Academic literature on the topic 'Melon irrigation'

Two systems of relay-intercropping muskmelons (Cucumis melo L.) with Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Christmas trees using black plastic mulch and drip irrigation were evaluated for their potential to improve cash return. Returns ranged from a high of $26,200/ha for plastic mulch-drip irrigation and a selling price of $l.00/melon to a low of $6900/ha for bare ground-drip irrigation and a selling price of $0.40/melon. The benefit-cost index ranged from 24 to 3.4, depending on the system evaluated. Pine growth apparently was impeded by plastic mulch; however, increased yields of melons grown under plastic mulch may offset the slight decrease in pine growth.

Post tin mining tailings land in Bangka Belitung Islands Province has an area of around 400 000 ha. In terms of area, the land has the potential to be used as cultivated land, one of which is melon. The aims of the study is to see the effect of cow manure fertilizer and drip irrigation water volume on melon plants growth in post tin mining tailings area. This research was conducted from June to August 2018 in the tailings area of Dewi Makmur Village, Merawang District, Bangka Regency. This experimental used a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial method. The first factor was cow manure with three levels (K1 = 2.5 kg/planting hole; K2 = 5 kg / planting hole; K3 = 7.5 kg / planting hole) and the second factor was drip irrigation volume (A1 = 800 ml; A2 = 1 500 ml). The results showed that giving cow manure and water irrigatian has no significant effect on melon plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves, but the treatment 7.5 kg of cow manure and 1 500 ml water gave results that tended to be better.

ABSTRACT The netted melon requires special growing conditions, including a protected environment, an adequate staking system and proper water and nutrient management. This study aimed to assess the effect of irrigation levels and silicon doses on the yield and quality of Sunrise hybrid melons, in a greenhouse. A randomized block design was used, with a 5 x 3 factorial scheme and four replications. The first factor consisted of five silicon doses (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1) and the second of three irrigation levels (40 %, 70 % and 100 % of the ETc). The results demonstrated that the applied irrigation levels and silicon doses have no influence on the yield traits of melon plants. The irrigation level corresponding to 100 % of the ETc promotes higher values for soluble solids (9.86 ºBrix) and maturation index (114.9) on fruits. The increase of silicon doses up to 200 kg ha-1 also increases the maturation index in the treatment with the greatest irrigation level and reduces this index at the shallowest level applied.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the water consumption and the crop coefficient of melon in a protected environment. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Technical Center of Irrigation of the State University of Maringá, in Maringá, PR. The melon hybrid used was Sunrise and the irrigations were performed daily by drip irrigation. Crop water requirement was quantified based on its evapotranspiration directly measured through constant water table lysimeters. Weather information was collected in an automatic weather station, installed inside the protected environment, which allowed to calculate the reference evapotranspiration by the Penman-Monteith method. The total water consumption of the melon crop was 295 mm, reaching maximum crop evapotranspiration of 5.16 mm d-1. The phenological stages were shorter in the initial, growth and intermediate phases, compared with the data from FAO. The determined crop coefficients were 0.87, 1.15 and 0.64 for the initial, intermediate and final stages, respectively

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Determination of the appropriate volume of irrigation is needed in hydroponic systems. The easy and rapid method for determination of volume irrigation should be developed. The research was conducted to determine irrigation volume based on evaporation and to study their effect on melon growth and yield in hydroponic system. The irrigation water volume was determined based on evaporation (E) of the 30 cm diameter pan placed over the crop canopy, and melon (Cucumis melo L.) plant was subjected to four irrigation water levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 E) in combination with three periods of irrigation based on plant growth phase ( planting to harvesting; planting to flowering, and flowering to harvesting). At three weeks after planting, irrigation volume of 1.5 E increased plant height as much as 54% compared with irrigation volume of 0.5 E; irrigation volume of 2.0 E increased leaf number as much as 47% compared with irrigation volume of 0.5 E. Melon yield was 2.173 kg per plant by irrigation volume of 2.0 E applied during planting to flowering, increased of 98% compared with irrigation volume of 0.5 E, but it was not significant different with irrigation volume of 1.5 E applied during flowering to harvesting. It is concluded that irrigation volume for hydroponically-grown melon was as much as 1.0 time of evaporation during vegetative phase and 1.5 times of evaporation during generative phase.</p><p>Keywords: evaporation, sand media, flower number, fruit diameter, fruit weight</p><p> </p>

Multistate and international foodborne illness outbreaks, particularly involving cantaloupe and often involving rare Salmonella spp., have increased dramatically over the past 13 years. This study assessed the sources and extent of melon rind contamination in production fields and at processing and packing facilities. In the spring of 1999, cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. [reticulatus group] cv. Cruiser) sampled from two sites in the Rio Grande River Valley showed that postharvest-processed melon rinds often had greater plate counts of bacterial contaminants than field-fresh melons. Cantaloupe in the field had 2.5 to 3.5 log CFU g−1 rind total coliforms by aerobic plate counts, whereas washed melons had 4.0 to 5.0 log CFU g−1. In the fall of 1999, coliforms on honeydew melons (C. melo [inodorous group] cv. Honey Brew) ranged from 2.6 to 3.7 log CFU g−1 after processing, and total and fecal coliforms and enterococci never fell below 2.5 log CFU g−1. A hydrocooler at another site contaminated cantaloupe rinds with up to 3.4 log CFU g−1 total and fecal enterococci; a secondary rinse with chlorinated water incompletely removed these bacteria. Sources of coliforms and enterococci were at high levels in melon production soils, especially in furrows that were flood irrigated, in standing water at one field, and in irrigation water at both sites. At one processing facility, wash water pumped from the Rio Grande River may not have been sufficiently disinfected prior to use. Because soil, irrigation water, and process water were potential sources of bacterial contamination, monitoring and management on-farm and at processing and packing facilities should focus on water quality as an important control point for growers and packers to reduce bacterial contamination on melon rinds.

