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Journal articles on the topic 'Melon agronomy'
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1
Pandey, Sudhakar, N. P. S. Dhillon, A. K. Sureja, Dilbag Singh, and Ajaz A. Malik. "Hybridization for increased yield and nutritional content of snake melon (Cucumis melo L. var. flexuosus)." Plant Genetic Resources 8, no. 2 (March 9, 2010): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262110000067.
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This is the first report on increasing yield and nutritional content of snake melon (Cucumis melo L. var. flexuosus) by exploiting intraspecific genetic variation of genetically diverse melons. Inbred snake melon ‘Punjab Long melon 1’ (PLM1) was hybridized with five genetically diverse inbred melons: KP 7 (var. momordica), AM 72 (var. acidulus), ‘Arya 1’ (var. chate), 04-02 (var. tibish) and ‘Punjab Wanga’ (unknown botanical variety). The parents and hybrids were evaluated at three locations for nine traits. Hybrids PLM1 × 04-02 and PLM1 × ‘Punjab Wanga’ exhibited significant (P0.05) heterosis for the number of marketable fruits per plant, and ascorbic acid and carotenoid contents of marketable fruits.
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Rosawanti, Pienyani, Nurul Hidayati, Fahruddin Arfianto, and Djoko Eko Hadi Susilo. "Aplikasi Beberapa Pupuk Organik tTerhadap Produksi, Kualitas Buah dDan EfisiensiAgronomi Melon di Tanah Gambut." Daun: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian dan Kehutanan 7, no. 1 (June 11, 2020): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/daun.v7i1.1605.
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This research aims to know the effect interaction of application of types and different dosage of organic fertilizers on production and fruit quality of melons on peatlands, effect of application of types and different dosage of organic fertilizers on production and fruit quality of melons on peatlands, and the agronomic efficiency of the use of several types and different dosage of organic fertilizers on production of melons on peatlands. This research design was used as a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consists of two factors with 4 replication. The first factor consisted of types of organic fertilizer (P) i.e. chicken manure (PA), guano manure (PG), and cow manure (PS). The second factor consisted of fertilizer dosage (D) i.e. 0 tons ha-1 (without fertilization, called control), D1 = 15 tons ha-1, D2 = 30 tons ha-1 and D3 = 45 tons ha-1. The data obtained by analysis of variance (ANOVA) or F test at a = 5% and 1% levels to determine the effect of treatment was tested further by HSD (honestly significant difference) testat the level of 5%. The result shows that the interaction type of organic fertilizer and the dosage of organic fertilizer treatment significant effect on the weight of the melon. Chicken manure is the best organic fertilizer on the size and quality of the melon. Dosage of 45 tons ha-1 organic fertilizer gave the highest results but it was not significantly different with a dosage of 30 tons ha-1. The use of chicken manure fertilizer of 30 tons ha-1 is more efficient in agronomy in increasing melons yield on peatlands.
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Preston, Hailson Alves Ferreira, Clistenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento, Welka Preston, Glauber Henrique de Souza Nunes, Francisco Leandro Costa Loureiro, and Rosa de Lima Ramos Mariano. "Silicon slag increases melon growth and resistance to bacterial fruit blotch." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 43 (August 14, 2020): e45075. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.45075.
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Melon bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) is the major bacterial melon disease in Northeastern Brazil. We evaluated the effects of applying a silicon (Si) slag on BFB suppressiveness in two melons cultivars as well as in soil chemical attributes and plant growth and nutrition. Slag was incorporated into the soil at concentrations equivalent to 0.00, 0.12, 0.24, 0.47, 0.71, and 1.41 g kg-1 of silicon. Plants were inoculated with Acidovorax citrulli 20 days after emergence. Results showed that amending the soil with Si slag improved the resistance of two melon cultivars against bacterial fruit blotch. Such an effect is probably related not only to the Si uptake by plants but also to changes in soil characteristics and improvement in plant nutrition. Both hybrid cultivars (AF4945 and Medellín) increased biomass, nutrient and Si accumulation as a function of Si doses applied to soil. According to Si concentration and Si to Ca ratio in plant tissue, both cultivars are regarded as intermediary Si-accumulators. We also observed that an intermediate dose of Si (0.71 g kg-1) posed better results on controlling melon bacterial fruit blotch than the highest dose tested
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Li, Meng, Xiaoyu Duan, Qian Wang, Wei Chen, and Hongyan Qi. "A new morphological method to identify cold tolerance of melon at seedling stage." Functional Plant Biology 47, no. 1 (2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp19163.
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Low temperature restrains the growth and development of melons, as well as severely impairing the yield and quality. To obtain a rapid and accurate method for evaluating cold tolerance of melon, 10 genotypes were selected to investigate their cold tolerance at seedling stage. Chilling stress (15°C/6°C, day/night) increased leaf angles and caused leaves wilted: the phenotypes of the 10 genotypes were obviously different. Thus, a new predicted method for chilling injury index (CII) of melon was constructed based on the change of leaf angle and leaf state. The CII showed significant correlation with survival rate, maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and changes of SPAD value. Moreover, the validity of the method was further verified by seedlings growth, photosynthesis, membrane permeability and metabolites accumulation of four screened genotypes. Taken together, this work provides a morphological and accurate method for evaluating cold tolerance in melon.
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Ohki, Takehiro, Isamu Sako, Ayami Kanda, Tomofumi Mochizuki, Yohachiro Honda, and Shinya Tsuda. "A New Strain of Melon necrotic spot virus that Is Unable to Systemically Infect Cucumis melo." Phytopathology® 98, no. 11 (November 2008): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-11-1165.
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We report a new strain of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) that is unable to systemically infect Cucumis melo. A spherical virus (W-isolate), about 30 nm in diameter like a carmovirus, was isolated from watermelons with necrotic symptoms. The W-isolate had little serological similarity to MNSV, and it did not cause any symptoms in six melon cultivars susceptible to MNSV; however, the host range of the W-isolate was limited exclusively to cucurbitaceous plants, and transmission by O. bornovanus was confirmed. Its genomic structure was identical to that of MNSV, and its p89 protein and coat protein (CP) showed 81.6 to 83.2% and 74.1 to 75.1% identity to those of MNSV, respectively. Analysis of protoplast showed that the W-isolate replicated in melons at the single-cell level. Furthermore, chimeric clones carrying the CP of MNSV induced necrotic spots in melons. These results suggested that the absence of symptoms in melons was due to a lack of ability of the W-isolate to move from cell to cell. In view of these findings, we propose that the new isolate should be classified as a novel MNSV watermelon strain.
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Wahua, T. A. T. "Effects of Melon (Colocynthis vulgaris) Population Density on Intercropped Maize (Zea mays) and Melon." Experimental Agriculture 21, no. 3 (July 1985): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700012631.
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SUMMARYIn a study of the optimum population for melon when intercropped with maize, melon at 5000, 10 000, 15 000 and 20 000 plants ha−1 was intercropped with maize at 40 000 plants ha−1. Melon biomass and seed yield increased linearly with population density in mixed and pure stands while maize yield components were virtually unaffected. Intercropping reduced melon seed yields, mainly because of a reduction in number of fruits per plant, but did not affect seed size. For good weed and erosion control and increased total yields, maize can be intercropped with up to 20 000 plants ha−1 of melon.
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Kobori, R. F., O. Suzuki, R. Wierzbicki, P. T. Della Vecchia, and L. E. A. Camargo. "Occurrence of Podosphaera xanthii Race 2 on Cucumis melo in Brazil." Plant Disease 88, no. 10 (October 2004): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.10.1161a.
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Powdery mildew is an important disease of melons (Cucumis melo L.) cultivated in greenhouses in Brazil. Currently, there are 5 races of Podosphaera xanthii (formerly known as Sphaerotheca fuliginea) and 2 races of Golovinomyces cichoracearum (formerly known as Erysiphe cichoracearum) described on melons worldwide, but only race 1 of P. xanthii has been reported in Brazil (1). However, typical whitish powdery fungal growth was observed on an experimental hybrid yellow melon resistant to race 1 of P. xanthii during the summer of 2000 in a greenhouse in Bragança Paulista, State of São Paulo. Conidia collected from diseased leaves were spread onto 0.5% water agar medium and maintained at 22°C for 24 h with 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness. Most of the germinated conidia displayed fibrosin inclusion bodies when observed in a solution of 3% potassium hydroxide (KOH), and approximately 1 of 50 also displayed forked germ tubes. These features allowed us to identify P. xanthii as the causal agent. Conidia raised on the susceptible yellow melon ‘Amarelo CAC’ were used to inoculate cotyledons of the differential melon lines (2) ‘Hale's Best Jumbo’ (susceptible to races 1, 2, and 3 of P. xanthii), ‘PMR-45’ (resistant to race 1 and susceptible to races 2 and 3), and ‘PMR-6’ (resistant to races 1 and 2 and susceptible to race 3). Inoculations were performed on 10 plants of each differential line and replicated four times. The presence or absence of symptoms was evaluated 18 days after inoculation. ‘Hale's Best Jumbo’ and ‘PMR-45’ were rated as susceptible while ‘PMR-6’ was rated as resistant, thus indicating the presence of race 2 of P. xanthii in Brazil. During field surveys from 2001 to 2003, this race was found on squash (Cucurbita moschata), summer squash (C. pepo), and melons in São Paulo. References: (1) F. J. B. Reifschneider et al. Plant Dis. 69:1069, 1985. (2) C. E. Thomas et al. Cucurbit Genet. Coop. 7:126, 1984.
