Nuñez-Palenius, Hector Gordon. "Transformation of 'Galia' melon to improve fruit quality." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011467.
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Nischwitz, Claudia. "Factors influencing charcoal rot of melon in Arizona." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291652.
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Studies were initiated to determine if drip irrigation contributes to increased incidence of Charcoal Rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina , in melons in Arizona. Soil samples from furrow- and drip- (with and without plastic mulch) irrigated fields were analyzed for soil chemical and physical parameters: pH, moisture, salinity and temperature; and for microbial factors: inoculum density, mycorrhizal infection, nematode abundance, and basal respiration. Results show a significant decrease in pH and increase in temperature in drip versus furrow-irrigated soils. Also, the interaction of pH, salinity, moisture, and irrigation type was significant for inoculum density of M. phaseolina which was up to 150 times higher in drip irrigated fields. In greenhouse trials, disease incidence increased significantly as salinity of irrigation water increased, but was not affected by root-knot nematode. Therefore, soil characteristics of drip-irrigated soils may contribute to a soil environment conducive to an increase in Charcoal Rot in melon.
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Palumbo, John C., Athayde Jr Tonhasca, and David N. Byrne. "Sampling Schemes and Action Thresholds for Sweet Potato Whitefly Management in Spring Melons." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214720.
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Early season infestations of sweet potato whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci ( Gennadius) were monitored in fields of cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L., near Yuma, Arizona. We used these data to describe the relationship between the proportion of infested leaves and mean adult population density for the entire field. This model was used to develop a binomial sampling plan based on a presence- absence approach. We evaluated the model with three independent data sets, and the level of agreement between the model and data was reasonable for pest management purposes. A minimum sample size of 200 leaves is suggested for maximum accuracy. By turning over 50 leaves in the four quadrants of a field and determining what proportion have whiteflies (i.e., are there whitefly adults on the leaf or not), growers can estimate field populations. We recommend that if 60% of the sampled leaves have whiteflies then it is time to make a pesticide application because that tells you that population levels are approaching 3 adults per leaf.
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Palumbo, John, and Wayne Coates. "Deposition and Efficacy of Capture and Thiodan Applied to Melons Using Several Application Technologies." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214748.
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A study was conducted in 1995 to evaluate five application technologies in the field in terms of deposition efficiency, as well as to assess their abilities to control the sweet potato whitefly and thereby influence crop yield. The FMC and ESS-on treatments provided the greatest deposition on the ventral side of the leaves. The FMC system tended to maintain high ventral deposition efficiencies as the plants grew and the canopy closed, whereas the efficiency of the ESS declined. Differences in ventral deposition efficiency among treatments were not closely associated with differences in whitefly control, although the declining rate of ventral deposition for the ESS-on is also reflected in its declining superiority in adult insect control relative to the CDA and conventional systems. The ESS sprayer provided somewhat better whitefly control than the conventional treatment, and was also associated with a higher yield of #12 melons than the control and Admire treatments, but not better than the conventional treatment. Early control of adults was associated with reduced egg counts later in the season, suggesting that there may be long term control advantages with the ESS system. New application technologies need to be developed to obtain higher ventral deposition and maximum whitefly control, with minimum use of insecticides.
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Cuny, Florence. "Processus d'induction d'embryons haploïdes par du pollen irradié chez le melon (cucumis melo l. ) : réponses du pollen à l'irradiation gamma." Avignon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AVIG0301.
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La réponse du pollen de melon à l'irradiation gamma est etudiée dans l'optique de la détermination du processus d'induction d'embryons haploïdes. Quelles que soient les doses d'irradiation comprises entre 0,15 et 2,5 kgy, l'induction d'embryons haploïdes, d'origine maternelle, est toujours présente. L'étude histologique indique que le melon possède un mégagamétophyte de type polygonum à huit noyaux et sept cellules, chacune montrant une forme différente de spécialisation structurale. La fécondation s'achève trois jours après la pollinisation avec la formation du zygote dont la différenciation de type crucifère ne s'amorce que deux jours après. Lorsque le pollen est irradié, l'albumen forme une masse compacte cellularisée dépourvue d'haustorium. Gééeralement, les pseudo-zygotes, vacuolisés et chargés en amidon, se divisent et évoluent en proembryons anormaux qui avortent. Parfois, l'oosphère se développe en un embryon haploïde selon un processus de pseudogamie. Le pollen de melon bicellulaire germe in vitro à un taux de 98%. Des doses d'irradiation supérieures à 2,5 kgy sont nécessaires pour réduire significativement la vitesse de croissance du tube pollinique et affecter la division de la cellule génératrice. Ainsi, tant que le pollen est capable de germer correctement, l'induction d'embryons haploïdes se réalise. Les tubes polliniques sont caractérisés par une zonation ultrastructurale qui témoigne de spécialisations fonctionnelles. Les vésicules golgiennes chargées en precurseurs polysaccharidiques migrent vers l'apex du tube pollinique où leur fusion avec la membrane plasmique contribue à l'élongation apicale de ce tube et à l'édification de la couche pariétale pecto-cellulosique. La voie exocytaire réalisée entre le réticulum endoplasmique et la membrane plasmique est responsable de la mise en place de la couche pariétale interne callosique. La vacuolisation de la zone distale est assurée par les profils réticulaires et par les provacuoles golgiennes. Lorsque le pollen est irradié à forte dose, la vacuolisation est faible et la croissance pariétale fortement affectée. L'altération du système membranaire limite les processus exocytiques de reconnaissance indispensables à la croissance du tube pollinique. Le sporoderme du grain de pollen semble constituer une protection efficace contre le rayonnement gamma
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Umeda, Kai. "Weed Control in Melons." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146709.
