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1
Ebbers, M. J. H., I. R. Wallis, S. Dury, R. Floyd, and W. J. Foley. "Spectrometric prediction of secondary metabolites and nitrogen in fresh Eucalyptus foliage: towards remote sensing of the nutritional quality of foliage for leaf-eating marsupials." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 6 (2002): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02025.
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Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy provides an excellent means of assessing the chemical composition of Eucalyptus foliage but the standard methods of drying and grinding the samples limit the speed at which spectra can be collected and thus are unsuitable for measurements in the field. We investigated whether reliable spectra could be collected from whole fresh and dry leaves of E. melliodora and E. globulus and whether we could predict the concentration of total nitrogen, the volatile terpene, 1,8 cineole and the phenolic antifeedant compound, sideroxylonal A, from these spectra. Water absorbance peaks did not obscure the absorption spectrum of 1,8 cineole and so cineole concentration was readily predicted from spectra of whole, fresh E. melliodora leaves. Similarly, both total nitrogen and sideroxylonal A could be predicted from spectra of fresh leaf in E. melliodora even though water absorption obscured some spectral features. The predictions of cineole and total nitrogen concentration in E. globulus were not as good as those in E. melliodora, possibly due to interference from waxes on the leaf surface of E. globulus juvenile foliage. Overall, these results suggest that certain important ecological attributes of Eucalyptus foliage can be predicted from spectra of whole fresh leaves. Thus, it is feasible to investigate the collection of spectra by portable or airborne spectrophotometry.
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Ruiz-Talonia, Lorena, David Carr, Rhiannon Smith, R. D. B. Whalley, and Nick Reid. "Effect of temperature and light on germination of 10 species of Eucalyptus from north-western NSW." Australian Journal of Botany 66, no. 8 (2018): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt18115.
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The effects of temperature and light were examined on the germination of 14 seedlots of 10 Eucalyptus species, which are important for revegetation of native communities in north-western New South Wales. The species tested were E. albens, E. blakelyi, E. chloroclada, E. dealbata, E. camaldulensis, E. melanophloia, E. melliodora, E. pilligaensis, E. populnea and E. sideroxylon. Species were subjected to three alternating day/night temperatures (15/5, 25/15 and 35/25°C), representing winter, spring/autumn and summer conditions, respectively, and two light treatments (light/dark or dark), in growth cabinets. Limited quantities of seed of most seedlots prevented full factorial combinations of most treatments. Overall germination was high but varied significantly between species and seedlots within species. Differences were small, but light combined with winter or spring/autumn temperatures resulted in higher average germination (96%) than darkness and summer temperatures (93%). Seedlots of E. chloroclada, E. blakelyi, E. camaldulensis, E. sideroxylon, E. melliodora and E. melanophloia germinated consistently well under all treatment conditions, whereas germination in seedlots of E. albens, E. dealbata, E. melliodora, E. pilligaensis and E. populnea varied with treatments. Germination of small seeds was higher in the presence of light whereas larger seeds germinated better in continuous darkness. The time to first germination was three times faster under summer and spring/autumn temperatures than winter temperatures. In conclusion, temperature and light can significantly impact germination percentage and rate, depending on the species and provenances, and therefore should be considered in planning restoration projects in both nursery and field.
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Burrows, G. E. "Seed production in woodland and isolated trees of Eucalyptus melliodora (yellow box, Myrtaceae) in the South Western Slopes of New South Wales." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 6 (2000): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt99058.
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Seed production in woodland and isolated Eucalyptus melliodora Cunn. ex Schauer trees was investigated. Measurement of physical parameters such as mean capsule weight, mean seed weight and mean ratio of the weight of the capsule contents to the weight of the empty capsule showed no significant differences between woodland and isolated trees. In contrast, reproductive output as measured by mean number of seeds per capsule, mean number of seeds per 10 g of capsule contents and mean seed weight as a percentage of the weight of the capsule contents, was significantly lower (45–48% less) in isolated trees than in woodland trees. Mean percentage seed germination was also significantly lower (14% less) in the isolated trees and the mean number of viable seeds per 10 g of capsule contents was only 38% of the woodland trees. These results indicate that E. melliodora, like many eucalypts, has a mixed mating breeding system with preferential outcrossing but is also capable of self pollination leading to a reduction in seed yield and viability. The woodland and isolated trees produced a mean of 4.6 and 2.1 seeds per capsule, respectively. It would be relatively easy to collect large numbers of seeds from isolated trees of E. melliodora and subsequently propagate potentially genetically inferior plants.
