Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mélanges actifs'
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Nguimjeu, Christelle. "Conception et réalisation d'emballages actifs pour l'agroalimentaire." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS067.
Full textNo abstract
Dinelli, Alberto. "Scalar active matter across scales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP7003.
Full textActive matter encompasses out-of-equilibrium systems whose microscopic constituents exert non-conservative self-propulsion forces on their environment. The self-organization of active units into complex structures is observed at all scales in the living world, from bacterial ecosystems to flocks of birds. Furthermore, in recent years, physicists and chemists have been able to engineer synthetic particles capable of self-propulsion, such as self-phoretic Janus colloids or Quincke rollers, thus paving the way towards the realization of smart active materials. In this regard, understanding the link between the microscopic dynamics of active particles and their large-scale properties is a crucial problem for both biology and bio-inspired engineering. In this manuscript, we bridge this gap for a number of scalar active systems, i.e. active systems where the only large-scale hydrodynamic mode is the conserved density field. In particular, a large part of the manuscript is devoted to multi-component active systems---or active mixtures---whose study is relevant to achieve more realistic descriptions of biological communities: from animal ecosystems to bacterial colonies, polydispersity is ubiquitous in living systems. The manuscript is structured as follows. In Chapter 1 we provide a methodological review of coarse-graining techniques in scalar active systems. These methods are then applied in Chapter 2 to characterize the large-scale behaviors of non-interacting active particles with different tactic mechanisms. The second part of the thesis is devoted to collective behaviors in interacting scalar active systems. In Chapter 3 we study the impact of non-reciprocal motility regulation in binary mixtures of active particles, and show how the microscopic non-reciprocity affects the macroscopic organization of the system. Following this line, in Chapter 4 we consider a bacterial ecosystem where a large number of species coexist, revealing how weak, random motility regulation can be sufficient to promote the formation of distinct bacterial communities. To conclude, in Chapter 5 we shift from biological to synthetic active matter, studying a model for self-propelled Quincke rods. In particular, we show how these rods can undergo an arrested condensation transition, where the interplay between quorum-sensing and steric repulsion is crucial to stabilize the coexisting phases
Brahami, Yacine. "Mélange à scalaire actif dans les écoulements de jets turbulents." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR093.
Full textActive scalar mixing, which modifies the velocity field through variations of either density or viscosity, received much less attention than passive scalars. This thesis aims at unravelling some open questions pertaining to active scalar mixing. Whilst some results point to the facts that mixing occurs faster for i) light jets than for heavy jets, and ii) more viscous fluid released in a less viscous environment. This simple example reveals the necessity of a systematic study of the problem. We focus on two aspects of these very vast questions. I. Variable density round jet. We designed an experimental set-up, which allows measuring both velocity and scalar fields, using simultaneous Stereo Particle Image Velocimetry and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence. The first question concerns mixing immediately after injection. Therefore, the very near field of the jet was particularly sought. One-point statistics were used to evaluate the large-scale effect of momentum and density variations on the initiation of turbulence. Also, two-point turbulent statistics for velocity and scalar have been appraised. Through this approach, the effects on transition were assessed through scales of turbulent motion. Mixing was also evaluated at the edge of the flow, in the vicinity of the Turbulent/Non-Turbulent Interface. We found additional specificity to variable density mixing, that is inaccessible by averaging on a cylindrical frame of reference. II. Temporally evolving turbulent jet flow with variable viscosity and mass diffusivity. The data consists in Direct Numerical Simulation performed in our group by Dr. M. Gauding. The purpose of these simulations is to study the kinetic energy and scalar dissipation rates in flows with variable momentum and mass diffusivities. We focused on conditional averaging in the vicinity of Turbulent/Non-Turbulent Interface. This data is confronted to one-and-two point transport equations for the momentum and scalar. It is shown that initial gradients of both viscosity and mass diffusivity have an intense and persistent impact on both kinetic energy and scalar dissipation rates, in the vicinity of the Turbulent/Non-Turbulent Interface, albeit a rapidly trend of the jet core towards self-preservation
Pupier, Olivier. "Equilibres de co-adsorption de mélanges gazeux : application au stockage du gaz naturel." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0571.
