Academic literature on the topic 'Melon'
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Journal articles on the topic "Melon"
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Daryono, Budi Setiadi, Emy Setyani, Adhestya Alfiani, and Pungky Ramadhan Rivaldi. "Fruit characters of Cucumis melo L.: ‘tacapa green black’, ‘melona’ and ‘meloni’." Digital Press Life Sciences 1 (2018): 00003. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/digitalpress.21241.
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<p class="Abstract">Melon <span lang="IN">has high
demand</span>, but most of the Indonesian farmers <span lang="IN">planted
import seeds of melon</span> which has expensive price. Hence, Indonesia should produce high-quality melon seeds. This
research used three melon cultivars (<i>Cucumis melo </i>L.): ‘Tacapa Green
Black<span lang="IN"> (GB)</span>’, ‘Melona’, and ‘Meloni’ which are the
result of breeding in Genetic and Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah
Mada University. The purpose of this study is to describe<span lang="IN"> fruit</span> morphological characters of these melon
cultivar<span lang="IN">s</span>. ‘Tacapa <span lang="IN">GB’</span> is breeding result of Testcross<i> </i>♀ <span lang="IN">‘</span>Act3 434<span lang="IN">’</span> X F1 <span lang="IN">‘</span>PI 371795<span lang="IN">’</span>, ‘Melona’
is segregation<span lang="IN"> from ‘Luna’</span> and ‘Meloni’ is
breeding result of ♀ ‘SL-3’ X ♂ ‘PI 371795’. Seeds of ‘Tacapa <span lang="IN">GB’</span>, ‘Melona’
and ‘Meloni’ was planted. <span lang="IN">While
harvest</span>, these
melons w<span lang="IN">ere</span> measured, observed, and documented to obtain the quantity and
quality <span lang="IN">of fruit </span>characters. Data were analyzed and compared each other. The
results showed ‘Tacapa <span lang="IN">GB’</span> has weight average of 3<span lang="IN">.</span>2 kg, brix of 7–9, fruit shape's is oval, fruit color is
yellow-green, and rind color is dark green. ‘Melona' has weight average of 0<span lang="IN">.</span>8 kg, brix of 7–15, fruit color is orange, having lobes,
and sweet. ‘Meloni' has an oval shape, fruit color is pale yellow, the weight
of 1<span lang="IN">.</span>1 kg, brix of 8–16 and fragrant.<o:p></o:p></p>
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Cohen, R., C. Horev, Y. Burger, S. Shriber, J. Hershenhorn, J. Katan, and M. Edelstein. "Horticultural and Pathological Aspects of Fusarium Wilt Management Using Grafted Melons." HortScience 37, no. 7 (December 2002): 1069–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.7.1069.
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The effect of Cucurbita and melon rootstocks on the horticultural and pathological performance of grafted Fusarium-susceptible melons was studied in four field experiments conducted in Fusarium-infested and Fusarium-free soils. The melon/melon combinations performed better than the melon/Cucurbita combinations regarding yield and disease control. In the 1999 experiment conducted in infested soil, Fusarium wilt symptoms were observed only in the nongrafted susceptible melons whereas all grafted combinations were symptom-free. In the 2000 experiment, nongrafted susceptible melons were totally wilted, whereas disease incidence in the melon/melon combinations and in one of the melon/Cucurbita combinations was low. The response of grafted plants to Fusarium wilt was also affected by the susceptibility of the scion. Among nongrafted melon cv. Ananas Ein Dor and those grafted onto Brava rootstock, 82% and 20%, were diseased, respectively, compared with only 36% and 0%, of the nongrafted and grafted `Ofir' melons, respectively. Negligible quantities of fruit were harvested from the nongrafted plants grown in infested soil, whereas high and moderate yields were obtained from melons grafted onto melon and Cucurbita rootstocks, respectively. The yield of the nongrafted melons in Fusarium-free soils were similar to those of all the grafted plant combinations. Susceptible melon scions grafted onto resistant melon rootstocks were less colonized by F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis than the same melons grafted onto the Cucurbita rootstocks.
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Khomphet, Thanet, Athakorn Promwee, and Shams Shaila Islam. "Effects of foliar fertilizer application on the growth and fruit quality of commercial melon varieties grown in a soilless culture system." PeerJ 11 (February 21, 2023): e14900. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14900.
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Several factors influence the quality of melon fruits and foliar fertilizer application is one method for improving their quality. The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the response of commercial melon varieties to a soilless culture system in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand, and (2) to evaluate the quality of melon fruit under various foliar fertilizer treatments. The experiment was arranged as a completely randomized block design with four replications. Eight commercial melon varieties, including four orange pulp melons (Sandee, Baramee, Sanwan, and Melon cat 697) and four green pulp melons (Kissme, Snowgreen, Melon Princess, and Kimoji), were used in this study. At 1–5 weeks after planting, the growth of the melons was measured using agronomic traits. Four foliar fertilizers (distilled water, micronutrients, secondary nutrients + micronutrients, and amino acid + micronutrients) were sprayed on the melon leaves at 1–5 weeks after pollination, and the growth of the melons, using fruit traits, was recorded. After harvesting, the melons were assessed for the quality of the fruit. This study was conducted at the School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry’s greenhouse and the Food Chemistry Laboratory of the Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment, Walailak University. In nearly all of the observed growth weeks, the data demonstrate that most agronomic and fruit traits were significantly different between the melon varieties. Sandee, Baramee, Melon cat 697, and Melon Princess are recommended for planting under Nakhon Si Thammarat’s climate, based on fruit size and quality. Foliar fertilizer application impacted the shape, skin color, and quality of the melon. Melons treated with micronutrients, secondary nutrients and micronutrients, and amino acids and micronutrients exhibited better measures of fruit quality than those treated with non-foliar treatments. There was also an interaction observed between melon variety and foliar fertilizer application. Based on measures of fruit quality, Baramee, Melon cat 697, Kissme, and Melon Princess were more responsive to foliar fertilizer application than other melon varieties tested.
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Alhudzaifah, Azka Iklilah, Anwar Anwar, and Sri Maryati. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI BUAH-BUAHAN PADA SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA MATARAM." JURNAL AGRIMANSION 22, no. 2 (September 3, 2021): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/agrimansion.v22i2.621.
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This research aim to analyze the quantities of melon, factors that affect the demand of melon in Mataram City and the elasticity of demand for melons due to changes in price and income. This research was conducted by purposive sampling in Mandalika Market and Cakranegara Fruit Arena. The determination of respondents are divided into two categories were melon traders and consumers of melon, for melon traders to set the entire melon trades, while for consumers of melon was conducted by in quota sampling as much as 30 people. The results of this study showed: 1) The quantities of demand for melons per household in Mataram city in February was an average of 64.75 kg. 2) Factors that influence to the quantities of demand for melon in Mataram city was the price of melons. 3) Price elasticity to demand for melons in Mataram city was 1,295 (Eh > 1) (elastic) and this causes a rise in demand for melons as much as 1.295 kg if the price goes down by 1%, while the price elasticity of revenues was 0.343 (Ep < 1) (inelastic) and this causes a rise in demand for fruit melon as much as 0.343 kg if income rises by 1%.
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Alhudzaifah, Azka Iklilah, Anwar Anwar, and Sri Maryati. "ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI BUAH-BUAHAN PADA SKALA RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA MATARAM." JURNAL AGRIMANSION 22, no. 2 (September 3, 2021): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/agri.v22i2.621.
Full textAbstract:
This research aim to analyze the quantities of melon, factors that affect the demand of melon in Mataram City and the elasticity of demand for melons due to changes in price and income. This research was conducted by purposive sampling in Mandalika Market and Cakranegara Fruit Arena. The determination of respondents are divided into two categories were melon traders and consumers of melon, for melon traders to set the entire melon trades, while for consumers of melon was conducted by in quota sampling as much as 30 people. The results of this study showed: 1) The quantities of demand for melons per household in Mataram city in February was an average of 64.75 kg. 2) Factors that influence to the quantities of demand for melon in Mataram city was the price of melons. 3) Price elasticity to demand for melons in Mataram city was 1,295 (Eh > 1) (elastic) and this causes a rise in demand for melons as much as 1.295 kg if the price goes down by 1%, while the price elasticity of revenues was 0.343 (Ep < 1) (inelastic) and this causes a rise in demand for fruit melon as much as 0.343 kg if income rises by 1%.
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Daryono, Budi Setiadi. "“LANTPYCATION” : METODE BARU BUDIDAYA MELON (Cucumis melo L.) RAMAH LINGKUNGAN." Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika dan IPA 7, no. 1 (November 2, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jpmipa.v7i1.17342.