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Wallis, I. R., M. L. Watson, and W. J. Foley. "Secondary metabolites in Eucalyptus melliodora: field distribution and laboratory feeding choices by a generalist herbivore, the common brushtail possum." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 5 (2002): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo02029.
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We studied the influence of a group of plant secondary compounds, the sideroxylonals, on feeding by the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), a generalist herbivore. Possums were offered synthetic diets either with or without sideroxylonals or, in separate experiments, foliage from 28 individual Eucalyptus melliodora trees. Possums ate less of the synthetic diet at sideroxylonal concentrations of 4 and 7 mg g–1 when offered a choice or no choice, respectively. Possums fed foliage in no-choice protocols ate 12–61 g of dry matter per day. Sideroxylonal concentration was an essential determinant of feeding on foliage but the wide variation, particularly at intermediate sideroxylonal concentrations, suggests that other secondary plant chemicals, e.g. tannins, are important also. The normal distribution of sideroxylonal concentrations (mean = 27.7, s.d. = 7.85 mg sideroxylonals per g dry leaf) in a natural population of 150 E. melliodora trees shows that brushtail possums will rarely encounter highly palatable trees (<10 mg sideroxylonals per g dry leaf) nor highly unpalatable foliage (>40 mg sideroxylonals per g dry leaf). When foraging on E. melliodora, brushtail possums must contend with intermediate sideroxylonal concentrations (20–30 mg per g dry leaf), where variability in food intake is most noticeable.
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Ruiz Talonia, Lorena, Nick Reid, Caroline L. Gross, and R. D. B. Whalley. "Germination ecology of six species of Eucalyptus in shrink–swell vertosols: moisture, seed depth and seed size limit seedling emergence." Australian Journal of Botany 65, no. 1 (2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16155.
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We examined the potential of direct-seeding Eucalyptus species to revegetate the vertosol (‘cracking clay’) soils that characterise the floodplains of north-western New South Wales. We investigated the influence of sowing depth (0, 6, 12 and 20 mm) and three soil-moisture scenarios (dry, moist and flooded) on seedling emergence of seedlings of six species of Eucalyptus with a range of seed sizes (E. blakelyi, E. camaldulensis, E. melanophloia, E. melliodora, E. pilligaensis and E. populnea). We used cracking clay soil from the region in a glasshouse environment. Seedling emergence was low despite high seed viability and provision of optimum temperatures and soil moisture conditions. All six species exhibited greatest emergence when sown at 0–6-mm depth, with seed size being less important than moisture (except under dry conditions) and proximity to the surface. Species responded differently to the three watering treatments. Eucalyptus melanophloia exhibited greatest emergence in the ‘dry’ watering treatment. The floodplain species, E. camaldulensis, E pilliganesis and E. populnea, had the greatest emergence under flood conditions. Eucalyptus blakelyi and E. melliodora exhibited intermediate emergence in relation to all three soil-moisture regimes. Although the direct seeding of these species in vertosol soils in the region may be successful on occasion, windows of opportunity will be infrequent and the planting of seedling tubestock will be more reliable for revegetation.
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Crane, M. J., D. B. Lindenmayer, and R. B. Cunningham. "Use and characteristics of nocturnal habitats of the squirrel glider (Petaurus norfocensis) in Australian temperate woodlands." Australian Journal of Zoology 60, no. 5 (2012): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo12080.