Hydroponic cultivation of melon plants with a fertigation system using ground water is one of the cultivation technologies that is expected to improve the quality and production of crops. Fertigation technology (fertilizer and irrigation) using autopot is an irrigation system allow to provide irrigation water by self-watering system by not using electric power so that the fertigation system is more efficient. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the impact of groundwater quality on the quality of melon (Cucumis melo L.) plants. The research method used is descriptive method. The quality parameters of the melon used in this study were water content, carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash, vitamin C and sweetness (% brix). The results of research on ground water quality show that the quality of ground water used is included in the category of non-polluted, which means that the water has good quality. The results showed the quality of melon has an average value of 95.19% fruit water content, 1.99% carbohydrate content, 1.37% protein content, 0.88% fat content, 0.57% ash content, vitamin C 6 , 91%, and total dissolved solids (sweetness) 9.4 0brix. The quality of the melon is classified as low quality according to SNI 7883-2013. The results of the ground water quality and the quality of the melon shows if the ground water affects the quality of the melon plants.

The effects of boron and effluent (treated sewage water) on vegetative growth, fruit yield, and boron uptake of grafted and nongrafted melons (Cucumis melo L. cv. Arava) were studied. Nongrafted melon plants and melon plants grafted onto the commercial Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne rootstock ‘TZ-148’ were grown in pots filled with perlite in a heated greenhouse and were irrigated with fresh water or effluent. The two irrigation waters contained boron in five concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10.4 mg·L−1. The boron concentration in the plants increased linearly with that in the irrigation water. The highest boron concentrations were found in old leaves, the lowest in the fruit, and intermediate concentrations were noted in the roots. The boron concentrations were, in general, significantly lower in grafted than nongrafted plants, possibly because the root system of the former had higher selectivity and lower boron absorption than that of the latter. Fruit yield and dry weight accumulation in shoots and roots decreased linearly as the boron concentration in the irrigation water increased, the nongrafted plants were more sensitive than grafted ones to the boron level, and both were more sensitive under fresh water irrigation than under effluent irrigation. It is suggested that the higher boron sensitivity of the root systems of the nongrafted plants probably decreased their capability to absorb water and nutrients, which in turn sharply reduced their fruit yields.

Plastic mulch ground cover and drip irrigation have produced substantial increases in yield and earliness of melons. However, such practices affect water movement, and nutrient and salt distribution in the soil. Salt levels in the soil after a melon crop using drip or flood irrigation increased in bare soil but decreased where plastic mulch had been used. Apparently capillary rise of water in response to surface evaporation brought salts up into the root zone. Very little of the applied N was detectable at the end of the study. However, enhanced early vine growth due to N application where drip irrigated but not where flood irrigated indicated that flood irrigation may have caused earlier N losses. Yield responses to N regardless of irrigation method indicated that early availability may have been most important. Yield increases were found for drip vs flood irrigation, and for plastic mulch vs bare soil, both of which may have been earliness effects; but the later treatments did not get the chance to catch up due to the occurrence of vine decline.

ABSTRACT The use of saline water for irrigation causes severe restriction to nutritional balance, growth and production in many crops due to the effect of salts on plant and soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars to various levels of irrigation water salinity on yield and fruit quality. A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot randomized block design with four replicates. The factors were five levels of irrigation water salinity (0.54, 1.48, 2.02, 3.03 and 3.90 dS m-1) in the plots and five melon cultivars (C1 - Sancho - Pele de sapo; C2 - Medellín - Pele de sapo; C3 - Mandacaru - Canary; C4 - Néctar - Galia; C5 - Sedna - Cantaloupe) in the sub-plots. According to the results, among the five genotypes studied, Sancho was the most salt-tolerant genotype, followed by Mandacaru, Medellín, Sedna and Néctar. Since irrigation water salinity did not influence the mean fruit weight, the reduction in the number of fruits was the main cause of yield reduction of the melon crop under high salinity water. The contents of total soluble solids increased under high salinity level.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Salt excess in the soil solution is a serious problem in agriculture, caused mainly by irrigation water, causing soil salinization. These salts, when absorbed affects the growth of plants because of the osmotic effect, reducing the absorption of water in the soil. In order to mitigate the deleterious effects of these salts in plants, several strategies have been developed in order to make plants most tolerant to salt stress. A recent innovation in plant cultivation system is the enrichment of irrigation water with carbon dioxide (carbonation), influencing the commercial crop yield and making them more tolerant to stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the application of CO2 in irrigation water of melon plants increases the tolerance of the same to salt stress. The experiment was conducted in Pacajus Experimental Field of Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry. The treatments were arranged in a factorial 5 x 3 with four replications, referring to salt solutions at electrical conductivities of (ECw) (0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1) and three treatments with CO2: no CO2 (SC), five applications of CO2 (since flowering until the beginning ripening of fruits) (C1) and two applications of CO2 (since fruit set until the ripening of fruits) (C2). The CO2 was used as a gas injected weekly directly in the irrigation system. The electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract and CO2 content in the irrigation water were measured at the end of the experiment. The measurement of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration occurred throughout plant development. Were also evaluated leaf area, dry weight of leaves and stem + branches, levels of Na+, Cl-, K+ and carbohydrates in the leaves and stems + branches, the number of fruits, productivity, weight, lengths and diameters of the fruit, pulp thickness, total soluble solids and citric acid content. Leaf concentrations of Na+, Cl- and K+ in the leaf and stem + branches were influenced by salinity, with interaction salinity x CO2. For the growth variables: leaf area, dry matter of leaves and stem + branches, there was a significant difference only for the salinity levels. All variables of gas exchange were influenced by salinity, while the stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis were significantly influenced by the application of CO2. The carbohydrate in stem + branches were influenced by the application of CO2. Irrigation with saline water caused a reduction in productivity, number of fruits, lengths of commercial and total fruits. These variables were not influenced by the application of CO2. It is concluded that salinity affected the growth, development and production of melon plants, while the application of CO2 did not minimize the deleterious effect of salts in plants.