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Jamusan village is one of the areas that becomes the center of melon production at Prambanan subdistrict, Sleman, Yogyakarta. However, at this moment, the villagers of Jamusan still encountered many obstacles in melon farming. This is caused by the poor quality of the melon, crops that have not been handled well and the lack of farmer’s knowledge about the management after harvesting, melon production that is not absorbed by the market. LANTPYCATION Program (Plant, Apply, and Diversification) aims to provide knowledge about quality and good management of the melons in the form of processed product diversification melon. The method applied in the implementation of this program which begins with socialization, counseling, training in management and cultivation of melons, good governance, advocacy and marketing of melon processed product. The result of the implementation of this method showed the increase of farmer’s knowledge about good quality melon, farm management and procedures for the proper cultivation of melons in creating diversificated processed melon to improve the welfare of villagers Jamusan.It could be revealed that LANTPYCATION Program is a new method on sustainable agriculture of melon cultivation in Indonesia. Keywords:Melon, Melon cultivation, Diversification processed melon.
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Yunusov, Salohiddin, Sanjarbek Sadullayev, Guzal Khaitboyeva, and Maftuna Sharipova. "Selection of high-yielding, disease-resistant, promising, and export-oriented varieties of melons." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 03044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338903044.
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In the top melon-producing nations in the world, numerous scientific research are being carried out to develop types that are suited for growing melons at various times, particularly in isolated and protected places, and to advance cultivation techniques. The technology to grow melons in greenhouses throughout the winter and varieties appropriate for growth in greenhouses have been developed in a number of nations, and ultra-fast and exportable melon types are now being cultivated. Increasing the melon gene pool and its export potential by increasing the variety of exportable cultivars is one of the critical issues of the present. In this research paper, high-yielding, high-quality melon varieties are investigated by the means of selection of high-yielding, disease-resistant, promising and exportable melon varieties of the Khorezm oasis. For the investigation, 8 different melon varieties such as Ko’k Gulobi, Khan qizi, Non go’sht, To’yona, Bijir. Bashak, Qari qiz and L oybek are selected. In relation to standard melon variety, L Oybek melon variety showed higher field germination rate, tasting value, yield and percentage of commodity yield share in comparison with other selected melon varieties. The experimental variety test of melons of Khorezm oasis was conducted in 2018-2019. At the Khorezm Scientific Experimental Station of the Scientific Research Institute of Vegetables, Melons and Potatoes, varieties of melons with high-yielding, high-quality characteristics were studied..
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Ishak, Muhammad Alif, and Budi Setiadi Daryono. "Detection of Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene in Melon Cultivar Meloni Based on SCAR Markers." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 12, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v12i1.22198.
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Powdery mildew is one of the diseases caused by fungal infections that can reduce the production of melon fruit worldwide including in Indonesia. A powdery mildew-resistant cultivar of melon is needed to increase melon yield crops. This study aimed to detect resistance gene linked to powdery mildew using a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The melon cultivar Meloni was used in this study. SL-3, PI 371795, and Aramis cultivar were used to compare. Amplification of the marker was performed employing a pair of primers. The result showed that Meloni had a powdery mildew resistance gene by the presence of a DNA target band at 1058 base pair (bp). Based on this result, it could be concluded that Meloni was an excellent melon cultivar because of its ability to overcome the powdery mildew infections naturally. SCAR markers have been used for various purposes, especially to detect resistance genes to plant diseases. The present study had provided information for plant breeders about Meloni as the new melon cultivar that was genetically resistant against powdery mildew infections. Furthermore, Meloni could be proposed as an alternative to native Indonesian superior melon seeds.
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Wiratara, P. R. W., B. S. Daryono, and Supriyadi. "Physiological properties of novel melon cultivars (cv. Meloni and cv. Tacapa Green Black) during storage." Food Research 7, no. 4 (August 18, 2023): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.7(4).841.
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Melon (Cucumis melo L.) has polymorphic varieties that affect genetic diversity. Melon cv. Meloni and cv. Tacapa Green Black are new cultivars produced by Universitas Gadjah Mada. The information about respiration rate, volatile compounds, and firmness, including the impact on storage time of those novel cultivars, is not available yet. This work aimed to investigate the respiration rate, volatile compounds, and firmness of melon cv. Meloni and Tacapa Green Black during 20 days of storage at a temperature of 21°C. Based on respiration rate measurement, melon cv. Meloni and cv. Tacapa Green Black are classified into climacteric and non-climacteric fruit, respectively. The volatile compounds were extracted using solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It identified more than seventy volatile compounds in melon cv. Meloni, whereas only 20 volatile compounds were found in cv. Tacapa Green Black at harvest time and altered during storage. Melon cv. Meloni has a highly aromatic volatile compound but short shelf life according to firmness. Whereas cv. Tacapa Green Black could be stored until 20 days in form shape but lacking volatile compounds. Melon cv. Meloni and cv. Tacapa Green Black has good potential and could be a promising commercial horticultural product.
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Wahyudi, Wahyudi, Evi Andriani, and Ana Nurmelia. "PENDAPATAN DAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN PETANI MELON DI KABUPATEN SELUMA." AGRITEPA: Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37676/agritepa.v7i1.999.
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This study aims to determine the income and marketing strategies of melon farmers in Seluma Regency. The study was conducted in July 2019. The population in this study amounted to 20 melon farmers. The type of data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Data analysis methods used in this study are quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis is used to calculate the level of income of melon cultivation with the calculation of farm income analysis. Meanwhile, qualitative analysis is used to determine the development strategy of melon cultivation using SWOT analysis.
From this research, the average income of melon farmers in Seluma District was Rp 9,835,112,500 with an income of Rp 13,527,800,000 and expenditure costs of Rp 3,692,687,500. The strategy used in improving the marketing of melons is to sell melons with various processed variants of melons, marketing melons can be done with a partnership system, creating special transportation facilities in the process of melon distribution and increasing sales by adding product innovation
Keywords : Melon, Revenue, Marketing strategy
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Melon"
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Aggelis, Alexandros. "Gene expression in ripening melon (Cucumis melo L.)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319646.
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Klingler, John Paul. "Phenotypic and molecular-genetic analysis of resistance to Aphis gossypii (cotton-melon aphid) in Cucumis melo (melon)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283992.
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Aphis gossypii Glover (cotton-melon aphid) is a major pest of agriculture worldwide. Cucumis melo L. (melon) possesses monogenic resistance to this aphid, and is a good model for the study of aphid resistance mechanisms in plants. This dissertation presents analyses of the effects of the resistance gene on A. gossypii, and of the gene's effects on biochemical and molecular-genetic properties of melon plants. Nearly isogenic lines (NILs) of melon, either resistant or susceptible to A. gossypii, were compared for their influence on aphid life history traits and feeding behavior. The resistance trait delayed development, increased mortality, and markedly decreased reproduction of aphids confined to leaves of resistant plants. Aphids on resistant plants salivated into phloem sieve elements significantly longer, and were less likely to begin sap ingestion after salivation, suggesting that the resistance factor acts within phloem sieve elements. Biochemical properties of callose synthase were compared between NILs to test the hypothesis that callose deposition plays a role in the resistance mechanism. No differences were detected between resistant and susceptible melon genotypes with respect to callose synthase subunit abundance or in vitro enzyme activity. Sixty-four F₃ families from a melon mapping population were tested for aphid resistance to place the resistance locus on a genetic map of the melon genome. Four molecular markers were found to be linked to the aphid resistance phenotype. The name Agr ( Aphis gossypii resistance) is proposed for this locus. The closest flanking markers were positioned at 4.3 and 7.0 cM from Agr. Evidence suggests Agr might be a member of the nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) family of plant resistance genes, which are known to cluster in plant genomes. Melon genomic DNA sequences homologous to this gene family were isolated to test the hypothesis that Agr is an NBS-LRR homolog. Two of these sequences were tested for genetic linkage to Agr in a population of F₂ plants segregating for the resistance trait. DNA gel blot analysis determined that one sequence, NBS-2, is approximately 2.7 cM distant from Agr, which suggests Agr resides in a cluster of NBS-LRR homologs and could be a member of this gene family.
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Francis, Andrew M. "belt melon grass." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3885.
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This essay was written largely after the completion of my thesis exhibition which shares its title. An integral aspect of the work was the after-hours maintenance it required. Below I describe the unforeseen personal significance that labor came to hold and the way in which it functioned as a healing ritual. Through this work, and those leading up to it, I have a reinvigorated awareness of the importance of therapy as an aspect of my artmaking, of which this thesis is a testament.
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Clark, L. J., R. Walser, and E. W. Carpenter. "Melon Variety Trial." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220394.
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Seven cantaloupe varieties and two Honeydew melon varieties were grown in a replicated small plot trial on the Safford Agricultural Center in 1998. Varieties were picked regularly during the growing season. Yields are shown in tabular form to indicate how each variety performed during the season.