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Anselmo, Francisca Deuzenir Marques. "Quality and melon postharvest conservation Cantaloupe "Torreon" for export." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1507.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico<br>Avaliou-se a vida Ãtil pÃs-colheita de melÃes Cantaloupe, hÃbrido âTorreonâ,
submetidos à aplicaÃÃo pÃs-colheita de 1-MCP em diferentes concentraÃÃes (0, 300 e 600
ppb) e dois perÃodos distintos de exposiÃÃo ao gÃs (6 e 12 horas), colhidos em dois diferentes
estÃdios de maturaÃÃo (50 e 75% de rachadura do pedÃnculo) mantidos em armazenamento
refrigerado durante 21 dias e 28 dias, visando exportaÃÃo. Os frutos foram colhidos em
fazendas de MossorÃ, RN-Brasil, sendo analisados nos LaboratÃrios de Fisiologia e
Tecnologia PÃs-colheita da Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical e de Frutos Tropicais do
Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, em Fortaleza-
CE. Para o monitoramento da qualidade dos frutos durante a armazenagem, determinaÃÃes
quanto à perda de massa acumulada e firmeza externa e interna foram efetuadas, alÃm de
avaliaÃÃo visual de aceitaÃÃo segundo escala de notas; onde se atribui notas relativas à cor
externa, firmeza, incidÃncia de podridÃes e aparÃncia geral. Foram realizadas as anÃlises
fÃsico-quÃmicas de clorofila total, aÃÃcares solÃveis totais, aÃÃcares redutores, carotenÃides
totais, coloraÃÃo da polpa, conteÃdo de sÃlidos solÃveis totais, acidez total (AT) e pH.
Segundo a avaliaÃÃo visual, a aplicaÃÃo do 1-MCP retardou a perda de firmeza e de coloraÃÃo
verde dos frutos, bem como a incidÃncia de podridÃes. A manutenÃÃo da firmeza foi
confirmada atravÃs da analise em texturÃmetro. Frutos tratados com 1-MCP apresentaram
maior firmeza do que os frutos controle e esse resultado foi mais efetivo com o aumento da
dosagem.<br>It was evaluated useful life postharvest Cantaloupe melons, hybrid `Torreon', submitted to the application postharvest of 1-MCP at different concentrations (0, 300 and 600 ppb) and two periods of exposition to the gas (6 and 12 hours),harvested in two different stadiums of maturation (50 and 75% stalk abscission layer) kept
in storage cooled during 21 days and 28 days, aiming at exportation. The fruits were harvested in farms at MossorÃ, RN-Brazil, being analyzed in the Laboratories of Physiology and Technology Postharvest of the Embrapa
Tropical AgroindÃstria and of Tropical Fruits of the Department of Food Technology of the Federal University of the CearÃ, in Fortaleza-CE. For the monitoring of the quality of the fruits during storage, its physical characterization how much to the loss of accumulated mass and external and internal firmness beyond visual evaluation acceptance second scale was
made notes; in this scale if external color attributes to relative notes Ã, firmness, incidence of podridÃes and general appearance. Physical chemical analysis were performed of total chlorophyll content, soluble sugars, reducing sugars, totals carotenoids, coloration of the pulp, total soluble solid content, totals acidity (AT) and pH. According to visual evaluation, the
application of the 1-MCP delayed the loss of firmne
ss and green coloration of the fruits, as well as the incidence of rottenness. The maintenance of the firmness was confirmed through analyzes physical in the device texturometer. Fruits dealt with 1-MCP had presented greater firmness of that the fruits have controlled and this result was more effective with the increase of the dosage.
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Périn, Christophe. "Construction d'une carte génétique de référence du melon (Cucumis melo L. ) et étude du contrôle génétique du développement et de la maturation du fruit." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22066.
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Wang, You Ming. "The chemistry and biochemistry of melon fruit development and quality /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1994. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030606.092302/index.html.
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Agaoua, Aimeric. "Fonction de la protéine VPS4 dans la sensibilité et la résistance au Watermelon mosaic virus (Potyvirus) chez le melon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0721.