Full textThe knowledge and the comprehension of the co-adsorption's phenomena present in many industrial processes, guided the realization of this memory. In a first part, and framework of NGV's topic with ANG technology, the importance of these phenomena of co-adsorption is highlighted. A series of 730 cycles of loading - unloading of a storage tank with NG was carried out. This one made it possible to quantify a total loss in the storage capacity of the tank of about 50 %. Moreover, by chromatographic analysis, the specific influence of each component of the GN was given. In a second part, a dynamic volumetry device, developed at the laboratory for the acquisition of co-adsorption isotherms of binary mixtures, was presented. From measurements carried out on a commercial activated carbon for the binary CH4 - CO2, this apparatus has been validated to 273 and 298 K, and for pressures going up to 1 MPa. The co-adsorption model IAST (Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory), while using experimental isotherms of pure gases, was confronted with the results of the binary CH4 - CO2 : a lower deviation than 5 % was observed between computed values and experimental. The model MPD (Myers-Prausnitz-Dubinin), integrating the modeling of the isotherms of adsorption of pure gases according to the formalism of DA (Dubinin - Asthakov) in model IAST, was also tested and gives a good adequacy between computed values and experimental. This model MPD constitutes a particularly interesting and reliable working tool which could be easily integrated in simulation's models of industrial processes
Khier, Sonia. "Etude Préclinique de Nouveaux Dérivés Imidazoquinoxaliniques, EAPB0203 et EAPB0503, Actifs sur les Mélanomes." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON13510.
Full textBrisebourg, Mathieu. "Corrosion active/passive de matériaux en présence de mélanges réactifs à très haute température." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14325/document.
Full textExperimental and theoretical studies have been carried out in order to obtain further knowledge and understanding of the corrosion behavior of silicon carbide under complex gas mixtures at very high temperatures. To that purpose, two original experimental methods based on Joule-heating have been designed for the in-situ following of SiC oxidation kinetics, and a model accounting for both heterogeneous kinetics and gas-phase transport phenomena has been developed thanks to a finite volume method. At high temperatures and low oxidant partial pressure, oxidation of SiC is « active » and associated with the formation of gaseous products and high degradation rates of the original materials, the reaction being rate-determined by species transport through a gaseous boundary layer. At low temperatures and high oxidant partial pressures, oxidation is « passive » and associated with the growth of a condensed oxide scale acting as a protecting diffusion barrier. An analytical study has been conducted in order to try and isolate the effects of the various physical and chemical phenomena involved during this passive oxidation, such as different growth mechanisms, volatilization or bubble formation, and quantify how temperature and gas composition influence them.An experimental study of the active/passive transition in the oxidation of SiC has been conducted under gas mixtures including one or two different oxidant species. Numerical simulation tools as well as new insights on oxidation mechanisms were used to analyze different predictive models of the active/passive transition and evaluate and understand the differences between these theoretical results and the ones obtained experimentally
Bergeron, Sandra. "Effets d'un mélange d'ingrédients actifs de pesticides sur l'activation de la voie du récepteur aux hydrocarbures d'aryle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11066.
Full textMasteau, Jean-Claude. "Compressibilité et cohésion de produits pharmaceutiques. Etude et modélisation du comportement de mélanges binaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841859.
Full textBarre, Stéphane. "Action de la compressibilité sur la structure des couches de mélange turbulentes supersoniques." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0004.
Full textPlouzeau, Maud. "Mélanges matrice polymère / molécules optiquement actives Etude, optimisation de la compatibilité et amélioration de leur tenue lumière." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1043.
Full textThe CASCADE company was founded to develop technology said to “light cascades”. These “light cascades” consist of incorporating an appropriate combination of optically active molecules (OAM) into host materials allowing wavelength-shifting effects to optimize the quality and quantity of direct and diffuse sunlight. When such OAM combination is introduced into greenhouse films, an increase of agronomic yields and early crop are observed. Such behavior is due to the fact that OAM allow to adapt the solar spectrum to the photosynthesis and the chlorophyll function of plants. Greenhouse films are based on polyethylene (PE) and/or poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) copolymers. When OAM are introduced within such host polymers, their optically efficiency is limited for long term industrial applications. Therefore, the thesis goal is to improve the OAM lightfastness into PE/EVA polymer matrix by different strategies: (i) the study of polymer matrix nature and topology influence, (ii) the optimization of current formulations by additives or compatibilizers adding and (iii) the OAM encapsulation into (un)-crosslinked PMMA particles
Derrode, Stéphane. "Contributions en segmentation statistique d'images et reconnaissance de formes 2D." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325082.