Um dos grandes problemas enfrentados pela agricultura à o excesso de sais dissolvidos na soluÃÃo do solo, carreados principalmente pela Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo, causando a salinizaÃÃo do solo. Esses sais, ao serem absorvidos, afetam o crescimento das plantas devido ao efeito osmÃtico, dificultando a absorÃÃo de Ãgua no solo. A fim de amenizar os efeitos deletÃrios desses sais nas plantas, vÃrias estratÃgias vÃm sendo desenvolvidas visando tornar as plantas mais tolerantes ao estresse salino. Uma inovaÃÃo recente no sistema de cultivo de plantas à o enriquecimento da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo com o diÃxido de carbono (carbonataÃÃo), influenciando a produtividade comercial da cultura e tornando-a mais tolerante a estresses. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar se a aplicaÃÃo de CO2 na Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo de plantas de meloeiro aumenta a tolerÃncia das mesmas ao estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Pacajus da Embrapa AgroindÃstria Tropical. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 5 x 3 com quatro repetiÃÃes, referentes Ãs soluÃÃes salinas com condutividades elÃtricas de (CEa) (0,5; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1) e trÃs tratamentos de CO2: ausÃncia de CO2 (SC), cinco aplicaÃÃes de CO2 (inÃcio do florescimento atà a maturaÃÃo dos frutos) (C1) e duas aplicaÃÃes de CO2 (apÃs a frutificaÃÃo atà a maturaÃÃo dos frutos) (C2). O CO2 foi aplicado na forma de gÃs, injetado semanalmente diretamente no sistema de irrigaÃÃo. A condutividade elÃtrica do extrato de saturaÃÃo do solo e o teor de CO2 na Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo foram mensurados ao final do experimento. As mediÃÃes de fotossÃntese, transpiraÃÃo e condutÃncia estomÃtica ocorreram ao longo do desenvolvimento das plantas. Foram avaliadas ainda a Ãrea foliar, as massas secas das folhas e do caule + ramos, os teores de Na+, Cl-, K+ e os carboidratos nas folhas e nos caules + ramos, o nÃmero de frutos, a produtividade de frutos, o peso, os comprimentos e diÃmetros dos frutos, espessura da polpa, sÃlidos solÃveis totais e teor de Ãcido cÃtrico. Os teores de Na+, Cl- e k+ na folha e caule + ramos foram influenciados pela salinidade, havendo interaÃÃo salinidade x CO2. Para as variÃveis de crescimento: Ãrea foliar, matÃria seca das folhas e caule +ramos, houve diferenÃa significativa apenas para os nÃveis de salinidade. Todas as variÃveis de trocas gasosas foram influenciadas pela salinidade, enquanto que a condutÃncia estomÃtica e a fotossÃntese liquida foram significativamente influenciadas pela aplicaÃÃo de CO2. Os teores de carboidratos no caule + ramos foram influenciados pela aplicaÃÃo de CO2. A irrigaÃÃo com Ãgua salina provocou reduÃÃo na produtividade, nÃmero de frutos, comprimentos dos frutos comercias e mÃdios. Essas variÃveis nÃo foram influenciadas pela aplicaÃÃo de CO2. Em funÃÃo do exposto, conclui-se que a salinidade afetou o crescimento, desenvolvimento e produÃÃo das plantas de meloeiro, enquanto a aplicaÃÃo do CO2 nÃo minimizou o efeito deletÃrio dos sais nas plantas.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O aumento da população mundial, aliado à atividade humana e ao fenômeno da urbanização, torna necessário uma disposição eficiente e ambientalmente segura das águas residuárias (esgotos). Deve-se ressaltar que os resíduos orgânicos presentes nestas águas são fontes riquíssimas de matéria orgânica e nutrientes minerais, elementos necessários à produção das culturas. O uso de esgotos tratados, principalmente de origem doméstica na irrigação de culturas, tem sido praticado em muitos países há muitos séculos. Nos países em desenvolvimento ou em processo de industrialização acelerada existe atualmente uma grande necessidade do desenvolvimento de métodos para atender à crescente demanda de água, particularmente para irrigação, e de proteger os mananciais existentes contra a poluição. Conforme esta demanda cresce, o tratamento e uso de águas residuárias vai se tornando mais importante. Em quase todos os países do Oriente Médio grandes projetos de reuso foram e continuam a ser implantados para atender a irrigação e reservar os limitados mananciais existentes para o abastecimento de água potável. Há um enorme potencial de reuso de águas residuárias na agricultura, entretanto, este uso requer estudos que orientem sua aplicação. É fundamental que se inicie o desenvolvimento de padrões e códigos de uso, visando uma atividade sustentada, ecologicamente compatível e isenta de riscos à saúde pública dos grupos de risco envolvidos. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo avaliar o uso do esgoto doméstico tratado na irrigação de melão. Foram testadas duas formas de aplicação da água de irrigação: esgoto doméstico tratado e uma fonte de água limpa, com três sistemas de irrigação (gotejamento superficial, gotejamento enterrado e sulco). Foram avaliados o desempenho agronômico e o grau de contaminação do produto agrícola...