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In Australian temperate woodlands, most squirrel glider (Petaurus norfolcensis) habitats exist outside formal conservation reserves, often in highly fragmented agricultural landscapes. To conserve squirrel glider populations in such woodlands it is essential to define important habitats and understand how they are used. This study examines the nocturnal habitat use of squirrel gliders across five sites within an agricultural landscape in south-eastern Australia. Over a five-month period we radio-tracked 32 gliders to 372 nocturnal locations. We quantify characteristics of key nocturnal habitats and describe their use. Gliders were more likely to use large eucalypt trees, particularly yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora) and mugga ironbark (E. sideroxylon). Nocturnal activity mostly took place high in the canopy of eucalypts, accounting for 74% of fixes. Multiple regression models revealed that feeding was more likely to occur in large, healthy trees close to drainage lines, with a preference for E. melliodora, when eucalypts were not flowering. Flowering trees were preferentially sought and were strongly associated with being large healthy trees that occur on ridges and upper slopes. Showing that the squirrel glider utilises key feeding structures (large healthy Eucalyptus trees) in different parts of the landscape at different times has direct management implications in the conservation and restoration of squirrel glider habitat, particularly in fragmented temperate woodland.
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Marquete, Ronaldo, and Angela Maria Studart da Fonseca Vaz. "O gênero Casearia no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Rodriguésia 58, no. 4 (October 2007): 705–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200758401.
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RESUMO O tratamento taxonômico das espécies do gênero Casearia ocorrentes no estado do Rio de Janeiro é apresentado. Foram realizadas observações de campo, coleta de material botânico e análise de coleções de herbários nacionais e internacionais. São apresentados chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações, dados sobre distribuição geográfica, floração e frutificação, nomes vulgares e comentários a respeito de cada táxon. Doze espécies foram reconhecidas: Casearia arborea, C. commersoniana, C. decandra, C. lasiophylla, C. luetzelburgii, C. melliodora, C. obliqua, C. oblongifolia, C. pauciflora, C. selloana, C. sessiliflora e C. sylvestris. C. luetzelburgii e C. selloana são registradas como novas ocorrências no Rio de Janeiro, enquanto C. sessiliflora é endêmica para o estado. Casearia sylvestris var. lingua foi tratada como sinônimo de Casearia sylvestris.
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Briggs, Sue V., Nicola M. Taws, Julian A. Seddon, and Bindi Vanzella. "Condition of fenced and unfenced remnant vegetation in inland catchments in south-eastern Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 56, no. 7 (2008): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt08046.
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Considerable areas of remnant native vegetation have been fenced in the last decade to manage grazing by domestic stock. This study investigated vegetation condition in comparative fenced and unfenced remnant vegetation in the mid–upper Murrumbidgee and Lachlan catchments in south-eastern Australia. Native species richness, native groundcover and overstorey regeneration were higher at fenced than at unfenced sites. Area of bare ground was lower at fenced sites. Exotic groundcover did not differ between fenced and unfenced sites. Native species richness was higher at sites fenced for longer and with no stock grazing; neither native nor exotic groundcover at fenced sites was related to time since fencing or stock grazing pressure. Some tree species regenerated at both fenced and unfenced sites (Blakely’s red gum, Eucalyptus blakelyi; tumbledown gum, E. dealbata, long-leaved box, E. goniocalyx; red stringbark, E. macrorhyncha), some regenerated at few fenced and few unfenced sites (white box, E. albens; yellow box, E. melliodora) and some regenerated at fenced sites but not at unfenced sites (grey box, E. microcarpa; mugga ironbark, E. sideroxylon; white cypress pine, Callitris glaucophylla). Although less robust than pre- and postfencing monitoring, the comparisons reported here provide a logistically feasible and relatively inexpensive assessment of effects of the sizeable public investment in fencing on vegetation condition.
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Moncur, MW, and DJ Boland. "Floral Morphology of Eucalyptus melliodora A. Cunn. ex Schau. And Comparisons With Other Eucalypt Species." Australian Journal of Botany 37, no. 2 (1989): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9890125.