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Jinqiang, Yan. "Study of the resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus aggressive strains in the melon (Cucumis melon L.) accession PI 161375." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666767.
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L’accessió exòtica de meló PI 161375 cultivar Songwhan Charmi (SC) presenta resistència a la major part de soques de Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). S’ha descrit que la resistència a soques del subgrup II de CMV és recessiva i que està controlada pel gen cmv1, que és capaç d’evitar l’entrada del virus al floema mitjançant una restricció a nivell de les cèl·lules de la beina. Aquesta restricció depèn de la proteïna de moviment (MP) viral, que és el determinant de la virulència. Per tenir resistència a la soca CMV-M6, pertanyent al subgrup I, a part de cmv1, també es requereixen dos altres QTLs: cmvqw3.1 i cmvqw10.1. No obstant, una soca més agressiva del subgrup I, CMV-FNY, és capaç de superar la resistència conferida per cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1. Aquesta tesis té com objectius (i) identificar altres QTLs responsables de la resistència a CMV-FNY, (ii) caracteritzar la resistència conferida pels QTLs cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1, i (iii) identificar els factors de virulència implicats en aquests tres QTLs. L’anàlisi de QTLs es va dur a terme mitjançant diverses poblacions F2 obtingudes del creuament entre les línies resistents a CMV-FNY, DHL142 i DHL69, i línies susceptibles. Es van detectar alguns possibles QTLs d’efecte menor als LG II, LG IX, LG X i LG XII. No obstant, cap d’aquests QTLs va ser reproduïble a les diferents poblacions avaluades, ni pels diferents mètodes de fenotipat utilitzats. Un cop avaluat el sistema d’anàlisi de QTLs emprat es va demostrar que aquest no havia estat l’apropiat per QTLs d’efecte menor. Probablement el factor limitant hauria estat la robustesa de l’avaluació fenotípica de la infecció en poblacions F2. L’estudi de la resistència, conferida per combinacions de dos o tres QTLs, va mostrar que malgrat les plantes s’acabaven infectant per CMV-FNY, hi havia un retard en la infecció, indicant que la resistència intervé restringint el moviment viral. Més endavant es va demostrar que la restricció actua a nivell de l’entrada al floema, enlloc d’intervenir a nivell del moviment del virus un cop dins del floema. Així doncs, cmvqw3.1 i cmvqw10.1 actuen dificultant el moviment de CMV-FNY al mateix punt de la infecció viral on ho fa cmv1 amb CMV-LS.
La generació de pseudorecombinants entre CMV-FNY / CMV-M6 i CMV-FNY / CMV-LS va demostrar que el determinant de la virulència no es troba al RNA3.
Aquests resultats suggereixen que la resistència a CMV de l’accessió SC es construeix mitjançant diferents nivells, essent cmv1 el primer nivell conferint resistència envers el subgrup II; el segon nivell cmvqw3.1 i cmvqw10.1 conferint una resistència eficient envers CMV-M6; i un tercer nivell on altres QTLs encara per determinar serien necessaris
per conferir una resistència eficient a CMV-FNY. Actualment, sabem que els dos primers nivells de resistència estarien actuant restringint l’entrada de CMV al floemaLa accesión de melón exótico PI 161375, cultivar Songwhan Charmi (SC) es resistente a la mayoría de las cepas de Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). La resistencia a las cepas del subgrupo II de CMV es recesiva y controlada por el gen cmv1, que es capaz de prevenir la entrada del virus en el floema deteniéndolo en las células de la vaina que rodean la vena. Esta restricción depende de la proteína de movimiento (MP), el determinante de la virulencia frente a este gen. Para resistir a la cepa CMV-M6, del subgrupo I, se requieren dos QTL más, cmvqw3.1 y cmvqw10.1, funcionando en colaboración con cmv1. Sin embargo, CMV-FNY, una cepa más agresiva del subgrupo I, es capaz de superar la resistencia conferida por cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1. En esta tesis, nuestro objetivo es (i) identificar los QTL adicionales responsables de la resistencia a CMV-FNY, (ii) caracterizar la resistencia conferida por los QTL cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1 e (iii) identificar los factores de virulencia involucrados con estos QTL. El análisis de QTL se abordó desarrollando varias poblaciones F2 entre las líneas DHL142 o DHL69, resistentes a CMV-FNY, y varias líneas de melón susceptibles a CMV-FNY, donde se detectaron varios QTL menores en LG II, LG IX, LG X y LG XII. Sin embargo, ninguno de estos QTLs fue detectado reproduciblemente en varias poblaciones F2, ni utilizando diferentes métodos de fenotipado, lo que indicó que nuestro sistema de detección de QTL no es apropiado para detectar QTLs menores. El factor limitante más probable puede ser la dificultad del fenotipado de la infección para la detección de QTLs en una población F2. El estudio de la resistencia conferida por combinaciones de dos o los tres QTL mostró que, aunque las plantas eran susceptibles a CMV-FNY, hubo un retraso en la infección, lo que indica que la resistencia implica una restricción del movimiento viral. Un análisis posterior mostró que la restricción funcionaba al nivel de la entrada al floema, más que al nivel del movimiento dentro del floema. Por lo tanto, esto indica que cmvqw3.1 y cmvqw10.1 están dificultando el movimiento de CMV-FNY en el mismo paso de la infección viral donde cmv1 restringe CMV-LS. Los pseudorecombinantes generados entre CMV-FNY / CMV-M6 y entre CMV-FNY / CMV-LS demostraron que el determinante de virulencia no mapeaba en el RNA3. Tomados en conjunto, nuestros resultados sugieren que la resistencia al CMV en la accesión SC está formada por una serie de niveles de resistencia, siendo cmv1 el primer nivel, efectivo contra las cepas del subgrupo II; el segundo nivel, formado por cmvqw3.1 y cmvqw10.1, que cooperarían con cmv1 para proporcionar resistencia frente a CMV-M6; y el tercer nivel sería el QTL no identificado aún, necesario para la resistencia frente a CMV-FNY. En la actualidad, sabemos que los dos primeros niveles de resistencia estarían participando en la restricción de la entrada de CMV al floema.
The exotic melon accession PI 161375 cultivar Songwhan Charmi (SC) shows resistance to most of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strains. The resistance to CMV subgroup II strains was reported as recessive, controlled by the gene cmv1 which is able to prevent the phloem entry of the virus by restricting it in the bundle sheath cells. This restriction depends on the movement protein (MP), the determinant of virulence. Two more QTLs, cmvqw3.1 and cmvqw10.1 are required, working together with cmv1, for the resistance to the subgroup I strain CMV-M6. However, CMV-FNY, a more aggressive strain from subgroup I, was able to overcome the resistance conferred by cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1. In this thesis we aim to (i) identify the additional QTLs responsible for the resistance to CMV-FNY, (ii) characterize the resistance conferred by the QTLs cmv1/cmvqw3.1/cmvqw10.1 and (iii) identify the virulence factors involved with these QTLs. QTL analysis was addressed developing several F2 populations made between the CMV-FNY-resistant lines DHL142, DHL69 and several CMV-FNY-susceptible melon lines. Several putative minor QTLs were detected in LG II, LG IX, LG X and LG XII. However, none of these QTLs were reproducibly detected neither in several F2 populations nor using different methods of phenotyping. The evaluation of our QTL detecting system indicated that it is not appropriate for detecting minor QTL, being the most probable limiting factor the correct phenotyping of the infection for QTL detection in a F2 population. The study of the resistance conferred by combinations of two or the three QTLs showed that, although the plants were susceptible to CMV-FNY, there was a delay in the infection, indicating that the resistance involves a restriction of the viral movement. Further analysis showed that the restriction worked at the level of phloem entry, rather than at the level of movement within the phloem. Therefore, this indicates that cmvqw3.1 and cmvqw10.1 are impairing CMV-FNY movement at the same step of the viral infection where cmv1 restricts CMV-LS. Pseudorecombinants generated between CMV-FNY / CMV-M6 and between CMV-FNY / CMV-LS demonstrated that the determinant of virulence was not mapped in RNA3. Taken together, our results suggest that the resistance to CMV in SC accession is built by a series of resistance layers, being cmv1 the first layer, against subgroup II strains; the second layer, cmvqw3.1 and cmvqw10.1, that provide efficient resistance to CMV-M6; and the third layer being the unknown QTL, necessary for efficient resistance to CMV-FNY. At present, we know that the first two layers of resistance would be working in the restriction of CMV entry to the phloem.
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Lemhemdi, Afef. "Caractérisation de réseaux des gènes qui contrôlent l’initiation du fruit chez le melon (Cucumis melo)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS121.
