Academic literature on the topic 'Melatonin Physiological effect'
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Journal articles on the topic "Melatonin Physiological effect"
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Chakravarty, Shilpa, and Syed Ibrahim Rizvi. "Day and Night GSH and MDA Levels in Healthy Adults and Effects of Different Doses of Melatonin on These Parameters." International Journal of Cell Biology 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/404591.
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The pineal secretory product melatonin (chemically, N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) acts as an effective antioxidant and free-radical scavenger and plays an important role in several physiological functions such as sleep induction, immunomodulation, cardiovascular protection, thermoregulation, neuroprotection, tumor-suppression and oncostasis. Membrane lipid-peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular glutathione (GSH) is considered to be a reliable marker of oxidative stress. The present work was undertaken to study the modulating effect of melatonin on MDA and GSH in human erythrocytes during day and night. Our observation shows the modulation of these two biomarkers by melatonin, and this may have important therapeutic implications.In vitrodose-dependent effect of melatonin also showed variation during day and night. We explain our observations on the basis of melatonin's antioxidative function and its effect on the fluidity of plasma membrane of red blood cells. Rhythmic modulation of MDA and GSH contents emphasized the role of melatonin as an antioxidant and its function against oxidative stress.
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Zaminy, Arash, Iraj Ragerdi Kashani, Mohammad Barbarestani, Azim Hedayatpour, Reza Mahmoudi, Safoura Vardasbi, and Mohammad Ali Shokrgozar. "Effects of melatonin on the proliferation and differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cells." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 41, no. 01 (January 2008): 08–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1699220.
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ABSTRACT Background: Osteogenesis driven by adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is regulated by physiological and pathological factors. Accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments suggests that melatonin may have an influence on bone formation. However, little is known about the effects of melatonin on osteogenesis, which thus remains to be elucidated. This study was performed to determine whether melatonin at physiological concentrations (0.01-10 nM) could affect the in vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat ADSCs.Materials and Methods: ADSCs were isolated from the fat of adult rats. After cell expansion in culture media and through three passages, osteogenesis was induced in a monolayer culture using osteogenic medium with or without melatonin at physiological concentrations (0.01-10 nM). After four weeks, the cultures were examined for mineralization by Alizarin Red S and von Kossa staining and for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity using an ALP kit. Cell viability and apoptosis were also assayed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively.Results: The results indicated that at physiological concentrations, melatonin suppressed proliferation and differentiation of ADSCs. These data indicate that ADSCs exposed to melatonin, had a lower ALP activity in contrast to the cells exposed to osteogenic medium alone. Similarly, mineral deposition (calcium level) also decreased in the presence of melatonin. Flow cytometry confirmed that cell growth had decreased and that the numbers of apoptotic cells had increased.Conclusion: These results suggest that the physiological concentration of melatonin has a negative effect on ADSC osteogenesis.
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Fernández-Alegre, Estela, Indira Álvarez-Fernández, Juan Carlos Domínguez, Adriana Casao, and Felipe Martínez-Pastor. "Melatonin Non-Linearly Modulates Bull Spermatozoa Motility and Physiology in Capacitating and Non-Capacitating Conditions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 2701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082701.
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Bull spermatozoa physiology may be modulated by melatonin. We washed ejaculated spermatozoa free of melatonin and incubated them (4 h, 38 °C) with 0-pM, 1-pM, 100-pM, 10-nM and 1-µM melatonin in TALP-HEPES (non-capacitating) and TALP-HEPES-heparin (capacitating). This range of concentrations encompassed the effects mediated by melatonin receptors (pM), intracellular targets (nM–µM) or antioxidant activity (µM). Treatment effects were assessed as motility changes by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) of motility and physiological changes by flow cytometry. Melatonin effects were more evident in capacitating conditions, with 100 pM reducing motility and velocity (VCL) while increasing a “slow” subpopulation. All concentrations decreased apoptotic spermatozoa and stimulated mitochondrial activity in viable spermatozoa, with 100 pM–1 µM increasing acrosomal damage, 10 nM–1 µM increasing intracellular calcium and 1 pM reducing the response to a calcium-ionophore challenge. In non-capacitating media, 1 µM increased hyperactivation-related variables and decreased apoptotic spermatozoa; 100 pM–1 µM increased membrane disorders (related to capacitation); all concentrations decreased mitochondrial ROS production. Melatonin concentrations had a modal effect on bull spermatozoa, suggesting a capacitation-modulating role and protective effect at physiological concentrations (pM). Some effects may be of practical use, considering artificial reproductive techniques.
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Liu, Guoyin, Bing Li, Xiuqiong Li, Yunxie Wei, Debing Liu, and Haitao Shi. "Comparative Physiological Analysis of Methyl Jasmonate in the Delay of Postharvest Physiological Deterioration and Cell Oxidative Damage in Cassava." Biomolecules 9, no. 9 (September 5, 2019): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9090451.
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The short postharvest life of cassava is mainly due to its rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) and cell oxidative damage, however, how to effectively control this remains elusive. In this study, South China 5 cassava slices were sprayed with water and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to study the effects of MeJA on reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes, quality, endogenous hormone levels, and melatonin biosynthesis genes. We found that exogenous MeJA could delay the deterioration rate for at least 36 h and alleviate cell oxidative damage through activation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. Moreover, MeJA increased the concentrations of melatonin and gibberellin during PPD, which had a significant effect on regulating PPD. Notably, exogenous MeJA had a significant effect on maintaining cassava quality, as evidenced by increased ascorbic acid content and carotenoid content. Taken together, MeJA treatment is an effective and promising way to maintain a long postharvest life, alleviate cell oxidative damage, and regulate storage quality in cassava.
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Glebezdina, N. S., A. A. Olina, I. V. Nekrasova, and E. M. Kuklina. "Molecular mechanisms of control of differentiation of regulatory t-lymphocytes by exogenous melatonin." Доклады Академии наук 484, no. 2 (April 13, 2019): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524842224-227.
