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Journal articles on the topic 'Melioidosis'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Mohanty, Srujana, Saurav Sarkar, and Baijayantimala Mishra. "Melioidosis of the Head and Neck: A Case Series from Eastern India." Infectious Disease Reports 12, no. 3 (October 29, 2020): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr12030011.

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Melioidosis is an emerging entity in India. Though it is a potentially fatal disease, prognosis is excellent with early detection and appropriate management, especially of localized infections like abscesses of the head and neck area. We report nine cases of focal abscesses in the head and neck region due to Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, presenting to our hospital within a span of two-and-half years. Since melioidotic abscesses in the cervicofacial and head and neck region are likely to be confused with cold abscesses caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a tuberculosis-endemic country like India, increased vigilance is necessary because of the widely divergent treatment modalities of the two disease entities.

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2

Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay, VandanaKalwaje Eshwara, and VinodBhat Hattangadi. "Melioidosis." Journal of The Academy of Clinical Microbiologists 15, no. 1 (2013): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-1282.116094.

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3

Chieng, Raymond. "Melioidosis." WikiJournal of Medicine 9, no. 1 (2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15347/wjm/2022.004.

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4

Anonymous, Anonymous. "Melioidosis." Journal of Special Operations Medicine 21, no. 4 (2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.55460/wej5-a5ca.

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5

Borton, Dorothy. "Melioidosis." Nursing 52, no. 10 (October 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000872460.50198.39.

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6

Annamalai, AnandK, and Kothandaramaraju Padmini. "Melioidosis." Indian Journal of Medical Research 149, no. 4 (2019): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_2018_17.

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7

Wiersinga, W. Joost, Bart J. Currie, and Sharon J. Peacock. "Melioidosis." New England Journal of Medicine 367, no. 11 (September 13, 2012): 1035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmra1204699.

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8

Peacock, Sharon J. "Melioidosis." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 19, no. 5 (October 2006): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.qco.0000244046.31135.b3.

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9

Dance, David A. B. "Melioidosis." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 15, no. 2 (April 2002): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-200204000-00005.

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10

Haque, Nazia, Md Shafikul Bari, Md Moinul Hoque, Md Amirul Islam, Syada Monira Hoque, Santana Rani Sarkar, Md Rashedul Kabir, and Md Arifur Rahman. "Melioidosis." KYAMC Journal 4, no. 1 (April 21, 2017): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v4i1.32262.

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Melioidosis is an important disease caused by a Gram-negative bacterium, Burkholderia pseudomallei. The true incidence of melioidosis is unknown for most countries of the world including Bangladesh. Due to its increasing incidence in many countries of the world it is an important issue now days. Due to variability of clinical features and limited availability of laboratory facilities the disease remains largely under-reported.Early and specific diagnosis is important to ensure a favourable outcome regarding this disease. In this paper history, transmission, sign symptoms, diagnosis and prevention of melioidosis are critically reviewed to know about something regarding this diseaseKYAMC Journal Vol. 4, No.-1, July 2013, Page 353-356

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11

Sanderson, Christine, and Bart J. Currie. "Melioidosis." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 33, no. 7 (July 2014): 770–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0000000000000358.

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12

Beeker, A. "Melioidosis." Netherlands Journal of Medicine 54, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-2977(98)00129-6.

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13

Mohapatra, Prasanta R., Bijayini Behera, Srujana Mohanty, Sourin Bhuniya, and Baijayantimala Mishra. "Melioidosis." Lancet Infectious Diseases 19, no. 10 (October 2019): 1056–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30480-3.

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14

Pasquier, Jérémie, Claude Olive, Guillaume Hurtrel, Jean-Marie Turmel, and André Cabié. "Melioidosis." Lancet Infectious Diseases 19, no. 10 (October 2019): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30481-5.

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15

White, N. J. "Melioidosis." Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie 280, no. 4 (March 1994): 439–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0934-8840(11)80502-5.

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16

White, NJ. "Melioidosis." Lancet 361, no. 9370 (May 2003): 1715–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13374-0.

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17

Hsu, Yung-Hsiang. "Melioidosis." Tzu Chi Medical Journal 24, no. 4 (December 2012): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcmj.2012.03.003.

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18

Guard, R. "Melioidosis." Pathology 25 (1993): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3025(16)35787-7.

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19

Donovan, Margaret. "Melioidosis." Australian Infection Control 2, no. 1 (1997): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1329-9360(16)30317-0.