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Lozano, Cláudia Salim, Roberto Rezende, Tiago Luan Hachmann, Fernando André Silva Santos, Marcelo Zolin Lorenzoni, and Álvaro Henrique Cândido de Souza. "Yield and quality of melon under silicon doses and irrigation management in a greenhouse." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 48, no. 2 (April 2018): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4851265.
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ABSTRACT The netted melon requires special growing conditions, including a protected environment, an adequate staking system and proper water and nutrient management. This study aimed to assess the effect of irrigation levels and silicon doses on the yield and quality of Sunrise hybrid melons, in a greenhouse. A randomized block design was used, with a 5 x 3 factorial scheme and four replications. The first factor consisted of five silicon doses (0 kg ha-1, 50 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 150 kg ha-1 and 200 kg ha-1) and the second of three irrigation levels (40 %, 70 % and 100 % of the ETc). The results demonstrated that the applied irrigation levels and silicon doses have no influence on the yield traits of melon plants. The irrigation level corresponding to 100 % of the ETc promotes higher values for soluble solids (9.86 ºBrix) and maturation index (114.9) on fruits. The increase of silicon doses up to 200 kg ha-1 also increases the maturation index in the treatment with the greatest irrigation level and reduces this index at the shallowest level applied.
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Dhillon, N. P. S., Jugpreet Singh, Mohamed Fergany, Antonio J. Monforte, and A. K. Sureja. "Phenotypic and molecular diversity among landraces of snapmelon ( Cucumis melo var. momordica) adapted to the hot and humid tropics of eastern India." Plant Genetic Resources 7, no. 03 (June 3, 2009): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262109990050.
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We present here the first comprehensive genetic characterization of snapmelon landraces from the humid tropics of eastern India. The genetic diversity among 42 snapmelon landraces collected from four agro-ecological regions of eastern India (eight agro-ecological subregions) was assessed by measuring variation at 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker loci, at various traits including plant habit and fruit type, yield (two associated traits), disease resistance and biochemical composition (total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and titrable acidity). Differences between accessions were observed in a number of plant and fruit traits. Snapmelon germplasm with high acidity, elevated carotenoid content and resistance to cucumber mosaic virus were identified in the collection. The SSR analysis indicated that there is a high level of genetic variability within snapmelon germplasm. Comparison of the genetic variability between snapmelons of eastern India and melons from north, south and central regions of India and reference accessions of melon from Spain, France, Japan, Korea, Maldives, Iraq, Zambia, Israel using SSRs showed that Indian snapmelon germplasm is not closely related to melon accessions from other parts of the world and that there are regional differences between Indian melon accessions. Eastern India snapmelon has unique traits, so it is important that more germplasm from this region is sampled and preserved.
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Munshi, A. D., and J. M. Alvarez. "Hybrid Melon Development." Journal of New Seeds 6, no. 4 (February 15, 2005): 321–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j153v06n04_02.
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Olasantan, F. O. "The Effects on Soil Temperature and Moisture Content and Crop Growth and Yield of Intercropping Maize with Melon (Colocynthis vulgaris)." Experimental Agriculture 24, no. 1 (January 1988): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700015702.
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SUMMARYThe effects of various intercropping patterns of maize and melon on soil temperature and moisture content and crop growth and yield were compared in field trials over a two year period. Intercropping raised soil temperature in the upper 10 cm at 0600 h and reduced it at 1000, 1400 and 1800 h, and also increased soil moisture content by about 30%, compared with maize sole cropping. Melon biomass and seed yields were reduced by intercropping but maize growth characters were unaffected. However, the reduction in melon yields was less when grown with maize in widely spaced rows. Maize intercropped with melon in alternate pairs of rows (2:2) gave the best land equivalent ratio (LER).
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de Cara, M., V. López, M. Santos, and J. C. Tello Marquina. "Association of Pythium aphanidermatum with Root and Crown Rot of Melons in Honduras." Plant Disease 92, no. 3 (March 2008): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-3-0483c.
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Approximately 10,000 ha of melon (Cucumis melo L.), primarily cantaloupe and honeydew types, are grown in Honduras for export to U.S. markets. In 2004 and 2005, several soil surveys were conducted in areas with a history of vine decline. Twenty-nine soil samples from six farms were collected from the rhizosphere of wilted plants. Thirty-six melon plants were planted in a mixture of each rhizosphere sample and vermiculite (1:6 v/v). The plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 23 to 25°C with a 16-h photoperiod. The first symptoms, which appeared at the one- or two-true-leaf stage, were girdling of the lower stem, leaf chlorosis, and wilting. Affected plants exhibited necrotic crowns and roots and half of all plants died less than 3 days after wilting. Isolations from washed and dried crown and roots pieces from affected plants were placed on malt extract agar. Colonies were transferred to potato carrot agar and into dishes of sterile water and immature carnation petals to aid in the identification of recovered fungi. Nearly 500 isolates of Pythium species were cultured, and approximately 60% were identified as P. aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. on the basis of their toruloid sporangia, aplerotic oospores, terminal and smooth oogonia, monoclinous sac-shaped antheridia (one to two per oogonium), and abundant appressoria. The pathogenicity of nine isolates was confirmed in a growth chamber. Ten plants of melon cv. Amarillo Canario, grown in sterilized vermiculite, were inoculated at the two- or three-true-leaf stage by drenching pots with 100 ml of a suspension of each isolate (103 CFU ml–1). Noninoculated plants served as controls. There were three replicates per isolate. Plants began to die 7 days after inoculation and the incidence of the affected plants reached an average of 70%. P. aphanidermatum causing decline of melon plants has been previously reported in hot and semi-arid areas in Israel and Spain (1,2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. aphanidermatum pathogenic to melon plants in Honduras. References: (1) S. Pivonia et al. Plant Dis. 81:1264, 1997. (2) J. Gómez Enfermedades del Melón en los Cultivos “Sin Suelo” de la Provincia de Almería. Junta de Andalucía, 1993.
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Saputra, Helfi Eka, Umi Salamah, Welly Herman, and Marlina Mustafa. "KERAGAAN KARAKTER BUAH 26 GENOTIPE MELON (Cucumis melo L.) PADA SISTEM BUDIDAYA HIDROPONIK SUMBU." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 23, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jipi.23.1.61-65.
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[FRUIT PERFORMANCE OF 26 GENOTYPES OF MELON (Cucumis melo L.) IN WICK HYDROPONIC CULTIVATION SYSTEMS]. Fruit performance is determining quality factor for melon fruit. This research aimed to obtain the melon genotype which has the best fruit quality by the cultivation of the wick hydroponic system. The research was conducted from June to September 2020 in the greenhouse of the Agronomy Laboratory, Bengkulu University. The study was compiled with a single-factor of the melon genotypes using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications. The genotypes were G23, G27, G28, G29, G38, G39, G40, G41, G42, G43, G45, G46, G47, G48, G49, G52, G53, G55, G57, G58, G60, G62, G63, G64, G65, and G66. The best genotypes for fruit length characters were G28 and G42. The best genotypes for fruit diameter character were G52, G58, G60, G64, and G66. The best genotype for fruit thickness character was G43. The best genotype for total dissolved solids character was G45. The best genotypes for fruit weight characters were G58, G66, and G60.
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Dentener, P. R., D. C. Whiting, and P. G. Connolly. "Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera Thripidae) could it survive in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3907.
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Melon thrips (Thrips palmi Karny) is one of several Risk Group 2 pests on New Zealand MAF Biosecurity Authoritys list of unwanted pests Its wide host plant range and its presence worldwide including several countries in the Pacific region underpin its biosecurity status In this case study we used CLIMEX a climate matching software program to determine likely locations in New Zealand where melon thrips could establish once introduced Possible establishment was based on climate match with overseas locations where melon thrips is present and on a range of biological parameters specific to the response of melon thrips to climatic conditions The upper North Island is predicted to be most suited to melon thrips establishment This also matches the known New Zealand distribution of Hercinothrips bicinctus banana thrips a species found worldwide in locations similar to that of melon thrips
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Takeshita, Minoru, Mitsuru Okuda, Shiori Okuda, Ayaka Hyodo, Kaori Hamano, Naruto Furuya, and Kenichi Tsuchiya. "Induction of Antiviral Responses by Acibenzolar-S-Methyl Against Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus in Melon." Phytopathology® 103, no. 9 (September 2013): 960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-08-12-0188-r.
