Academic literature on the topic 'Melanoma – Treatment – Research'

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Journal articles on the topic "Melanoma – Treatment – Research"

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Lorenz, Anna, Mateusz Kozłowski, Sebastian Lenkiewicz, Sebastian Kwiatkowski, and Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska. "Cutaneous Melanoma versus Vulvovaginal Melanoma—Risk Factors, Pathogenesis and Comparison of Immunotherapy Efficacy." Cancers 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 5123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14205123.

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Cutaneous melanoma is a relatively common neoplasm, with fairly well understood pathogenesis, risk factors, prognosis and therapeutic protocols. The incidence of this disease is increasing every year. The situation is different for rare malignancies such as vulvar melanomas and for the even rarer vaginal melanomas. The risk factors for vulvovaginal tumors are not fully understood. The basis of treatment in both cases is surgical resection; however, other types of treatments such as immunotherapy are available. This paper focuses on comparing the pathogenesis and risk factors associated with these neoplasms as well as the efficacy of two groups of drugs—anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 inhibitors—against both cutaneous melanoma and melanoma of the lower genital tract (vulva and vagina). In the case of cutaneous melanoma, the situation looks more optimistic than for vulvovaginal melanoma, which has a much worse prognosis and, as it turns out, shows a poorer response to immune therapy.
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Ascierto, Paolo A., John M. Kirkwood, Francesco M. Marincola, and Giuseppe Palmieri. "Melanoma: From Research to Treatment." Journal of Skin Cancer 2011 (2011): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/710697.

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Carbó-Bagué, Anna, Jordi Rubió-Casadevall, Montserrat Puigdemont, Arantza Sanvisens, Glòria Oliveras, Mònica Coll, Bernat del Olmo, Ferran Perez-Bueno, and Rafael Marcos-Gragera. "Epidemiology and Molecular Profile of Mucosal Melanoma: A Population-Based Study in Southern Europe." Cancers 14, no. 3 (February 3, 2022): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030780.

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Background: Mucosal melanoma is a rare neoplasm on which few epidemiological population-based studies have been published. A good surgical approach is the standard treatment, but the prognosis is worse than that of skin melanoma. The analysis of mucosal melanoma’s mutational profile can help to develop target therapies in advanced disease or adjuvant settings. Methods: We analyzed the database of the Cancer Registry of Girona, a region located in the north-east of Spain, in the period of 1994–2018. We selected cases of primary invasive melanoma, excluding those located in the skin, eye, central nervous system and an unknown primary site. Epidemiological analysis included incidence and survival. Mutational profile analysis was performed with a custom gene panel. Results: Forty-two patients were identified: 14 (33%) had vulvar-vaginal melanoma, 15 (35.7%) had rectal melanoma, 12 (28.6%) had melanoma located in the head and neck sphere and 1 male patient had a urethral melanoma. European age-standardized incidence rates for vulvar-vaginal, rectal and head and neck melanoma were 0.09, 0.1 and 0.09 cases/100,000 inhabitant-years, respectively. Five-year observed survival rates were 37.5%, 20% and 25% for these types of cancers. NRAS Q61 was the most frequent mutation found. Conclusion: Our study confirms the steady incidence and low survival of mucosal melanomas in a region of southern Europe. NRAS and NF1 play a role in the molecular landscape of mucosal melanoma. MEK and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors could be reasonable treatment options and are being studied in clinical trials.
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Chacón, Matías, Yanina Pfluger, Martín Angel, Federico Waisberg, and Diego Enrico. "Uncommon Subtypes of Malignant Melanomas: A Review Based on Clinical and Molecular Perspectives." Cancers 12, no. 9 (August 21, 2020): 2362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092362.

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Malignant melanoma represents the most aggressive type of skin cancer. Modern therapies, including targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have changed the dismal prognosis that characterized this disease. However, most evidence was obtained by studying patients with frequent subtypes of cutaneous melanoma (CM). Consequently, there is an emerging need to understand the molecular basis and treatment approaches for unusual melanoma subtypes. Even a standardized definition of infrequent or rare melanoma is not clearly established. For that reason, we reviewed this challenging topic considering clinical and molecular perspectives, including uncommon CMs—not associated with classical V600E/K BRAF mutations—malignant mucosal and uveal melanomas, and some unusual independent entities, such as amelanotic, desmoplastic, or spitzoid melanomas. Finally, we collected information regarding melanomas from non-traditional primary sites, which emerge from locations as unique as meninges, dermis, lymph nodes, the esophagus, and breasts. The aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the main scientific evidence regarding rare melanomas, with a particular focus on treatment perspectives.
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Huang, Yu-Yun, Tzu-Yu Hou, Wei-Kuang Yu, Chieh-Chih Tsai, Shu-Ching Kao, Wen-Ming Hsu, and Jui-Ling (Catherine) Liu. "The Clinical Feature and Treatment Outcome of Ocular Melanoma: A 34-Year Experience in a Tertiary Referral Center." Cancers 13, no. 23 (November 25, 2021): 5926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13235926.