Full textLê, Van Nha Phuong. "Influence des propriétés physicochimiques du principe actif et du transporteur sur la performance aérodynamique des mélanges de poudre pour inhalation." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647318.
Full textDodet, Bénédicte. "Etude des propriétés oxydantes de mélanges gazeux activés par décharge électrique à pression atmosphérique : interaction avec un matériel biologique." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112335.
Full textIn recent years, non-thermal plasma processes have been studied and developed for medical applications such as surface decontamination. The work presented here deals with the study of the oxidative properties of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge effluents. Investigations were mainly focused on hydrogen peroxide formation mechanisms. An optimum production of H2O2 has been obtained using an argon/water vapour mixture as a discharge feed gas; excited argon atoms are implied to be responsible in water vapour dissociation and thereby for OH radical formation. A maximum energy yield value of 4 g(H2O2) / kWh has been reached under these conditions. The decontamination efficiency of such atmospheric discharge effluents was found to be quite high when tested by treating surfaces bearing nucleic acids and proteins. Furthermore, results from the interaction of the discharge effluents with biologic materials could be used as non direct diagnostic tools for the identification of the active species; DNA and protein degradation results raised the HO2 radical as a specie that was significantly involved in their degradation processes. In a similar way, bacteria spore inactivation treatment with discharge feed gas containing oxygen showed that a short lived species, O2 (1 Đg) singlet oxygen, was efficient for this inactivation. Results from the discharge effluent interaction with proteins and DNA were finally used to propose fundamental mechanisms occurring during the inactivation of bacteria spores using the same process: combined action of oxidative species and acidification lead in aqueous phase to spore coat permeation; these oxidative species coming from dissolution of. .
Bousquet, Angélique. "Dépôt de couches minces par plasma pulsé radiofréquence et basse pression en mélange hexaméthyldisiloxane / oxygène." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2084.
Full textThis work concerns the Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) of thin films, at low pressure (3mTorr) and low temperature (<100°C), in Hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO)/ oxygen pulsed plasmas in a radiofrequency helicon reactor. The kinetics of charged species and of some neutral active species is investigated by Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy time-resolved measurements. The film analysis by ellipsometry, infrared spectroscopy and gravimetry shows inorganic SiO2-like and plasma polymers SiOxCyHz films can be deposited with a fixed gas mixture depending on the pulse parameters. The structure and deposition rate are linked to the creation and loss times of oxygen atoms. The reduction of ion bombardment in pulsed plasma also allows to reduce the compressive stress and to improve the electrical properties of SiO2-like films, as demonstrated by nano-indentation, Newton's ring method, and C(V) and I(V) measurements on MOS structure
Bruneau, Pierrick. "Contributions en classification automatique : agrégation bayésienne de mélanges de lois et visualisation interactive." Phd thesis, Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2023.
Full textThe internet and recent architectures such as sensor networks are currently witnessing tremendous and continuously growing amounts of data, often distributed on large scales. Combined with user expectations with respect to tooling, this encourages developing adequate techniques for analyzing and indexing. Classication and clustering tasks are about characterizing classes within data collections. These are often used as building blocks for designing tools aimed at making data accessible to users. In this document, we describe our contributions to mixture models aggregation. These models are classically used for content categorization. Using variational Bayesian principles, we aimed at designing low computation and transmission costs algorithms. Doing so, we aimed at proposing a building block for distributed density model estimation. We also contributed to visual classication applied to data streams. To this purpose, we employed bio-mimetic principles, and results from graph theory. More specically, visual and dynamic abstractions of an underlying clustering process were proposed. We strived to provide users with ecient interfaces, while allowing using their actions as a feedback
Fernandes, Nuno. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adsorption sur charbon actif d'un mélange gazeux de composés organiques volatils (C. O. V. )." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3024.