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Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (family Closteroviridae, genus Crinivirus) is an emerging virus which causes severe diseases on melon (Cucumis melo) plants. CCYV-infected melon plants display yellowing, mottling, chlorosis, or chlorotic spots on leaves. To develop a new control strategy, the potential for 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-thiocarboxylic acid-S-methyl-ester (ASM) to suppress CCYV infection was evaluated. ASM treatment on melon plants greatly increased the expression levels of pathogenesis-related 1a gene, a marker gene for systemic acquired resistance. ASM treatment on melon plants before inoculation of CCYV suppressed systemic symptoms and decreased CCYV accumulation. ASM treatment on melon even after inoculation of CCYV reduced disease severity and accumulation levels of CCYV. The results show the potential for ASM treatment on attenuation of the CCYV disease symptoms.
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Khan, J. A., M. K. Siddiqui, and B. P. Singh. "The Association of Begomovirus with Bitter Melon in India." Plant Disease 86, no. 3 (March 2002): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.3.328b.
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Bitter melon, Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae), is a vegetable of nutritive and medicinal value that is cultivated throughout India and other tropical countries. In September 2001, a severe disease of bitter melon with virus-like symptoms was observed at Lucknow, India. Symptoms consisted of upward curling, shortening, and distortion of leaves. Diseased melon fruits were stunted and deformed. Disease incidence was as high as 100%. Whitefly (Bemicia tabaci) can transmit the associated virus from diseased bitter melon to Nicotiana tabacum cv. White burley. The development of leaf curl symptoms in N. tabacum indicated the pathogen could be a begomovirus. Total nucleic acids were extracted from diseased bitter melon leaves, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed. Three pairs of primers, AV494 and AC1048 (1), CL-CR/F2 and CL-CR/R2, CL/11F and CL10/R (2), specific to DNA-A of begomoviruses were used in PCR. Virus-specific DNA-A fragments of expected sizes were identified (≈0.5, 0.7 and 1.2 kb, respectively). The presence of a begomovirus in all PCR-amplified DNA fragments was confirmed by Southern hybridization. Cloned DNA-A fragments of Tomato leaf curl virus and Cotton leaf curl virus (both begomoviruses) cross-hybridized with the PCR products gave strong signals under high stringency conditions. These data suggest that a begomovirus is associated with this bitter melon disease. Watermelon mosaic 1 virus is the only virus previously reported to naturally infect bitter melon; however, this virus has not been identified in India. Bitter melon is also an experimental host of Ribgrass mosaic virus (genus Tobamovirus) and Trichosanthes mottle virus (genus Potyvirus). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of begomovirus infecting bitter melon. References: (1) S. D. Wyatt and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 86:1288, 1996. (2). X. Zhou et al. J. Gen. Virol. 79:915, 1998.
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Fernandes, André Luís Teixeira, Guilherme Pádua Rodrigues, and Roberto Testezlaf. "Mineral and organomineral fertirrigation in relation to quality of greenhouse cultivated melon." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 1 (February 2003): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000100022.
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Fertirrigation of melon still presents problems in relation to the type of the fertilizer used, mainly the biofertilizers. This experiment, installed in Uberaba, MG, Brazil, in a plastic module greenhouse of 768 m², tested treatments consisting of the conventional mineral fertirrigation and the organic fertirrigation, using two frequencies: daily and weekly. The best yields were obtained with daily fertilizer application, with superiority in relation to biofertilizers, with yield of 45.5 t ha-1 of fruit. This value was higher as compared to chemical products, that lead to a yield of 42.4 t ha-1. The weekly fertigation had lower productivities, and in this case, the biofertilizers also overcame the mineral, on the average 2.0 t ha-1. The best melon soluble solids values were obtained for the daily application of fertilizers, and the best treatment (P < 0.05) was the organic daily fertigation, with values of soluble solids content of 13.60° brix, followed by the daily chemical fertigation, with values of 12.52°. On the average, the amounts of soluble solids in melon were superior to the average found for Brazilian melons. Differences were not verified among the treatments for the variables pulp thickness and fruits pH. Regarding the peel thickness, the application of organic fertilizer sources presented a slight superiority in relation to chemical fertilizer treatments. No differences were verified among treatments in relation to the amount of fruits protein.
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Castellanos, María Teresa, María Jesús Cabello, María del Carmen Cartagena, Ana María Tarquis, Augusto Arce, and Francisco Ribas. "Growth dynamics and yield of melon as influenced by nitrogen fertilizer." Scientia Agricola 68, no. 2 (April 2011): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000200009.
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Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for melon (Cucumis melo L.) production. However there is scanty information about the amount necessary to maintain an appropriate balance between growth and yield. Melon vegetative organs must develop sufficiently to intercept light and accumulate water and nutrients but it is also important to obtain a large reproductive-vegetative dry weight ratio to maximize the fruit yield. We evaluated the influence of different N amounts on the growth, production of dry matter and fruit yield of a melon 'Piel de sapo' type. A three-year field experiment was carried out from May to September. Melons were subjected to an irrigation depth of 100% crop evapotranspiration and to 11 N fertilization rates, ranging 11 to 393 kg ha-1 in the three years. The dry matter production of leaves and stems increased as the N amount increased. The dry matter of the whole plant was affected similarly, while the fruit dry matter decreased as the N amount was increased above 112, 93 and 95 kg ha-1, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The maximum Leaf Area Index (LAI), 3.1, was obtained at 393 kg ha-1 of N. The lowest N supply reduced the fruit yield by 21%, while the highest increased the vegetative growth, LAI and Leaf Area Duration (LAD), but reduced yield by 24% relative to the N93 treatment. Excessive applications of N increase vegetative growth at the expense of reproductive growth. For this melon type, rates about 90-100 kg ha-1 of N are sufficient for adequate plant growth, development and maximum production. To obtain fruit yield close to the maximum, the leaf N concentration at the end of the crop cycle should be higher than 19.5 g kg-1.
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de Cara, M., V. López, M. C. Córdoba, M. Santos, C. Jordá, and J. C. Tello. "Association of Olpidium bornovanus and Melon necrotic spot virus with Vine Decline of Melon in Guatemala." Plant Disease 92, no. 5 (May 2008): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-5-0709.
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Thirty-one soil samples from 14 different fields of Guatemala melon with vine decline symptoms were analyzed for the presence of organisms associated with the disease. With a soil-dilution plating method, only Macrophomina phaseolina was detected in five samples. With a melon bait plant technique, Olpidium bornovanus, often together with Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV), was found in nearly all the samples, corresponding with all the fields studied. Other pathogens that were detected less frequently included Pythium aphanidermatum, Monosporascus cannonballus, and Rhizoctonia solani. Consequently, O. bornovanus and MNSV were uniquely associated with disease occurrence and thus are the most probable cause of melon vine decline in the fields studied.
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Haonan, Cui, Ding Zhuo, Fan Chao, Zhu Zicheng, Zhang Hao, Gao Peng, and Luan Feishi. "Genetic Mapping and Nucleotide Diversity of Two Powdery Mildew Resistance Loci in Melon (Cucumis melo)." Phytopathology® 110, no. 12 (December 2020): 1970–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-03-20-0078-r.
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Powdery mildew (PM) significantly and negatively affects the yield and quality of melon (Cucumis melo) worldwide. Race 2F is the predominant physiological race of the pathogen Podosphaera xanthii in many regions. We used accessions PMR 6 (P1; resistant to PM) and M1-7 (P2; susceptible to PM) to analyze the inheritance of resistance to PM (race 2F). The ratio between resistant and susceptible individuals fits a Mendelian segregation ratio of 13:3 in a total of 256 F2 individuals and 1:1 in BC1P2. The resistance to PM in PMR 6 was governed by two genes: a dominant (AA) gene with an epistatic effect and a recessive gene (bb). Only individuals with aaBB or aaBb genotypes were susceptible to PM. Two PM resistance loci, Pm2.1 and pm12.1, were mapped on chromosomes 2 and 12 by bulked segregant analysis and secondary mapping by quantitative trait loci analysis with 18 markers. A new marker-assisted selection system to identify melon genotypes resistant or susceptible to PM was developed and tested in 93 melon accessions. Nucleotide diversity (π) and fixation index (Fst) for the two PM resistance loci were estimated using resequencing data of 336 melons from three groups: C. melo subsp. agrestis, Cucumis melo subsp. melo, and the intermediate type. The lowest π was observed in C. melo ssp. agrestis, and the highest Fst value was between C. melo ssp. agrestis and C. melo ssp. melo. The findings provide a promising tool that can be used to accelerate breeding for durable resistance to PM.