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We investigated the role of epiphyseal hormone melatonin in the differentiation of naive CD4+T cells into regulatory T cells (Treg). The hormone at physiological and pharmacological concentrations inhibited Treg differentiation, decreasing both the proportion of CD4+FOXP3+ cells in the culture and the level of TGF‑β, the key cytokine for this T cell subpopulation. The inhibitory effect of exogenous melatonin was due to its interaction with the membrane receptors MT1 and MT2. At the same time, the signals realized through RORa — the nuclear receptor for melatonin — stimulated Treg formation; however, they were considerably weaker than the signals from the membrane receptors and were overlapped by the latter. Since the Treg subpopulation plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes in the body, the revealed effects of melatonin should be taken into account in its therapeutic use.
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Iwan, Paulina, Jan Stepniak, and Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska. "Cumulative Protective Effect of Melatonin and Indole-3-Propionic Acid against KIO3—Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Porcine Thyroid." Toxics 9, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics9050089.
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Iodine deficiency is the main environmental factor leading to thyroid cancer. At the same time iodine excess may also contribute to thyroid cancer. Potassium iodate (KIO3), which is broadly used in salt iodization program, may increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids (lipid peroxidation, LPO) under experimental conditions, with the strongest damaging effect at KIO3 concentration of ~10 mM (corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid). Melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) are effective antioxidative indoles, each of which protects against KIO3-induced LPO in the thyroid. The study aims to check if melatonin used together with IPA (in their highest achievable in vitro concentrations) reveals stronger protective effects against KIO3-induced LPO in porcine thyroid homogenates than each of these antioxidants used separately. Homogenates were incubated in the presence of KIO3 (200; 100; 50; 25; 20; 15; 10; 7.5; 5.0; 2.5; 1.25; 0.0 mM) without/with melatonin (5 mM) or without/with IPA (10 mM) or without/with melatonin + IPA, and then, to further clarify the narrow range of KIO3 concentrations, against which melatonin + IPA reveal cumulative protective effects, the following KIO3 concentrations were used: 20; 18.75; 17.5; 16.25; 15; 13.75; 12.5; 11.25; 10; 8.75; 7.5; 0.0 mM. Malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxyalkenals (MDA + 4-HDA) concentration (LPO index) was measured spectrophotometrically. Protective effects of melatonin + IPA were stronger than those revealed by each antioxidant used separately, but only when LPO was induced by KIO3 in concentrations from 18.75 mM to 8.75 mM, corresponding to physiological iodine concentration in the thyroid. In conclusion, melatonin and indole-3-propionic acid exert cumulative protective effects against oxidative damage caused by KIO3, when this prooxidant is used in concentrations close to physiological iodine concentrations in the thyroid. Therefore, the simultaneous administration of these two indoles should be considered to prevent more effectively oxidative damage (and thereby thyroid cancer formation) caused by iodine compounds applied in iodine prophylaxis.
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Yang, Lu, Sijia Bu, Shengxue Zhao, Ning Wang, Jiaxin Xiao, Feng He, and Xuan Gao. "Transcriptome and physiological analysis of increase in drought stress tolerance by melatonin in tomato." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): e0267594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267594.
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Drought stress seriously affects tomato growth, yield and quality. Previous reports have pointed out that melatonin (MT) can alleviate drought stress damage to tomato. To better understand the possible physiological and molecular mechanisms, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and leaf transcriptome profiles were analyzed in the “Micro Tom” tomato cultivar with or without melatonin irrigation under normal and drought conditions. Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) simulated continuous drought treatment reduced plant height, but melatonin treatment improved plant growth rate. Physiological parameter measurements revealed that the drought-induced decreases in maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, the effective quantum yield of PSII, electron transfer rate, and photochemical quenching value caused by PEG6000 treatment were alleviated by melatonin treatment, which suggests a protective effect of melatonin on PSII. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 447, 3982, 4526 and 3258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparative groups plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (no drought), drought vs. no drought (minus-melatonin), drought vs. no drought (melatonin) and plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (drought), respectively. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that DEGs in the four comparative groups were involved in multiple metabolic processes and closely related to hormone signal transduction and transcription factors. Transcriptome data revealed that melatonin changed the expression pattern of most hormone signal transduction related DEGs induced by drought, and improved plant drought resistance by down-regulating the expression of linoleic acid catabolic enzyme genes. These results provide new insights into a probable mechanism of the melatonin-induced protection of photosynthesis and enhancement of drought tolerance in tomato plants.
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Bigham-Sadegh, Amin. "The Effects of Melatonin in Bone Healing." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 3, no. 2 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000155.
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Melatonin, an endogenous hormone, regularly is produced in pineal gland. Suprachiasmatic nucleus and the light/dark cycle controls melatonin function. Melatonin doesn't act upon specific target tissue; it reaches all organs and tissues and enters all intra cellular structures like mitochondria and nucleus. Melatonin has an important effect on physiological processes of body including regulation of blood pressure, circadian rhythms, ovarian function, seasonal reproduction, and immune function. The general ef fects of melatonin in bone health were proposed by many researchers during the last years. First experiments studied the influence of the pineal gland on level of serum calcium. It has been saw that inhibition the melatonin biosynthesis by exposure of youn g rats to the fluorescent light decrease the concentration of calcium in the serum. The effects of melatonin on bone healing were investigated by scientists, and they observed which melatonin protects the bone from fracture. Studies have showed which melat onin has an influential role on bone - healing because of its regulation of bone cells, antioxidant properties, and promotion of angiogenesis actions. Scientists have been show that melatonin has aninfluential role in bone healing process due to its regulati on of bone cells, antioxidant properties, and promotion of angiogenesis actions.
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Raynaud, F., J. L. Miguel, B. Vivien-Roels, M. Masson-Pévet, and P. Pévet. "The effect of 5-methoxytryptamine on golden hamster gonads is not a consequence of its acetylation into melatonin." Journal of Endocrinology 121, no. 3 (June 1989): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1210507.