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Malignant melanoma can arise from melanocytes in various structures of the eye, orbit, and ocular adnexa. We reviewed the clinical features and long-term results of all subjects with histologically proved melanoma originating from any of the ocular and periocular structures in a tertiary referral center. Overall, 88 patients including 47 men were recruited. The tumor was primarily located in the uvea, followed by the conjunctiva, orbit, eyelid, and lacrimal sac. Patients with uveal melanoma were diagnosed at a relatively younger age (47.0 years), while those with orbital and eyelid melanomas were older at presentation (79.5 years and 78.5 years, respectively). The overall local recurrence rate was 9% at a median follow-up of 41.0 months, among which orbital and eyelid melanomas recurred most commonly. The overall mortality rate was 41% in a median duration of 27.2 months (IQR, 13–58 months) from diagnosis, with the highest for lacrimal sac melanoma, followed by melanoma of the orbit, uveal, conjunctiva, and eyelid. Despite prompt local control, the risk for metastasis and mortality was high. Therefore, efficient modalities for early diagnosis and treatment of ocular melanoma are necessary.
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Song, Jung Min, Joel Daniel Marcus, Carolyn Stanek, Michael J. McNamara, Brian Gastman, Ahmad A. Tarhini, and Pauline Funchain. "Single center experience of dermatologic and oncologic surveillance patterns for late stage melanomas that progressed from early stage melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 7_suppl (March 1, 2018): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.7_suppl.182.

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182 Background: Recent data suggests a greater proportion and greater absolute number of thin (T1) melanomas contribute to melanoma death than thicker melanomas (Whiteman et al., J Invest Dermatol 2015). NCCN guidelines for early stage melanoma, defined as stages IA-IIA, suggest at least yearly skin check and H&P, but do not specify if dermatologic and/or oncologic surveillance should be pursued. Methods: We reviewed internal and external records of 16 consecutive patients with new, non-de novo diagnoses of unresectable stage III or IV melanoma undergoing active cancer treatment, i.e. late stage melanoma, from 2016-2017 that had progressed from a preceding primary early stage (IA-IIA) melanoma. Results: Primary early stage melanomas were diagnosed a median of 10.5 years (range, 4 to 29) prior to advanced disease progression. Two of 16 patients (13%) had oncologic follow up. Seven (44%) had continuous dermatology follow-up, of which 6 (38%) were followed only by dermatology. Only one patient had both dermatology and oncology follow-up at the time of progression. Follow up could not be determined for 8 patients due to lack of sufficient records, it is notable however that these 8 (50%) were not following dermatology or oncology at the time of progression. Conclusions: Only a small minority of patients who progressed from early stage melanoma to advanced stage melanoma requiring treatment were followed regularly by medical oncology, despite half having at least regular dermatology follow-up. We conclude that survivorship plans are important for early stage melanomas, and there is a need to effectively educate a larger early stage melanoma population about the infrequent but real oncologic issue of progressing to late stage melanoma.
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Kasakovski, Dimitri, Marina Skrygan, Thilo Gambichler, and Laura Susok. "Advances in Targeting Cutaneous Melanoma." Cancers 13, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 2090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092090.