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The important phases of floral development in E. melliodora from bud initiation to anthesis and style abscission are documented by means of scanning electron micrographs. Thirteen phases of bud development from first indication of operculum abscission to style abscission are presented, as well as the timing and duration of each phase. Anther dehiscence commences prior to flower opening and no pollen grains were observed on flowers 2 days after opening. Secondary transportation of pollen after deposition is possible. Nectar secretion did not commence until after pollen was shed and the stigma became receptive. Although individual flowers were protandrous, there was some overlap within a single inflorescence between pollen shed and the 'wet stigma' phase, suggesting that geitonogamy was possible. The style did not increase in length following anthesis, a common feature in Eucalyptus, leaving the stigma in close proximity with the anthers. There was a graduation in filament length from the outer to inner whorls. The innermost anthers produced the most pollen grains while the outermost were staminodal. There was considerable difference between the number of stamens (71-312), staminodes (0-83) and pollen grains per anther (643-1790) found in the six species examined. Stamen length in all species increased across the staminophore from 1.82-6.99 mm in the inner whorl to 4.84-12.61 mm in the outer whorl.
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Graham, S., B. R. Wilson, N. Reid, and H. Jones. "Scattered paddock trees, litter chemistry, and surface soil properties in pastures of the New England Tablelands, New South Wales." Soil Research 42, no. 8 (2004): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03065.
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Scattered paddock trees are widespread throughout rural Australia but their effect on soil conditions has received only limited research attention. This study investigated the influence of 3 Eucalyptus species on surface soil properties on different parent materials at both stocked and unstocked sites on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Mineral soil samples to a depth of 5 cm were collected at intervals up to twice the canopy radius away from tree trunks and litter samples were collected at corresponding points. Mineral soils were analysed for pH (CaCl2), organic carbon (C), and extractable phosphorus (P) concentration, while for the litter samples, P, sulfur, cations, and ash alkalinity were determined. Stocking with sheep and cattle increased surface soil acidity and C and P concentrations at each location. However, soils under E. melliodora and E. viminalis showed higher pH and increased C and P concentrations close to the tree stem irrespective of grazing. Soils under E. caliginosa, while having similar patterns of C and P, showed variable acidity patterns with instances of lower pH close to the tree stem. Spatial patterns in soil acidity were associated with the ash alkalinity of litter, indicating litter as a source of alkalinity addition to the soil surface, although different patterns of soil pH could not be fully explained by litter ash alkalinity alone. The close correlation of litter Ca content with ash alkalinity suggests that this element might be a suitable indicator of the acid amelioration capacity of different tree species.
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Prober, Suzanne M., Ian D. Lunt, and Kevin R. Thiele. "Determining reference conditions for management and restoration of temperate grassy woodlands: relationships among trees, topsoils and understorey flora in little-grazed remnants." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 6 (2002): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02043.
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Temperate grassy woodlands were once widespread and dominant in many agricultural regions of south-eastern Australia. Most are now highly degraded and fragmented and exist within a context of broadscale landscape degradation. Greater understanding of natural processes in these woodlands is needed to benchmark management and restoration efforts that are now critical for their ongoing survival. We studied physical and chemical properties of topsoils from rare, little-grazed remnants of grassy Eucalyptus albens Benth. and E. melliodora Cunn. ex Schauer woodlands in central New South Wales and examined natural patterns in topsoil properties and understorey flora in relation to trees and canopy gaps. Topsoils were generally low in available macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur), but were favourable for plant growth in most other measured characteristics. Topsoils beneath trees were notably more fertile than in open areas, particularly in total carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and salinity. Higher nutrient concentrations, particularly of available phosphorus, may have contributed to patterns in understorey dominants, with Themeda australis (R.Br.) Stapf predominating in open areas and Poa sieberiana Spreng. beneath trees. Trees were also associated with a higher native-plant richness, possibly resulting from their influence on the competitive dynamics of the dominant grasses. We discuss the implications of these interactions for the use of burning, grazing and slashing in woodland management and re-establishment of native grasses and trees in restoration efforts.
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M. Fisher, Andrew, and David C. Goldney. "Use by birds of riparian vegetation in an extensively fragmented landscape." Pacific Conservation Biology 3, no. 3 (1997): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc970275.