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ABSTRACT Radioimmunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography were used to determine if the gonadal atrophy induced by late afternoon injections of 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MT) in golden hamsters kept under long photoperiod could be due to the acetylation of this compound into melatonin. An increase in plasma concentrations of melatonin (10–13 nmol/l) was detected 15 min after injection of 130 nmol 5-MT. An injection of 4·3 nmol melatonin generated a similar plasma concentration of melatonin. 5-MT (130 nmol) and melatonin (4·3 nmol) were then injected daily in the late afternoon to golden hamsters kept under long photoperiod. After 8 weeks, 5-MT induced total testicular regression, while melatonin induced partial atrophy only. Thus under these experimental conditions, 5-MT had a physiological activity independent of that of melatonin. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 121, 507–512
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Prada, Claudia, Susan B. Udin, Allan F. Wiechmann, and Irina V. Zhdanova. "Stimulation of Melatonin Receptors Decreases Calcium Levels in Xenopus Tectal Cells by Activating GABAC Receptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 2 (August 2005): 968–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01286.2004.
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To investigate the physiological effects of melatonin receptors in the Xenopus tectum, we have used the fluorescent indicator Fluo-4 AM to monitor calcium dynamics of cells in tectal slices. Bath application of KCl elicited fluorescence increases that were reduced by melatonin. This effect was stronger at the end of the light period than at the end of the dark period. Melatonin increased γ-aminobutyric acid-C (GABAC)–receptor activity, as demonstrated by the ability of the GABAC-receptor antagonists, picrotoxin and TPMPA, to abolish the effects of melatonin. In contrast, neither the GABAA-receptor antagonist bicuculline nor the GABAB-receptor antagonist CGP 35348 diminished the effects of melatonin. RT-PCR analyses revealed expression of the 3 known melatonin receptors, MT1 (Mel1a), MT2 (Mel1b), and Mel1c. Because the effect of melatonin on tectal calcium increases was antagonized by an MT2-selective antagonist, 4-P-PDOT, we performed Western blot analyses with an antibody to the MT2 receptor; the data indicate that the MT2 receptor is expressed primarily as a dimeric complex and is glycosylated. The receptor is present in higher amounts at the end of the light period than at the end of the dark period, in a pattern complementary to the changes in melatonin levels, which are higher during the night than during the day. These results imply that melatonin, acting by MT2 receptors, modulates GABAC receptor activity in the optic tectum and that this effect is influenced by the light–dark cycle.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Melatonin Physiological effect"
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Pugazhenthi, Kamali, and n/a. "Melatonin : a new factor in wound healing." University of Otago. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081208.151313.
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Wound healing is a dynamic process that ultimately leads to restoration of tissue integrity and function. The pineal gland hormone melatonin is known for its anti-oncotic, anti- inflammatory and immuno-modulatory effects. However, its role in wound healing has not been established.
Since melatonin is synthesised endogenously, we primarily sought to investigate whether the melatonin receptors played a role in the wound healing process. Using immunohistochemical methods and Western blot analysis we observed that MT₁ was normally absent in the rat skin but was strongly expressed on day 1 to day 3 post wounding in the epidermis adjacent to the wound edge. MT₁ expression was restricted to the stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum layers of the epidermis in the rat wounds. MT₁ expression declined thereafter and became nonexistent by day 21 when the wound had completely healed. In contrast, MT₂ was constitutively expressed in all the layers of the normal rat epidermis. MT₂ expression gradually decreased at the injury site following wounding but returned to the normal profile by day 21. Aged rat epidermis showed similar MT₁ and MT₂ expression as adult rats. The profile of tissue distribution of MT₁ and MT₂ in the human epidermis was comparable to the rat epidermis. In the CVUs MT₁ and MT₂ localisation profiles resembled that of a healing wound, akin to a day 1 or day 3 rat dermal wound, during the inflammatory phase. Surprisingly, in contrast to all the tissues investigated, MT₁ was also localised in the stratum basale layer of the keloid epidermis. MT₂ localisation in the same keloid tissues however resembled normal human skin profiles.
Secondly, we determined the effects of exogenously administered melatonin, on scarring and wound healing, using a full thickness incisional model of wound healing in rats. Melatonin treatment significantly improved the quality of scarring by day 21. However, our findings would have been strengthened by a more explicit wound closure analysis, measurement of granulation tissue weight, tensile strength, hydroxyl proline content and immunohistochemical assessments of neutrophil infiltration, macrophages, fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and reepithelialization. The treatment also accelerated the angiogenic process and enhanced the VEGF protein profile. Arginase generates proline, the building block for collagen synthesis. Melatonin treatment increased arginase activity and consequently would increase collagen synthesis from day 1. An increase in NOS activity and therefore NO production is known to be detrimental during inflammation. However, various studies have also shown that the NO is essential for granulation tissue formation. Melatonin treatment significantly decreased iNOS activity during the acute inflammatory phase in this study, but significantly increased iNOS activity during the resolving phase. Other markers of inflammatory response and repair were also examined in this study. COX-2 has been shown to play an anti-inflammatory role and melatonin increased COX-2 activity and protein following wounding. SOD (the antioxidant enzyme) activity was also significantly increased during the chronic inflammatory phase on melatonin administration. HO-1 and HO-2 isoforms have also been previously demonstrated to participate in the repair process. Melatonin treatment increased up-regulation of both HO-1 and HO-2 protein expression in the wounded skin. A significant decrease in all the mitochondrial enzyme activities (except complex-II-III), was observed post wounding. Melatonin treatment restored the complex activities to near normal levels. Melatonin also protected mitochondrial membrane integrity and reduced oxidative stress as evidenced by the maintained level of aconitase and citrate synthase activities at near normal levels.
In vitro experiments using macrophage and fibroblast cell lines illustrated that melatonin may decrease NOS activity and protein profiles indirectly by stimulating arginase activity and thereby depleting the availability of arginine.
This study is the first to fully demonstrate the distribution of melatonin receptors in normal and abnormal wounds. Improvement in the quality of scarring in a rat model of wound healing on melatonin administration is promising but much more quantitative work and preclinical studies are required before melatonin advances into clinical assessment.
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游燕珍 and Yin-chun Mabel Yau. "Studies on melatonin receptors in guinea pig platelets and melatonin actions on human leukemic megakaryoblast MEG-01 cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242613.