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To date, the skin remains the most common cancer site among Caucasians in the western world. The complex, layered structure of human skin harbors a heterogenous population of specialized cells. Each cell type residing in the skin potentially gives rise to a variety of cancers, including non-melanoma skin cancer, sarcoma, and cutaneous melanoma. Cutaneous melanoma is known to exacerbate and metastasize if not detected at an early stage, with mutant melanomas tending to acquire treatment resistance over time. The intricacy of melanoma thus necessitates diverse and patient-centered targeted treatment options. In addition to classical treatment through surgical intervention and radio- or chemotherapy, several systemic and intratumoral immunomodulators, pharmacological agents (e.g., targeted therapies), and oncolytic viruses are trialed or have been recently approved. Moreover, utilizing combinations of immune checkpoint blockade with targeted, oncolytic, or anti-angiogenic approaches for patients with advanced disease progression are promising approaches currently under pre-clinical and clinical investigation. In this review, we summarize the current ‘state-of-the-art’ as well as discuss emerging agents and regimens in cutaneous melanoma treatment.
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Lyle, Megan, and Georgina V. Long. "Diagnosis and Treatment ofKIT-Mutant Metastatic Melanoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 26 (September 10, 2013): 3176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.50.4662.

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A 52-year-old man has unresectable locally recurrent melanoma of the left foot ( Fig 1 ) and pulmonary metastases. Nine months before this presentation, he underwent a wide local excision and sentinel node biopsy for an acral melanoma on his left heel. Pathology disclosed Breslow thickness of 4.8 mm, Clark level IV, and tumor ulceration with a mitotic rate of 37 mitoses/mm2. Both sentinel nodes in the left groin were positive for melanoma cells, which expressed S100, HMB45, and melan A. At subsequent left inguinal dissection, seven more nodes showed no additional nodal metastases. Within 3 months of his original surgery, the patient developed a local recurrence in the foot, and over the subsequent 6 months, he underwent serial local excisions and topical diphencyprone treatment. A recent staging scan showed at least 20 foci of in-transit disease in the left lower leg and foot, as well as a solitary lung metastasis (12 mm). His Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status is 1, with no significant comorbidities. High-resolution melt followed by sequencing of an in-transit metastasis showed there is no BRAF exon 15 mutation. However, Sanger sequencing of KIT exons 9, 11, 13, and 17, performed as screening for a clinical trial enrolling patients with metastatic acral and mucosal melanomas, showed an exon 13 K642E mutation.
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Satish, Tejus, Shaheer Khan, Matt Levin, Richard Carvajal, and Angela J. Yoon. "Treatment of recurrent mucosal melanoma of the oral cavity with topical imiquimod and pembrolizumab achieves complete histopathologic remission." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, no. 10 (October 2021): e001219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001219.

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Mucosal melanomas constitute a subtype of melanoma with less effective treatments than cutaneous melanomas. We present a case of oral mucosal melanoma that recurred despite multiple resections and adjuvant temozolomide. Treatment with topical imiquimod combined with pembrolizumab achieved remission. A 56-year-old woman presented with a pigmented mass on her left anterior hard palate. Biopsy revealed malignant melanoma. The patient had resection with neck dissection with 3 months of adjuvant temozolomide due to positive margins. Malignant melanoma involving the hard palate recurred 1 year later requiring additional resection. Two years later, two additional pigmented lesions were found; further resections were deferred due to expected morbidity. Following 6 weeks of topical imiquimod treatment, the lesions shrunk significantly. Adjuvant pembrolizumab was added and complete histopathologic remission was observed in 6 months. The patient remained in remission for 4 years before new melanoma in situ was diagnosed, requiring five additional months of imiquimod. As of April 2021, there is no clinical evidence of melanoma. There are limited reports of oral melanoma treated with topical imiquimod. Here, imiquimod administered in combination with pembrolizumab achieved complete pathologic response.
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Varghese, Sruthy, Snigdha Pramanik, Rishika Prasad, Hannah Hodges, Leila Williams, Weiyi Peng, Hussein Tawbi, and Vashisht Yennu Nanda. "Abstract PR06: The glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 potentiates antimelanoma activity of standard-of-care targeted therapies and immunotherapies." Cancer Research 80, no. 19_Supplement (October 1, 2020): PR06. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.mel2019-pr06.