The increase of the world population, ally to the human activity and the phenomenon of the urbanization, turns necessary an efficient disposition of wastewater (sewers). It should be emphasized that the present organic residues in wastewaters are rich sources of organic matter and nutrients minerals, necessary elements to the production of the crops. The use of treated sewers, mainly of domestic origin in the irrigation of crops, it has been practiced in many countries from many centuries. In the developing countries exists a great need of the development of methods to assist to crescent demand of water, particularly for irrigation, and of protecting the existent springs against the pollution. As this demand grows, the treatment and use of wastewater goes if turning more important. In almost all of the countries of Middle East projects have been implanted to assist the irrigation and to reserve the limited existent springs for the drinkable water supply. There is an enormous potential of wastewater use in the agriculture, however, this use requests studies to guide its application. It is fundamental that it begins the development of patterns and use codes, seeking a sustained activity, ecologically compatible and it exempts from risks to the public health of the risk groups involved. This dissertation had as objective evaluate the use of domestic wastewater in the melon irrigation. Two water qualities were evaluated: domestic wastewater and a source of clean water, with three irrigation systems (surface drip, subsurface drip and furrow). They were appraised the agronomic acting and the degree of contamination of the agricultural product, for each combination of quality of the water and adopted overhead irrigation. The results showed us that the irrigation systems didn't differ considering the melon yield. The use of wastewater didn't bring benefits for the increase of the productivity... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Universidade Federal do CearÃ
O melÃo à a principal olerÃcola exportada pelo estado do CearÃ, sendo uma importante geradora de renda e empregos para a regiÃo. Em contrapartida, os produtores cearenses, alÃm de nÃo receberem muitos incentivos governamentais, enfrentam uma concorrÃncia desleal de produtores internacionais, principalmente espanhÃis e turcos, jà que estes receberem altos subsÃdios, financeiros e fiscais, por parte de seus governos. Por conseguinte, os produtores locais necessitam de ferramentas que possam melhorar a eficiÃncia de uso dos insumos produtivos, e com isso aumentar sua competitividade. Diante do exposto, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos de diferentes frequÃncias de irrigaÃÃo e de fertirrigaÃÃo com nitrogÃnio e fÃsforo sobre caracterÃsticas fÃsicas e de produÃÃo do melÃo amarelo. O experimento foi conduzido no sÃtio Paraguai, municÃpio de Cruz, Cearà (02Â54â24,55ââ S, 40Â24â20,51ââW, 19 m) no perÃodo de 10 de outubro a 15 de dezembro de 2010. A cultura utilizada foi a do melÃo, hÃbrido Canarian Kobayashi. O sistema de irrigaÃÃo do experimento foi do tipo localizado por gotejamento, com mangueiras gotejadoras que apresentava emissores integrados espaÃados em 0,40 m entre si. No experimento I foram avaliadas seis frequÃncias de irrigaÃÃo: diÃria (50% de manhà e 50% de tarde - 1DMT); diÃria (100% pela manhà -1DM); diÃria (100% de tarde - 1DT); a cada dois dias pela manhà (2DM); a cada trÃs dias pela manhà (3DM) e a cada quatro dias pela manhà (4DM). No experimento II foram avaliadas seis frequÃncias de fertirrigaÃÃo com nitrogÃnio: duas (2F); quatro (4F); oito (8F); dezesseis (16F); trinta e duas (32F) e sessenta e quatro (64F) fertirrigaÃÃes durante o ciclo da cultura. No experimento III foram avaliadas seis frequÃncias de fertirrigaÃÃo com fÃsforo: duas (2F); quatro (4F); oito (8F); dezesseis (16F); trinta e duas (32F) e sessenta e quatro (64F) fertirrigaÃÃes durante o ciclo da cultura. Foi empregado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro repetiÃÃes. Realizou-se tambÃm uma anÃlise econÃmica simplificada para todos os trÃs experimentos. No experimento com as frequÃncias de irrigaÃÃo, as variÃveis massa dos frutos, produtividade comercial, diÃmetro polar, diÃmetro equatorial e espessura da polpa sofreram influÃncia das frequÃncias de irrigaÃÃo. Realizando um estudo somente com os perÃodos de irrigaÃÃo, constatou-se que as variÃveis massa dos frutos, produtividade comercial, diÃmetro polar, diÃmetro equatorial, espessura da polpa e espessura da casca sofreram influÃncia dos tratamentos, e os tratamentos 1DM, 1DT, 1DMT, 2DM apresentaram receita lÃquida positiva. No experimento com frequÃncias de fertirrigaÃÃo com nitrogÃnio, as variÃveis produtividade comercial, diÃmetro polar, diÃmetro equatorial, teor de sÃlidos solÃveis totais, espessura da polpa e firmeza da polpa sofreram influÃncia dos tratamentos, e somente os tratamentos 32F e 64F apresentaram receita lÃquida positiva. No experimento com as frequÃncias de fertirrigaÃÃo com fÃsforo, nenhuma variÃvel analisada sofreu influÃncia dos tratamentos, e todos eles apresentaram receita lÃquida positiva. De acordo com os resultados, conclui-se que a frequÃncia de irrigaÃÃo diÃria foi a que apresentou os melhores resultados. Na fertirrigaÃÃo com nitrogÃnio, o tratamento 64F foi o mais adequado, e a frequÃncia de fertirrigaÃÃo com fÃsforo pode ser realizada de acordo com a disponibilidade do produtor.
The melon is the main vegetable crop exported by the Brazilian state of CearÃ, and also an important income (and job) generator for the reg ion. On the other hand, the Cearà melon producers, not only lack government incentives, they also face unfair competition from international producers, mainly Spanish and Turkish, which receive (from their respective governments) large financial and tax i ncentives. Therefore, local producers need information on tools (or techniques) to promote the efficient use of production inputs, increasing their competitiveness. A good example of this class of demanded information is information on how to improve irrigation management and fertigation. Considering this, our study was aimed at evaluating the effects of different irrigation frequencies and the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertigation on the physical and production characteristics of yellow melon. The experiment was conducted at the Paraguay farm, at the Cruz municipality, Cearà (02  54'24, 55'' S, 40  24'20, 51'' W, 19 m), from October 10th to December 15th, 2010. The culture used in the experiments was the hybrid Canarian Kobayashi melon. The ir rigation system used in the experiment was of the localized, drip irrigator type, with drip hoses presenting integrated emitters spaced 0.40 m apart. On experiment I , six irrigation frequencies were evaluated: daily (50% in the morning and 50% on the afternoon â 1DMA), daily (100% on the morning - 1DM), daily (100% on the afternoon â 1DA), every two days by morning (2DM), every three days in the morning (3DM) and every four days in the morning (4DM). On experiment II, six nitrogen fertigation frequenci es were evaluated: two (2F), four (4F), eight (8F); sixteen (16F): thirty - two (32F) and sixty - four (64F) fertigations during the culture cycle. On experiment III, six phosphorus fertigation frequencies were evaluated: two (2F), four (4F), eight (8F); sixt een (16F): thirty - two (32F) and sixty - four (64F) fertigations during the culture cycle. Delineation was randomized block design with four replications. A simplified economic analysis was also performed, for all three experiments. In the experiment with irr igation frequencies, the variables fruit weight, marketable yield, polar diameter, equatorial diameter and pulp thickness were influenced by the irrigation frequency. Conducting a study with only the irrigation periods, it was found that the variables aver age fruit weight, marketable yield, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, pulp thickness and peel thickness were influenced by treatments, and only those who had daily irrigation recorded net positive revenue. In the experiment with nitrogen fertigation fr equencies, the variables marketable yield, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, total soluble solids, pulp thickness and firmness were influenced by treatments, and only the 32F and 64F treatments had positive net income. In the experiment with the phosph orus fertigation frequencies, no analyzed variable was influenced by the treatments, and they all had net positive income. According to the results, it is concluded that the phosphorus fertigation frequency may be carried out according to its availability to the producer. As to the case of the nitrogen fertigation, the 64F treatment was the most appropriate, and the daily irrigation frequency showed the best results.