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Lee, Jack Monroe Jr. "Seasonal Patterns of Melatonin, Cortisol, and Progesterone Secretion in Female Lambs Raised Beneath a 500-kV Transmission Line." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1317.
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There is ongoing controversy about the possibility of adverse biological effects from environmental exposures to electric and magnetic fields. These fields are produced by all electrical equipment and appliances including electrical transmission lines. The objective of this environmental science study was to investigate the possible effects of a high voltage transmission line on domestic sheep (Ovis aries L,), a species that can often be found near such lines. The study was primarily designed to determine whether a specific effect of electric and magnetic fields found in laboratory animals also occurs in livestock under natural environmental conditions. The effect is the ability of fields, at levels found in the environment, to significantly depress the normally high nocturnal concentrations of the pineal hormone melatonin. Melatonin mediates the reproductive response to changes in photoperiod in seasonal breeders such as sheep. Factors which modify the production of nocturnal melatonin in sheep can have important effects on the timing of seasonal reproduction including the onset of puberty in this species. Ten female Suffolk lambs were penned for 10 months directly beneath a 500-kV transmission line near Estacada, Oregon. Ten other lambs of the same type were penned in a control area away from the transmission line where electric and magnetic fields were at ambient levels. Serum melatonin was analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) from 6618 blood samples collected at 0.5 to 3-hour intervals over eight 48-hour periods. Serum progesterone was analyzed by RIA from blood samples collected twice weekly beginning when the lambs were 23 weeks old. This hormone was used to measure the onset of puberty. Serum cortisol was also assayed by RIA from the blood samples collected during the 48-hour samples. This was done to assess whether exposure to the transmission line produced stress in the growing lambs. Other supplemental biological data collected included body weight gain, wool growth, and behavior. An extensive study was conducted by engineers from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) to measure electric and magnetic fields and noise to which the lambs were exposed. This was accomplished by installing permanent monitors near both the control and line pens. Results showed that lambs in both the control and line groups had the typical pattern of melatonin secretion consisting of low daytime and high nighttime serum concentrations. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in melatonin levels, or in the phase or duration of the nighttime melatonin elevation. Age at puberty and number of reproductive cycles also did not differ between groups. Serum cortisol showed a circadian rhythm with highest concentrations during the day. Cortisol concentrations also seemed to reflect effects of known stressors on livestock, e.g., weaning, introduction to new housing, and vehicle transport. There were, however, no differences in cortisol concentrations between groups. Statistical analyses on other biological parameters revealed no differences between groups for body weight gain, wool growth, or behavior. The electrical monitoring program verified that the line group lambs were exposed to electric and magnetic fields at levels typical of those found beneath commercial 500-kV transmission lines. In summary, the large effect of electric and magnetic fields on melatonin concentrations reported in laboratory animals was not observed in this study of sheep.
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Lack, Barbara Anne. "Metal interactions with neural substrates and their role in neurodegeneration." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005709.
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"Life" may be characterized as a controlled stationary flow equilibrium, maintained by energy consuming chemical reactions. The physiological functioning of these life systems include at least 28 of the elements isolated on the periodic table thus far, most of which are metals. However, as with Paracelsus Principle: "The dose makes the poison", there exists a definite link between metal levels, essential and toxic, and the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. The economic costs of brain dysfunction are enormous, but this pales in comparison to the staggering emotional toll on the victims themselves and their families. In an attempt to improve the understanding of the causes of neurodegeneration, this study focuses on one potential aspect: the possible link between metals and neurotransmitter homeostasis utilising a variety of electronanalytical techniques. Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry was employed to investigate the binding affinities and complex formation of melatonin and its precursor serotonin with calcium, potassium, sodium, lithium and aluminium. The results showed that all the metals studied formed complexes with both pineal indoleamines. However, the stability and affmity of the ligands toward the various metals varied greatly. The study suggests a further role for melatonin, that of metalloregulator and possible metal detoxifier in the brain, the in vivo studies which followed will further substantiate this notion. This research additionally focused on the cholinergic system, in particular acetylcholine complex formation studies with mercury, lead, cadmium, copper and zinc using the adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry method. The formation and characterisation of a solid mercury-acetylcholine complex lent further strength to the in situ electrochemical complex formation observed. The results showed the preference of acetylcholine for environmentally toxic heavy metals (such as Cd²⁺) over those divalent cations that occur naturally in the body. The possible metalloregulatory role melatonin played in the three brain regIOns: cerebellum, cortex and corpus striatum of male Wistar rats was studied as an in vivo extension of the earlier in vitro studies. Anodic stripping voltammetry was employed to detect metal levels present. The results showed that daily injections of melatonin was responsible for significantly decreasing copper(I), cadmium(II) and lead(II) levels in various regions of the rat brain of those animals that had undergone a pinealectomy in comparison to the saline injected group having undergone the same treatment. Histological and electrochemical stripping techniques were applied to investigate the implications of high A1³⁺ levels in the brain regions, particularly the hippocampus. Melatonin showed signs of promise in indirect symptom alleviation and by significantly decreasing A1³⁺ levels in rats that had been dosed with melatonin prior to A1³⁺ treatments in comparison with the control groups. Finally a preliminary study outlining a method for the production of a calcium selective microelectrode was undertaken. Further work is still needed to optimise the microelectrode production as well as its possible applications. However, whilst the overall conclusions of this entire multidisciplinary study may indeed only be in effect one piece of a very large puzzle on neurodegenerative diseases, this piece will no doubt serve as a building block for further ideas and work in this field.
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Heuvel, Cameron J. van den. "The role of melatonin in human thermoregulation and sleep /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv2272.pdf.
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Oguine, Adaora. "The effect of food access schedule and diet composition on the rhythmicity of serum melatonin and pineal N-acetyltransferase activity in rats /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33816.