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The bird communities of six riparian woodland sites are described and compared with those of eight terrestrial woodland sites in the Central Tablelands near Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia. Riparian woodland, where still present in the Central Tablelands, is dominated by either relatively narrow strips of Casuarina cunninghamiana along stream banks or the less restricted Angophora floribunda trees associated with Eucalyptus melliodora?E. blakelyi woodlands. Four of the riparian sites were located within cleared agricultural land and two were located within a relatively large nature reserve. Bird censuses along a strip transect were conducted twice per season from spring 1993 to summer 1996. The riparian woodland communities contained within the cleared landscape of the Bathurst basin were found to support a diverse avifauna, a mix of woodland-forest and species associated with agricultural landscapes. Extensive observations of individual birds at riparian sites indicate that the tree canopy is the most widely used microhabitat stratum. While native riparian woodlands are generally degraded, their connectivity and stabilizing function (actual or potential) identifies them as a critical landscape component in maintenance or restoration programmes. Hence it is suggested that riparian strips could form the basis for rehabilitation initiatives within this landscape. Fenced plantings of endemic tree species supplemented by native understorey species could be linked with existing vegetation to enhance landscape connectivity. It is crucial that landholders become aware of the importance of riparian vegetation for nature conservation and stream stabilization. Incentives should be provided to landholders to encourage these areas to be fenced from stock in order to protect them from further degradation in a significantly disturbed ecosystem.
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Prober, Suzanne M., Kevin R. Thiele, and Ian D. Lunt. "Identifying ecological barriers to restoration in temperate grassy woodlands: soil changes associated with different degradation states." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 6 (2002): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02052.
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Temperate grassy woodlands were once the dominant vegetation across many agricultural regions of south-eastern Australia, but most of these are now highly degraded and fragmented. Adequate conservation of these woodlands is dependent on successful ecological restoration; however, ecological barriers often limit ecosystem recovery once degrading processes are removed. To help identify these barriers, we used a state and transition framework to compare topsoils of little-disturbed (reference) and variously degraded remnants of grassy Eucalyptus albens Benth. and E. melliodora Cunn. ex Schauer woodlands. Topsoils of degraded remnants showed a repeated pattern, with the most compacted, most acidic and most depleted topsoils occurring in remnants dominated by Aristida ramosa R.Br. or Austrodanthonia H.P.Linder and Austrostipa scabra (Lindl.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett; the least compacted and most nutrient rich topsoils in remnants dominated by annual exotics; and generally intermediate topsoils in remnants dominated by Bothriochloa macra (Steud.) S.T.Blake or Austrostipa bigeniculata (Hughes) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett. Surprisingly, topsoils beneath trees in reference sites (supporting Poa sieberiana Spreng.) were similar to topsoils supporting annual exotics for most soil properties. Chemical properties of topsoils from open areas of reference sites [supporting Themeda australis (R.Br.) Stapf] were usually intermediate and similar to Bothriochloa macra and Austrostipa bigeniculata topsoils. The most striking exception to these trends was for soil nitrate, which was extremely low in all reference topsoils and showed a high correlation with annual exotic abundance. We discuss the potential for positive feedbacks between soil nitrogen cycling and understorey composition and the need for intervention to assist possible nitrate-dependent transitions between annual and perennial understorey states. Dominant grasses, trees and annual weed abundance may be useful indicators of soil conditions and could inform selection of target sites, species and techniques for restoration projects.
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Seddon, Julian A., Andre Zerger, Stuart J. Doyle, and Sue V. Briggs. "The extent of dryland salinity in remnant woodland and forest within an agricultural landscape." Australian Journal of Botany 55, no. 5 (2007): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt06100.