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Kido, K., C. Tanaka, T. Mochizuki, K. Kubota, T. Ohki, J. Ohnishi, L. M. Knight, and S. Tsuda. "High Temperatures Activate Local Viral Multiplication and Cell-to-Cell Movement of Melon necrotic spot virus but Restrict Expression of Systemic Symptoms." Phytopathology® 98, no. 2 (February 2008): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-2-0181.
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The infection of melon plants by Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and the development of necrotic disease symptoms are a seasonal occurrence in Japan, which take place between winter and early summer, but not during mid-summer. In this paper we investigate the effect of three different temperatures (15, 20, and 25°C) on the local and systemic expression of MNSV in melon plants. Previously, the incidence of plants expressing systemic symptoms caused by MNSV and other viruses was found to be greater at temperatures less than 20°C. In this study, our temperature-shift experiments support previous studies that found the expression of systemic symptoms increases as temperature falls from 25 to 20°C and decreases as temperature rises from 20 to 25°C. However, MNSV replication in melon cells and local viral movement within leaves following the inoculation of melon protoplasts or cotyledons were more frequent at 25°C than at 15 or 20°C.
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Namiki, Fumio, Toshiki Shiomi, Kazufumi Nishi, Tsuruo Kayamura, and Takashi Tsuge. "Pathogenic and Genetic Variation in the Japanese Strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis." Phytopathology® 88, no. 8 (August 1998): 804–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.8.804.
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Pathogenic variation among 41 Japanese strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis was analyzed by pathogenicity tests with muskmelon, oriental melon, and oriental pickling melon cultivars. Based on pathogenicity to muskmelon cvs. Amus and Ohi and oriental melon cv. Ogon 9, 41 strains were divided into 3 groups that corresponded completely to Risser's races 0, 2, and 1,2y. To further characterize pathogenic variation within the forma specialis and races, strains were assayed for pathogenicity to 42 additional muskmelon, oriental melon, and oriental pickling melon cultivars. All strains of race 1,2y were pathogenic to all cultivars tested. Strains of race 0 were divided into six variants based on differences in pathogenicity to three muskmelon cultivars; strains of race 2 also were classified into six variants based on differences in pathogenicity to two muskmelon cultivars and one oriental melon cultivar. Genetic variation among strains was analyzed by DNA fingerprinting with four repetitive DNA sequences: FOLR1 to FOLR4. Thirty-six fingerprint types were detected among forty-one strains by pooling results of fingerprinting with four probes. Cluster analysis showed distinct genetic groups correlated with races: the fingerprint types detected in each of races 2 and 1,2y were grouped into a single cluster, and two distinct genetic groups were found in race 0. However, pathogenic variation detected within races 0 and 2 could not be differentiated based on the nuclear markers examined.
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Wintermantel, William M., Laura L. Hladky, Arturo A. Cortez, and Eric T. Natwick. "A New Expanded Host Range of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus Includes Three Agricultural Crops." Plant Disease 93, no. 7 (July 2009): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-7-0685.
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Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) was identified in the fall of 2006 affecting cucurbit production in the southwestern United States (California, Arizona), as well as in nearby Sonora, Mexico, resulting in nearly universal infection of fall melon crops in 2006 and 2007, and late infection of 2007 spring melons. Survival of CYSDV through the largely cucurbit-free winter months suggested the presence of weed or alternate crop hosts, although previous studies indicated a limited host range restricted to members of the Cucurbitaceae. To determine potential reservoir hosts for CYSDV in desert production, weed and crop hosts were collected from throughout the region over a period of 26 months, and were tested for the presence of CYSDV by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using CYSDV HSP70h- and coat protein gene–specific primers. Many noncucurbits collected from infected melon fields and nearby areas were symptomless and virus free; however, CYSDV was detected in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), as well as in several weed species widely prevalent in the region. Typical crinivirus symptoms of interveinal yellowing and leaf brittleness were observed on CYSDV-infected snap bean, alkali mallow (Sida hederacea) and Wright's groundcherry (Physalis wrightii), while other infected crop and weed hosts were symptomless. Transmission tests demonstrated that lettuce, snap bean, alkali mallow, Wright's groundcherry, and buffalo gourd (Cucurbita foetidissima) could serve as virus reservoir hosts for transmission of CYSDV to melon and other cucurbits. These results expand the previously known host range of CYSDV, demonstrating that the virus is capable of infecting not only members of the Cucurbitaceae, but also plants in seven additional taxonomic families.
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Chikh-Rouhou, Hela, Najla Mezghani, Sameh Mnasri, Neila Mezghani, and Ana Garcés-Claver. "Assessing the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Tunisian Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Collection Using Phenotypic Traits and SSR Molecular Markers." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061121.
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The assessment of genetic diversity and structure of a gene pool is a prerequisite for efficient organization, conservation, and utilization for crop improvement. This study evaluated the genetic diversity and population structure of 24 Tunisian melon accessions, by using 24 phenotypic traits and eight microsatellite (SSR) markers. A considerable phenotypic diversity among accessions was observed for many characters including those related to agronomical performance. All the microsatellites were polymorphic and detected 30 distinct alleles with a moderate (0.43) polymorphic information content. Shannon’s diversity index (0.82) showed a high degree of polymorphism between melon genotypes. The observed heterozygosity (0.10) was less than the expected heterozygosity (0.12), displaying a deficit in heterozygosity because of selection pressure. Molecular clustering and structure analyses based on SSRs separated melon accessions into five groups and showed an intermixed genetic structure between landraces and breeding lines belonging to the different botanical groups. Phenotypic clustering separated the accessions into two main clusters belonging to sweet and non-sweet melon; however, a more precise clustering among inodorus, cantalupensis, and reticulatus subgroups was obtained using combined phenotypic–molecular data. The discordance between phenotypic and molecular data was confirmed by a negative correlation (r = −0.16, p = 0.06) as revealed by the Mantel test. Despite these differences, both markers provided important information about the diversity of the melon germplasm, allowing the correct use of these accessions in future breeding programs. Together they provide a powerful tool for future agricultural and conservation tasks.
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Aleandri, M. P., D. Martignoni, R. Reda, A. Alfaro-Fernández, M. I. Font, J. Armengol, and G. Chilosi. "First Report of Olpidium bornovanus and O. virulentus on Melon in Italy." Plant Disease 98, no. 7 (July 2014): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-13-1041-pdn.
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A survey for the presence of Olpidium spp. on melon (Cucumis melo L.) was conducted during the beginning of 2013 in central Italy in an unheated greenhouse, located in the melon-producing coastal area of north Latium (central Italy, Viterbo Province) (42°23′09.31″N, 11°30′46.10″E) with a history of monosporascus root rot and vine decline (MRRVD). For this aim, 10 soil samples were collected adjacent to the roots of plants symptomatic of MRRVD, represented by root lesions and rots and loss of smaller feeder roots. Olpidium was baited from collected infested soil by growing melon (cv. Dinero) plants for 45 days. Bait plants grown in sterilized soil were used as negative controls. All the baited melon roots were analyzed by morphological and molecular methods. For the morphological analysis, feeder roots were clarified in a 1.5% KOH solution for 24 h (2) and observed under a light microscope to record the presence or absence of sporangia and resting spores of Olpidium spp., which were observed in baited melon plants grown in infested soil and not in control roots. In particular, stellate resting spores were referred to as O. virulentus because this species cannot be distinguished from O. brassicae, which does not colonize melon. O. bornovanus had smooth-walled resting spores with a honeycomb-like pattern (2). For molecular analysis, DNA was extracted from 21 melon roots and tested by multiplex PCR to confirm Olpidium spp. identification (2). Based on molecular identification, O. virulentus was identified in 40% of samples, and O. bornovanus was identified in 10%. There were no mixed infections in the same sample. Two amplified PCR products, corresponding to O. bornovanus and O. virulentus expected fragment sizes of 977 and 579 bp respectively, were sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. KF661295 and KF661296). BLAST analysis of the sequences showed 99% nucleotide identity with O. bornovanus isolate CH from Japan collected in melon roots (AB205215) and O. virulentus isolate HY-1 from Japan collected in lettuce roots as reported by Sasaya and Koganezawa (3) (AB205204, formerly O. brassicae). At the end of the experiment, the root systems of all inoculated plants appeared brown, whereas neither symptoms nor sporangia and resting spores were observed in roots of control plants. Olpidium spp. are root-infecting plant pathogens of melon (4), acting as vectors of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and other destructive plant viruses (1). Moreover, they are directly involved in the induction of germination of ascospores of Monosporascus cannonballus, the causal agent of MRRVD of cucurbits (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of O. virulentus and O. bornovanus on melon in Italy. References: (1) A. Alfaro-Fernández et al. J. Phytopathol. 91:1250, 2009. (2) J. A. Herrera-Vásquez et al. Mycol. Res. 113:602, 2009. (3) T. Sasaya and H. Koganezawa. J. Gen. Plant Pathol. 72:20, 2006. (4) M. E. Stanghellini and I. J. Misaghi. Phytopathology 101:794, 2011.