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Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, which is known to modulate biological rhythms in mammals. This study investigated the effect of food access schedule and dietary composition on serum melatonin and pineal NAT activity in adult male Wistar rats. These rats were maintained on a 12:12 h light:dark schedule with lights on at 0800h. The rats were randomly assigned to two dietary groups. A group was simultaneously fed a protein-rich and carbohydrate-rich granulated diet and the other group fed granulated rat chow. Each dietary group was further divided based on dietary feeding schedules. Animals were fed between 0800--1600 h or fed ad libitum. The study revealed that protein intake of rats fed the dietary choice was lower with the restricted access than in the free access. In rats fed dietary choice, the nocturnal melatonin levels and pineal NAT activity were significantly lower under the restricted access feeding when compared to the ad libitum feeding schedule. This was not observed in rats fed single chow diet. In conclusion our data demonstrate that food composition does affect the nocturnal synthesis of melatonin as well as the activity of the enzyme NAT. This could be via dietary intake of tryptophan, which is a precursor melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland.
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Howard, Christina Marie. "Seasonal and Sex Differences in the Effects of Melatonin on Brain Arginine Vasotocin in Green Treefrogs (Hyla cinerea): Relationship to Melatonin Receptor 1a." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1871.
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Critical life history events such as breeding, migration and hibernation must take place in the correct environmental context to minimize deleterious consequences on survival and reproductive fitness. Neuroendocrine mechanisms synchronizing internal physiological states with extrinsic environmental cues are vital to timing life history events appropriately. Secretion of the pineal hormone melatonin is sensitive to light and temperature cues, which provides a physiological indicator of time of day and time of year for organisms. Melatonin influences seasonal reproduction in a variety of vertebrates, likely by altering the synthesis and/or release of reproductive neuropeptides in the brain. The neuropeptides arginine vasotocin and its mammalian homologue, arginine vasopressin, are well-known modulators of reproductive and sociosexual behavior across vertebrate taxa, and are likely targets of melatonin in the context of seasonal reproduction. There is extensive evidence that vasotocin/vasopressin innervation in the brain is subject to seasonal variation, and that this variation is frequently sexually dimorphic. However, evidence that melatonin directly modulates this important neuropeptide system is lacking. Melatonin receptor 1a (MT1 in mammals) may be responsible for mediating melatonin's influence on brain vasotocin, as it is known to regulate seasonal reproduction in a variety of vertebrates. In the present study, I asked whether melatonin influences brain vasotocin in male green treefrogs (Hyla cinerea), and compared the distribution of melatonin receptor 1a in the brain of green treefrogs between sexes and seasons. Adult male and female green treefrogs were collected from field sites in Louisiana during the summer breeding season. Summer animals were acclimated to lab conditions for 3 weeks, then euthanized and their brains collected. Winter animals were maintained in the lab for four months under incrementally changing photo-, thermo-, and hygroperiod regimes that mimicked the transition to winter in their natural habitat, followed by euthanasia and brain collection. A subset of winter males (Experiment 1) were implanted with melatonin-filled or blank silastic capsules for a period of one month prior to euthanasia and brain collection. Brains of these males were processed for vasotocin immunohistochemistry. I quantified AVT-ir cell number in Experiment 1 males in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), amygdala and caudal striatum (AMG), preoptic area (POA), suprachaismatic nucleus (SCN), and ventral hypothalamus (VH). Melatonin did not influence brain vasotocin-ir cell number in any brain region. Brains from untreated summer and winter males and females were collected and processed for MT1 immunohistochemistry. MT1-ir cells were quantified in the NAcc, striatum (STR), AMG, POA, SCN, and VH. In all regions quantified, reproductively active males had significantly more MT1-ir cells than nonreproductive males. Within the summer breeding season, males had significantly more MT1-ir cells in the NAcc than did reproductively active females. In all other regions there was no significant difference in MT1-ir cell number between reproductively active males and females. Collectively, these data suggest that melatonin modulates vasotocin via MT1. These findings assist in elucidating the neuroendocrine mechanisms by which vertebrates integrate seasonal cues with physiology to correctly time critical life history events.
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Allen, Andrée Elizabeth. "Indole rhythms, locomotor activity and the environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231482.
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Boyd, Clinton Shane. "An investigation into dopamine-melatonin interactions in the rat Corpus striatum and pineal gland: a possible pineal-striatal axis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003965.
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Dysfunction of central dopaminergic systems has been implicated in neuroendocrine, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Monoamine oxidase and catechol-Omethyltransferase represent the key catabolic enzymes of dopamine, terminating neurotransmission following synaptic release of this catecholamine. Thus, both enzymes have been associated with the pathology of dopaminergic systems and represent therapeutic targets elf enormous clinical importance. Some neuroendocrine and circadian effects of melatonin have been attributed to an antidopamimetic effect of this pineal hormone in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Furthermore, both melatonin and dopamine modulate the behavioural output of the mesencephalic dopaminergic pathways of the basal ganglia, including movement disorders. However, the biochemical basis for the tonic inhibitory effect of melatonin in the nigro-striatal pathway has been poorly delineated. Thus, this study determined whether melatonin influences dopaminergic function in the corpus striatum of the Wistar rat by modulating monoamine oxidase and catecholO- methyltransferase activity. Reciprocally, the putative existence of an intrapineal dopaminergic system was investigated by determining the effect of selective dopaminergic agents, R-( -)apomorphine, haloperidol and dopamine, on indole metabolism of the pineal gland. The akinetic state of drug-induced catalepsy was employed as an animal model of Parkinson's disease to probe the neurotransmitter systems involved in the behavioural effects of melatonin. Indole metabolism was a reliable indicator of state-dependent metabolic fluxes in pineal gland function. These included a robust diurnal and seasonal variation in N-acetylserotonin and melatonin biosynthesis, and photoperiod- and drug-induced alterations of Inftabolism. The predominant changes could be attributed to an effect on serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity and/or the melatoninl5-methoxytryptophol ratio. Pineal 5-methoxyindole biosynthesis was determined primarily by the bioavailability of the corresponding 5-hydroxyindole and its affinity for hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase. Evidence was found for the negative feedback or paracrine control of pineal indole metabolism by melatonin. A high inter-individual variability was observed in the biosynthesis of N-acetylserotonin and melatonin biosynthesis, and the weight of the pineal glands. Accordingly, the rats could be classified as either high or low capacity producers of these two indoles. R-(-)-apomorphine and dopamine