Total soluble solids (TSS) is a reliable indicator of melon eating quality, with a minimum standard of 10% recommended. The state of Australian melon production with respect to this quality criterion was considered within seasons, between growing districts and over seasons. It was concluded that improvement in agronomic practice and varietal selection is required to produce sweeter melons. The scientific literature addressing melon physiology and agronomy was summarised, as a background to the work that is required to improve melon production practices in Australia. The effect of source sink manipulation was assessed for commercially grown and glasshouse grown melon plants. The timing of fruit thinning, pollination scheduling, the application of a growth inhibitor and source biomass removal were assessed in relation to fruit growth and sugar accumulation. Results are interpreted against a model in which fruit rapidly increase in weight until about two weeks before harvest, with sugar accumulation continuing as fruit growth ceases. Thus treatment response is very dependant on timing of application. For example, fruit thinning at 25 days before harvest resulted in further fruit set and increased fruit weight but did not impact on fruit TSS (at 9.8%, control 9.3%), while thinning at 5 days before harvest resulted in a significant (Pless than 0.05) increase in fruit TSS (to 10.8%, control 9.3%) and no increase in fruit weight or number. A cost/ benefit analysis is presented, allowing an estimation of the increase in sale price required to sustain the implementation of fruit thinning. The effect of irrigation scheduling was also considered with respect to increasing melon yield and quality. To date, recommended practice has been to cause an irrigation deficit close to fruit harvest, with the intent of 'drying out' or 'stressing' the plant, to 'bring on' maturity and increase sugar accumulation. Irrigation trials showed that keeping plants stress-free close to harvest and during harvest, facilitated the production of sweeter fruit. The maintenance of a TSS grade standard using either batch based (destructive) sampling or (non-invasive) grading of individual fruit is discussed. On-line grading of individual fruit is possible using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR), but the applicability of the technique to melons has received little published attention. Tissue sampling strategy was optimised, in relation to the optical geometry used (in commercial operation in Australia), both in terms of the diameter and depth of sampled tissue. NIR calibration model performance was superior when based on the TSS of outer, rather than inner mesocarp tissue. However the linear relationship between outer and middle tissue TSS was strong (r2 = 0.8) in immature fruit, though less related in maturing fruit (r2 = 0.5). The effect of fruit storage (maturation/senescence) on calibration model performance was assessed. There was a negligible effect of fruit cold storage on calibration performance. Currently, the agronomist lacks a cost-effective tool to rapidly assess fruit TSS in the field. Design parameters for such a tool were established, and several optical front ends compared for rapid, though invasive, analysis. Further, for visualisation of the spatial distribution of tissue TSS within a melon fruit, a two-dimensional, or hyper-spectral NIR imaging system based on a low cost 8-bit charge coupled device (CCD) camera and filter arrangement, was designed and characterised.

Orientador: João Carlos Cury Saad
Banca: Raimundo Leite Cruz
Banca: Jarbas Honório de Miranda
Resumo: O aumento da população mundial, aliado à atividade humana e ao fenômeno da urbanização, torna necessário uma disposição eficiente e ambientalmente segura das águas residuárias (esgotos). Deve-se ressaltar que os resíduos orgânicos presentes nestas águas são fontes riquíssimas de matéria orgânica e nutrientes minerais, elementos necessários à produção das culturas. O uso de esgotos tratados, principalmente de origem doméstica na irrigação de culturas, tem sido praticado em muitos países há muitos séculos. Nos países em desenvolvimento ou em processo de industrialização acelerada existe atualmente uma grande necessidade do desenvolvimento de métodos para atender à crescente demanda de água, particularmente para irrigação, e de proteger os mananciais existentes contra a poluição. Conforme esta demanda cresce, o tratamento e uso de águas residuárias vai se tornando mais importante. Em quase todos os países do Oriente Médio grandes projetos de reuso foram e continuam a ser implantados para atender a irrigação e reservar os limitados mananciais existentes para o abastecimento de água potável. Há um enorme potencial de reuso de águas residuárias na agricultura, entretanto, este uso requer estudos que orientem sua aplicação. É fundamental que se inicie o desenvolvimento de padrões e códigos de uso, visando uma atividade sustentada, ecologicamente compatível e isenta de riscos à saúde pública dos grupos de risco envolvidos. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo avaliar o uso do esgoto doméstico tratado na irrigação de melão. Foram testadas duas formas de aplicação da água de irrigação: esgoto doméstico tratado e uma fonte de água limpa, com três sistemas de irrigação (gotejamento superficial, gotejamento enterrado e sulco). Foram avaliados o desempenho agronômico e o grau de contaminação do produto agrícola... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The increase of the world population, ally to the human activity and the phenomenon of the urbanization, turns necessary an efficient disposition of wastewater (sewers). It should be emphasized that the present organic residues in wastewaters are rich sources of organic matter and nutrients minerals, necessary elements to the production of the crops. The use of treated sewers, mainly of domestic origin in the irrigation of crops, it has been practiced in many countries from many centuries. In the developing countries exists a great need of the development of methods to assist to crescent demand of water, particularly for irrigation, and of protecting the existent springs against the pollution. As this demand grows, the treatment and use of wastewater goes if turning more important. In almost all of the countries of Middle East projects have been implanted to assist the irrigation and to reserve the limited existent springs for the drinkable water supply. There is an enormous potential of wastewater use in the agriculture, however, this use requests studies to guide its application. It is fundamental that it begins the development of patterns and use codes, seeking a sustained activity, ecologically compatible and it exempts from risks to the public health of the risk groups involved. This dissertation had as objective evaluate the use of domestic wastewater in the melon irrigation. Two water qualities were evaluated: domestic wastewater and a source of clean water, with three irrigation systems (surface drip, subsurface drip and furrow). They were appraised the agronomic acting and the degree of contamination of the agricultural product, for each combination of quality of the water and adopted overhead irrigation. The results showed us that the irrigation systems didn't differ considering the melon yield. The use of wastewater didn't bring benefits for the increase of the productivity... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