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20

Fernando, Mary Antoinette Manel, Malka Dassanayake, Enoka Marie Corea, Herath Mudiyanselage Aruna Dhammike Herath, and Mohomed Sureka. "Melioidosis." Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health 44, no. 4 (December 9, 2015): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v44i4.8050.

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21

Koponen, Mark A. "Melioidosis." Archives of Internal Medicine 151, no. 3 (March 1, 1991): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1991.00400030135027.

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22

Suputtamongkol, Yupin, Wipada Chaowagul, Ploenchan Chetchotisakd, Nimit Lertpatanasuwun, Sunanta Intaranongpai, Theera Ruchutrakool, Duangkao Budhsarawong, et al. "Risk Factors for Melioidosis and Bacteremic Melioidosis." Clinical Infectious Diseases 29, no. 2 (August 1999): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/520223.

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23

Sharma, Akhya, Zubin Mahajan, Sharath P. Madhyastha, and Vishal Mehta. "Critical approach to atypical spectrum of melioidosis: a case-series based literature review." BMJ Case Reports 15, no. 6 (June 2022): e249417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2022-249417.

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Melioidosis is an emerging infectious disease with highest predominance in Southeast Asia, but it has a significantly lower incidence across other parts of the globe. The most common systemic involvement seen in melioidosis is pulmonary, followed by multiple visceral and cutaneous abscesses. Infrequently, melioidosis manifests with atypical presentations such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), acute pyogenic meningitis or septic arthritis. Our primary case discusses an extremely rare presentation of melioidosis with SBP. There have not been any cases of SBP reported secondary to melioidosis infection. The second case exhibits development of acute pyogenic meningitis from haematogenous dissemination of this organism, while the final case demonstrates musculoskeletal melioidosis as an uncommon presentation. Of note, this case series also discusses the guidelines of management of melioidosis and illustrates the tremendous impact of appropriate and timely antibiotic therapy on mortality and morbidity secondary to melioidosis.

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24

Chowdhury, Sukanta, Lovely Barai, Samira Rahat Afroze, Probir Kumar Ghosh, Farhana Afroz, Habibur Rahman, Sumon Ghosh, et al. "The Epidemiology of Melioidosis and Its Association with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Pathogens 11, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020149.

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Melioidosis is an under-recognized fatal disease in humans, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. Globally, more than 35,000 human melioidosis cases have been reported since 1911. Soil acts as the natural reservoir of B. pseudomallei. Humans may become infected by this pathogen through direct contact with contaminated soil and/or water. Melioidosis commonly occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus, who increase the occurrence of melioidosis in a population. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate to what extent diabetes mellitus affects the patient in getting melioidosis. We selected 39 articles for meta-analysis. This extensive review also provided the latest updates on the global distribution, clinical manifestation, preexisting underlying diseases, and risk factors of melioidosis. Diabetes mellitus was identified as the predominant predisposing factor for melioidosis in humans. The overall proportion of melioidosis cases having diabetes was 45.68% (95% CI: 44.8–46.57, p < 0.001). Patients with diabetes mellitus were three times more likely to develop melioidosis than patients with no diabetes (RR 3.40, 95% CI: 2.92–3.87, p < 0.001). The other potential risk factors included old age, exposure to soil and water, preexisting underlying diseases (chronic kidney disease, lung disease, heart disease, and thalassemia), and agricultural activities. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for melioidosis in patients with diabetes mellitus may be developed and shared with healthcare professionals of melioidosis endemic countries to reduce morbidity.

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25

Chanvitan, Supatjaree, Alan Geater, and Kamolwish Laoprasopwattana. "Hepatic/splenic abscess and/or skin and soft tissue infection as predictors of melioidosis in children." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 13, no. 02 (February 28, 2019): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10727.

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Introduction: Melioidosis can have multiple organ involvement which can then mimic other infections. The aim of this study was to determine if there are any factors significantly associated with melioidosis which can inform diagnostic evaluations before receiving the results of confirming laboratory testing. Methodology: The charts of patients aged < 16 years admitted to Songklanagarind Hospital during 2002-2014 with a clinical presentation suspicious of melioidosis were reviewed. Results: Of the 145 suspected cases, 27 patients had a confirmed diagnosis of melioidosis by either serology and/or culture. The melioidosis group had a higher proportion of patients with liver or splenic abscess (44.4% vs. 11.9%, p < 0.01) and were less likely to have splenomegaly by physical examination (3.7% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.02) than patients without melioidosis. Logistic regression analysis found that patients suspected of melioidosis who had (a) hepatic abscess or (b) splenic abscess or (c) skin or soft tissue infection were more likely to have melioidosis with likelihood ratios of 5.6, 4.0, and 2.2 respectively, and specificities of 0.94, 0.89, and 0.68 respectively. Suspected patients who did not have hepatic abscess, splenic abscess, or soft tissue infection were unlikely to have melioidosis with negative predictive value of 0.90. Conclusion: patients who have clinically suspected melioidosis without skin or soft tissue infection should have hepatic-splenic ultrasonography performed, and suspected patients who have one of these 3 findings should be treated initially as melioidosis while waiting for culture or serologic test results.