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Montasser, M. S., M. E. Tousignant, and J. M. Kaper. "Viral Satellite RNAs for the Prevention of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) Disease in Field-Grown Pepper and Melon Plants." Plant Disease 82, no. 12 (December 1998): 1298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.12.1298.
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A benign viral satellite RNA, in combination with a mild strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-S), was used as a “vaccine” or “preinoculum” to demonstrate the feasibility of protecting pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. California Wonder) and melon (Cucurbita melo cv. Janus des Canaries) against two severe CMV strains, CMV-D and CMV-16, in the final 2 years of a 4-year pilot field and greenhouse experiment. In the field, healthy pepper and melon seedlings challenged with CMV-D and CMV-16 reduced yields by 33 to 60%; CMV-S caused only limited yield reduction in pepper and had no effect on the yield of melon. Different time intervals between preinoculation of pepper and melon seedlings with CMV-S and challenge inoculation with the severe CMV strains were tested. All plants challenged 3 weeks after vaccination showed nearly complete protection from subsequent infection by severe strains. The yield from preinoculated and challenged pepper plants was 80% that of untreated plants, while the yield from preinoculated and challenged melon plants was increased slightly over the untreated control plants. The use of this technology for biological control of plant viruses is discussed.
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Sousa, Valéria Fernandes de Oliveira, Caciana Cavalcanti Costa, Genilson Lima Diniz, João Batista dos Santos, and Marinês Pereira Bomfim. "Physiological behavior of melon cultivars submitted to soil salinity1." Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical 48, no. 3 (December 2018): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632018v4852495.
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ABSTRACT Melon is one of the most important vegetables for the Brazilian foreign trade. However, in semi-arid areas, the irregular rainfall, excessive use of fertilizers and, especially, poor quality water contribute to the soil salinization, becoming a limiting factor and damaging the photosynthetic apparatus, as well as affecting yield. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of melon cultivars submitted to soil salinity. For that, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a randomized block experimental design, in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with the first factor related to melon cultivars (Iracema, Goldex and Natal) and the second one related to soil salinity levels (0.3 dS m-1, 1.3 dS m-1, 2.3 dS m-1, 3.3 dS m-1 and 4.3 dS m-1 of electrical conductivity), with four replications. For soil salinization, a saturation extract with initial soil salinity of 0.3 dS m-1 was obtained, while the other levels were prepared by adding NaCl to the soil. The physiology of melon plants is negatively affected by the increased salinity in the soil. The evaluated cultivars do not show differences in tolerance for the physiological response to soil saline stress.
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Moura, M. C. F., I. S. A. Holanda, R. Sales Júnior, A. P. O. Queiroz, E. O. A. Araújo, G. D. C. Oliveira, G. H. S. Nunes, T. Nagata, and A. M. P. Negreiros. "First Report of Melon necrotic spot virus in Melon Plantations in Brazil." Plant Disease 102, no. 5 (May 2018): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-17-1391-pdn.
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JONES, PHILIP, SAEED BA ANGOOD, and JOHN M. CARPENTER. "Melon rugose mosaic virus, the cause of a disease of watermelon and sweet melon." Annals of Applied Biology 108, no. 2 (April 1986): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1986.tb07651.x.
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Pinheiro, Daniel Teixeira, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias, and Joyce de Oliveira Araújo. "Germination of melon seeds under water and thermal stress." Journal of Seed Science 39, no. 4 (December 2017): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v39n4188530.
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Abstract: Seeds vigor can influence seed performance under stress conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of water and thermal stress on germination and performance of melon seedlings, and to verify if germination under stress conditions is an efficient parameter to evaluate the vigor of these seeds. Four lots of ‘Golden Mine’ melon had their initial quality characterized by germination, first count, accelerated aging and seedling emergence tests. Germination under water stress was performed on a paper moistened with PEG 6000 solution at 0.06, -0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa. The percentage and speed of germination, length and dry mass of the seedlings were evaluated. For the thermal stress experiment, cold test and germination at sub- (15 ºC) and supra-optimal (35 ºC) temperatures were performed, as well as at the ideal temperature (25 ºC). The germination of melon seeds under water stress induced by PEG 6000 at -0.3 and -0.6 MPa is an efficient method to detect differences in the physiological potential of lots of melon seeds, but these differences disappear under severe water stress (-0.9 MPa). Germination under sub-optimal temperatures also allows to identify differences in seeds performance and to classify them according to the vigor level.
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Amorim, Daniel Vieira, Alessandro Carlos Mesquita, Lígia Borges Marinho, Vanuza De Souza, Saulo De Tarso Aidar, and Marília Mickaele Pinheiro Carvalho. "Gas exchanges of melon under water stress in the Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 41, no. 1 (May 24, 2019): 42686. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v41i1.42686.
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The current scenario of increased water scarcity is due to climate change and directly affects food production. It is thus necessary to develop strategies to mitigate the impacts of low water availability. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to evaluate the physiological behaviour of melon cultivars under water stress. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in the experimental Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley in the period ranging from October to December. In this study, we used the melon cultivars 'Amarelo' and 'Piel de Sapo'. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates that were subdivided into plots, where the plots were comprised of four irrigation rates (50, 75, 100, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration – CET), subplots were comprised of the two melon cultivars, and sub-subplots were comprised of samplings for physiological analyses (15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting). The parameters evaluated were stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, relationship CI/CA, and accumulated dry matter. Water stress reduced the stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, CI/CA, and accumulated dry matter. 'Piel de Sapo' showed a higher photosynthetic adjustment than 'Amarelo' melon due to the gas exchange behaviour of the former, and it was, therefore, more tolerant to water stress.
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Medeiros, Erika Valente de, Marcele de Cássia Henriques dos Santos Moraes, Diogo Paes da Costa, Gustavo Pereira Duda, Julyana Braga de Oliveira, Jenifer Sthephanie Araujo da Silva, José Romualdo de Sousa Lima, and Claude Hammecker. "Effect of biochar and inoculation with Trichoderma aureoviride on melon growth and sandy Entisol quality." June 2020, no. 14(6):2020 (June 20, 2020): 971–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.06.p2302.
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The melon belongs to the family of commercially important cucurbitaceous in the world. However, the production of this crop can be very problematic in some places due to management practices and the climatic instability. Amongst the different options available to overcome these obstacles, the use of biochar often promoted for providing multiple benefits to crops, could contribute in holding more water and nutrients in soil and therefore improve the plant growth. A second way to try to improve the plant development was to use Trichoderma (TRI) known as aiding in seed germination, and being an excellent biological control agent against plant pathogenic pests. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of the association of biochar and TRI on the initial growth of melon and the effects on the quality of a sandy Entisol. We quantified the effects of these associations through biometric growth in melon plants and chemical, microbial, and enzymatic activities of the biogeochemical cycles in the soil. An experiment in a completely of randomized design was performed in a factorial scheme (3 x 2 + 1) with three sources of biochar (bean husk (BH), coffee ground (CG), and coffee husk (CH)) inoculated with (T+) or without (T-) TRI and additional controls When the coffee grounds (CG) and bean husks (BH) biochar with T+ soil was inoculated, the fresh weight (number of leaves), dry weight, length (of roots and branch), soil acid and alkaline phosphatase, total organic carbon, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and pH were all increased. Moreover, T. aureoviride inoculated CG biochar compared to the control increased the shoot length and dry biomass of the melon plant in 30 and 22% between 22 and 30 %. The soil that received coffee husks (CH) biochar and T+ showed higher microbial biomass carbon. However, the melon plants responded more to the type of biochar than to the T. aureoviride inoculation, possibly due to the short growth time of melon. Results of BH biochar inoculated with T. aureviride in sandy soil showed improved efficiency on melon growth and increased soil quality.
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Yan, Lichun, Baishi Hu, Gong Chen, Mei Zhao, and Ron R. Walcott. "Further Evidence of Cucurbit Host Specificity among Acidovorax citrulli Groups Based on a Detached Melon Fruit Pathogenicity Assay." Phytopathology® 107, no. 11 (November 2017): 1305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-11-16-0416-r.