Full textAbstract:
Les Cucurbitaceae sont une famille de plantes représentée par une grande diversité d’espèces et cultivées dans toutes les régions du monde. Le melon, qui appartient à cette famille et au genre Cucumis, est particulièrement sensible aux Potyvirus, vis-à-vis desquels aucun allèle du facteur d’initiation de la traduction eIF4e n’a permis d’induire de résistance. Chez le concombre, une Cucurbitaceae du genre Cucumis, Amano et al. (2013) ont identifié un allèle du gène codant pour la protéine VPS4 (Vacuolar protein sorting protein 4), impliqué dans la résistance au Potyvirus Zuchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Dans la cellule, la protéine VPS4 appartient au complexe ESCRT (Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) et est impliquée dans la déformation des membranes au niveau des endosomes pour former les corps multivésiculaires (MVBs). L’ESCRT est fortement conservée chez tous les organismes eucaryotes et bien décrite chez les levures et les mammifères. L’utilisation des membranes cellulaires par les virus à ARNsb(+) par le biais de l’ESCRT et de VPS4 est largement décrite pour les virus infectant les animaux, notamment pour les virus du papillome humain (VPH) et de l’immunodéficience humaine (VIH) . Ces dernières années, le rôle majeur du transport vésiculaire dans l'infection virale a également été mis en évidence chez les plantes. Les virus à ARNsb+ forment des vésicules et des quasi-organites, en intégrant les complexes de réplication virales (VRCs) et tous les éléments nécessaires à la réplication de l'ARN viral et à la traduction des protéines virales .Cette thèse se concentre sur deux aspects : (1) la caractérisation d’allèles du gène Vps4 impliqués dans la résistance récessive au Potyvirus Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) chez le melon (2) et l’étude du rôle de l’ESCRT dans la formation des vésicules virales chez les Potyvirus. Dans le premier objectif, j’ai montré qu’une mutation ponctuelle sur le gène codant pour la protéine VPS4 induit la résistance au WMV chez l’accession de melon TGR-1551. Pour cela, j’ai utilisé un virus transformé avec l’allèle sauvage pour infecter l’accession TGR-1551. Cela a permis d’observer la restauration de la sensibilité chez l’accession résistante. De plus, l’ensemble des accessions portant cet allèle sont également résistantes au WMV. Ces résultats représentent la première caractérisation des bases moléculaires d’une résistance au WMV chez le melon. Associés aux résultats de Amano et al., (2013), ces travaux contribuent à l’identification d’un gène de résistance à plusieurs Potyvirus. Dans le second objectif, j’ai montré l’implication de l’ESCRT dans la réplication des Potyvirus. Par une approche de double hybride associé aux protéines transmembranaires, nous avons montré l’interaction de la protéine virale 6K2 avec les protéines CmVPS28, CmVPS2, CmVPS24 et CmVPS4 du melon. De plus, nous avons localisé l’interaction 6K2/VPS4 au niveau des vésicules virales dans la cellule de plante. L’ESCRT ayant été caractérisée uniquement au niveau des MVBs, la présence de VPS4 au niveau des vésicules virales, en particulier au niveau des chloroplastes, implique le détournement de l’ensemble du mécanisme ESCRT par le virus. Pris ensemble, ces travaux contribuent à une meilleure compréhension du mécanisme de formation des vésicules virales au cours d’une infection d’une cellule de plante par un Potyvirus. Ils offrent également l’opportunité d’identifier de nouveaux allèles apportant une résistance aux Potyvirus afin de développer de nouvelles variétés résistantes<br>Cucurbitaceae are a family of plants represented by a great diversity of species and cultivated crops all around the world. Within this family and in the genus Cucumis, the melon is particularly susceptible to Potyviruses, against which no allele of the translation initiation factor eIF4e gene has been able to induce a resistance. In cucumber, also a Cucurbitaceae in the genus Cucumis, Amano et al. (2013) identified an allele of the gene encoding for the VPS4 protein, which is involved in the resistance to the Potyvirus Zuchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). In the cell, the VPS4 protein belong to the ESCRT complex (Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) and is involved in the membrane deformation at the endosome level to create multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The ESCRT complex is highly conserved in all eukaryotic organisms and well described in yeasts and mammals. The use of cell membranes by ssRNA(+) viruses through ESCRT and VPS4 has been widely described for viruses infecting animals, including Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) viruses. In recent years, the major role of vesicular transport in viral infection has also been demonstrated in plants. ssRNA(+) viruses form vesicles and quasi-organelles using cell endomembrane, integrating viral replication complexes (VRCs) and all the elements necessary for the replication of viral RNA and for the translation of viral proteins.This thesis focuses on two aspects: (1) the characterization of alleles of the Vps4 gene involved in melon in a recessive resistance to the Potyvirus Watermelon mosic virus (WMV) (2) and the study of the ESCRT involvement in the formation of viral vesicles in Potyvirus.In the first objective, I demonstrated that a point mutation in the gene encoding the VPS4 protein induces resistance to WMV in the melon accession TGR-1551. For this, I used a virus transformed with the wild type allele of Vps4 to infect the TGR-1551 accession. This allowed us to observe the restoration of the susceptibility in the resistant accession. In addition, all accessions from the natural diversity carrying this allele are also resistant to WMV. These results represent the first characterization of the molecular basis of resistance to WMV in melon. Combined with the results of Amano et al. (2013), this work is part of the identification of a gene for resistance to several Potyviruses.In the second objective, I demonstrated the involvement of ESCRT in the replication of Potyviruses. Using a yeast two-hybrid approach adapted to transmembrane proteins, we showed the interaction of the viral protein 6K2 with the CmVPS28, CmVPS2, CmVPS24 and CmVPS4 melon proteins. In addition, we localized the 6K2 / VPS4 interaction at the viral vesicle level in the plant cell. Since ESCRT has been characterized only at the level of MVBs, the presence of VPS4 at the level of viral vesicles, especially at the level of chloroplasts, implies the hijack of the entire ESCRT mechanism by the virus.Taken together, this work provides a better understanding of the viral vesicle formation mechanism during infection of a plant cell by a Potyvirus. It also offers the opportunity to identify new alleles providing resistance to Potyviruses in order to develop new resistant varieties
42
Lasserre, Éric. "Structure et expression des gènes codant pour l'ACC oxydase chez le melon (Cucumis melo L. ) : Analyse fonctionnelle des régions régulatrices." Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT016A.