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26

Chang, C. Y. "Pulmonary melioidosis." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 114, no. 12 (October 21, 2021): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcab269.

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27

Deuble, Martin, Robert Norton, and Chloe Aquilina. "Neurologic Melioidosis." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 89, no. 3 (September 4, 2013): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.12-0559.

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28

Warawa, Jonathan, and Donald E. Woods. "Melioidosis vaccines." Expert Review of Vaccines 1, no. 4 (December 2002): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.1.4.477.

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29

Journal, EID. "Etymologia: Melioidosis." Emerging Infectious Diseases 17, no. 7 (July 2011): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1707.et1707.

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30

Le Quoc, Hanh, Francisco Sapico, and Paul Davidson. "Pulmonary Melioidosis." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 12, no. 01 (January 1991): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1006222.

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31

Tran, D., and H. H. Tan. "Cutaneous melioidosis." Clinical and Experimental Dermatology 27, no. 4 (June 2002): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01021.x.

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32

Amrutha, M., and T. P. Rajagopal. "Cutaneous melioidosis." QJM 109, no. 2 (September 14, 2015): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcv174.

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33

Teo, Lynn, Yong-Kwang Tay, and Kent J. F. Mancer. "Cutaneous melioidosis." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 20, no. 10 (November 2006): 1322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01785.x.

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34

LUMBIGANON, PAGAKRONG, KRISANA PENGSAA, SUPAPORN PUAPERMPOONSIRI, and ANUCHA PUAPAIROJ. "Neonatal melioidosis." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 7, no. 9 (September 1988): 634–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198809000-00007.

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35

Bergin, P., L. Boyes, and M. Sage. "Cerebral melioidosis." Australasian Radiology 49, no. 1 (February 2005): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.2005.01404.x.

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36

Thatrimontrichai, Anucha, and Gunlawadee Maneenil. "Neonatal Melioidosis." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 31, no. 11 (November 2012): 1195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0b013e318265ac62.

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37

Pattamapaspong, Nuttaya, and Malai Muttarak. "Musculoskeletal Melioidosis." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 15, no. 05 (November 2011): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1293494.

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38

Currie, Bart J., Dale A. Fisher, Diane M. Howard, and James N. C. Burrow. "Neurological melioidosis." Acta Tropica 74, no. 2-3 (February 2000): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-706x(99)00064-9.

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39

Singh, Alina, Naveen Grover, Salil Gupta, Puneet Bhatt, and Ajay Sahni. "Disseminated melioidosis." Reviews in Medical Microbiology 26, no. 3 (July 2015): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mrm.0000000000000034.

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40

Brent, Andrew J., Philippa C. Matthews, David A. Dance, Tyrone L. Pitt, and Rupert Handy. "Misdiagnosing Melioidosis." Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, no. 2 (February 2007): 349–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1302.061290.

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41

Kosuwon, W., S. Saengnipanthkul, B. Mahaisavariya, W. Laupattarakasem, and K. Kaen. "Musculoskeletal melioidosis." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 75, no. 12 (December 1993): 1811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199312000-00011.

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42

Ip, Mary, Lars G. Osterberg, P. Y. Chau, and Thomas A. Raffin. "Pulmonary Melioidosis." Chest 108, no. 5 (November 1995): 1420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.108.5.1420.

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43

MU, J. J., P. Y. CHENG, Y. S. CHEN, P. S. CHEN, and Y. L. CHEN. "The occurrence of melioidosis is related to different climatic conditions in distinct topographical areas of Taiwan." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 2 (May 29, 2013): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813001271.

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SUMMARYThis study assessed the correlations between the incidence of melioidosis and rainfall, wind strength and wind direction in both the flat and hilly regions of Taiwan. Data from the melioidosis and climate databases from 2005 to 2011 were combined and analysed. With the inclusion of a lag time accounting for a possible incubation period for melioidosis, the daily rainfall and wind-speed data were correlated with the number of confirmed melioidosis cases. The incidence of melioidosis in the flat region was related to the wind speed (>19 m/s) and the specific angle (150°, 220°, 280°) of the wind direction. Rainfall is a common environmental factor that contributes to an increase in the incidence of melioidosis in both areas; however, the contribution of wind strength or wind direction to the spread of melioidosis was restricted to areas with specific topographical characteristics, such as hills.