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Bacterial fruit blotch, caused by the gram-negative bacterium Acidovorax citrulli, is a serious economic threat to cucurbit crop production worldwide. A. citrulli strains can be divided into two genetically distinct groups, with group I strains infecting a range of cucurbit species and group II strains being predominantly associated with watermelon. Group I and II A. citrulli strains differ in their arsenal of type III secreted (T3S) effector proteins and we hypothesize that these effectors are critical for cucurbit host preference. However, the pathogenicity or virulence assays used for A. citrulli, including infiltration of seedling cotyledons and mature fruit rind tissues with cell suspensions and spray inoculation of seedlings, lack the sensitivity to consistently distinguish strains of the two groups. Here, we describe an immature, detached melon fruit assay based on ‘Joaquin Gold’ melon (Syngenta, Rogers Brand) that clearly indicates differences in host specificity between group I and II A. citrulli strains. Using this assay, four group I strains (M6, AAC213-52, AAC213-55, and XJL12) induced typical water-soaked lesions in melon fruit rind tissue 7 to 10 days after pinprick inoculation. In contrast, four group II strains (AAC00-1, AAC213-44, AAC213-47, and AAC213-48) did not induce water-soaked lesions on detached melon fruit rinds during the same period. These data suggest that group I A. citrulli strains have a specific capacity to infect immature Joaquin Gold melon fruit, whereas group II strains do not. Interestingly, this differential pathogenicity phenotype was not observed on foliar seedling tissues of the same melon cultivar, suggesting that host preference of A. citrulli strains is specific to immature fruit tissues. Using the immature melon fruit inoculation assay, a T3S system mutant of the group I A. citrulli strain, M6 (M6ΔhrcV), failed to induce water soaking. This indicates that T3S effectors are involved in A. citrulli cucurbit host preference, and that this assay is suitable for future studies of unique T3S effectors that distinguish group I and II strains.
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Albuquerque, Bárbara, Fernando C. Lidon, and M. Graça Barreiro. "A case study on the flavor properties of melon (Cucumis meloL.) cultivars." Fruits 61, no. 5 (September 2006): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2006032.
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Jordá, C., M. I. Font, P. Martínez-Culebra, and J. Tello. "Viral Etiology of Diseases Detected in Melon in Guatemala." Plant Disease 89, no. 3 (March 2005): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-0338a.
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At the beginning of 1999, 30 melon (Cucumis melo L.) plots on several farms (1,500 ha) in the Zacapa Valley of Guatemala were visited, and melon plants with two different symptomologies were observed. One group of plants exhibited stem necrosis at the crown level, and less frequently, small necrotic spots on leaves. Some plants exhibited necrosis of veins and yellow areas that evolved into interveinal necrosis and often expanded into large necrotic interveinal lesions. Roots were poor and lacked secondary rootlets. In some cases, wilt and plant death were detected. Affected plants appeared as localized patches in various areas of the plots on farms that were visited. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) serological analyses were carried out with 34 symptomatic plants. In these plants, a mixture of the crown and root were analyzed with two repetitions and two lots of different Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) polyclonal antisera (Loewe No. 07097 and Sanofi No. 70217). All 34 plants were positive for this virus. These results were confirmed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific MNSV primers (1). Spores of Olpidium bornovanus, the vector of MNSV, were seen on all ELISA-positive plants after staining rootlets with potassium hydroxide and neutralization with hydrochloric acid. In the same fields, another group of melon plants showed yellowing, curling, and mottling of leaves. Leaves collected from five symptomatic plants gave positive results in triple-antibody sandwich-ELISA using a Tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus antiserum (DSMZ AS-0421 and DSMZ AS-0546/2). In 2001, these results were confirmed using PCR with degenerate primers that amplify the core region of most begomovirus coat protein genes (P. Martínez-Culebras, M. I. Font, and C. Jordá, unpublished). A 560-bp DNA fragment was amplified in these symptomatic melon samples. Three of the PCR products were sequenced and each showed 99% identity with the Melon chlorotic leaf curl virus isolate from Guatemala (GenBank Accession No. AF325497). Only one mixed infection of MNSV and MCLCV was found. During the four years subsequent to 1999, the number of melon plants showing both types of symptoms has increased. This study provides information on the current status of virus diseases in melon crops in Guatemala, and to our knowledge, this is the first report of MNSV in Guatemala. Reference: (1) B. Gosalvez et al. J. Virol. Methods 113:87.
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Mahgoub, Hanan A., Catherine Wipf-Scheibel, Brigitte Delécolle, Michel Pitrat, Gasim Dafalla, and Hervé Lecoq. "Melon Rugose Mosaic Virus: Characterization of an Isolate from Sudan and Seed Transmission in Melon." Plant Disease 81, no. 6 (June 1997): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.6.656.
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Melon rugose mosaic virus (MRMV) was isolated from snake cucumber (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) in the Kassala region of Sudan in 1993. The host range of the virus was mostly limited to cucurbits, where it induced severe mosaic and leaf deformations. Cytopathological studies revealed severe chloroplast alterations, including vesicles at their periphery and the tendency to aggregate, which are typical of tymovirus infections, providing further evidence that MRMV is a tentative member of the genus Tymovirus. In melon and snake cucumber, MRMV was found to be seed transmitted at rates of 0.9 and 3.8%, respectively. Seed dissection experiments revealed that the virus could be detected in the seed coat, papery layer, and embryo. Seed disinfection treatments did not reduce seed transmission rates, which suggests an internal transmission. A preliminary screening for resistance in melon revealed some resistance in two out of 367 accessions tested.
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Herrero, M. L., R. Blanco, M. Santos, and J. C. Tello. "First Report of Phytophthora capsici on Cucumber and Melon in Southeastern Spain." Plant Disease 86, no. 5 (May 2002): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.558a.
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In autumn 1999, crown and root rot along with wilting of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were observed in greenhouses in southeastern Spain (Granada). Symptoms appeared again during the 2000 to 2001 growing season. In spring 2001, root and crown symptoms were observed also on melon (Cucumis melo L.) in greenhouses in another area of southeastern Spain (Almeria). Isolates from diseased plants from both locations were identified as Phytophthora capsici (Leonian). Isolates produced papillate sporangia of variable shape, some of them with two or three papilla. Sporangia were caducous with pedicels of variable lengths that could be longer than the sporangia. Three isolates were crossed with P. capsici strains of known mating type. All isolates produced amphigynous antheridia and were mating type A1. Isolates grew well at 35°C and did not produce chlamydospores. Pathogenicity was examined for one isolate from cucumber and one from melon. Cucumber and melon plants at the four-leaf stage and pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) plants at the five-leaf stage were inoculated with a mycelium suspension. Both isolates caused wilting and death of plants on the three host species tested. The pathogen was reisolated from roots and stems of diseased plants. To our knowledge, this is the first time P. capsici has been found on cucumber in Spain. It is also the first time P. capsici has been found on melon in the greenhouses of southeastern Spain, and the first time it has been reported to cause root and crown rot of melon. Previously, P. capsici has been reported to cause disease of field-grown melon (2) and greenhouse-grown pepper (Capsicum annum) (1) in eastern and southeastern Spain, respectively. References: (1) J. C Tello. Comun. INIA 22, 1984. (2) J. J. Tuset Barrachina. An. INIA 7:11, 1977.
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Khanom, M. Mahmuda, and Yoshinori Ueda. "Bioconversion of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols to their corresponding esters in melons (Cucumis melo L. cv. Prince melon and cv. Earl's favorite melon)." Postharvest Biology and Technology 50, no. 1 (October 2008): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2008.02.015.
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Feng, Jianjun, Erin L. Schuenzel, Jianqiang Li, and Norman W. Schaad. "Multilocus Sequence Typing Reveals Two Evolutionary Lineages of Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli." Phytopathology® 99, no. 8 (August 2009): 913–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-8-0913.
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Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch, has caused considerable damage to the watermelon and melon industry in China and the United States. Understanding the emergence and spread of this pathogen is important for controlling the disease. To build a fingerprinting database for reliable identification and tracking of strains of A. avenae subsp. citrulli, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was developed using seven conserved loci. The study included 8 original strains from the 1978 description of A. avenae subsp. citrulli, 51 from China, and 34 from worldwide collections. Two major clonal complexes (CCs), CC1 and CC2, were identified within A. avenae subsp. citrulli; 48 strains typed as CC1 and 45 as CC2. All eight original 1978 strains isolated from watermelon and melon grouped in CC1. CC2 strains were predominant in the worldwide collection and all but five were isolated from watermelon. In China, a major seed producer for melon and watermelon, the predominant strains were CC1 and were found nearly equally on melon and watermelon.
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Wallace, E., M. Adams, K. Ivors, P. S. Ojiambo, and L. M. Quesada-Ocampo. "First Report of Pseudoperonospora cubensis Causing Downy Mildew on Momordica balsamina and M. charantia in North Carolina." Plant Disease 98, no. 9 (September 2014): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-14-0305-pdn.