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Les analyses du profil d’expression par qRT-PCR des gènes candidats, ont montré que ARF19 a le profil le plus intéressant pour la parthénocarpie, chez le melon et le concombre. Ces analyses montrent aussi que la pollinisation induit, uniquement, l'expression de GA20oxydase(1) et le GA20oxydase(5). En absence de la pollinisation, presque tous les GA2oxydases sont exprimés. L’étude globale du transcriptome par RNA-seq a permis d’identifier des gènes qui pourraient avoir un rôle de régulateurs négatifs ou positifs dans l’initiation du fruit chez le melon. L’étude de la matrice des gènes liés à la division cellulaire montre que leur expression est élevée dans les ovules et le péricarpe à l’anthèse et au stade fécondé.Les données montrent aussi que le développement du fruit est régulé en grande partie par des facteurs de transcription. L'analyse génétique de phénotypage systématique a permis d’identifier FS1, le premier candidat pour la parthénocarpie facultative chez le melonAnalyzes of candidates genes expression profile by qRT-PCR shown that ARF19 has the most interesting profile for parthenocarpy for melon and cucumber. These analyze show that the pollination induces the expression of GA20oxydase(1) and GA20oxydase(5). In the absence of pollination, almost all GA2oxydases are expressed. The study of the transcriptome by RNA-seq identifies genes which have a role of negative or positive regulators in the fruit initiation of melon. The study of genes matrix of cell division shows that their expression is high in ovules and pericarp at anthesis and fertilized stage. The data show that fruit development is largely regulated by transcription factors. Systematic phenotyping genetic analysis identified FS1 the first candidate for facultative parthenocarpy in melon
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Cadete, Ana Prata Loureiro. "Qualidade de 13 cultivares de melão (Cucumis melo L.) do tipo Branco do Ribatejo e Pele de Sapo em Évora, Almeirim e Amareleja." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4170.
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Mestrado em Engemharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaIn order to develop technical guidelines for melons production with the objective to obtain high quality fruits, 13 melon cultivars (Cucumis melo L.) var. Inodorous, were evaluated. ‘Lusíada’, ‘Lusitano’, ‘HB06921’ and ‘HB71506’ are white melons and ‘Iberico’, ‘5 Jotas’, ‘Fitor’, ‘Havana’, ‘Hidalgo’, ‘Kanela’, ‘Ruidere’, ‘Sancho’ and ‘Seda’ are Pele de Sapo type or green melons. The trials were located at Évora, Almeirim, Amareleja regions, with different soil and climate conditions and dissimilar production techniques. Melons were evaluated regarding their physical characteristic as weight, length, diameter, firmness and colour and chemical parameters as total soluble solids (TSS- ºBrix), titratable acidity, vitamin C and total phenols. Altogether Pele de Sapo melons produced in Amareleja obtained the highest Brix 13.7% in average, and the sweetest melons were ‘Hidalgo’ with an average Brix of 15.7% and ‘Ruidere’ with 15.5%. The Brix of the white melons produced in Almeirim did not exceed, 12% and the fruits considered unmarketable by Pingo Doce. Vitamin C and total phenols content was not different between cultivars or locals, accounting for 17 mg and 34,4 mg, per 100 g of edible part, respectively
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Lignou, Stella. "Optimisation of flavour in long shelf-life varieties of melon (Cucumis melo L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558737.
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This dissertation presents a study on the optimisation of flavour in long shelf-life varieties of melon (Cucumis melo L.). The aim of this research is to better understand the changes which take place during storage of different varieties and to identify flavoursome varieties that are more likely to give extended shelf life. Flavour is extremely important in the eating quality of fruit; however, it may be compromised in delivering yield and shelf-life, leading to general customer dissatisfaction. As a result, there is a challenge in the fresh-fruit industry to produce extended shelf-life varieties with excellent flavour quality. Flavour is complex and is both defmed by taste and aroma components, and the interactions of the two. The metabolites responsible can be non-volatile compounds, such as sugars and organic acids that influence the basic taste of sweet and sourness respectively, volatile metabolites which define the aroma qualities of the fruit, and semi-volatile metabolites which can act as either taste or aroma components. Overall, in melon there is not a single compound that defmes melon flavour but the flavour profile contains several classes of " aroma compounds. Esters, contribute to the desirable, sweet and fruity notes; sulfur- containing compounds to either cheesy or green/mushroom notes; aldehydes and alcohols with short alkyl chains to malty and butterscotch notes and those with longer alkyl chains to green and fatty notes. Both sensory and instrumental analysis revealed that harvest maturity, as well as duration of storage, had a significant effect on the levels of these compounds. Mature fruit exhibited high quantities of esters and higher scores for desirable sensory characteristics (e.g. sweet, floral, honey, strawberries odour and taste-flavour). The levels of the majority of esters (including diacetates) increased during storage whereas those of the other classes of compounds increased, decreased or remained constant. Comparison of medium shelf-life (MSL) and long shelf-life (LSL) genotypes indicated that MSL genotypes generally exhibited higher levels of potentially desirable compounds. However, in a study of different genotypes a flavoursome LSL genotype was found which had a profile of flavour compounds that was comparable with the profile of desirable MSL genotypes. This could meet consumers' requirements in terms of appearance, flavour and texture. Future research involving sensory evaluation and consumer study of this particular genotype could provide information about consumer acceptability and preference of this genotype.
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Sagot, Emeric. "Etude physiologique, biochimique, moléculaire et agronomique du stress salin chez le melon (Cucumis melo L. )." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2352.
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Chaque année sur son site de Malaga (Espagne), certaines parcelles de la société Rouge-Gorge, qui produit des melons, subissent une perte de rendement de 5 tonnes/ha. Des analyses indiquent que ces parcelles ont une teneur élevée en ion Na+ dans le sol et dans l’eau d’irrigation. Les problèmes de stress salin sont très étudiés sur de nombreuses espèces d’intérêt agronomique, mais aucune étude n’a encore été menée sur le melon. Un long travail préliminaire a permis de mettre en place les différents outils indispensables pour la suite (notamment la mise au point du système de culture reproduisant ce stress). Les résultats obtenus montrent que lors d’un stress salin, chez cette variété de melon, il y a activation des systèmes de production des AOS (NADPH oxydases), mais pas des mécanismes de détoxication (peroxydases). Il y a aussi activation de la galactinol synthase et accumulation de sucres (stachyose en particulier) dans les feuilles. Un traitement à l’acide ascorbique permet de restaurer, en grande partie, le rendement. Ce traitement influe négativement sur l’état d’activation des NADPH oxydases, positivement sur les peroxydases et négativement sur le niveau d’expression de la galactinol synthase. L’accumulation des sucres dans les feuilles est aussi diminuée. La présence d’éléments de réponse (NFkb et AP-1 like) au potentiel redox sur le promoteur de la galactinol synthase permet de lier le stress salin (qui favorise la production d’ AOS) à la perte de rendement (due à l’accumulation de sucre dans les feuilles). La vitamine C en limitant la production d’AOS permet aussi d’atténuer l’effet du stress salin sur la planteThe company which funded this work cultivates melon in 3 different places: in the Center West and South East in France, as well as in South of Spain. In this third location, the proximity of the sea, and the irrigation technique make the water salty (approximatively 30 mM NaCl in water and soil extract). This NaCl concentration decreases the growth of melon plants and the yield from 13 tons/ha to 8 tons/ha. The present work begun with the preparation of the tools needed for further experiments, especially the culture systems. A publication of Shalata and Neumann (Shalata and Neumann, 2001) shows that an exogenous application of ascorbic acid could increase salt tolerance in tomato. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid during hydroponic culture of melon improved salt tolerance in melon, and allowed a partial recovery of yield (near 20% more than in salt stress plant without ascorbic acid). Biochemical evidences shows that NADPH oxidases , but not peroxidases, are activated during salt stress. Addition of ascorbic acid (0,5 mM) in the medium prevented the activation of NADPH oxidases and increased the activity of peroxidases. RNA blot experiments revealed activation of galactinol synthase gene, which encodes a key enzyme of stachyose synthesis. Stachyose is the major transported sugar in melon. The activation of this gene probably creates a metabolic deviation and contributes to the loss of yield. The promoter of galactinol synthase contains a NFkB response box, which senses redox status of the cell. The relationship between ascorbic acid and galactinol synthase is not fully understood, but it is still under investigation in the lab. Field experiments confirmed that AA increases salt tolerance
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Fave, Céline. "Effets de la température et de l'humidité relative de l'air sur les flux d'eau, de calcium et de potassium vers le fruit de melon (Cucumis melo L. )." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR20613.