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L'ethylene est une hormone vegetale qui influence de maniere fondamentale le developpement des plantes superieures et leur reponse aux stress de l'environnement. Tres peu de resultats sont disponibles sur l'expression differentielle des genes codant pour l'acc oxydase, la derniere enzyme de sa voie de biosynthese. Le travail presente montre que, chez le melon, elle est codee par une famille multigenique de trois genes, cm-aco1, cm-aco2 et cm-aco3 qui ont ete clones et sequences. Ils sont exprimes differentiellement dans les feuilles, les fleurs et les fruits, et en reponse a une blessure, et un traitement a l'ethylene. Sur ces bases, l'analyse fonctionnelle des promoteurs des genes cm-aco1 et cm-aco3 a ete entreprise par fusion traductionnelle avec le gene rapporteur gus. La regulation de l'expression de ces genes chimeriques a ete etudiee apres transformation du tabac et en expression transitoire dans les feuilles de melon par biolistique. 2260 paires de bases du promoteur de cm-aco3 dirigent une expression forte du gene gus dans les fleurs de tabacs transgeniques. 737 paires de bases de la region regulatrice de cm-aco1 permettent une activation de la transcription dans les feuilles en reponse a l'ethylene, a une blessure, au sulfate de cuivre, et lors d'interactions compatibles et incompatibles avec des microorganismes pathogenes. Une analyse par deletions progressives de l'extremite 5' de ce promoteur a permis d'isoler une region de 189 paires de bases impliquee dans la reponse a l'ethylene et a une souche avirulente de p. Solanacearum. Dans cette region, deux courtes sequences sont homologues a des elements cis-regulateurs conferant la sensibilite a l'ethylene. Mais plusieurs elements sont susceptibles d'etre impliques dans la reponse precoce a la reaction d'hypersensibilite. Les modalites de la regulation de la biosynthese de l'ethylene sont discutees au regard des elements nouveaux apportes par ces resultats
43
Wang, You Ming, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology, and School of Science. "The chemistry and biochemistry of melon fruit development and quality." THESIS_FST_SS_Wang_Y.xml, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/86.
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A number of methods for the analysis of free amino acids in melon fruit have been evaluated experimentally. Analysis of their tBDMS derivatives by GC (gas chromatography) was found to be the most suitable for the mix of free amino acid found in the melon matrix. It affords good yields of amino acid derivatives with excellent gas chromatographic properties and characteristic mass spectra. The single-step derivatization procedure is highly reproducible and allows simultaneous analysis of asparagine and glutamine together with their corresponding acids. Changes in amino acids, sugars, the principal acids, volatiles and minerals in the free form were studied in the fruit mesocarp during development, ripening and storage of the fruits. Sucrose was the principal sugar, absent in young fruit but showing a dramatic increase during ripening while the levels of fructose and glucose remained constant during the whole course of fruit growth or slightly decreased during ripening and storage. The quantitative determination of 22 free amino acids was achieved by GC analysis using the method developed. Total aroma volatiles were determined using a headspace-gas chromatographic technique. They increased and reached a maximum value just before fruit full slip. Most of the esters characteristic of melon aroma were absent in young fruit but developed at the ripening stage. Changes in the quantities of mineral nutrients present in the fruits were determined by ICP-AES analysis. The concentrations of most elements increased thoughout the fruit development except for Ca which decreased markedly and Cu which decreased during early growth then fluctuated around lower values later in the development stage. All of the above changes can be related to the metabolic activity during fruit growth and maturation. Statistical analysis showed changes in TV, TSS, TS, pH, some free amino acids and some minerals were strongly correlated.<br>Master of Science (Hons)
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Barros, JosivÃnia Rodrigues. "Irrigation yellow melon plants with saline water enriched with CO2." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14644.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>Salt excess in the soil solution is a serious problem in agriculture, caused mainly by irrigation water, causing soil salinization. These salts, when absorbed affects the growth of plants because of the osmotic effect, reducing the absorption of water in the soil. In order to mitigate the deleterious effects of these salts in plants, several strategies have been developed in order to make plants most tolerant to salt stress. A recent innovation in plant cultivation system is the enrichment of irrigation water with carbon dioxide (carbonation), influencing the commercial crop yield and making them more tolerant to stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the application of CO2 in irrigation water of melon plants increases the tolerance of the same to salt stress. The experiment was conducted in Pacajus Experimental Field of Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry. The treatments were arranged in a factorial 5 x 3 with four replications, referring to salt solutions at electrical conductivities of (ECw) (0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1) and three treatments with CO2: no CO2 (SC), five applications of CO2 (since flowering until the beginning ripening of fruits) (C1) and two applications of CO2 (since fruit set until the ripening of fruits) (C2). The CO2 was used as a gas injected weekly directly in the irrigation system. The electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract and CO2 content in the irrigation water were measured at the end of the experiment. The