in vitro, but not acute haloperidol in vivo, had dose- and phase-dependent effects on pineal indole metabolism. The predominant effect was a suppression of the scotophase-dependent induction ofN-acetylserotonin and melatonin biosynthesis by dopamine and R-( -)-apomorphine. It is postulated that these agonists inhibited nocturnal N-acetyltransferase activity via postsynaptic pineal D2 or D2-like receptors. The observed modulatory nature of the intrapineal dopaminergic system suggests that dopamine may be involved in the long-term regulation of pineal indole biosynthesis. Several lines of evidence are presented that the activity of striatal monoamine oxidase A and catechol-O-methyltransferase, represented predominantly by the soluble isoform, is statedependent and regulated in vivo by endogenous melatonin. Firstly, both enzymes showed a daynight variation in activity. Secondly, acute and subchronic administration and photoperiod manipulation studies indicated that both exogenous and endogenous melatonin inhibited each enzyme in a chronotypic fashion, with a more robust effect against catechol- -methyltransferase. The intensity of the in vivo effects was critically dependent on the dose, duration, route and the phase-timing of administration during the light dark cycle, and the length of the exposure to constant light. Melatonin in vitro had no effect on basal or Mg2+ -induced catechol-Omethyltransferase activity. Thus, it is proposed that the in vivo effects of the hormone can be attributed to a time-dependent change in the amount of active molecules of this enzyme. In contrast, melatonin and numerous other endogenous indolic compounds were found to be reversible inhibitors of striatal monoamine oxidase A in vitro. Structure-activity modeling revealed that the 5-methoxy moiety on the indole nucleus and substitution of the free primary amine of these compounds were the principal determinants of the potency and time-dependency of inhibition. Thus melatonin most likely has a direct inhibitory effect in vivo at the level of the active site of monoamine oxidase A. Exogenous melatonin alone had no cataleptogenic potential whereas a variety of behavioural responses were observed following intraperitoneal administration of y-hydroxybutyrate. The latter responses were state-dependent with day-night variations in intensity. Furthermore, yhydroxybutyrate stimulated melatonin biosynthesis during the photophase both in vitro and in vivo. These results point to a possible involvement of melatonin in the behavioural and neurochemical effects of y-hydroxybutyrate. Thus the general conclusion is that dopamine and melatonin display functional antagonism at the level of the pineal gland and corpus striatum of the Wistar rats. Therefore melatonin may be an important homeostatic modulator of dopaminergic neurotransmission throu~out the central nervous system. Furthermore, the putative existence of a functional pineal-striatal axis would greatly strengthen the argument for a holistic concept of brain homeostasis. The ability of endogenous melatonin to regulate monoamine oxidase A and catechol-O-methyltransferase may represent an alternative strategy for the treatment of disorders associated with these enzymes.
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Earl, Colin R. "The regulation of the timing of melatonin secretion in the sheep." Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe12.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-195) Addresses the nature of the central mechanisms involved in the regulation of the circadian pattern of secretion of the pineal hormone melatonin in the highly seasonal Suffolk breed of sheep. Provides new information on the behaviour of the onset and offset of melatonin secretion under different photoperiodic conditions.
Books on the topic "Melatonin Physiological effect"
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Michael, Boyette, ed. Melatonina: La nueva panacea. México, D.F: Ediciones Roca, 1997.
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Michael, Boyette, ed. Melatonina: La nueva panacea. Barcelona: Martínez Roca, 1996.
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Michael, Boyette, ed. Stay young the melatonin way: The natural plan for better sex, better sleep, better health, and longer life. New York: Penguin, 1996.
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Bock, Steven J. Stay young the melatonin way: The natural plan for better sex, better sleep, better health, and longer life. New York: Dutton, 1995.
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Michael, Boyette, ed. Stay young the melatonin way: The natural plan for better sex, better sleep, better health, and longer life. New York, N.Y: Penguin Group, 1995.
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Michael, Boyette, ed. Stay young the melatonin way: The natural plan for better sex, better sleep, better health, and longer life. London: Vermilion, 1995.
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Rozencwaig, Roman. The melatonin and aging sourcebook. Prescott, Ariz: Hohm Press, 1997.
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Watson, Ronald R. Melatonin in the promotion of health. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012.
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R, Watson Ronald, ed. Melatonin in the promotion of health. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1999.
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LeVert, Suzanne. Melatonin: The anti-aging hormone. New York: Avon Books, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Melatonin Physiological effect"
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Messner, M., R. Hardeland, A. Rodenbeck, and G. Huether. "Effect of Continuous Melatonin Infusions on Steady-State Plasma Melatonin Levels, Metabolic Fate and Tissue Retention in Rats Under Near Physiological Conditions." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 303–13. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4709-9_39.
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Pévet, Paul, Bruno Pitrosky, Mireille Masson-Pévet, Raymond Kirsch, Bernard Canguilhem, and Berthe Vivien-Roels. "Physiologial Effects and Biological Activity of Melatonin." In The Pineal Gland and Its Hormones, 33–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1911-9_4.
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Claustrat, Bruno. "Melatonin: An Introduction to Its Physiological and Pharmacological Effects in Humans." In Melatonin and Melatonergic Drugs in Clinical Practice, 205–19. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0825-9_14.
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Kahraman, Oğuzhan, Zekeriya Safa İnanç, Huzur Derya Arık, and Mustafa Selçuk Alataş. "Use of Melatonin as a Feed Additive." In Melatonin - Recent Updates [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105999.
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Melatonin is a molecule that plays an active role in reducing many stress factors in plants and has important functions in the growth, development and reproduction of plants. It has many physiological functions that directly affect feed consumption, feed efficiency, energy metabolism and immune system in animal organisms. In addition, its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and antiapoptotic effects are also known. While melatonin has an antioxidative effect at low doses, it can exert a prooxidant effect at high doses. It has been suggested that when melatonin is used as a silage additive, it increases the total acid content of the silage and significantly improves the silage fermentation quality by lowering the pH level and butyric acid. Although it has positive effects on mammary gland involution and general health in ruminants, its effects on yield parameters have not been proven. Broilers and layers are expected high productivity and performance, in this regard, they are faced with stress factors such as intensive feeding and housing conditions. Considering its positive effects on stress factors, health and productivity, melatonin is a promising feed additive. Effects of melatonin additive or supplements on animal productivity and health should be revealed in further studies.