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Les modes de transport du Ca au sein du plant de melon et les accumulations d’eau, de matière sèche, de Ca et de K dans le fruit et les effets de facteurs climatiques ont été étudiés. Pour des études à court terme, une méthode de marquage non isotopique, basée sur l’utilisation des mimétiques respectifs du Ca et du K, respectivement le Sr et le Rb, a été mise au point. L’accumulation de Ca dans les feuilles est liée à la vitesse de transpiration des plantes, elle-même contrôlée par l’humidité relative de l’air. En outre, on n’observe aucun mouvement du Ca indépendant du flux d’eau dans des tiges excisées. Le Ca accumulé dans les feuilles peut être réexporté vers d’autres organes. Lorsque la vitesse de croissance est accélérée, l’accumulation de Ca dans le fruit est ralentie et la production de melon vitreux plus élevée. A court terme, l’humidité relative n’a pas d’effet sur les importations de Ca (Sr) et de K (Rb) dans le fruit, neuf jours après pollinisation. Les flux xylémien et phloémien alimentant le fruit et leur composition ont été analysés. La sève phloémienne de melon est pauvre en carbone et implique des entrées d’eau dans le fruit largement supérieures aux besoins du fruit, pour satisfaire la croissance et la transpiration. Ces entrées de sève phloémienne massives suggèrent un retour, du fruit vers la plante, de l’eau en excès via le xylème. L’ensemble de nos résultats ont été intégrés dans un schéma de synthèse résumant les effets des conditions climatiques affectant la migration du Ca des racines vers le fruit et pouvant favoriser l’apparition de la vitrescence.
Books on the topic "Melon"
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Melon. London: Methuen, 1987.
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Macoun, W. T. Melon culture. [Canada?: s.n., 1997.
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Grais, Ran. Kaḥol-melon. Tel-Aviv: Saʻar, 1996.
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Edelist, Ran. Melon Paleśtinah. [Tel Aviv]: Modan, 1986.
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Chow, Cara. Bitter melon. New York: Scholastic, 2011.
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Frąś, Jacek. Melon: Pretensje. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo WAB - Grupa Wydawnicza Foksal, 2020.
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Franks, Jo. Melon greats. Australia?]: Jo Franks, 2013.
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Water melon. Dublin: Poolbeg, 1996.
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Edelist, Ran. Melon Paleśtinah. [Tel Aviv]: Modan, 1986.
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Chow, Cara. Bitter melon. New York: Egmont USA, 2011.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Melon"
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Nonaka, Satoko, and Hiroshi Ezura. "Melon (Cucumis melo)." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 195–203. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1658-0_16.
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Christophe, Wiart. "Melon (Cucumis melo L.)." In Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the World for Aging, 131–32. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003301455-51.
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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "melon." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 347. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_6414.
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Daryono, Budi Setiadi, Aestethica El Virdausy, and Eka Wasi’ Al-Mughni. "Phenotypic Characters Stability of Melon (Cucumis melo L. Meloni Cultivar)." In Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference on Tropical Agriculture, 141–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97553-5_14.
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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Cucumis melo var. agrestis (Wild melon)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 702. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_1051.
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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Cucumis melo var. flexuosus (Snake melon)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 702–5. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_271.
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Lim, T. K. "Cucumis melo L. (Reticulatus Group) ‘Hami melon’." In Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants, 231–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1764-0_36.
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Chikh-Rouhou, H., W. Abdedayem, I. Solmaz, N. Sari, and A. Garcés-Claver. "Melon (Cucumis melo L.): Genomics and Breeding." In Smart Plant Breeding for Vegetable Crops in Post-genomics Era, 25–52. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5367-5_2.
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Casacuberta, Josep, Pere Puigdomènech, and Jordi Garcia-Mas. "The Melon Genome." In Genetics and Genomics of Cucurbitaceae, 173–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7397_2016_5.
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Crato, Nuno. "The Melon Paradox." In Figuring It Out, 205–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04833-3_49.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Melon"
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Qozoqov, Tohirjon. "DESCRIPTION OF THE CAPITAL OF UMARSHEIKH MIRZA IN "BABURNAMA"." In The Impact of Zahir Ad-Din Muhammad Bobur’s Literary Legacy on the Advancement of Eastern Statehood and Culture. Alisher Navoi' Tashkent state university of Uzbek language and literature, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/bobur.conf.2023.25.09/ymwj6333.
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Babur in his work "Boburnoma" mentioned about Akhsi in many places. In particular, he writes that Umarsheikh Mirza made Akhsi the capital: "Umarsheikh Mirza made Muni the capital. Melon is good. I have a kind of melon called "Mir Temuri", but the melon is not known in the world, Bukhara melon is famous. In the old town of Samarkand, Akhsidin and Bukharodin melons were brought to a meeting, and there was no proportion of Akhsi melons" [Boburnoma 1989, 8].
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Wang, Qipeng, Mengwei Xu, Chao Jin, Xinran Dong, Jinliang Yuan, Xin Jin, Gang Huang, Yunxin Liu, and Xuanzhe Liu. "Melon." In MobiSys '22: The 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3498361.3538928.
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Saputri, Avia Purnama, Wiko Arif Wibowo, and Budi Setiadi Daryono. "Phenotypical characters and biochemical compound of cucurbitacin melon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Gama Melon Parfum’) resulted from breeding." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ICBS 2019: “Biodiversity as a Cornerstone for Embracing Future Humanity”. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0017615.
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Suslova, V. A., M. S. Kornilova, and E. A. Galichkina. "Result of breeding work to create promising new variety of melon ‘Katyusha’." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-77.
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This article provides brief information about melon varieties, presents the results of testing promising breeding varieties of the Bykovskaya experimental station. As a result of three-year research, promising new high-yielding (up to 25.7 t/ha) melon variety ‘Katyusha’ was identified. The average fruit weight over three years reached 2.8 kg. Tasting score was 4.5 points. According to our studies, 2019 was the most favorable year for the cultivation of melon variety ‘Katyusha’, since it exceeded the yield of standard one during the years of research. Thus, ‘Katyusha’ deserves its proper place on the market.
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Zulfikar, Muhammad, Faiza Senja Widya, Wiko Arif Wibowo, Budi Setiadi Daryono, and Slamet Widiyanto. "Antioxidant activity of melon fruit (Cucumis melo L. ‘GMP’) ethanolic extract." In THE 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE ICBS 2019: “Biodiversity as a Cornerstone for Embracing Future Humanity”. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0015748.
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Muhammadi, Amir, and Budi Setiadi Daryono. "Phenotypic Characters Stability of Melon (Cucumis melo L. ‘Kinaya’)." In 7th International Conference on Biological Science (ICBS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.220406.043.
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Yakimova, O. V., and V. E. Lazko. "THE USE OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERIC FILM AND SECONDARY CELLULOSE AS A MULCHING MATERIAL ON THE MELON SOWINGS OF THE VARIETY STRELCHANKA." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-278-283.
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We studied the use of the secondary cellulose and biodegradable polymeric film for soil mulching on the summer sowings of the melon variety Strelchanka. We noted the efficiency of the use of mulching material in levelling out the temperature fluctuations, protecting the root system of plants from overheating and in developing the favorable conditions for soil moistening. The analysis of the obtained results showed a significant increase in the productivity of melon fruits by 0.93 t/ha (+15.9 %) in comparison with the control variant, on which we used the standard technology. The mulching increased the accumulation of dry soluble substances in the flesh of melon fruits. The mulch from the secondary cellulose did not create any obstacles for carrying out agrotechnical measures for tillage after harvesting and removing the drip tape.
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Pahlevanyan, Armenuhi, Zara Harutyunyan, Raya Balayan, Alvina Avagyan, Anna Hakobyan, and Iryna Vardanian. "Use of in vitro culture in the breeding of melon Cucumis melo." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: VETERINARY MEDICINE, AGRICULTURE, ENGINEERING AND ECOLOGY” (VMAEE2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0148766.
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Aninkan, Anjola S., and Eyitayo A. Makinde. "Fertilizer Rate for Optimum Growth and Yield of Egusi Melon (ColocynthiscitrullusL.)/ Hot Pepper (Capsicum chinense, Jackquin cv. rodo) Intercrop." In International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2021.005.