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44

Morris, Jodie, Natasha Williams, Catherine Rush, Brenda Govan, Kunwarjit Sangla, Robert Norton, and Natkunam Ketheesan. "Burkholderia pseudomallei Triggers Altered Inflammatory Profiles in a Whole-Blood Model of Type 2 Diabetes-Melioidosis Comorbidity." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 6 (April 2, 2012): 2089–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00212-12.

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ABSTRACTMelioidosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the bacteriumBurkholderia pseudomallei. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common comorbidity associated with melioidosis.B. pseudomalleiisolates from melioidosis patients with T2D are less virulent in animal models than those from patients with melioidosis and no identifiable risk factors. We developed anex vivowhole-blood assay as a tool for comparison of early inflammatory profiles generated by T2D and nondiabetic (ND) individuals in response to aB. pseudomalleistrain of low virulence. Peripheral blood from individuals with T2D, with either poorly controlled glycemia (PC-T2D [n= 6]) or well-controlled glycemia (WC-T2D [n= 8]), and healthy ND (n= 13) individuals was stimulated withB. pseudomallei. Oxidative burst, myeloperoxidase (MPO) release, expression of pathogen recognition receptors (TLR2, TLR4, and CD14), and activation markers (CD11b and HLA-DR) were measured on polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes and monocytes. Concentrations of plasma inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-12p70, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [MCP-1], IL-8, IL-1β, and IL-10) were also determined. Following stimulation, oxidative burst and MPO levels were significantly elevated in blood from PC-T2D subjects compared to controls. Differences were also observed in expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), CD14, and CD11b on phagocytes from T2D and ND individuals. Levels of IL-12p70, MCP-1, and IL-8 were significantly elevated in blood from PC-T2D subjects compared to ND individuals. Notably, differential inflammatory responses of PC-T2D, WC-T2D, and ND individuals toB. pseudomalleioccur independently of bacterial load and confirm the efficacy of this model of T2D-melioidosis comorbidity as a tool for investigation of dysregulated PMN and monocyte responses toB. pseudomalleiunderlying susceptibility of T2D individuals to melioidosis.

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45

Barai, Lovely, Md Shariful Alam Jilani, and J. Ashraful Haq. "Melioidosis case reports and review of cases recorded among Bangladeshi population from 1988-2014." Ibrahim Medical College Journal 8, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v8i1.22985.

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Melioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a potentially fatal infectious disease. Early and correct diagnosis is important, as mortality in untreated melioidosis is high. The first case of melioidosis from Bangladesh was reported in 1988. Since then a few cases have been reported from Bangladesh. We report here four culture confirmed cases of melioidosis diagnosed in BIRDEM Genaral Hospital during May 2009 to April 2010.The detail demographic data, clinical features and outcome are discussed. We have also reviewed all the melioidosis cases among Bangladeshi population recorded from 1988 to 2014.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2014; 8(1): 25-31

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46

Teparrukkul, Prapit, Worrarat Kongkasame, Songla Chitsaeng, Gumphol Wongsuwan, Vanaporn Wuthiekanun, Sharon J. Peacock, and Direk Limmathurotsakul. "Gastrointestinal tract involvement in melioidosis." Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 111, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trx031.

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Abstract Background Little is known about the involvement of the human gut in carriage and disease associated with Burkholderia pseudomallei, the cause of melioidosis. Methods A hospital-based study was conducted in Northeast Thailand to culture stools or rectal swabs from patients with melioidosis, stools from controls with non-infectious diseases, and gastric biopsies from patients undergoing routine endoscopic investigation. Results and Conclusion B. pseudomallei was isolated from 9/83 (11%) stools and 9/58 (16%) rectal swabs from 141 patients with melioidosis. All stools from 244 control patients and 799 gastric biopsies from 395 patients with no evidence of melioidosis were culture negative for B. pseudomallei. It is not uncommon for melioidosis patients to shed B. pseudomallei in stool. Colonization of the gut of individuals without signs and symptoms of melioidosis may be rare.

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47

AARDEMA, H., E. M. LUIJNENBURG, E. F. SALM, H. A. BIJLMER, C. E. VISSER, and J. W. VAN'T WOUT. "Changing epidemiology of melioidosis? A case of acute pulmonary melioidosis with fatal outcome imported from Brazil." Epidemiology and Infection 133, no. 5 (April 21, 2005): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805004103.