measurement of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration occurred throughout plant development. Were also evaluated leaf area, dry weight of leaves and stem + branches, levels of Na+, Cl-, K+ and carbohydrates in the leaves and stems + branches, the number of fruits, productivity, weight, lengths and diameters of the fruit, pulp thickness, total soluble solids and citric acid content. Leaf concentrations of Na+, Cl- and K+ in the leaf and stem + branches were influenced by salinity, with interaction salinity x CO2. For the growth variables: leaf area, dry matter of leaves and stem + branches, there was a significant difference only for the salinity levels. All variables of gas exchange were influenced by salinity, while the stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis were significantly influenced by the application of CO2. The carbohydrate in stem + branches were influenced by the application of CO2. Irrigation with saline water caused a reduction in productivity, number of fruits, lengths of commercial and total fruits. These variables were not influenced by the application of CO2. It is concluded that salinity affected the growth, development and production of melon plants, while the application of CO2 did not minimize the deleterious effect of salts in plants.<br>Um dos grandes problemas enfrentados pela agricultura à o excesso de sais dissolvidos na soluÃÃo do solo, carreados principalmente pela Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo, causando a salinizaÃÃo do solo. Esses sais, ao serem absorvidos, afetam o crescimento das plantas devido ao efeito osmÃtico, dificultando a absorÃÃo de Ãgua no solo. A fim de amenizar os efeitos deletÃrios desses sais nas plantas, vÃrias estratÃgias vÃm sendo desenvolvidas visando tornar as plantas mais tolerantes ao estresse salino. Uma inovaÃÃo recente no sistema de cultivo de plantas à o enriquecimento da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo com o diÃxido de carbono (carbonataÃÃo), influenciando a produtividade comercial da cultura e tornando-a mais tolerante a estresses. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a aplicaÃÃo de CO2 na Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo de plantas de meloeiro aumenta a tolerÃncia das mesmas ao estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Pacajus da Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 5 x 3 com quatro repetiÃÃes, referentes Ãs soluÃÃes salinas com condutividades elÃtricas de (CEa) (0,5; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1) e trÃs tratamentos de CO2: ausÃncia de CO2 (SC), cinco aplicaÃÃes de CO2 (inÃcio do florescimento atà a maturaÃÃo dos frutos) (C1) e duas aplicaÃÃes de CO2 (apÃs a frutificaÃÃo atà a maturaÃÃo dos frutos) (C2). O CO2 foi aplicado na forma de gÃs, injetado semanalmente diretamente no sistema de irrigaÃÃo. A condutividade elÃtrica do extrato de saturaÃÃo do solo e o teor de CO2 na Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo foram mensurados ao final do experimento. As mediÃÃes de fotossÃntese, transpiraÃÃo e condutÃncia estomÃtica ocorreram ao longo do desenvolvimento das plantas. Foram avaliadas ainda a Ãrea foliar, as massas secas das folhas e do caule + ramos, os teores de Na+, Cl-, K+ e os carboidratos nas folhas e nos caules + ramos, o nÃmero de frutos, a produtividade de frutos, o peso, os comprimentos e diÃmetros dos frutos, espessura da polpa, sÃlidos solÃveis totais e teor de Ãcido cÃtrico. Os teores de Na+, Cl- e k+ na folha e caule + ramos foram influenciados pela salinidade, havendo interaÃÃo salinidade x CO2. Para as variÃveis de crescimento: Ãrea foliar, matÃria seca das folhas e caule +ramos, houve diferenÃa significativa apenas para os nÃveis de salinidade. Todas as variÃveis de trocas gasosas foram influenciadas pela salinidade, enquanto que a condutÃncia estomÃtica e a fotossÃntese liquida foram significativamente influenciadas pela aplicaÃÃo de CO2. Os teores de carboidratos no caule + ramos foram influenciados pela aplicaÃÃo de CO2. A irrigaÃÃo com Ãgua salina provocou reduÃÃo na produtividade, nÃmero de frutos, comprimentos dos frutos comercias e mÃdios. Essas variÃveis nÃo foram influenciadas pela aplicaÃÃo de CO2. Em funÃÃo do exposto, conclui-se que a salinidade afetou o crescimento, desenvolvimento e produÃÃo das plantas de meloeiro, enquanto a aplicaÃÃo do CO2 nÃo minimizou o efeito deletÃrio dos sais nas plantas.
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Castle, S. J. "Reduced Whitefly Infestations in Cotton Using a Melon Trap Crop." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197519.
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A second year of field experiments was completed in 1999 at MAC that explored the potential of using a melon trap crop to reduce whitefly infestations in cotton. The experimental design was altered from 1998 to gain isolation among treatment blocks by using 4 separate fields that helped to avoid the influence of one treatment upon the other. A consistent response of significantly fewer whiteflies in cotton planted within a surrounding melon trap crop, relative to the same area of cotton without the trap crop, was observed throughout the July- September sampling period. Better chemical management of whiteflies in the melons during the second season helped to reduce the large differential in whitefly densities between melons and cotton observed the previous year, but preferentially contributed to a greater differential observed between melonprotected cotton and unprotected cotton. Although the infestation buildup was delayed and the season-long densities of whiteflies in the melon-protected cotton were reduced, the action thresholds for treatment with IGRs were ultimately attained and exceeded. In the present management environment of perhaps only 1 IGR treatment per season, it is unlikely that the melon trap crop approach would provide acceptable control unless a grower was willing to tolerate lateseason whitefly densities higher than the current IPM recommendations.