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Merhan, Oguz. "Biochemistry and Antioxidant Effects of Melatonin." In Melatonin - Recent Updates [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106260.
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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine) is a hormone taking place in many biological and physiological processes, such as reproduction, sleep, antioxidant effect, and circadian rhythm (biological clock), and is a multifunctional indolamine compound synthesized mainly from the metabolism of tryptophan via serotonin in the pineal gland. Melatonin, which is a hormone synthesized from the essential amino acid tryptophan, is substantially secreted from the pineal gland between the cerebral hemispheres found in the mammalian brain. In addition to this, it is also produced in the cells and tissues, such as the gastrointestinal system, gall, epithelial hair follicles, skin, retina, spleen, testis, salivary glands, bone marrow, leukocytes, placenta, and thrombocytes. It plays a role in many physiological events, such as synchronizing circadian rhythms, reproduction, fattening, molting, hibernation, and change of pigment granules, preserving the integrity of the gastrointestinal system with an anti-ulcerative effect in tissues and organs from which it is produced. Melatonin is also a powerful antioxidant and anti-apoptotic agent that prevents oxidative and nitrosative damage to all macromolecules due to its ability to form in metabolic activities, directly excrete toxic oxygen derivatives, and reduce the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In this book chapter, we will explain the structure, synthesis, metabolism, and antioxidant effects of the melatonin hormone.
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Kara, Hülya, and Adem Kara. "Melatonin in Cardiovascular Diseases." In Melatonin - Recent Updates [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106085.
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Melatonin is an endocrine product released from the gland known as the pineal gland and is predominantly secreted during the night. Light exerts an inhibitory effect on melatonin secretion in the pineal gland. The suprachiasmatic nucleus controls pineal melatonin synthesis and its release via the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, which includes synapses in the intermediolateral cell column of the thoracic cord and its projection toward the superior cervical ganglia. Melatonin regulates many physiological functions in the body through membrane receptors and nuclear binding sites. In a chick study, the presence of melatonin receptors in cardiomyocytes was reported and, in another study, MT1 and MT2 membrane receptors were identified in left ventricular cardiomyocytes of the human heart. For this reason, it is suggested that melatonin has some regulatory effects on the cardiovascular system. Ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarctions are the main cause of cardiovascular death. Studies have shown that melatonin applications reduce the amount of blood cholesterol, LDL, and triglyceride and increase the amount of HDL. In light of these data, it can be said that melatonin is an important cardiovascular system protector. In this chapter, the protective effects and mechanisms of melatonin on the cardiovascular system will be discussed.
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Solís-Chagoyán, Héctor, Jairo Muñoz-Delgado, Rosa Estrada-Reyes, Salvador Alarcón-Elizalde, and Gloria Benítez-King. "Circadian Modulation of Neurodevelopment in the Adult Human Brain: Importance of Melatonin." In Circadian Rhythm - New Insights Into the Physiological and Pathological Implications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102859.
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Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indoleamine synthesized by the pineal gland in the dark phase of the photoperiod. Released melatonin into the pineal recess and the cerebrospinal fluid is the chemical signal that conveys information about the environmental illumination to the brain. In recent years, it was described that melatonin stimulates the neurodevelopment in the adult brain. During this complex process, new neurons are formed and differentiate to form synaptic connections. Neuropsychiatric disorders are characterized by the loss of neuronal connectivity and diminished levels of melatonin, among other features. Importantly, these patients have impaired circadian rhythms. In recent years, evidence aroused indicating that neurodevelopment occurs in the adult brain, making important the study of chemical compounds and endogenous molecules that stimulate neurodevelopment to reestablish synaptic connectivity. In this chapter, we will review the evidence that supports the circadian melatonin modulatory effects on neurodevelopment and its importance for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Kayabekir, Murat. "Neurophysiology of Basic Molecules Affecting Sleep and Wakefulness Mechanisms, Fundamentals of Sleep Pharmacology." In Sleep Medicine and the Evolution of Contemporary Sleep Pharmacotherapy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100166.
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As part of the biological rhythm, the human brain has a healthy functioning with the ability to differentiate between day and night hours in any given day (sleep rhythm, life rhythm). From the control of hormone levels to muscle tonus, from the regulation of respiratory rate to the content of our thoughts, sleep has an impact on all bodily and cognitive functions. It is not surprising to see such effects of sleep on the body as it leads to significant changes in the electrical activity of the brain in general. Electrical signal changes in the brain (sleep-wakefulness rhythm) are regulated by neurohormonal molecules and their receptors in the body. Neurotransmitters that control sleep and wakefulness can be listed as “Glutamate, Acetylcholine, Histamine, Norepinephrine and GABA”. Main hormones are: Melatonin, Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH), cortisol, prolactin, Growth Hormone (GH), Insulin like Growth Factor (IGF-1, Somatomedin-C), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH), progesterone, estrogen, testosterone, catecholamines, leptin and neuropeptide Y″. The effects of pharmacological agents on sleep and wakefulness cycles are materialized through the following molecules and their receptors: Hypnotics (GABA A agonists, benzodiazepines, gabapentin, tiagabine), sedative antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants, trazadone, mitrazapine), antihistamines, medications used for the treatment of sleeplessness (melatonin and melatonin analogues), amphetamine (most commonly used stimulant), secretion of monoamines (dopamine), non-amphetamine stimulants used in the treatment of hypersomnia and narcolepsy (modafinil, bupropion, selegiline, caffeine) and other substances (alcohol, nicotine, anesthetics). To the extent we can conceptualize the physiological mechanisms of these basic molecules listed above and the regions they affect, we can appreciate the effects of these substances on sleep physiology and sleep disorders.
Conference papers on the topic "Melatonin Physiological effect"
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Li, Yanjie, Weining Fang, Beiyuan Guo, and Haifeng Bao. "Morning Boost on Alertness, Cognitive Performance and Mood with Dynamic Lighting." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001988.