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The use of chemical fertilizers as a supplemental source of nutrients has been on the increase but they are not applied in balanced proportion by most farmers [1]. Also, fertilizer requirements of the mixed intercropping systems have been a matter of conjecture; some studies had suggested that fertilizer requirements of the dominant component be applied [2], others recommend that the sum of the sole crop requirements, be applied [3]. Teriah [4], however, stated that both practices have proved either inadequate or wasteful. In this experiment the effects of different rates of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer application on growth and yield of hot pepper and Egusi melon in an intercropping system was examined to determine optimum rate for production. The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, in the south western part of Nigeria. It took place from March to October 2017 during the growing season. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 5 treatments (fertilizer rates) and 3 replicates. Treatments were; 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha of NPK 15-15-15 applications. Plot size was 3m by 3m with a 1.5m gang way round each plot to reduce inter-plot effect. Data were collected on growth parameters at 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) and continued at two-week intervals until 10 WAT. Four plants each of pepper and Egusi melon from the inner rows were randomly selected and tagged for the purpose of data collection. Data on yield were also collected at ripening. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out on each observation and the Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used for means separation (P≤0.05). The effects of fertilizer rates showed significant difference on pepper plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and leaf area. However, there was no significant difference in the effect of fertilizer rate on days to 50% flowering of pepper. Number of vines and vine length of Egusi melon were significantly different in their responses to fertilizer rates but the leaf area and days to 50% flowering of melon were similar at the various treatment levels. Meanwhile, total fruit yield of pepper, number of Egusi melon pods per hectare and the dry matter yield of Egusi melon showed significant difference. It was concluded from the study that the growth and yield of pepper and Egusi melon in intercrop increased with increase in fertilizer rate up to 400Kg/ha of NPK (15:15:15). However, higher fertilizer application rates should be explored in future studies for a better yield increase. These studies should be carried out with various compositions of inorganic and organic fertilizer application rates to ensure sustainable fertilizer application and to also preserve the natural fertility of the soil.
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Baviera-Puig, Amparo, Tomás Baviera, Carmen Escribá-Pérez, and Juan Buitrago-Vera. "EFFECT OF FRUIT ORIGIN ON CONSUMERS’ CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY AND PURCHASE INTENTION." In 13th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2023“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2023.1051.
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Recently, researchers have developed an interest in the analysis of emotional responses to food. For this reason, the use of implicit (non-verbal) measures to assess consumer response is increasing. In this research, the objective is to find out if there were differences in consumer response (conscious and unconscious) to melon of various origins: Spain, Morocco and Brazil. To do this, we used the biometric measures (Electroencephalography (EEG) and Skin Conductance Response (SCR)) and questionnaires to assess various melon attributes. The results reveal that consumers do not respond differently to fruit from different origins, either consciously or unconsciously.
Reports on the topic "Melon"
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Katzir, Nurit, James Giovannoni, Marla Binzel, Efraim Lewinsohn, Joseph Burger, and Arthur Schaffer. Genomic Approach to the Improvement of Fruit Quality in Melon (Cucumis melo) and Related Cucurbit Crops II: Functional Genomics. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592123.bard.
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Background: Genomics tools for enhancement of melon research, with an emphasis on fruit, were developed through a previous BARD project of the PIs (IS -333-02). These included the first public melon EST collection, a database to relay this information to the research community and a publicly available microarray. The current project (IS-3877- 06) aimed to apply these tools for identification of important genes for improvement of melon (Cucumis melo) fruit quality. Specifically, the research plans included expression analysis using the microarray and functional analyses of selected genes. The original project objectives, as they appeared in the approved project, were: Objective 1: Utilization of a public melon microarray developed under the existing project to characterize melon transcriptome activity during the ripening of normal melon fruit (cv. Galia) in order to provide a basis for both a general view of melon transcriptome activity during ripening and for comparison with existing transcriptome data of developing tomato and pepper fruit. Objective 2: Utilization of the same public melon microarray to characterize melon transcriptome activity in lines available in the collection of the Israeli group, focusing on sugar, organic acids and aroma metabolism, so as to identify potentially useful candidates for functional analysis and possible manipulation, through comparison with the general fruit development profile resulting from (1) above. Objective 3: Expansion of our existing melon EST database to include publicly available gene expression data and query tools, as the US group has done with tomato. Objective 4: Selection of 6-8 candidate genes for functional analysis and development of DNA constructs for repression or over-expression. Objective 5: Creation of transgenic melon lines, or transgenic heterologous systems (e.g. E. coli or tomato), to assess putative functions and potential as tools for molecular enhancement of melon fruit quality, using the candidate gene constructs from (4).
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Cohen, Roni, Kevin Crosby, Menahem Edelstein, John Jifon, Beny Aloni, Nurit Katzir, Haim Nerson, and Daniel Leskovar. Grafting as a strategy for disease and stress management in muskmelon production. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613874.bard.
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The overall objective of this research was to elucidate the horticultural, pathological, physiological and molecular factors impacting melon varieties (scion) grafted onto M. cannonballus resistant melon and squash rootstocks. Specific objectives were- to compare the performance of resistant melon germplasm (grafted and non-grafted) when exposed to M. cannoballus in the Lower Rio Grande valley and the Wintergarden, Texas, and in the Arava valley, Israel; to address inter-species relationships between a Monosporascus resistant melon rootstock and susceptible melon scions in terms of fruit-set, fruit quality and yield; to study the factors which determine the compatibility between the rootstock and the scion in melon; to compare the responses of graft unions of differing compatibilities under disease stress, high temperatures, deficit irrigation, and salinity stress; and to investigate the effect of rootstock on stress related gene expression in the scion. Some revisions were- to include watermelon in the Texas investigations since it is much more economically important to the state, and also to evaluate additional vine decline pathogens Didymella bryoniae and Macrophomina phaseolina. Current strategies for managing vine decline rely heavily on soil fumigation with methyl bromide, but restrictions on its use have increased the need for alternative management strategies. Grafting of commercial melon varieties onto resistant rootstocks with vigorous root systems is an alternative to methyl bromide for Monosporascus root rot/vine decline (MRR/VD) management in melon production. Extensive selection and breeding has already produced potential melon rootstock lines with vigorous root systems and disease resistance. Melons can also be grafted onto Cucurbita spp., providing nonspecific but efficient protection from a wide range of soil-borne diseases and against some abiotic stresses, but compatibility between the scion and the rootstock can be problematic. During the first year experiments to evaluate resistance to the vine decline pathogens Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella bryoniae, and Macrophomina phaseolina in melon and squash rootstocks proved the efficacy of these grafted plants in improving yield and quality. Sugars and fruit size were better in grafted versus non-grafted plants in both Texas and Israel. Two melons (1207 and 124104) and one pumpkin, Tetsukabuto, were identified as the best candidate rootstocks in Texas field trials, while in Israel, the pumpkin rootstock RS59 performed best. Additionally, three hybrid melon rootstocks demonstrated excellent resistance to both M. cannonballus and D. bryoniae in inoculated tests, suggesting that further screening for fruit quality and yield should be conducted. Experiments with ABA in Uvalde demonstrated a significant increase in drought stress tolerance and concurrent reduction in transplant shock due to reduced transpiration for ‘Caravelle’ plants. In Israel, auxin was implicated in reducing root development and contributing to increased hydrogen peroxide, which may explain incompatibility reactions with some squash rootstocks. However, trellised plants responded favorably to auxin (NAA) application at the time of fruit development. Gene expression analyses in Israel identified several cDNAs which may code for phloem related proteins, cyclins or other factors which impact the graft compatibility. Manipulation of these genes by transformation or traditional breeding may lead to improved rootstock cultivars. Commercial applications of the new melon rootstocks as well as the ABA and TIBA growth regulators have potential to improve the success of grafted melons in both Israel and Texas. The disease resistance, fruit quality and yield data generated by the field trials will help producers in both locations to decide what rootstock/scion combinations will be best.
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Perl-Treves, Rafael, M. Kyle, and Esra Galun. Development and Application of a Molecular Genetic Map for Melon (Cucumis melo). United States Department of Agriculture, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568094.bard.
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This project has generated a systematic survey of DNA polymorphism in Cucumis melo. An RFLP and RAPD survey of the major cultivar groups and botanical varieties of this species has been conducted, with the purpose of assessing the degree of molecular variation and phylogenetic relationships within the melon germplasm and, at the same time, develop sets of markets suitable for mapping the melon genome. Additional activities regarding variation in the melon germplasm in fruit traits and regeneration ability have been initiated as well. The necessary populations required for the development of a molecular map of the C. melo genome have been prepared. An F2 that segregated for 4 viral resistances, powdery mildew resitance and sex type has been derived from a PI 414723 x Topmark cross, and a RILs population has been prepared from it. We have confirmed the resistances in the population and have analyzed the genetic relationships between these resistances. Progress toward the construction of a molecular map of C. melo and the development of markers linked to those traits is described. We have so far screened the first few tens of markers in the F2 population, and many additional ones were screened in DNA bulks prepared from such population.
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Katzir, Nurit, James Giovannoni, and Joseph Burger. Genomic approach to the improvement of fruit quality in melon (Cucumis melo) and related cucurbit crops. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587224.bard.