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Abstract Nearly all metastatic melanoma patients who respond to targeted therapies will relapse with the disease within a year. Although more durable responses are seen with immune therapies, about half of the melanoma patients do not respond to them, and a significant number of responders eventually relapse. Most relapsed melanomas also exhibit post-treatment resistance to these treatments. Hence, there is a clear and present need to develop therapeutics that counteract resistance associated with relapse. We and others earlier showed that melanomas with elevated mitochondrial activity possess improved cellular rigor and are intrinsically resistant to the antitumor effects of BRAF and MEK inhibitors. In many other instances, melanomas that initially respond to these inhibitors acquire resistance by elevating mitochondrial activity. Mitochondrial activity is elevated in part by increased cellular uptake of glutamine, and its conversion to alpha-ketoglutarate in the TCA cycle, with glutaminase enzyme playing a rate-limiting role. In this study, we show that BRAFV600E-mutant melanomas with intrinsic or acquired resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors have lower glucose uptake and increased glutamine uptake compared to those that are sensitive. Treatment of these resistant melanomas with single-agent glutaminase inhibitor, CB-839, moderately inhibited their growth. However, a more robust inhibition of their growth was achieved when CB-839 was combined with BRAF and MEK inhibitors. In addition, CB-839 increased the in vivo activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in a mouse vaccine model and also enhanced the proapoptotic effect of human autologous patient-derived TILs on their cognate melanoma cells. Seahorse bioenergetics stress tests showed that CB-839 inhibited mitochondrial OxPhos in tumor cells to a greater extent than in activated TILs. Additional molecular studies are currently in progress. A recent clinical trial in melanoma patients showed that combination treatment with CB-839 and the immune checkpoint blocker, nivolumab, caused an objective response in three melanoma patients who had earlier progressed on treatment with immune checkpoint blockade. Our preclinical results complement this clinical finding and suggest that CB-839 combination could potentiate the efficacy of targeted and immune therapies in refractory melanomas. Citation Format: Sruthy Varghese, Snigdha Pramanik, Rishika Prasad, Hannah Hodges, Leila Williams, Weiyi Peng, Hussein Tawbi, Vashisht Yennu Nanda. The glutaminase inhibitor CB-839 potentiates antimelanoma activity of standard-of-care targeted therapies and immunotherapies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr PR06.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Melanoma – Treatment – Research"

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Rice, James C. "Brachytherapy and endoresection in the treatment of choroidal melanoma a review of patients treated in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10758.

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This study is a retrospective cohort analysis of patients undergoing two different treatment modalities (brachytherapy and endoresection) for medium sized choroidal melanoma. Study methods involve the collection of baseline and follow-up data from three sources: 1) A database collected by the department of Radiation Oncology at Groote Schuur Hospital; 2) Private physicians responsible for patient follow-up following brachytherapy; 3) Private physicians responsible for endoresection surgery and patient follow-up. To date there has been limited publication of the outcomes of patients treated for choroidal melanoma in South Africa. The study aims to compare the outcomes of these procedures to help identify the possible benefits of each form of treatment.
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Marusak, Charles. "MT1-MMP: TARGETING THE CENTER OF MELANOMA METASTASIS, GROWTH AND TREATMENT RESISTANCE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1548327646756039.

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Books on the topic "Melanoma – Treatment – Research"

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Rubio, Lee. Melanoma Treatment and Research. Independently Published, 2018.

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S, Agarwala Sanjiv, and Sondak Vernon K. 1957-, eds. Melanoma: Translational research and emerging therapies. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2008.

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(Editor), Sanjiv S. Agarwala, and Vernon K. Sondak (Editor), eds. Melanoma: Translational Research and Emerging Therapies (Translational Medicine). Informa Healthcare, 2008.

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Nathanson, Larry. Melanoma Research: Genetics, Growth Factors, Metastases, and Antigens (Cancer Treatment and Research). Springer, 1991.

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Nathanson, Larry. Malignant Melanoma: Biology, Diagnosis, and Therapy (Cancer Treatment and Research). Springer, 1988.

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Leong, Stanley P. L. Atlas of Selective Sentinel Lymphadenectomy for Melanoma, Breast Cancer and Colon Cancer (Cancer Treatment and Research). Springer, 2002.

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1951-, Garbe C., Schmitz S. 1960-, and Orfanos C. E, eds. Skin cancer: Basic science, clinical research, and treatment. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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(Editor), C. Garbe, S. Schmitz (Editor), and C. E. Orfanos (Editor), eds. Skin Cancer: Basic Science, Clinical Research and Treatment (Recent Results in Cancer Research). Springer-Verlag Telos, 1995.

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Madhu, G., Sandeep Kautish, A. Govardhan, and Avinash Sharma, eds. Emerging Computational Approaches in Telehealth and Telemedicine: A Look at The Post-COVID-19 Landscape. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150792721220101.