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Momordica balsamina (balsam apple) and M. charantia L. (bitter melon/bitter gourd/balsam pear) commonly grow in the wild in Africa and Asia; bitter melon is also cultivated for food and medicinal purposes in Asia (1). In the United States, these cucurbits grow as weeds or ornamentals. Both species are found in southern states and bitter melon is also found in Pennsylvania and Connecticut (3). Cucurbit downy mildew (CDM), caused by the oomycete Pseudoperonospora cubensis, was observed on bitter melon and balsam apple between August and October of 2013 in six North Carolina sentinel plots belonging to the CDM ipmPIPE program (2). Plots were located at research stations in Johnston, Sampson, Lenoir, Henderson, Rowan, and Haywood counties, and contained six different commercial cucurbit species including cucumbers, melons, and squashes in addition to the Momordica spp. Leaves with symptoms typical of CDM were collected from the Momordica spp. and symptoms varied from irregular chlorotic lesions to circular lesions with chlorotic halos on the adaxial leaf surface. Sporulation on the abaxial side of the leaves was observed and a compound microscope revealed sporangiophores (180 to 200 μm height) bearing lemon-shaped, dark sporangia (20 to 35 × 10 to 20 μm diameter) with papilla on one end. Genomic DNA was extracted from lesions and regions of the NADH dehydrogynase subunit 1 (Nad1), NADH dehydrogynase subunit 5 (Nad5), and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal RNA genes were amplified and sequenced (4). BLAST analysis revealed 100% identity to P. cubensis Nad1 (HQ636552.1, HQ636551.1), Nad5 (HQ636556.1), and ITS (HQ636491.1) sequences in GenBank. Sequences from a downy mildew isolate from each Momordica spp. were deposited in GenBank as accession nos. KJ496339 through 44. To further confirm host susceptibility, vein junctions on the abaxial leaf surface of five detached leaves of lab-grown balsam apple and bitter melon were either inoculated with a sporangia suspension (10 μl, 104 sporangia/ml) of a P. cubensis isolate from Cucumis sativus (‘Vlaspik' cucumber), or with water as a control. Inoculated leaves were placed in humidity chambers to promote infection and incubated using a 12-h light (21°C) and dark (18°C) cycle. Seven days post inoculation, CDM symptoms and sporulation were observed on inoculated balsam apple and bitter melon leaves. P. cubensis has been reported as a pathogen of both hosts in Iowa (5). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cubensis infecting these Momordica spp. in NC in the field. Identifying these Momordica spp. as hosts for P. cubensis is important since these cucurbits may serve as a source of CDM inoculum and potentially an overwintering mechanism for P. cubensis. Further research is needed to establish the role of non-commercial cucurbits in the yearly CDM epidemic, which will aid the efforts of the CDM ipmPIPE to predict disease outbreaks. References: (1) L. K. Bharathi and K. J. John. Momordica Genus in Asia-An Overview. Springer, New Delhi, India, 2013. (2) P. S. Ojiambo et al. Plant Health Prog. doi:10.1094/PHP-2011-0411-01-RV, 2011. (3) PLANTS Database. Natural Resources Conservation Service, USDA. Retrieved from http://plants.usda.gov/ , 7 February 2014. (4) L. M. Quesada-Ocampo et al. Plant Dis. 96:1459, 2012. (5) USDA. Index of Plant Disease in the United States. Agricultural Handbook 165, 1960.
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Kato, K., K. Handa, and M. Kameya-Iwaki. "Melon yellow spot virus: A Distinct Species of the Genus Tospovirus Isolated from Melon." Phytopathology® 90, no. 4 (April 2000): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2000.90.4.422.
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A tospovirus-like virus recovered from netted melon was transmitted by Thrips palmi in a persistent manner but had different cytopathological features from tospoviruses previously reported. Viral nucleocapsid (N) was purified with two protective reagents, 2-mercaptoethanol and L-ascorbic acid, and RNA extracted from the viral nucleocapsid was used for genomic analysis. The virus had a genome consisting of three single-stranded RNA molecules. The open reading frame on the viral complementary strand, located at the 3′ end of the viral S RNA, encoded the N protein. The 3′ terminus of this RNA also contained an eight-nucleotide sequence similar to the conserved sequence at the 3′ end of genomic RNA molecules of tospoviruses. These features of the viral genome are identical to those of tospoviruses; therefore, this virus is considered to belong to the genus Tospovirus. Its N protein comprised 279 amino acids and had a molecular mass of 31.0 kDa. Comparisons of its amino acid sequence with those of known tospoviruses revealed less than 60% identity. This melon virus is concluded to be a distinct species in the genus Tospovirus, and the name Melon yellow spot virus is proposed.
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Riley, David, Dean Batal, and David Wolff. "Resistance in Glabrous-type Cucumis melo L. to Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-36.1.46.
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In 1995, 15 melon cultigens, Cucumis melo L., were compared over planting dates and insecticide treatments in a split-split plot experiment for susceptibility to whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, damage. In this test, glabrous melons were found to reduce numbers of all stages of whiteflies on the crop. Glabrous occurred as a mutation in western U.S. shipping type cantaloupe, ‘SR91’. Glabrous was crossed with TAMSun (a commercial-type cantaloupe (or muskmelon) cultigen, C. melo Group Cantalapensis) to study the inheritance of resistance to Bemisia sp., examine the relationship between the glabrous leaf trait and whiteflies, and to begin development of a glabrous melon adapted to South Texas that is resistant to Bemisia. In 1996 and 1997, F2 glabrous and pubescent selections were compared to ‘Explorer’ and ‘Cruiser’ in imidacloprid-treated and non-treated main plots in a split-plot design. The F2 progeny were from a TAM Sun (selfed selection out of ‘Sunshine’, an F1 hybrid from Ferry Morse Seed Company) × ‘SR-91’ glabrous genotype (single gene recessive trait) cross, backcrossed to TAM Sun. Whitefly counts were made through the season and yield data were collected to measure plant response. The glabrous-leaf melons consistently had lower whitefly adult and nymph population densities than commercial pubescent-leafed cultigens. Also, the glabrous F2 was not significantly different in yield compared with two commercial cultigens. Glabrous-leaf melons had significantly shorter vine length and % sugars in the spring of 1997, but not in the fall of 1996. In 1998, the F3 of the same backcross was evaluated on plastic mulch beds under field conditions in Georgia and the F3 progeny was described.
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Zeng, R., F. M. Dai, W. J. Chen, and J. P. Lu. "First Report of Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus Infecting Melon in China." Plant Disease 95, no. 3 (March 2011): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-08-10-0613.
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In October 2007, symptoms of chlorosis on the upper leaves and a bright yellow color on the lower leaves were observed sporadically on hami melon (Cucumis melo cv. Xuelihong) in a high tunnel in Nanhui of Shanghai, China. Disease progresses from initial mottling of leaves into leaves that are completely yellow with the veins remaining green. The oldest leaves develop symptoms first, so these leaves have a pronounced even yellow color. In October 2009, these symptoms were found in all melons produced in the suburbs of Shanghai. These symptoms were similar to those caused by Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) and Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) (1–3). Twelve samples from symptomatic melons were collected in the Jiading, Nanhui, Fengxian, and Chongming districts of Shanghai for virus diagnosis. Large populations of whiteflies were observed in association with the diseased cucurbit crops. Total RNA was extracted with Trizol reagents (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). We used random primers (9-mer) for reverse transcription-PCR. Extracts were for CYSDV using specific primers CYSDV-CP-F (5′-ATGGCGAGTTCGAGTGAGAA-3′) and CYSDV-CP-R (5′-TCAATTACCACAGCCACCTG-3′) to amplify a 756-bp fragment of coat protein gene and CCYV using specific primers CCYV-HSP-F1 (5′-TGCGTATGTCAATGGTGTTATG-3′) and CCYV-HSP-R1 (5′-ATCCTTCGCAGTGAAAAACC-3′) to amplify a 462-bp fragment of the HSP gene (1). CYSDV was not found in all samples. The expected 462-bp target fragment of CCYV was obtained in all samples but not from any of the healthy controls. All the 462-bp PCR products were cloned to pGEM-T vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced. All sequences obtained were homologous. A comparison of the submitted sequence (GenBank Accession No. HQ148667) with those in GenBank showed that the sequence had 100% nucleotide identity to the Hsp70h sequences of (CCYV) isolates from Japan (Accession Nos. AB523789 and AB457591) (1,4), Taiwan (Accession No. HM120250) (2), and mainland of China (Accession Nos. GU721105, GU721108, and GU721110). CCYV is a new member of the genus Crinivirus, first discovered in Japan in 2004 (4) and reported in Taiwan in 2009 (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of CCYV on melon in China. References: (1) Y. Gyoutoku et al. Jpn. J. Phytopathol. 75:109, 2009. (2) L.-H. Huang et al. Plant Dis. 94:1168, 2010. (3) L. Z. Liu et al. Plant Dis.94:485, 2010. (4) M. Okuda et al. Phytopathology 100:560, 2010.
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Castellanos, M. T., M. C. Cartagena, F. Ribas, M. J. Cabello, A. Arce, and A. M. Tarquis. "Efficiency Indexes for Melon Crop Optimization." Agronomy Journal 102, no. 2 (March 2010): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2009.0286.
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Araujo, Elton Lucio, Carlos Henrique Feitosa Nogueira, Alexandre Carlos Menezes Netto, and Carlos Eduardo Souza Bezerra. "Biological aspects of the leafminer Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on melon (Cucumis melo L.)." Ciência Rural 43, no. 4 (April 2013): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782013000400003.