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Silva, Antonia Rosimeire da Cruz. "Acúmulo de matéria seca e de nutrientes em plantas de cobertura do solo e meloeiro em sistemas de cultivo." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2015. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/170.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-10<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate the dry matter production and accumulation of macronutrients, C and C / N ratio of roofing plants in the semiarid region and the growth and accumulation of nutrients in melons in different cropping systems. The experiments were conducted between April and September / October and December 2011 and between May and October / November 2012 and January 2013, in Fazenda Agrícola Famosa Ltda., located on the border of the municipalities Tibau-RN / Icapuí-CE. In the first semester, we used a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of covers: sunn hemp and millet; corn + Brachiaria; spontaneous vegetation; Single millet and pork + millet beans. In the first semester, the production of dry matter of shoots of cover crops, accumulation of nutrients, carbon and C / N ratio were evaluated. In the second semester, we used the randomized block design with nine treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of covers: Sunnhemp + embedded millet; Corn + embedded brachiaria; Embedded spontaneous vegetation; Millet not incorporated; Sunnhemp + millet not incorporated; Corn + Brachiaria not incorporated; Unincorporated spontaneous vegetation; Solo kept without vegetation unincorporated and millet + jack bean unincorporated. The greatest productions of total dry matter accumulation of macronutrients, except S and carbon, were obtained with sunnhemp + millet and corn + Brachiaria and spontaneous vegetation. Pearl millet (2011) and corn + Brachiaria and spontaneous vegetation (2012) showed higher C / N. The maximum accumulated plant dry matter in melon was observed in sunnhemp + embedded millet, sunnhemp + unincorporated millet and maize + embedded brachiaria at 30 DAT, DAT 60 and DAT 60 fruit, respectively. Embedded vegetation cover and under the mulching resulted in higher overall productivity in melon. The cover crops corn + Brachiaria and sunn hemp and millet incorporated under mulching achieved the highest business productivity in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The plant covers that contributed most to the total accumulation of N, P and K in melon were sunnhemp + embedded millet and corn + Brachiaria not incorporated<br>O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de fitomassa seca e acúmulo de macronutrientes, C e a relação C/N de plantas de coberturas e o crescimento e acúmulo de nutrientes em meloeiro em diferentes sistemas de cultivo na região semiárida. Os experimentos foram realizados entre abril e setembro/outubro e dezembro de 2011 e entre maio e outubro/novembro de 2012 e janeiro 2013, na Fazenda Agrícola Famosa Ltda., situada na divisa dos municípios Tibau-RN/ Icapuí-CE. No primeiro semestre, utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram das coberturas: crotalária + milheto; milho + braquiária; vegetação espontânea; milheto solteiro e feijão de porco + milheto. No primeiro semestre, foram avaliados a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas de cobertura, acúmulos de macronutrientes, carbono e relação C/N. No segundo semestre, utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com nove tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas coberturas: Crotalária + milheto incorporado; Milho + braquiária incorporado; Vegetação espontânea incorporado; Milheto não incorporado; Crotalária + milheto não incorporado; Milho + braquiária não incorporado; Vegetação espontânea não incorporada; Solo mantido sem vegetação não incorporado e Milheto + feijão de porco não incorporado. As maiores produções de matéria seca total, acúmulo de macronutrientes, exceto S e carbono, foram obtidas com crotalária + milheto e milho + braquiária e vegetação espontânea. O milheto (2011) e milho + braquiária e vegetação espontânea (2012) apresentaram maiores relações C/N. A matéria seca vegetal acumulada máxima no melão foi observada na crotalária + milheto incorporado, crotalária + milheto não incorporado e no milho + braquiária, incorporado aos 30 DAT, 60 DAT e fruto aos 60 DAT, respectivamente. As coberturas vegetais incorporadas e sob o mulching resultaram em maior produtividade total no melão. As coberturas vegetais milho + braquiária e crotalária + milheto incorporado sob mulching obtiveram a maior produtividade comercial em 2011 e 2012, respectivamente. As plantas de coberturas que mais contribuíram para o acúmulo total de N, P e K no melão foram a crotalária + milheto incorporado e milho + braquiária não incorporado
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Guiu, Aragonés Cèlia. "Study of Cucumber mosaic virus infection in the resistant melon accession PI 161375." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284908.
Full textAbstract:
L’accessió exòtica de meló PI 161375 presenta una barreja de resistència qualitativa i quantitativa front a la infecció per CMV depenent de la soca. Anteriorment s’ha descrit la presencia del gen recessiu de resistència cmv1 situat en el grup de lligament XII, i que conferia resistència total només a algunes soques de CMV (Essafi et al., 2009). En aquesta tesi hem ampliat els coneixements sobre la resistència determinada pel gen cmv1 present en meló i hem obtingut la seqüència i els clons infectius de la soca M6. Aquesta tesi ha estat estructurada en tres capítols.
En el primer capítol vam analitzar la resistència conferida pel gen cmv1 en 11 soques de CMV del subgrup I i II. Els resultats van indicar que cmv1 conferia resistència total a les soques del subgrup II però no a les del subgrup I. Mitjançant l’ús dels clons infectius de les soques CMV-LS (subgrup II) i CMV-FNY (subgrup I) vam fer combinacions entre els RNAs d’ambdues soques podent localitzar el determinant de virulència en el RNA3. Virus quimèrics entre FNY i LS van indicar-nos que el determinant de virulència estava en els 209 aminoàcids de l’extrem N-terminal de la proteïna de moviment. Mitjançant mutagènesi dirigida vàrem identificar una combinació de 4 posicions específiques que confereixen a LS l’habilitat de sobrepassar la resistència conferida pel gen cmv1 quan els substituïm pels residus corresponents de la soca FNY.