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This book gives an overview of innovative approaches in telehealth and telemedicine. The Goal of the content is to inform readers about recent computer applications in e-health, including Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) technology. The 9 chapters will guide readers to determine the urgency to intervene in specific medical cases, and to assess risk to healthcare workers. The focus on telehealth along with telemedicine, encompasses a broader spectrum of remote healthcare services for the reader to understand. Chapters cover the following topics: - A COVID-19 care system for virus precaution, prevention, and treatment - The Internet of Things (IoT) in Telemedicine, - Artificial Intelligence for Remote Patient Monitoring systems - Machine Learning in Telemedicine - Convolutional Neural Networks for the detection and prediction of melanoma in skin lesions - COVID-19 virus contact tracing via mobile apps - IoT and Cloud convergence in healthcare - Lung cancer classification and detection using deep learning - Telemedicine in India This book will assist students, academics, and medical professionals in learning about cutting-edge telemedicine technologies. It will also inform beginner researchers in medicine about upcoming trends, problems, and future research paths in telehealth and telemedicine for infectious disease control and cancer diagnosis.
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Book chapters on the topic "Melanoma – Treatment – Research"

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Koh, Howard K., Thomas H. Sinks, Alan C. Geller, Donald R. Miller, and Robert A. Lew. "Etiology of melanoma." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 1–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3080-0_1.

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Dougherty, Michael J., and Morton M. Kligerman. "Radiotherapy of melanoma." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 355–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3080-0_13.

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Weinstock, Martin A. "Epidemiology of melanoma." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 29–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3080-0_2.

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Russel, Maria C., and Keith A. Delman. "Comparative Effectiveness in Melanoma." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 31–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12553-4_3.

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Hyman, Leslie, M. Cristina Leske, and Anthony P. Polednak. "Epidemiology of Ocular Melanoma." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 89–117. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2043-2_4.

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Harrist, Terence J., and Calvin L. Day. "Malignant Melanoma: Prognostic Factors." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 119–30. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2043-2_5.

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Bines, Steven D., Jamie H. VonRoenn, Sonia M. Kheir, and John S. Coon. "Flow cytometry in melanoma." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 155–69. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1751-7_9.

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Nathanson, Larry, and Shamim Jilani. "Chemotherapy of malignant melanoma." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 335–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3080-0_12.

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Albert, Lee S., and Arthur J. Sober. "Early detection of melanoma." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 57–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3080-0_3.

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Quan, Walter D. Y., and Malcolm S. Mitchell. "Immunology and immunotherapy of melanoma." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 257–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3080-0_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Melanoma – Treatment – Research"

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Valle, Ana Catarina, Rosangela Andrade, Marcelo Sibata, and Aloisio Carvalho. "Ultradiluted Viscum album in the Treatment of Melanoma in a Dog (Canis familiaris) – Case Report." In HRI London 2019—Cutting Edge Research in Homeopathy: Presentation Abstracts. The Faculty of Homeopathy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1702134.

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Amaral, A., J. Díaz-Martín, T. Aasen, C. Jordán-Perez, J. Oliver, C. Ferrer, M. Fabre, J. Piulats, and E. De Álava. "PO-459 Unravelling endoglin as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of uveal melanoma." In Abstracts of the 25th Biennial Congress of the European Association for Cancer Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 30 June – 3 July 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.966.

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Kecik, Tadeusz, Iwona Switka-Wieclawska, Jan Kasprzak, Alfreda Graczyk, and Antoni Pratnicki. "Experimental research of the possible use of photodynamic methods in the treatment of melanoma of the iris." In Laser Technology: Fourth Symposium, edited by Wieslaw L. Wolinski and Tadeusz Kecik. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.203328.

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Simonsen, TG, JV Gaustad, and EK Rofstad. "PO-315 Intertumor heterogeneity in vascularity and response to bevacizumab treatment in artificial melanoma brain metastases." In Abstracts of the 25th Biennial Congress of the European Association for Cancer Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 30 June – 3 July 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.828.

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Thiyagarajan, Magesh. "Portable Plasma Biomedical Device for Cancer Treatment." In ASME 2011 6th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2011-66030.