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Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic traits that affect taste, aroma, texture, pigmentation, nutritional value and duration of shelf-life. The molecular basis of many of these important traits is poorly understood and it’s understanding offers an excellent opportunity for adding value to agricultural products. Improvement of melon fruit quality was the primary goal of the project. The original objectives of the project were: The isolation of a minimum of 1000 fruit specific ESTs. The development of a microarray of melon fruit ESTs. The analysis of gene expression in melon using melon and tomato fruit enriched microarrays. A comprehensive study of fruit gene expression of the major cucurbit crops. In our current project we have focused on the development of genomics tools for the enhancement of melon research with an emphasis on fruit, specifically the first public melon EST collection. We have also developed a database to relay this information to the research community and developed a publicly available microarray. The release of this information was one of the catalysts for the establishment of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative (ICuGI, Barcelona, Spain, July 2005) aimed at collecting and generating up to 100,000 melon EST sequences in 2006, leveraging a significant expansion of melon genomic resources. A total of 1000 ESTs were promised under the original proposal (Objective 1). Non-subtracted mature fruit and young fruit flesh of a climacteric variety in addition to a non-climacteric variety resulted in the majority of additional EST sequences for a total of 4800 attempted reads. 3731 high quality sequences from independent ESTs were assembled, representing 2,467 melon unigenes (1,873 singletons, 594 contigs). In comparison, as of June 2004, a total of 170 melon mRNA sequences had been deposited in GENBANK. The current project has thus resulted in nearly five- fold the number of ESTs promised and ca. 15-fold increase in the depth of publicly available melon gene sequences. All of these sequences have been deposited in GENBANK and are also available and searchable via multiple approaches in the public database (http://melon.bti.cornell.edu). Our database was selected as the central location for presentation of public melon EST data of the International Cucurbit Genomic Initiative. With the available unigenes we recently constructed a microarray, which was successfully applied in hybridizations (planned public release by August 2006). Current gene expression analyses focus on fruit development and on comparative studies between climacteric and non-climacteric melons. Earlier, expression profiling was conducted using macroarrays developed at the preliminary stage of the project. This analysis replaced the study of tomato microarray following the recommendations of the reviewers and the panel of the original project. Comparative study between melon and other cucurbit crops have begun, mainly with watermelon, in collaboration with Dr. Amnon Levi (USDA-ARS). In conclusion, all four objectives have been addressed and achieved. In the continuation project that have been approved we plan to apply the genomic tools developed here to achieve detailed functional analyses of genes associated with major metabolic pathway.
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Grumet, Rebecca, Rafael Perl-Treves, and Jack Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Cucumis Reproduction - from Sex Expression to Fruit Set. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696533.bard.
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Reproductive development is a critical determinant of agricultural yield. For species with unisexual flowers, floral secualdifferentation adds additional complexity, that can influenec productivity. The hormone ethylene has long, been known to play a primary role in sex determination in the Cucumis species cucumber (C. sativus) and melon (C. melo). Our objectives were to: (1) Determine critical sites of ethylene production and perception for sex determination; (2) Identify additional ethylene related genes associated with sex expression; and (3) Examine the role of environment ami prior fruit set on sex expression, pistillate flower maturation, and fruit set. We made progress in each of these areas. (1) Transgenic melon produced with the Arabidopsis dominant negative ethylene perception mutant gene, etrl-1, under the control of floral primordia targeted promoters [AP3 (petal and stamen) and CRC (carpel and nectary)], showed that ethylene perception by the stamen primordia, rather than carpel primordia, is critical for carpel development at the time of sex determination. Transgenic melons also were produced with the ethylene production enzyme gene. ACS, encoding l-aminocyclopropane-lcarboylate synthase, fused to the AP3 or CRC promoters. Consistent with the etr1-1 results, CRC::ACS did not increase femaleness; however, AP3::ACS reduced or eliminated male flower production. The effects of AP3:ACS were stronger than those of 35S::ACS plants, demonstratin g the importance of targeted expression, while avoiding disadvantages of constitutive ethylene production. (2) Linkage analysis coupled with SNP discovery was per formed on ethylene and floral development genes in cucumber populations segregating for the three major sex genes. A break-through towards cloning the cucumber M gene occurred when the melon andromonoecious gene (a), an ACS gene, was cloned in 2008. Both cucumber M and melon a suppress stamen development in pistillate flowers. We hypothesized that cucumber M could be orthologous to melon a, and found that mutations in CsACS2 co-segregated perfectly with the M gene. We also sought to identify miRNA molecules associated with sex determination. miRNA159, whose target in Arabidopsis is GAMYB[a transcription factor gene mediating response to10 gibberellin (GA)], was more highly expressed in young female buds than male. Since GA promotes maleness in cucumber, a micro RNA that counteracts GAMYB could promote femaleness. miRNA157, which in other plants targets transcription factors involved in flower development , was expressed in young male buds and mature flower anthers. (3) Gene expression profiling showed that ethylene-, senescence-, stress- and ubiquitin-related genes were up-regulated in senescing and inhibited fruits, while those undergoing successful fruit set up-regulated photosynthesis, respiration and metabolic genes. Melon plants can change sex expression in response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in yield potential. Unique melon lines with varying sex expression were developed and evaluated in the field in Hancock, Wisconsin . Environmental changes during the growing season influenced sex expression in highly inbred melon lines. Collectively these results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression. The fact that both cucumber sex loci identified so far (F and M) encode isoforms of the same ethylene synthesis enzyme, underscores the importance of ethylene as the main sex determining hormone in cucumber. The targeting studies give insight into developmental switch points and suggest a means to develop lines with earlier carpel-bearing flower production and fruit set. These results are of significance for understanding regulation of sex expression to facilitate shorter growing seasons and earlier time to market. Field results provide information for development of management strategies for commercial production of melon cultivars with different sex expression characteristics during fruit production.
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Badami, Kaswan, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Achmad Amzeri, and Syaiful Khoiri. COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROTIC STUDIES ON HYBRID MELON (Cucumis melo L.) POPULATIONS FOR FRUIT YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.3.
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In different crop plants, combining ability and heterosis are used as important diagnostic tools for assessing the performance of parental genotypes and their hybrids. This research aimed to evaluate heterotic and combining ability effects in the diallel crosses of melon (Cucumis melo L.) for yield- and quality-related traits. Seven melon (C. melo L.) genotypes were grown and crossed in a complete diallel fashion to produce F1 hybrids. During the 2019 crop season, 49 melon genotypes (7 parents + 42 F1 hybrids) were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Observations were made for seven characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant (P ≤ 0.01) differences among the melon genotypes for harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit diameter and merely significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) for fruit weight. Combining ability analysis revealed that mean squares due to general combining ability (GCA) were significant for fruit diameter but were nonsignificant for all other traits. However, mean squares due to specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. The parental genotypes PK-165, PK-464, and PK-669 exhibited the highest and desirable GCA effects for yield and quality traits. Hence, these genotypes could be used to generate high-yielding hybrid/open-pollinated cultivars. GCA:SCA ratios further revealed that the traits of harvest age, fruit flesh thickness, fruit total soluble solids, fruit length, and fruit weight were controlled by dominant gene action, whereas fruit diameter was managed by additive and dominant genes. The majority of the traits were controlled by nonadditive gene action, verifying that the said breeding material could be efficiently used for the production of hybrid cultivars on the basis of heterotic effects.
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Gur, Amit, Edward Buckler, Joseph Burger, Yaakov Tadmor, and Iftach Klapp. Characterization of genetic variation and yield heterosis in Cucumis melo. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600047.bard.
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Project objectives: 1) Characterization of variation for yield heterosis in melon using Half-Diallele (HDA) design. 2) Development and implementation of image-based yield phenotyping in melon. 3) Characterization of genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional variation across 25 founder lines and selected hybrids. The epigentic part of this objective was modified during the course of the project: instead of characterization of chromatin structure in a single melon line through genome-wide mapping of nucleosomes using MNase-seq approach, we took advantage of rapid advancements in single-molecule sequencing and shifted the focus to Nanoporelong-read sequencing of all 25 founder lines. This analysis provides invaluable information on genome-wide structural variation across our diversity 4) Integrated analyses and development of prediction models Agricultural heterosis relates to hybrids that outperform their inbred parents for yield. First generation (F1) hybrids are produced in many crop species and it is estimated that heterosis increases yield by 15-30% globally. Melon (Cucumismelo) is an economically important species of The Cucurbitaceae family and is among the most important fleshy fruits for fresh consumption Worldwide. The major goal of this project was to explore the patterns and magnitude of yield heterosis in melon and link it to whole genome sequence variation. A core subset of 25 diverse lines was selected from the Newe-Yaar melon diversity panel for whole-genome re-sequencing (WGS) and test-crosses, to produce structured half-diallele design of 300 F1 hybrids (MelHDA25). Yield variation was measured in replicated yield trials at the whole-plant and at the rootstock levels (through a common-scion grafted experiments), across the F1s and parental lines. As part of this project we also developed an algorithmic pipeline for detection and yield estimation of melons from aerial-images, towards future implementation of such high throughput, cost-effective method for remote yield evaluation in open-field melons. We found extensive, highly heritable root-derived yield variation across the diallele population that was characterized by prominent best-parent heterosis (BPH), where hybrids rootstocks outperformed their parents by 38% and 56 % under optimal irrigation and drought- stress, respectively. Through integration of the genotypic data (~4,000,000 SNPs) and yield analyses we show that root-derived hybrids yield is independent of parental genetic distance. However, we mapped novel root-derived yield QTLs through genome-wide association (GWA) analysis and a multi-QTLs model explained more than 45% of the hybrids yield variation, providing a potential route for marker-assisted hybrid rootstock breeding. Four selected hybrid rootstocks are further studied under multiple scion varieties and their validated positive effect on yield performance is now leading to ongoing evaluation of their commercial potential. On the genomic level, this project resulted in 3 layers of data: 1) whole-genome short-read Illumina sequencing (30X) of the 25 founder lines provided us with 25 genome alignments and high-density melon HapMap that is already shown to be an effective resource for QTL annotation and candidate gene analysis in melon. 2) fast advancements in long-read single-molecule sequencing allowed us to shift focus towards this technology and generate ~50X Nanoporesequencing of the 25 founders which in combination with the short-read data now enable de novo assembly of the 25 genomes that will soon lead to construction of the first melon pan-genome. 3) Transcriptomic (3' RNA-Seq) analysis of several selected hybrids and their parents provide preliminary information on differentially expressed genes that can be further used to explain the root-derived yield variation. Taken together, this project expanded our view on yield heterosis in melon with novel specific insights on root-derived yield heterosis. To our knowledge, thus far this is the largest systematic genetic analysis of rootstock effects on yield heterosis in cucurbits or any other crop plant, and our results are now translated into potential breeding applications. The genomic resources that were developed as part of this project are putting melon in the forefront of genomic research and will continue to be useful tool for the cucurbits community in years to come.