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The monotonous lighting environment in the windowless workplace as well as the heavy tasks during peak hours can seriously affect healthy individuals’ vitality and work performance, with the result of leading to decision-making errors and even human safety accidents. In this study, an exploratory experiment on the perception of lighting environment was conducted in an experimental windowless environment, aiming at comparing the non-visual biological effects of static lighting and dynamic lighting on alertness, cognitive performance and mood during the peak morning work period. Meanwhile, the effect of task difficulty on lighting environment perception was also taken into account. All 16 subjects containing 8male and 8 female (mean age = 23.63 years, SD = 1.088 years) were required to perform a set of cognitive tasks under static light (4000K, 500lx) and dynamic light（CCT between 4000 and 12000K, 500lx）for 50 minutes. During each lighting condition, participants completed a 5-min Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), an n-back task including 0-back, 1-back, 2-back, and a MATB-Ⅱ containing low, medium, high trials. Seven testing methods that questionnaires（Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule）, task performance（PVT, N-back, MATB-Ⅱ）and physiological methods（ERP, melatonin）were used to measure alertness, cognitive performance and subjective mood. The results indicated that a significant improvement in the subjective alertness and response speed to external stimuli under dynamic lighting vs. static lighting, which could depend on the duration of light exposure. N-back response time was significantly lower under dynamic lighting vs. static lighting and MATB-Ⅱ performance was also better under dynamic lighting which indicates that dynamic lighting has a significantly positive effect on individuals’ working memory and executive control function. Attention should be paid to the fact that the effect of dynamic lighting on cognitive performance was affected by the task difficulty. No significant difference was found between dynamic lighting and static lighting in P300, nor in the subjective mood. The findings from this study show the feasibility of dynamic lighting acting as an environmental intervention for supporting individuals’ psycho-biological wellbeing in a closed environment. Further study would concentrate on the non-image forming effects of dynamic lighting on alertness, cognitive performance and mood during the afternoon or night shift period.
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Xia, Hui, Xiaojing Huang, Jin Wang, Xiulan Lv, and Dong Liang. "Physiological Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Leaves of Kiwifruit Seedlings under Drought Stress." In 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesm-17.2018.230.
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"Effects of Melatonin on the Physiological Characteristics of Maize Seedlings under Different Salt Stress." In 2021 International Conference on Society Science. Scholar Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0001960.
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Wang, Xiu, Dong Liang, Xiaojing Huang, Xuewen Zhao, Yunmei Wang, and Hui Xia. "Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Physiological Indexes of Kiwifruit Seedlings under Low Temperature Stress." In 2018 7th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (ICEESD 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceesd-18.2018.112.
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Tang, Yi, Guochao Sun, Mingjun Miao, Yanhong Li, and Huanxiu Li. "Effects of exogenous melatonin on growth and physiological characteristics of Chinese Cabbage Seedlings under Aluminum Stress." In 2017 6th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceep-17.2017.195.
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He, Juan, Lijin Lin, Haitao Huang, Jianye Jiang, Wei Jiang, and Yi Tang. "Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Chinese cabbage seedlings under Salt Stress." In 2017 6th International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development (ICEESD 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceesd-17.2017.164.
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He, Juan, Xuena Yu, Yongdong Xie, and Yi Tang. "Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Leaves in Shepherd's-purse Seeding under NaCl Stress." In 2016 5th International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection (ICEEP 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceep-16.2016.11.
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Zavrel, Erik A., and Matthew R. Ebben. "An Active Distal Limb Warming Device for Insomnia Treatment." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3469.
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The defining characteristics of insomnia are widely recognized as difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and sleep that is non-restorative [1]. Insomnia is among the most common health complaints: about 10% of the adult population complains of a chronic insomnia problem [2]. With aging, increasingly disturbed sleep and less satisfaction with sleep quality are reported [3]. This common problem has wide ranging physiological, cognitive, and behavioral consequences including higher healthcare utilization [4–6]. Current major treatment options for insomnia (hypnotic medications and non-pharmacological behavioral interventions) suffer side effects and shortcomings. Thermoregulation plays a key role in promoting and maintaining sleep. At night, core body temperature (CBT) drops while distal skin temperature (DST) increases. It was previously believed that the nighttime drop in CBT was the most important promoter of sleep. However, recent research has shown that it is in fact the increase in DST (with net body heat loss owing to the large distal skin surface area) which is associated with an increase in sleepiness, whereas a decrease in DST (with resulting net body heat retention) is associated with a decrease in sleepiness [7]. The amount of distal vasodilation, as measured by the distal-proximal skin temperature gradient (DPG), is more predictive of sleep onset than subjective sleepiness ratings, CBT, or dim light melatonin onset. In fact, “the degree of dilation of blood vessels in the skin of the hands and feet, which increases heat loss at these extremities, is the best physiological predictor for the rapid onset of sleep” [8]. The link between distal skin warming and sleep propensity is further strengthened by the fact that warm water immersion of hands and feet has been found to decrease sleep onset latency (SOL) and pre-sleep warm baths have long been prescribed as an insomnia treatment. In a recent study, we used a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) to perform multiple nap trials throughout the day, with the participants’ hands and feet immersed in warm water prior to each nap. We found that both mild and moderate warming of the hands and feet prior to a nap significantly reduced SOL compared to a baseline MSLT without warming [9]. We also previously conducted a trial of temperature biofeedback for insomnia treatment in which we demonstrated SOL reduction using muscle relaxation techniques to induce distal vasodilation, increase blood flow to the extremities, and modulate temperature of hands and feet [10]. Additionally, it has been shown that regardless of circadian variation throughout the day, finger temperature shows a rapid increase immediately before sleep onset [11]. Lastly, people with primary vascular dysregulation (a condition caused by abnormal vasoconstriction that results in cold hands and feet) exhibit significantly increased SOL and greater difficulty falling asleep following nocturnal arousal [12]. Thus, some presentations of insomnia may be secondary to distal vasodilation failure. The motivation for an active distal limb warming device as a treatment for insomnia is based on the established functional link between distal vasodilation and sleep induction [13]. Somewhat counterintuitively then, heating of hands and feet can induce distal vasodilation, promote net body heat loss, and facilitate sleep onset [14, 15].