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Dryland salinity is considered a significant and increasing threat to sustainable land management and biodiversity across large parts of temperate Australia. However, there is little information on the extent of this threat to terrestrial ecosystems in south-eastern Australia. This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the extent of dryland salinity in remnant native woody vegetation in the agriculture-dominated landscape of the Boorowa Shire located in the South West Slopes bioregion of south-eastern Australia. The amount and type of native woody vegetation in the Boorowa Shire affected by dryland salinity was assessed by analysing the extent of overlap between the following three spatial data layers: (1) woody vegetation mapping derived from high-resolution satellite imagery, (2) existing vegetation community mapping predicted from field data and expert opinion and (3) existing dryland salinity outbreak mapping derived from air photo interpretation and filed verification. There were more than 6000 patches of salt outbreak in woody vegetation in the Boorowa Shire, 383 (6%) of which were 1 ha or larger in area. Almost 2000 ha of woody vegetation were affected by dryland salinity, representing ~3% of the extant native woody vegetation in the Boorowa Shire. The vegetation type with the largest total area affected by dryland salinity was yellow box (Eucalyptus melliodora Cunn. Ex Schauer)–Blakely’s red gum (E. Blakelyi Maiden) woodland. As a proportion of their current extent, vegetation communities lower in the landscape were significantly more affected than those higher up the topographic sequence, with 14% of riparian communities and nearly 6% of yellow box–Blakely’s red gum woodland exhibiting symptoms of dryland salinity. About 1% of white box (E. albens Benth) woodland, and of hill communities which are on mid- and upper slopes, were affected. The pattern of salinity outbreaks in relation to landscape position and vegetation type is significant for biodiversity conservation because the vegetation communities most affected by salinisation are those most heavily cleared and modified post-European settlement. Throughout the South West Slopes of New South Wales, remnants of riparian communities and yellow box–Blakely’s red gum woodland are highly cleared, fragmented and degraded. Dryland salinity represents an additional threat to these vegetation communities and their component species. Salinisation of woodland ecosystems poses significant problems for land managers. The long-term viability of these woodland remnants needs to be considered when allocating limited public funds for woodland conservation, whether on private land or in formal reserves.
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Bignell, C. M., P. J. Dunlop, J. J. Brophy, and J. F. Jackson. "Volatile Leaf Oils of some Queensland and Northern Australian Species of the GenusEucalyptus. (Series II). Part I. Subgenus Symphyomyrtus, Section Adnataria: (a) Series Oliganthae, (b) Series Ochrophloiae, (c) Series Moluccanae, (d) Series Polyanthemae, (e) Series Paniculatae, (f) Series Melliodorae and (g) Series Porantheroideae." Flavour and Fragrance Journal 12, no. 1 (January 1997): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1026(199701)12:1<19::aid-ffj597>3.0.co;2-f.
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Supple, Megan Ann, Jason G. Bragg, Linda M. Broadhurst, Adrienne B. Nicotra, Margaret Byrne, Rose L. Andrew, Abigail Widdup, Nicola C. Aitken, and Justin O. Borevitz. "Landscape genomic prediction for restoration of a Eucalyptus foundation species under climate change." eLife 7 (April 24, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.31835.
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As species face rapid environmental change, we can build resilient populations through restoration projects that incorporate predicted future climates into seed sourcing decisions. Eucalyptus melliodora is a foundation species of a critically endangered community in Australia that is a target for restoration. We examined genomic and phenotypic variation to make empirical based recommendations for seed sourcing. We examined isolation by distance and isolation by environment, determining high levels of gene flow extending for 500 km and correlations with climate and soil variables. Growth experiments revealed extensive phenotypic variation both within and among sampling sites, but no site-specific differentiation in phenotypic plasticity. Model predictions suggest that seed can be sourced broadly across the landscape, providing ample diversity for adaptation to environmental change. Application of our landscape genomic model to E. melliodora restoration projects can identify genomic variation suitable for predicted future climates, thereby increasing the long term probability of successful restoration.
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Crous, P. W. "Mycosphaerella swartii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 124 (July 1, 1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401239.
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Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella swartii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Eucalyptus coccifera, E. delegatensis, E. dives, E. elata, E. fastigata, E. globoidea, E. leucoxylon, E. obliqua. Hosts associated with anamorph state only: E. agglomerata, E. amygdalina, E. baxteri, E. consideniana, E. dalrympleana, E. delegatensis, E. fastigata, E. fraxinoides, E. grandis, E. johnstonii, E. leucoxylon var. petiolaris, E. melliodora, E. meullerana, E. pauciflora, E. phaeotricha, E. radiata, E. regnans, E. sieberi, E. tereticornis. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Eucalyptus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Ascospores are wind-borne.
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Crous, P. W. "Mycosphaerella molleriana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 124 (July 1, 1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401236.