El segon capítol tracta de la caracterització de la resistència conferida pel gen cmv1. La soca CMV-LS és capaç de replicar-se i de moure’s cèl·lula a cèl·lula en la fulla inoculada de la línia resistent. No obstant, LS és incapaç d’envair el floema ja que no hem pogut detectar virus en el floema de la línia resistent. Mitjançant immunomarcatge de CMV amb or col·loïdal hem identificat el límit entre cèl·lules de la beina (BS) i parènquima vascular (VP) o cèl·lules acompanyants (IC) com a barrera que impedeix la infecció sistèmica en la línia portadora del gen cmv1. Amb els resultats obtinguts hem demostrat que la resistència determinada pel gen cmv1 interromp l’entrada del virus al sistema vascular, impedint així una infecció sistèmica.
En el tercer capítol vam obtenir la seqüència de la soca CMV-M6 i vam generar clons moleculars capaços d’infectar sistèmicament N. benthamiana i meló.<br>La accesión exótica de melón PI 161375 presenta una mezcla de resistencia cualitativa y cuantitativa frente a la infección por CMV, dependiendo de la cepa. Anteriormente se describió en nuestro laboratorio la presencia del gen recesivo de resistencia cmv1 situado en el grupo de ligamiento XII, y que confería resistencia total sólo a algunas cepas de CMV (Essafi et al., 2009). En esta tesis hemos ampliado los conocimientos sobre la resistencia mediada por el gen cmv1 presente en melón y hemos obtenido la secuencia y los clones infectivos de la cepa M6. La tesis ha sido estructurada en tres capítulos.
En el primer capítulo analizamos la resistencia conferida por el gen cmv1 en 11 cepas de CMV del subgrupo I y II. Los resultados indicaron que cmv1 confería resistencia total a las cepas del subgrupo II pero no a las del subgrupo I. Mediante el uso de los clones infecciosos de las cepas CMV-LS (subgrupo II) y CMV-FNY (subgrupo I) hicimos combinaciones entre los RNAs de ambas cepas, pudiendo localizar el determinante de virulencia en el RNA3. Quimeras entre FNY y LS indicaron que el determinante de virulencia estaba en los 209 aminoácidos del extremo N-terminal de la proteína de movimiento (MP). Mediante mutagénesis dirigida identificamos una combinación de 4 posiciones específicas que confieren a LS la habilidad de sobrepasar la resistencia mediada por cmv1 cuando las sustituimos por los residuos correspondientes de la cepa FNY.
El segundo capítulo trata de la caracterización de la resistencia conferida por el gen cmv1. La cepa CMV-LS es capaz de replicarse y moverse célula a célula en la hoja inoculada de la línea resistente. No obstante, LS es incapaz de invadir el floema ya que no hemos podido detectar virus en el floema de la línea resistente. Mediante inmunomarcaje de CMV con oro coloidal hemos identificado el límite entre células de la vaina (BS) y parénquima vascular (VP) o células acompañantes (IC) como barrera que impide la infección sistémica en la línea portadora del gen cmv1. Con los resultados obtenidos hemos demostrado que la resistencia determinada por el gen cmv1 interrumpe la entrada del virus al sistema vascular, impidiendo así una infección sistémica.
En el tercer capítulo hemos obtenido la secuencia de la cepa CMV-M6 y generado clones moleculares capaces de infectar sistémicamente N. benthamiana y melón.<br>The exotic melon accession PI 161375 shows a complex mixture of qualitative and quantitative resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection, depending on the strain. Previously, the presence of a recessive gene (cmv1) in the linkage group XII conferring total resistance to a set of CMV strains was reported in our laboratory (Essafi et al., 2009). In this thesis we have extended the knowledge about the cmv1-mediated resistance present in melon and have obtained the sequence of the strain CMV-M6 and its infectious clones. This thesis is divided in three chapters.
In the first chapter, we have analysed the cmv1-mediated resistance in 11 strains of CMV from subgroup I and II and have established that cmv1 confers total resistance only to strains of subgroup II. Using infectious clones of strains CMV-LS (subgroup II) and CMV-FNY (subgroup I) we have made combinations between RNAs of both strains showing that the determinant of the virulence is located in RNA3. Chimaeras between CMV-FNY and CMV-LS showed that the determinant of virulence is in the N-terminal 209 amino acids of the movement protein (MP). By directed mutagenesis, we identified a combination of four specific positions that confer to LS the ability to overcome cmv1-mediated resistance when exchanged for the corresponding FNY residues.
In the second chapter, we have characterized the resistance mediated by cmv1. The strain CMV-LS is able to replicate and move cell to cell in the inoculated leaf of the resistant line. However, it is not able to invade the sieve elements since it has not been detected in the phloem of the resistant line. By immunogold labelling of CMV particles we have identified that the boundary between bundle sheath cells (BS) and vascular parenchyma (VP) or intermediary cells (IC) impedes the systemic infection in the resistant line. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the resistance determined by cmv1 involves interruption of the virus entry into the vascular system and therefore, inability to develop a systemic infection.
In the third chapter, we have obtained the sequence of CMV-M6 strain and generated infectious clones able to infect systemically N. benthamiana and melon.
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Ayub, Ricardo Antonio. "Manipulation génétique de la synthèse d'éthylène chez le melon (Cucumis melo, L. ) par expression d'un ADNc antisens codant pour l'ACC oxydase." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT003A.