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Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is endemic in South East Asia and tropical regions of Northern Australia. Sporadic cases have been described elsewhere. In this article we present a case of acute pulmonary melioidosis with fatal outcome imported from Brazil. The most common pathogen causing severe community-acquired pneumonia in Brazil is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Other possible pathogens include Legionella spp., Mycoplasma pneumonia, Gram-negative rods and viruses. There are few reports of melioidosis in the Americas. This article represents the second known human case of melioidosis from Brazil. Recognition of melioidosis as a possible cause of severe pneumonia, even if a patient has not been travelling in a highly endemic area, is important because of the therapeutic consequences. The epidemiology of melioidosis will be reviewed.

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48

James, Gemma L., Ben Delaney, Linda Ward, Kevin Freeman, Mark Mayo, and Bart J. Currie. "Surprisingly Low Seroprevalence of Burkholderia pseudomallei in Exposed Healthy Adults in the Darwin Region of Tropical Australia Where Melioidosis Is Highly Endemic." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 5 (March 27, 2013): 759–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00021-13.

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ABSTRACTIn the Darwin region of Australia where melioidosis is highly endemic, only 11/354 (3%) healthy residents were seropositive by indirect hemagglutination assay, despite extensive exposure toBurkholderia pseudomallei. None developed melioidosis, but some described a prior self-limiting illness. This seropositivity rate is much lower than that seen in northeast Thailand, where melioidosis is similarly highly endemic, potentially reflecting important differences between these two locations in the epidemiology of melioidosis.

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49

Sankar Sastry, Apurba, Monika Sivaradjy, Lokesh Koumar, Lakshmi Shanmugam, Ketan Priyadarshi, and Deepanjali Surendran. "Melioidosis complicated with pericardial effusion - An emerging disease with a rare presentation." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2021.025.

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Melioidosis, caused by a non-fermenting gram negative bacilli, can mimic a variety of diseases due to its diverse clinical presentation. The incidence of cardiac involvement in melioidosis is less than 1%. We report a rare case of melioidosis in a 65 year old male with chronic kidney disease who presented with fever and pericardial effusion which was misdiagnosed and treated as tuberculous pericardial effusion. Later, on isolation of from paired blood culture samples, pericardial fluid and also from pleural fluid confirmed the diagnosis of disseminated melioidosis. The patient was treated with intravenous ceftazidime after which clinical improvement was observed. Cardiac melioidosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pericardial effusion and it should be ruled out before the start of anti-tubercular treatment. This will prevent unnecessary exposure to anti-tubercular drugs and also aids to start early treatment for melioidosis thereby reducing the mortality.

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50

Hodgetts, Kay, Mariana Kleinecke, Celeste Woerle, Mirjam Kaestli, Richard Budd, Jessica R. Webb, Linda Ward, Mark Mayo, Bart J. Currie, and Ella M. Meumann. "Melioidosis in the remote Katherine region of northern Australia." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): e0010486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010486.

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Abstract:

Melioidosis is endemic in the remote Katherine region of northern Australia. In a population with high rates of chronic disease, social inequities, and extreme remoteness, the impact of melioidosis is exacerbated by severe weather events and disproportionately affects First Nations Australians. All culture-confirmed melioidosis cases in the Katherine region of the Australian Top End between 1989–2021 were included in the study, and the clinical features and epidemiology were described. The diversity of Burkholderia pseudomallei strains in the region was investigated using genomic sequencing. From 1989–2021 there were 128 patients with melioidosis in the Katherine region. 96/128 (75%) patients were First Nations Australians, 72/128 (56%) were from a very remote region, 68/128 (53%) had diabetes, 57/128 (44%) had a history of hazardous alcohol consumption, and 11/128 (9%) died from melioidosis. There were 9 melioidosis cases attributable to the flooding of the Katherine River in January 1998; 7/9 flood-associated cases had cutaneous melioidosis, five of whom recalled an inoculating event injury sustained wading through flood waters or cleaning up after the flood. The 126 first-episode clinical B. pseudomallei isolates that underwent genomic sequencing belonged to 107 different sequence types and were highly diverse, reflecting the vast geographic area of the study region. In conclusion, melioidosis in the Katherine region disproportionately affects First Nations Australians with risk factors and is exacerbated by severe weather events. Diabetes management, public health intervention for hazardous alcohol consumption, provision of housing to address homelessness, and patient education on melioidosis prevention in First Nations languages should be prioritised.

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