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Katzir, Nurit, Rafael Perl-Treves, and Jack E. Staub. Map Merging and Homology Studies in Cucumis Species. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575276.bard.
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List of original objectives (1) Construct a saturated map of melon, using RFLP, SSR, RAPD and Inter-SSR genetic markers. (2) Study the homology between the genomes of cucumber and melon. (3) Add to the Cucumis map, biologically important genes that had been cloned in other plant systems. Background Cucumber and melon are important vegetable crops in Israel and the US. Genome analysis of these crops has lagged behind the major plant crops, but in the last few years genetic maps with molecular markers have been developed. The groups that participated in this program were all involved in initial mapping of cucurbit crops. This grant was meant to contribute to this trend and promote some of the more advanced applications of genome analysis, i.e., map saturation and comparative mapping between cucurbit species. Major achievements The main achievements of the research were (a) the construction of melon maps that include important horticultural traits and Resistance Gene Homologues, (b) the development of approximately 200 SSR markers of melon and cucumber, (c) the preliminary map merging of melon maps and of comparative mapping between melon and cucumber. Implications As a result of this program, we have a good estimate of the applicability of different types or markers developed in one cucurbit species to genetic mapping in other species. Since the linkage groups of melon and cucumber can now be related to each other, future identification of important genes in the two crops will be facilitated. Moreover, the further saturation of the maps with additional markers will now allow us to target several disease resistance loci, horticultural traits for marker-assisted selection, fine mapping and positional cloning.
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Li, Li, Joseph Burger, Nurit Katzir, Yaakov Tadmor, Ari Schaffer, and Zhangjun Fei. Characterization of the Or regulatory network in melon for carotenoid biofortification in food crops. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594408.bard.
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The general goals of the BARD research grant US-4423-11 are to understand how Or regulates carotenoid accumulation and to reveal novel strategies for breeding agricultural crops with enhanced β-carotene level. The original objectives are: 1) to identify the genes and proteins in the Or regulatory network in melon; 2) to genetically and molecularly characterize the candidate genes; and 3) to define genetic and functional allelic variation of these genes in a representative germplasm collection of the C. melo species. Or was found by the US group to causes provitamin A accumulation in chromoplasts in cauliflower. Preliminary genetic study from the Israeli group revealed that the melon Or gene (CmOr) completely co-segregated with fruit flesh color in a segregating mapping population and in a wide melon germplasm collection, which set the stage for the funded research. Major conclusions and achievements include: 1). CmOris proved to be the gene that controls melon fruit flesh color and represents the previously described gflocus in melon. 2). Genetic and molecular analyses of CmOridentify and confirm a single SNP that is responsible for the orange and non-orange phenotypes in melon fruit. 3). Alteration of the evolutionarily conserved arginine in an OR protein to both histidine or alanine greatly enhances its ability to promote carotenoid accumulation. 4). OR promotes massive carotenoid accumulation due to its dual functions in regulating both chromoplast biogenesis and carotenoid biosynthesis. 5). A bulk segregant transcriptome (BSRseq) analysis identifies a list of genes associated with the CmOrregulatory network. 6). BSRseq is proved to be an effective approach for gene discovery. 7). Screening of an EMS mutation library identifies a low β mutant, which contains low level of carotenoids due to a mutation in CmOrto produce a truncated form of OR protein. 8). low β exhibits lower germination rate and slow growth under salt stress condition. 9). Postharvest storage of fruit enhances carotenoid accumulation, which is associated with chromoplast development. Our research uncovers the molecular mechanisms underlying the Or-regulated high level of carotenoid accumulation via regulating carotenoidbiosynthetic capacity and storage sink strength. The findings provide mechanistic insights into how carotenoid accumulation is controlled in plants. Our research also provides general and reliable molecular markers for melon-breeding programs to select orange varieties, and offers effective genetic tools for pro-vitamin A enrichment in other important crops via the rapidly developed genome editing technology. The newly discovered low β mutant could lead to a better understanding of the Or gene function and its association with stress response, which may explain the high conservation of the Or gene among various plant species.
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Perl-Treves, Rafael, Rebecca Grumet, Nurit Katzir, and Jack E. Staub. Ethylene Mediated Regulation of Sex Expression in Cucumis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586536.bard.
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Monoecious species such as melon and cucumber develop separate male and female (or bisexual) flowers on the same plant individual. They display complex genetic and hormonal regulation of sex patterns along the plant. Ethylene is known to play an important role in promoting femaleness and inhibiting male development, but many questions regarding critical sites of ethylene production versus perception, the relationship between ethylene and the sex determining loci, and the possible differences between melon and cucumber in this respect are still open. The general goal of the project was to elucidate the role of ethylene in determining flower sex in Cucumis species, melon and cucumber. The specific Objectives were: 1. Clone and characterize expression patterns of cucumber genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and perception. 2. Genetic mapping of cloned genes and markers with respect to sex loci in melon and cucumber. 3. Produce and analyze transgenic melons altered in ethylene production or perception. In the course of the project, some modifications/adjustments were made: under Objective 2 (genetic mapping) a set of new mapping populations had to be developed, to allow better detection of polymorphism. Under Objective 3, cucumber transformation systems became available to us and we included this second model species in our plan. The main findings of our study support the pivotal role of ethylene in cucumber and melon sex determination and later stages of reproductive development. Modifying ethylene production resulted in profound alteration of sex patterns in melon: femaleness increased, and also flower maturation and fruit set were enhanced, resulting in earlier, more concentrated fruit yield in the field. Such effect was previously unknown and could have agronomic value. Our results also demonstrate the great importance of ethylene sensitivity in sex expression. Ethylene perception genes are expressed in sex-related patterns, e.g., gynoecious lines express higher levels of receptor-transcripts, and copper treatments that activate the receptor can increase femaleness. Transgenic cucumbers with increased expression of an ethylene receptor showed enhanced femaleness. Melons that expressed a defective receptor produced fewer hermaphrodite flowers and were insensitive to exogenous ethylene. When the expression of defective receptor was restricted to specific floral whorls, we saw that pistils were not inhibited by the blocked perception at the fourth whorl. Such unexpected findings suggest an indirect effect of ethylene on the affected whorl; it also points at interesting differences between melon and cucumber regarding the mode of action of ethylene. Such effects will require further study. Finally, our project also generated and tested a set of novel genetic tools for finer identification of sex determining genes in the two species and for efficient breeding for these characters. Populations that will allow easier linkage analysis of candidate genes with each sex locus were developed. Moreover, effects of modifier genes on the major femaleness trait were resolved. QTL analysis of femaleness and related developmental traits was conducted, and a comprehensive set of Near Isogenic Lines that differ in specific QTLs were prepared and made available for the private and public research. Marker assisted selection (MAS) of femaleness and fruit yield components was directly compared with phenotypic selection in field trials, and the relative efficiency of MAS was demonstrated. Such level of genetic resolution and such advanced tools were not used before to study these traits, that act as primary yield components to determine economic yields of cucurbits. In addition, this project resulted in the establishment of workable transformation procedures in our laboratories and these can be further utilized to study the function of sex-related genes in detail.