Full textAbstract:
Les travaux presentes dans cette these ont permis d'obtenir des melons transgeniques (cucumis melo l. Type charentais, var. Vedrantais) exprimant un adnc codant pour l'acc oxydase et presentant une inhibition importante de la maturation tant sur pied qu'apres recolte. Il s'agit la du premier exemple de manipulation genetique d'un fruit autre que la tomate. Ce resultat a ete obtenu par transformation de cotyledons de melon via agrobacterium tumefasciens en utilisant une construction antisens de l'adnc de melon pmel1 (balague et al, 1993) et un gene de selection nptii codant pour la neomycine phosphotransferase. Les plantes regenerees en presence de kanamycine ont ete criblees pour la presence du transgene pmel1 par pcr et pour leur capacite a produire de l'ethylene de blessure a partir de jeunes feuilles. Les clones retenus a l'issu de ce criblage ont ete autofecondes et l'un d'entr'eux, b-17, a ete selectionne en raison d'une inhibition tres importante de la synthese d'ethylene. La descendance de ce clone presente une segregation mendelienne du transgene. L'analyse moleculaire par southern blot a permis de montrer que l'insertion comporte deux copies de l'adnc sur un meme locus. La presence du transgene entraine une reduction considerable de l'expression du gene endogene surtout dans le fruit, tant au niveau des arn que de la proteine. En consequence, la production d'ethylene est inhibee a plus de 95% dans les fruits transgeniques par rapport aux fruits temoins non transformes, ce qui se traduit par une tres forte inhibition du processus de maturation. Des observations preliminaires sur les caracteristiques physiologiques et organoleptiques des fruits transgeniques et sur leur aptitude a la conservation laissent esperer des retombees extremement prometteuses de ce travail, tant sur le plan fondamental qu'applique
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Tam, Ka-shing, and 譚家承. "Effects of bitter melon extracts on adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182037.
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LourenÃo, Isabel Peixoto. "Aminoethoxyvinylglycine on quality and maturation of cantaloupe melon in tropical conditions." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11130.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>O aumento do perÃodo de conservaÃÃo dos frutos climatÃricos ocorre pela inibiÃÃo da sÃntese ou da aÃÃo do etileno de forma a retardar o amadurecimento. Uma das formas de controle deste processo pode ser a aplicaÃÃo de reguladores vegetais como o aminoetoxivinilglicina (AVG), um inibidor da biossÃntese do etileno. O AVG evita a formaÃÃo autocatalÃtica do etileno, reduz a respiraÃÃo climatÃrica, a abscisÃo de frutos e aumenta a firmeza da polpa quando pulverizado nas Ãrvores frutÃferas em prÃ-colheita. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o efeito da aplicaÃÃo de AVG na maturaÃÃo e qualidade de frutos do meloeiro cantaloupe em condiÃÃes de casa de vegetaÃÃo e de campo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 3 x 5, com trÃs datas de aplicaÃÃo e cinco doses do princÃpio ativo para os dois experimentos, sendo utilizado duas repetiÃÃes, tendo oito plantas por repetiÃÃo no plantio em ambiente protegido e trÃs repetiÃÃes, formadas por cinco frutos em campo. As respostas em cada ambiente foram especÃficas sendo que em casa de vegetaÃÃo
o uso do AVG influencia na qualidade dos melÃes, quanto ao tamanho de fruto e cavidade interna; nÃo altera o teor de sÃlidos solÃveis, aÃÃcares totais e firmeza independentemente da dose e aplicaÃÃo do produto e influencia na maturaÃÃo dos frutos de meloeiro promovendo aumento na permanÃncia do fruto à planta quando pulverizados duas ou trÃs vezes, na dose de 270 mg. L-1. Em condiÃÃes de campo o AVG influencia na qualidade dos frutos do meloeiro, proporcionando frutos maiores com cavidade interna menor, maior teor de sÃlidos solÃveis e mais firmes e influencia na maturaÃÃo, promovendo maior permanÃncia dos frutos na planta. Portanto, o AVG influenciou na qualidade e na maturaÃÃo dos frutos de melÃo, sob ambas condiÃÃes de cultivo.<br>Increased retention of climacteric fruits occurs by inhibiting the synthesis or action of ethylene in order to delay ripening. One way to control this process may be the application of plant growth regulators such as aminoethoxivinilglicin (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis. AVG prevents the formation of autocatalytic ethylene reduces respiration climacteric fruit abscission and increases firmness when sprayed on fruit trees before the harvest. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of AVG on ripening and fruit quality of muskmelon cantaloupe in greenhouse and field. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 3 x 5, with three dates of application and five doses of the active ingredient for the two experiment, being used two replicates, with eight plants per replication at planting in a greenhouse and three replicates of five fruits formed in field. The responses were specific for each environment and in a greenhouse using AVG influences the quality of melons, as the fruit size and internal cavity; does not change the content of soluble solids, total sugars and firmness regardless of dose and application of the product and influences the maturation of melon fruits for increasing the permanence the fruit to the plant when sprayed two or three times at a dose of 270 mg. L-1. Under field conditions the AVG influences the quality of the melon fruit, providing larger fruits with internal cavity smaller, higher soluble solids content and firmness and influences the maturation promoting greater permanence of fruit on the plant. Therefore, AVG influenced the quality and maturity of melon fruits under both culture conditions.