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This research study examined the effect of non-thermal portable atmospheric air plasma system on leukemia cancer cells. Acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) were exposed to atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma. To assess death caused by plasma exposure, cells were subjected to trypan blue exclusion assays and a kill-curve and assessment of death overtime were compiled using data from the assays. In addition to this, DNA was harvested from treated and untreated samples to determine if apoptotic ladders were present. Results have indicated that non-thermal plasma can cause cell death in THP-1 cells overtime, and the death that occurs corresponds directly to the amount of time that the cells were exposed to ionized plasma. Preliminary fluorescent imaging of the treated cells revealed that higher treatment doses are not only more likely to induce cellular death but are likely to induce necrotic death, while lower treatment doses that are capable of inducing death may induce apoptotic or programmed cellular death. Ideally the results obtained from these experiments will allow for further investigation of the effects of ionized non-thermal plasma on melanoma cell lines and will lead to an inexpensive method for treating early stage skin cancer and cancerous lesions.
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Zhao, F., N. Pieper, FN Harbers, A. Zaremba, A. Sucker, V. Lennerz, T. Wölfel, D. Schadendorf, and A. Paschen. "7 Evolution of cross-resistance to CD8+ T cells in the course of BRAF and MEK inhibitor treatment in BRAFV600E melanoma." In Abstracts of the 25th Biennial Congress of the European Association for Cancer Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 30 June – 3 July 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.7.

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Mota, Virgı́nia F., Jefersson A. dos Santos, and Arnaldo De A. Araújo. "FASTensor: A tensor framework for spatiotemporal description." In XXXII Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sibgrapi.est.2019.8298.

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Spatiotemporal description is a research field with applications in various areas such as video indexing, surveillance, human-computer interfaces, among others. Big Data problems in large databases are now being treated with Deep Learning tools, however we still have room for improvement in spatiotemporal handcraft description. Moreover, we still have problems that involve small data in which data augmentation and other techniques are not valid. The main contribution of this Ph.D. Thesis 1 is the development of a framework for spatiotemporal representation using orientation tensors enabling dimension reduction and invariance. This is a multipurpose framework called Features As Spatiotemporal Tensors (FASTensor). We evaluate this framework in three different applications: Human Action recognition, Video Pornography classification and Cancer Cell classification. The latter one is also a contribution of this work, since we introduce a new dataset called Melanoma Cancer Cell dataset (MCC). It is a small data that cannot be artificially augmented due the difficulty of extraction and the nature of motion. The results were competitive, while also being fast and simple to implement. Finally, our results in the MCC dataset can be used in other cancer cell treatment analysis.
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Reports on the topic "Melanoma – Treatment – Research"

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Garsa, Adam, Julie K. Jang, Sangita Baxi, Christine Chen, Olamigoke Akinniranye, Owen Hall, Jody Larkin, Aneesa Motala, Sydne Newberry, and Susanne Hempel. Radiation Therapy for Brain Metasases. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer242.

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Objective. This evidence report synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL®, clinicaltrials.gov, and published guidelines in July 2020; assessed independently submitted data; consulted with experts; and contacted authors. Review methods. The protocol was informed by Key Informants. The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168260). Two reviewers independently screened citations; data were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by an experienced reviewer. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies (for safety assessments), evaluating whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination, as initial or postoperative treatment, with or without systemic therapy for adults with brain metastases due to non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma. Results. In total, 97 studies, reported in 190 publications, were identified, but the number of analyses was limited due to different intervention and comparator combinations as well as insufficient reporting of outcome data. Risk of bias varied; 25 trials were terminated early, predominantly due to poor accrual. Most studies evaluated WBRT, alone or in combination with SRS, as initial treatment; 10 RCTs reported on post-surgical interventions. The combination treatment SRS plus WBRT compared to SRS alone or WBRT alone showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.73; 4 RCTs; low strength of evidence [SoE]) or death due to brain metastases (relative risk [RR], 0.93; CI, 0.48 to 1.81; 3 RCTs; low SoE). Radiation therapy after surgery did not improve overall survival compared with surgery alone (HR, 0.98; CI, 0.76 to 1.26; 5 RCTs; moderate SoE). Data for quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects were insufficient to determine effects of WBRT, SRS, or post-surgical interventions. We did not find systematic differences across interventions in serious adverse events radiation necrosis, fatigue, or seizures (all low or moderate SoE). WBRT plus systemic therapy (RR, 1.44; CI, 1.03 to 2.00; 14 studies; moderate SoE) was associated with increased risks for vomiting compared to WBRT alone. Conclusion. Despite the substantial research literature on radiation therapy, comparative effectiveness information is limited. There is a need for more data on patient-relevant outcomes such as quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.

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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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