O melÃo representa a maior parte das exportaÃÃes de frutas frescas produzidas no Brasil, sendo cultivado em larga escala nos estados do Rio Grande do Norte e CearÃ. Todo o cultivo comercial desta curcubitÃcea nestas duas regiÃes à realizado sob condiÃÃes de irrigaÃÃo. Assim, medidas de uso eficiente da Ãgua tornam-se essenciais para esta cultura. A melhoria na eficiÃncia do uso da Ãgua irà depender principalmente de um manejo que entregue à planta somente a quantidade de Ãgua necessÃria para o seu pleno desenvolvimento. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o crescimento das plantas, o estado hÃdrico, as trocas gasosas e a produÃÃo do meloeiro amarelo cultivado sob diferentes lÃminas de irrigaÃÃo. Para tanto, conduziram-se dois experimentos no Campo Experimental do Curu, no municÃpio de Paraipaba, CE, utilizando hÃbrido Gold Mine, com espaÃamento de 2,0 m x 0,4 m e irrigado por gotejamento. O primeiro experimento consistiu na avaliaÃÃo semanal do crescimento das plantas em resposta à aplicaÃÃo de trÃs diferentes lÃminas diÃrias de irrigaÃÃo: 100% 80% e 120% (T1, T2 e T3 respectivamente) da lÃmina calculada. No segundo experimento, alÃm dos tratamentos citados anteriormente, foi inserido outro fator: turno de rega de 24 e 48 horas, com quatro repetiÃÃes por tratamento. Neste, se avaliou as trocas gasosas, o potencial hÃdrico, os teores de carboidratos nas diversas partes das plantas e a produÃÃo e qualidade dos frutos. Em todos os tratamentos, as plantas apresentaram o menor potencial hÃdrico diÃrio no perÃodo de 12h00min Ãs 14h00min. Apesar de a condutÃncia estomÃtica decrescer ao longo do dia, a mesma se mantinha em valores suficientes para permitir uma taxa fotossintÃtica praticamente constante, com leve reduÃÃo apÃs o meio dia e decrÃscimo acentuado somente apÃs as 16h00min. Por sua vez, com exceÃÃo da transpiraÃÃo, que foi mais alta nas plantas irrigadas a cada 48 horas, o turno de rega e as lÃminas hÃdricas aplicadas nÃo influenciaram as trocas gasosas das plantas. Da mesma forma, a produÃÃo, o tamanho e a qualidade dos frutos de meloeiro praticamente nÃo foram influenciados pelos tratamentos aplicados. Assim, nas condiÃÃes experimentais utilizadas, o acrÃscimo ou diminuiÃÃo de 20% da lÃmina de Ãgua calculada recomendada para o melÃo na regiÃo, nÃo influenciou o desenvolvimento das plantas, nem tampouco a produÃÃo. Apenas a quantidade de sÃlidos solÃveis totais (ÂBrix) foi influenciada positivamente pelo o acrÃscimo de 20% da lÃmina calculada, quando aplicada diariamente.
The melon is the most exports of fresh fruit produced in Brazil, especially being produced in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and CearÃ. All this curcubitaceae commercial orchard in the two regions is performed under irrigated conditions. Thus, measures of efficient use of water become essential for this crop. The improvement in efficiency of water use will depend primarily on a management plan that deliver only the amount of water necessary for their full development. The study aimed to evaluate plant growth, water status, gas exchange and yield of yellow melon grown under different irrigation levels. Therefore, two experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Curu, Paraipaba, CE, using hybrid Gold Mine, with spacing of 2.0 m x 0.4 m, under drip irrigation. The first experiment consisted of weekly evaluation of plant growth in response to applying three different irrigation water levels: 100% 80% and 120% (T1, T2 and T3 respectively) of calculated levels. In the second experiment, in addition to the treatments mentioned above, was inserted another factor: the irrigation schedule of 24 to 48 hours, with four replicates. In this it, was evaluated gas exchange, water potential, the carbohydrate in different parts of the plant, yield and fruit quality. In all treatments the plants showed the lowest water potential daily between 12:00 to 2:00pm. Although stomatal conductance decreases during the day curse, it remained in amounts sufficient for photosynthetic rate nearly constant, with a slight reduction after noon and marked decrease only after 4:00pm. In turn, with the exception of transpiration, which was higher in plants irrigated every 48 hours, the irrigation water levels and the irrigation schedule did not affect gas exchange of plants. Likewise, the production, the size and quality of melon fruits were practically not influenced by treatments. Thus, under the experimental conditions used, the increase or decrease of 20% of irrigation water level calculated and recommended to the melon in the region, did not affect plant development, nor the production. Only the amount of total soluble solids was positively influenced by the addition of 20% of the water levels calculated, when applied daily

SILVEIRA, Enio Marques de Castro. Fisiologia de plantas de meloeiro cultivadas sob diferentes níveis de irrigação. 2013. 56 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2013.
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The melon is the most exports of fresh fruit produced in Brazil, especially being produced in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. All this curcubitaceae commercial orchard in the two regions is performed under irrigated conditions. Thus, measures of efficient use of water become essential for this crop. The improvement in efficiency of water use will depend primarily on a management plan that deliver only the amount of water necessary for their full development. The study aimed to evaluate plant growth, water status, gas exchange and yield of yellow melon grown under different irrigation levels. Therefore, two experiments were conducted in the experimental field of Curu, Paraipaba, CE, using hybrid Gold Mine, with spacing of 2.0 m x 0.4 m, under drip irrigation. The first experiment consisted of weekly evaluation of plant growth in response to applying three different irrigation water levels: 100% 80% and 120% (T1, T2 and T3 respectively) of calculated levels. In the second experiment, in addition to the treatments mentioned above, was inserted another factor: the irrigation schedule of 24 to 48 hours, with four replicates. In this it, was evaluated gas exchange, water potential, the carbohydrate in different parts of the plant, yield and fruit quality. In all treatments the plants showed the lowest water potential daily between 12:00 to 2:00pm. Although stomatal conductance decreases during the day curse, it remained in amounts sufficient for photosynthetic rate nearly constant, with a slight reduction after noon and marked decrease only after 4:00pm. In turn, with the exception of transpiration, which was higher in plants irrigated every 48 hours, the irrigation water levels and the irrigation schedule did not affect gas exchange of plants. Likewise, the production, the size and quality of melon fruits were practically not influenced by treatments. Thus, under the experimental conditions used, the increase or decrease of 20% of irrigation water level calculated and recommended to the melon in the region, did not affect plant development, nor the production. Only the amount of total soluble solids was positively influenced by the addition of 20% of the water levels calculated, when applied daily.