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Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella molleriana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Eucalyptus bicostata, E. bridgesiana, E. botryoides, E. cladocalyx, E. cypellocarpa, E. dalrympleana, E. gigantea, E. globulus, E. grandis, E. gunnii, E. macarthurii, E. maidenii, E. melliodora, E. nitens, E. nova-anglica, E. polybracteata, E. quadrangulata, E. saligna, E. smithii, E. stjohnii, E. stuartiana, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis. DISEASE: Leaf spot disease on juvenile and intermediate foliage of Eucalyptus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Portugal and Spain. Unconfirmed records include California USA, and Brazil (Carnegie & Keane, 1994). TRANSMISSION: Spores are wind-borne.
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Ameur, Elaissi, Moumni Sarra, Derbali Yosra, Kouja Mariem, Abid Nabil, Frederic Lynen, and Khouja Mohamed Larbi. "Chemical composition of essential oils of eight Tunisian Eucalyptus species and their antibacterial activity against strains responsible for otitis." BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies 21, no. 1 (August 12, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03379-y.
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Abstract Background The chemical composition and biological activity of Eucalyptus essential oils have been studied extensively (EOs). A few of them were tested for antibacterial effectiveness against otitis strains. The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the EOs of eight Tunisian Eucalyptus species were assessed in the present study. Methods Hydrodistillation was used to extract EOs from the dried leaves of eight Eucalyptus species: Eucalyptus accedens, Eucalyptus punctata, Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus bosistoana, Eucalyptus cladocalyx, Eucalyptus lesouefii, Eucalyptus melliodora and Eucalyptus wandoo. They are assessed by GC/MS and GC/FID and evaluated for antibacterial activity using agar diffusion and broth microdilution techniques against three bacterial isolates (Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae) and three reference bacteria strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ATTC 9027; Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 6538; and Escherichia coli, ATCC 8739). Furthermore, the selected twenty-one major compounds and all values of the inhibition zone diameters were subjected to further statistical analysis using PCA and HCA. Results The EO yields of the studied Eucalyptus species range from 1.4 ± 0.4% to 5.2 ± 0.3%. Among all the species studied, E. lesouefii had the greatest mean percentage of EOs. The identification of 128 components by GC (RI) and GC/MS allowed for 93.6% – 97.7% of the total oil to be identified. 1,8-cineole was the most abundant component found, followed by α-pinene, p-cymene, and globulol. The chemical components of the eight EOs, extracted from the leaves of Eucalyptus species, were clustered into seven groups using PCA and HCA analyses, with each group forming a chemotype. The PCA and HCA analyses of antibacterial activity, on the other hand, identified five groups. Conclusion The oils of E. melliodora, E. bosistoana, and E. robusta show promise as antibiotic alternatives in the treatment of otitis media.
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Crous, P. W. "Mycosphaerella cryptica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]." IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria, no. 124 (August 1, 1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/dfb/20056401231.
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Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella cryptica. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Eucalyptus agglomerata, E. baxteri, E. bicostata, E. blakelyi, E. bosistoana, E. botryoides, E. bridgesiana, E. brookeriana, E. camaldulensis, E. camphora, E. cladocalyx, E. consideniana, E. cypellocarpa, E. dalrympleana, E. delegatensis, E. dendromorpha, E. diversicolor, E. dives, E. dunnii, E. elata, E. fastigata, E. fraxinoides, E. globoidea, E. globulus, E. gomphocephala, E. haemastoma, E. goniocalyx, E. gunnii, E. macrorhyncha, E. marginata, E. melliodora, E. micrantha, E. microcorys, E. muellerana, E. nitens, E. nitida, E. obliqua, E. ovata, E. pauciflora, E. phaeotricha, E. polyanthemos, E. quadrangulata, E. radiata, E. regnans, E. saligna, E. sideroxylon, E. sieberi, E. smithii, E. tereticornis, E. viminalis (61, 7183). DISEASE: Leaf spots, cankers on shoots, twigs and petioles, causing leaf drop and twig die-back of Eucalyptus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: Pseudothecia require humidities reaching saturation for ascospore release. Spores are wind-borne (61, 7182).