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The leafminer Liriomyza sativae Blanchard is an important insect pest on melon crops in Brazil. However, the information about its biology on melon (Cucumis melo L.) is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this research was to know some biological aspects of this pest, reared on melon plants, under laboratory conditions at 25°C. Our results showed that the biological cycle of L. sativae lasts 15.9±0.04 days (egg-adult), namely: egg (2.7±0.01 days), larva (4.1±0.03 days) and pupa (9.1±0.03 days). The sex ratio is 0.51 and the females live (19.3±1.09 days) longer than males (16.2±0.96 days). These results can help in the integrated management of L. sativae on melon crops and improve the systems for rearing this leafminer in laboratory.
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Lecoq, Hervé, Cécile Desbiez, Catherine Wipf-Scheibel, and Myriam Girard. "Potential Involvement of Melon Fruit in the Long Distance Dissemination of Cucurbit Potyviruses." Plant Disease 87, no. 8 (August 2003): 955–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.8.955.
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Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus(ZYMV) are potyviruses frequently reported in cucurbits in Mediterranean, subtropical, and tropical regions. Occasionally, epidemics are also observed in more temperate regions, but the ways these viruses are introduced into new areas are not yet fully determined. We investigated the possibility that infected imported melon fruit could be a route for the introduction of PRSV and ZYMV. Imported melon fruits of the yellow canary type infected by ZYMV and PRSV were exposed in the fields next to healthy melon or squash bait plants. During this period, aphids were observed landing and probing on the fruits. In four independent experiments using different fruits, 3.1 to 25% of bait plants were infected by ZYMV and/or PRSV. PRSV was more frequently transmitted to bait plants than ZYMV. Comparison of partial sequences of the isolates from fruits and from bait plants showed a very high, if not complete, identity within each experiment, confirming that a natural transmission did occur from the fruit to the bait plants. These results suggest that globalization of melon production and international trade may be a factor in the spread of cucurbit potyviruses between countries or continents.
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Daley, James, Sandra Branham, Amnon Levi, Richard Hassell, and Patrick Wechter. "Mapping Resistance to Alternaria cucumerina in Cucumis melo." Phytopathology® 107, no. 4 (April 2017): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-16-0246-r.
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Infection with Alternaria cucumerina causes Alternaria leaf blight (ALB), a disease characterized by lesion formation on leaves, leading to substantial yield and quality losses in Cucumis melo (melon). Although fungicides are effective against ALB, reduction in the frequency of application would be economically and environmentally beneficial. Resistant melon lines have been identified but the genetic basis of this resistance has not been determined. A saturated melon genetic map was constructed with markers developed through genotyping by sequencing of a recombinant inbred line population (F6 to F10; n = 82) derived from single-seed descent of a F2 population from a cross between the ALB-resistant parent MR-1 and the ALB-susceptible parent Ananas Yokneum. The population was evaluated for A. cucumerina resistance with an augmented block greenhouse study using inoculation with the wounded-leaf method. Multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping identified two QTL that explained 33.9% of variation in lesion area. Several candidate genes within range of these QTL were identified using the C. melo v3.5 genome. Markers linked to these QTL will be used to accelerate efforts to breed melon cultivars resistant to ALB.
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DERE, Sultan, Ayse COBAN, Yelderem AKHOUNDNEJAD, Suleyman OZSOY, and Hayriye Yildiz DASGAN. "Use of Mycorrhiza to Reduce Mineral Fertilizers in Soilless Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Cultivation." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 1331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha47411738.
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Intensive use of mineral fertilizers in soilless growing systems can have adverse effects on the environment and human health and could be economically expensive. Aim of this study was whether it can be reduced mineral nutrients in soilless grown melon by using mycorrhizae inoculation. The experiment has been carried out in the early spring growing period in a greenhouse in the Mediterranean climate. The eight treatments have been applied: (1) 100% Full nutrition (control), (2) 100% Full nutrition+mycorrhiza, (3) 80% nutrition, (4) 80% nutrition+mycorrhiza (5) 60% nutrition (6) 60% nutrition+mycorrhiza (7) 40% nutrition, (8) 40% nutrition+mycorrhiza. Effects of mycorrhiza on melon plant growth, yield, fruit quality, and leaf nutrient concentrations were investigated. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization is accompanied by plant growth increases in reduced nutrient levels. The mycorrhiza inoculation had a significant enhancing effect on total yield in soilless grown melon plants. The highest increasing effect on melon yield was observed in the “80% nutrient+mycorrhiza”, and AM- inoculated plants produced 49.5% higher melon yield (12.4 kg m-2) than that of control plants without mycorrhizae (8.3 k gm-2). AM-inoculation was also able to establish an improvement in Brix and EC of melon fruit. In the nutrient contents of leaves, there were slight increases in AM-inoculated plants, except P. The P content was significantly increased in AM-inoculated 80% nutrient plants as comparison to that of its control.
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PONTES, Felipe M., José D. A. SARMENTO, Naama J. De A. MELO, Erika V. De MEDEIROS, Patrícia L. D. MORAIS, and Glauber H. de S. NUNES. "Physical and chemical properties, pectinases activity, and cell wall pectin of Acidulus, Momordica, Inodorus and Cantalupensis melons with different ripening degree at harvest." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 12062. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha49212062.
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physical and chemical changes, pectinases activity, and cell wall pectin in melon varieties Acidulus (access 16), Momordica (access 2), Inodorus (cv. ‘Iracema’) and Cantalupensis (cv. ‘Olympic’), in the relation of ripening degree at harvest. Melon fruits were planted and evaluated with different ripening degree at harvest, from 15 to 35 days after anthesis (DAA). The fruits, arranged in a completely randomized design, had been evaluated on the harvest days to physical and chemical characteristics. We evaluate pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, beta-galactosidase, and pectin contents (water-soluble, chelate soluble, and sodium carbonate soluble). The ideal harvest for each melon was, 35 days after anthesis for cv ‘Iracema’, 30 days after anthesis for cv. ‘Olympic’, 30 days after anthesis for access 16, and 20 days after anthesis for access 2. High pulp firmness of access 16 is associated with the high levels of sodium carbonate soluble pectin and low levels of polygalacturonase and beta-galactosidase activity. Momordica melon fruit cracking is related to the high levels of pectinases activity, as well as pectin degradation.
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Gholamalizadeh, R., A. Vahdat, S. V. Hossein-Nia, A. Elahinia, and K. Bananej. "Occurrence of Ourmia melon virus in the Guilan Province of Northern Iran." Plant Disease 92, no. 7 (July 2008): 1135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-7-1135c.
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A survey was conducted in 2005 and 2006 in the major cucurbit-growing areas in Guilan Province (northern Iran). Leaf samples were collected from plants of melon (Cucumis melo L.) (n = 119) and squash (Cucurbita sp.) (n = 150) showing various virus-like symptoms (mosaic, yellowing, chlorotic spot, and irregular ring spot) on leaves. All samples collected from 16 different regions were screened for the presence of 10 cucurbit viruses by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using polyclonal antibodies provided by H. Lecoq (INRA, Avignon, France) and V. Lisa (CNR, Torino, Italy). Virus-free cucurbits (melon, squash, and cucumber) grown in insect-proof cages were used as negative controls. Positive and negative controls were included in all tests. Ourmia melon virus (OuMV, genus Ourmiavirus) was the most prevalent virus in melon and was detected in 59% of the samples. OuMV was also detected in 20 of 150 (13%) squash samples. OuMV was detected in 4 of the 16 areas surveyed (Rasht, Somehsara, Masal, and Rood-Bar). The identification of OuMV was confirmed through differential host range reaction. Crude sap from symptomatic leaves was used to inoculate Chenopodium quinoa and Gomphrena globosa as local lesion hosts. Squash, melon, and cucumber were subsequently inoculated by using a single local lesion. Typical yellowing and chlorotic spot symptoms were observed after 40 to 45 days on melon and squash and leaf curling was observed on Nicotiana rustica. The OuMV presence in these symptomatic test plants was confirmed by DAS-ELISA and the tests were negative with Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) antisera. No symptoms were observed on Datura stramonium, Capsicum annum, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Raphanus sativus, and Beta vulgaris, and OuMV was not detected by DAS-ELISA in these plants. Although showing no symptoms, OuMV-inoculated Vicia faba plants reacted positively in DAS-ELISA. The number of multiple infections of OuMV with other common cucurbit viruses was relatively high (46%), most frequently with ZYMV and CABYV. Since the first report of OuMV from melon in Azerbaijan-E-Gharbi Province, western Iran (1), there has been no report of OuMV occurrence in any other region of Iran or any other country in the world, and the sequence of OuMV remains to be determined. Our results show that OuMV is naturally spreading into other regions of Iran. Reference: (1) V. Lisa et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 112:291, 1988.