O melão representa a maior parte das exportações de frutas frescas produzidas no Brasil, sendo cultivado em larga escala nos estados do Rio Grande do Norte e Ceará. Todo o cultivo comercial desta curcubitácea nestas duas regiões é realizado sob condições de irrigação. Assim, medidas de uso eficiente da água tornam-se essenciais para esta cultura. A melhoria na eficiência do uso da água irá depender principalmente de um manejo que entregue à planta somente a quantidade de água necessária para o seu pleno desenvolvimento. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o crescimento das plantas, o estado hídrico, as trocas gasosas e a produção do meloeiro amarelo cultivado sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação. Para tanto, conduziram-se dois experimentos no Campo Experimental do Curu, no município de Paraipaba, CE, utilizando híbrido Gold Mine, com espaçamento de 2,0 m x 0,4 m e irrigado por gotejamento. O primeiro experimento consistiu na avaliação semanal do crescimento das plantas em resposta à aplicação de três diferentes lâminas diárias de irrigação: 100% 80% e 120% (T1, T2 e T3 respectivamente) da lâmina calculada. No segundo experimento, além dos tratamentos citados anteriormente, foi inserido outro fator: turno de rega de 24 e 48 horas, com quatro repetições por tratamento. Neste, se avaliou as trocas gasosas, o potencial hídrico, os teores de carboidratos nas diversas partes das plantas e a produção e qualidade dos frutos. Em todos os tratamentos, as plantas apresentaram o menor potencial hídrico diário no período de 12h00min às 14h00min. Apesar de a condutância estomática decrescer ao longo do dia, a mesma se mantinha em valores suficientes para permitir uma taxa fotossintética praticamente constante, com leve redução após o meio dia e decréscimo acentuado somente após as 16h00min. Por sua vez, com exceção da transpiração, que foi mais alta nas plantas irrigadas a cada 48 horas, o turno de rega e as lâminas hídricas aplicadas não influenciaram as trocas gasosas das plantas. Da mesma forma, a produção, o tamanho e a qualidade dos frutos de meloeiro praticamente não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos aplicados. Assim, nas condições experimentais utilizadas, o acréscimo ou diminuição de 20% da lâmina de água calculada recomendada para o melão na região, não influenciou o desenvolvimento das plantas, nem tampouco a produção. Apenas a quantidade de sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix) foi influenciada positivamente pelo o acréscimo de 20% da lâmina calculada, quando aplicada diariamente.

O Estado do Tocantins vem a cada dia recebendo mais investimentos públicos e privados para desenvolvimento da agricultura irrigada. Esse crescimento não está sendo acompanhado com o desenvolvimento suficiente de pesquisas e difusão de técnicas aplicáveis para irrigação nessa região. Esse trabalho é um experimento no município de Porto Nacional, região central do Estado do Tocantins, com o cultivo de meloeiros irrigados sob diferentes intensidades e freqüências. Foram aplicadas três lâminas diárias: uma calculada cientificamente, outra aplicando métodos usuais praticados na região e outra com métodos usuais menos 10%. Todas as doses foram aplicadas de duas maneiras: aplicação diária única da dose e aplicação dessa mesma dose fracionada em duas aplicações ao dia. O experimento demonstrou que a quantidade de água aplicada tradicionalmente pelos irrigantes da região é aproximadamente 75 % e 95% maior do que a calculada pelo método de Penman-Monteith. Esta aplicação tradicional, em comparação com a dose determinada a partir do cálculo da evapotranspiração, não melhora os resultados obtidos nas lavouras quanto a: produtividade, brix, comprimento dos frutos, perímetro dos frutos, peso dos frutos, espessura da polpa e número de frutos descartados e que o fracionamento da dose diária em duas aplicações, uma pela manhã e outra à tarde, melhora a produtividade e aumenta a espessura da polpa, ambas características de interesse geral de produtores.
The state of Tocantins is every day getting more public and private investments for development of irrigated agriculture. This growth is not accompanied with sufficient development of researching and dissemination of technical requirements for irrigation in this region. This work is an experiment in Porto Nacional, the central region of Tocantins State, with the irrigated cultivation of melon under different intensities and frequencies. We applied three doses daily: a scientifically calculated, another applying the usual methods applied in the region and the other with the usual methods 10%. All doses were applied in two ways: application of a single daily dose and application of the same dose split in two applications a day. The experiment showed that the amount of water applied traditionally by irrigators in the region is approximately 75% and 95% higher than that calculated by the Penman-Monteith. This traditional application, compared with the dose determined from the calculation of evapotranspiration, does not improve the results in crops as the yield, brix, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight, flesh thickness and fruit number discarded and the fractioning of the daily dose into two applications, one in the morning and afternoon, improves productivity and increases the thickness of the pulp, both features of interest of farmers.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Melon is one of the most economically important crops and increasing exports in the Brazilian Northeast region. Since most of the Brazilian melon is grown in the semiarid region and depends entirely on irrigation, it is likely that climate changes underway will have significant impacts on the crop water demand and on water resources of the main producing regions. The present study aimed at analyzing the possible impacts of climate change on water requirement of the melon crop, considering two climate change scenarios, applied on a local scale. The study covered the main producing region of melon in Brazil, formed by subregions Mossorà and AÃu, in state of Rio Grande do Norte state and Lower Jaguaribe in the state of CearÃ. It was used the system PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies), with the regional climate model HadRM3P of the Hadley Centre. In applying the model we used a data set consisting of a baseline (basic climatology) for the period 1961 to 1990 and projections of future climate, for the year 2040, for the climate change scenarios A2 and B2. To interpolate the climatic variables for the geographic coordinates of the study area it was used a geographic information system (GIS) ARCGIS 9.3Â. Bearing in mind the crop season in the region, three crop cycles were considered (July to September, September to November, November to January). Reference evapotranspiration was estimated by FAO Penman-Monteith method with minimal data. Projections of climate change were mapped and showed elevations of average reference evapotranspiration of 6.2% and 7.6%, and reductions in rainfall of 38.3% and 55.9%, in the scenarios A2 and B2, respectively, at regional level. It was estimated a rise in average gross water requirement of 8.7% and 10.5% for the year 2040, in the scenarios A2 and B2, respectively.
O meloeiro à uma das horÂtaliÃas de maior importÃncia econÃmica e de maior crescimento nas exportaÃÃes na regiÃo Nordeste do Brasil. Como a maior parte da produÃÃo brasileira de melÃo ocorre na regiÃo semiÃrida e depende totalmente da irrigaÃÃo, à provÃvel que as mudanÃas climÃticas em curso tenham impactos significativos sobre a demanda hÃdrica da cultura e sobre os recursos hÃdricos das principais regiÃes produtoras. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar os possÃveis impactos das mudanÃas climÃticas na necessidade hÃdrica da cultura do melÃo, considerando dois cenÃrios de mudanÃas climÃticas, aplicados em escala local. O estudo abrangeu a principal regiÃo produtora de melÃo no Brasil, formada pelo Agropolo de Mossorà e AÃuâRN e o Agropolo do Baixo Jaguaribe-CE. Utilizou-se o sistema PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies), empregando-se o modelo climÃtico regional HadRM3P do Hadley Centre. Na aplicaÃÃo do modelo foi utilizado um conjunto de dados composto de uma baseline (climatologia de base) do perÃodo de 1961 a 1990 e de projeÃÃes climÃticas futuras, para o ano de 2040, nos cenÃrios de mudanÃas climÃticas A2 e B2. Para interpolar as variÃveis climÃticas das coordenadas geogrÃficas da regiÃo em estudo foi empregado o sistema de informaÃÃes geogrÃfica (SIG) ARCGIS 9.3Â. Tendo por base o perÃodo em que se planta melÃo irrigado na regiÃo, consideraram-se trÃs ciclos de cultivo (1 de julho a 5 de setembro, 1 de setembro a 5 de novembro, 1 de novembro a 5 de janeiro). A evapotranspiraÃÃo de referÃncia foi estimada pelo mÃtodo Penman-Monteith FAO com dados mÃnimos. As projeÃÃes das mudanÃas climÃticas foram mapeadas e mostraram elevaÃÃes mÃdias da evapotranspiraÃÃo de referÃncia de 6,2% e 7,6%, e diminuiÃÃo da precipitaÃÃo pluviomÃtrica de 38,3% e 55,9% nos cenÃrios A2 e B2, respectivamente, a nÃvel regional. Foi estimada uma elevaÃÃo da necessidade hÃdrica bruta mÃdia de 8,7% e 10,5% para o ano de 2040, nos cenÃrios A2 e B2, respectivamente.

Orientador: Antônio de Pádua Sousa
Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas
Banca: Raimundo Leite Cruz
Banca: José Francismar de Medeiros
Banca: Everaldo Mariano Gomes
Resumo: Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na região do Agropólo Assu-Mossoró com objetivo de estudar os efeitos de três lâminas de irrigação, três doses de potássio e três doses de nitrogênio, aplicadas via fertirrigação por gotejamento, na produtividade e qualidade de frutos de melão Pele de Sapo. O estudo foi desenvolvido no período de setembro a dezembro de 2004 e constou de três experimentos realizados simultaneamente, sendo representados pelas lâminas de irrigação L1= 0,7.NTI, L2= 0,9.NTI e L3 = 1,1.NTI, que corresponderam a 281, 349 e 423 mm, respectivamente. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 + 2. Os onze tratamentos resultaram da combinação fatorial entre três doses de N e três doses de K, mais dois tratamentos adicionais (N0K2 e N2K0). As doses de N estudadas na pesquisa foram: N0 = 0 kg.ha-1, N1.= 91 kg.ha-1, N2 = 140 kg.ha-1 e N = 184 kg.ha-1; e as de K2O foram: K0 = 0 kg.ha-1, K1 = 174 kg.ha-1, K2 = 270 e K3 = 352 kg.ha-1. A fertirrigação foi realizada diariamente mediante curva de absorção utilizando-se injetores tipo venture. Para comparação dos tratamentos, foram avaliados os aspectos quantitativos (produção total, produção mercado externo e interno) e os qualitativos (teor de sólidos solúveis, firmeza e espessura de polpa e o índice de formato). O monitoramento da umidade no solo foi feita com tensiômetros instalados em torno das plantas. Pelos valores de tensão de água do solo, a lâmina de irrigação L3 manteve o perfil de distribuição de água mais constante do que os de L1 e L2. As produções comerciável e total foram influenciadas pelos níveis de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio, sendo as maiores produções de 30,97 e 37,40 Mg ha-1, obtidas com as combinações de 141 kg de N ha-1 e 381 mm e 149 kg de N ha-1 e 397 mm, respectivamente. Os níveis... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This work was developed region of Assu and Mossoró the objective to study the effects of three irrigations depths, and three potassium and nitrogen levels applied by drip fertirrigation, on yield and quality of "pele de sapo" melon fruits. The study, carried out between September and December 2004, was constituted by three simultaneous trials represented by irrigation depths: L1= 1,1.NTI, L2= 0,9.NTI e L3 = 0,7.NTI corresponding to 464, 385 e 308 mm, respectively. The experimental design was an entirely randomized block with three replications in a 3 x 3 + 2 factorial scheme. Eleven treatments resulted from the combination of three N doses, three K doses and two additional treatments (N0K2 e N2K0). Doses of N were: N0 = 0 kg.ha-1, N1.= 91 kg.ha-1, N2 = 140 kg.ha-1 and N3 = 184 kg.ha-1; and doses of K2O were: K0 = 0 kg.ha-1, K1 = 174 kg.ha-1, K2 = 270 and K3 = 352 kg.ha-1. The fertirrigation was applied daily based on nutrient absorption curves used injector type venture. Treatments were compared by quantitative (total yield, foreign market and national type yield) and qualitative aspects (soluble solids contents, pulp firmness, pulp thickness and shape index). Soil moisture monitoring was made by tensiometers installed around the plants. From the water soil tension values, the irrigation depht L3 maintained the water distribution pattern more constant than the L1 and L2.The marketable and total yields were modified by the irrigation dephts and nitrogen levels, with the higher yields of 30,97 and 37,40 Mg ha-1, obtained with the combinations of 141 kg N ha-1 and 381 mm and 149 kg N ha-1 and 397 mm, respectively. The irrigation levels affected the parameters of quality significantly evaluate the day of harvest, except the value of soluble solids contents that was also influenced by the other factors, with obtained the value of 12,2% with irrigation depht... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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