Full textAdsorption equilibria of toluen, methyl-ethyl-ketone and isopropanol on activated carbon were investigated. Experimental isotherms were determined by the volumetric method. First single-component adsorption isotherms were obtained at four different temperatures when the air to be treated contained only one of these V. O. C. Then isotherms at 303 K were obtained when the air to be treated contained two of these V. O. C. The frequently used Toth model fits single-component adsorption data with good accuracy. The Toth equation parameters are described by temperature dependant expressions. The isosteric heat of adsorption of each component was derived from the four temperatures single-component isotherms. During binary mixtures experimental study the influence of mass of adsorbent and initial composition were investigated. According to an analysis of the variance of the system, a new representation of adsorption isotherms was proposed. Isotherms were thus represented by surfaces by plotting adsorbed amount versus the two VOC gaseous molar fractions. Binary mixtures adsorption isotherms were calculated using the Adsorbed Solution Theory. Three models were considered to describe activity coefficients of the adsorbed phase. The Spreading Pressure Dependant model which includes spreading pressure dependence through isosteric heats of adsorption does not fit experimental data very well. The UNIQUAC and NRTL vapour-liquid equilibrium models fit experimental data with much better accuracy. Especially NRTL because of its higher number of adjustable parameters
Gosset, Christophe. "Mélange à quatre ondes dans les structures semi-conductrices actives et ses applications à la regénération." Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENST0035.
Full textData traffic growth leads to generalisation of fibre optic in telecommunication networks. Optical technologies allow to overcome physical limitations in electronic data processing for high speed (> 40 gbit/s) transmission. All-optical 3r regeneration will be one of the key functions in such future networks. Semiconductor devices appear to be adapted thanks to nanosecond scale radiative lifetime. We propose to use four-wave mixing properties in semiconductor amplifiers and lasers to achieve fundamental elements of 3r regeneration such as frames synchronisation, clock recovery and d-bascule
Khalil, Fadi. "Mélanges de polymères biodégradables immiscibles : influence de la morphologie sur le contrôle de la libération de substances actives ou modèles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10102/document.
Full textIn order to develop biodegradable and active materials s, blends of two incompatible biodegradable polymers have been implemented by conventiona plastic material processing (extrusion). The originality of these blends lies in the search for a strategy to control the release of active species included in one of the phases of the system. Therefore, the tortuosity / availability of selective diffusion paths obtained by varying the relative proportions of the two polymers involved will be exploited. Studied binary systems consist of: [plasticized corn starch, PLS and poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate) or PBSA] and a reference system [(poly (oxyethylene) PEO and PBSA]. In these blends, polar polymers (PLS or PEO) play the role of host matrix to solubilize the active migrants or model molecules which are often polar, and the semi-polar polymer (PBSA) compensates for the weakness of the mechanical properties of the starchy and / or hydrophilic phase while having a low melting temperature (85 ° C) consistent with a longer-term strategy of incorporation of thermostable active molecules such as lysozyme or nisin. The resulting systems were characterized to correlate the different morphologies obtained by varying the composition of the blends (dispersed phase in a continuous matrix, partial or total continuity, or pseudo-layer systems) to the transport phenomena of various molecules. The performed characterizations aim to elucidate the morphologies by i) selective solvent extraction method (or hydrolysis) enriched by microscopical observations ii) using gaseous probes via the determination of water vapor transport properties (water will favor the paths provided by the polar matrix) or oxygen transport properties (O2 will favor the diffusion paths provided by the PBSA matrix) iii) by determining water sorption isotherms and kinetics and finally iv) by the study of the release in water of active or model migrants previously incorporated in the polar phase (sodium fluoresceinate, organic acids, glycine, diglycine). It has been observed that the diffusion phenomena in PLS / PBSA blends are controlled by the tortuosity generated by the presence of PBS and by the limited hydration of the polar phase at high PBSA contents in the blends for water sorption phenomena. Thus, the diffusion of fluorescein, for example, is much more influenced by the tortuosity (itself governed by the composition of the blends) than that of water, which is likely due to its higher molecular weight. For PEO / PBSA blends, distinct behaviors were observed according to the blends composition. For the blends with low or intermediate content of PBSA, rapid transport occurs mainly via the dissolution of the PEO. The morphology did not seem to influence the release kinetics. For high contents of PBSA, the release kinetics were dependent on the morphology and a time lag which is characteristic of permeation kinetics (release proportional to time) appeared. In conclusion, the multiphasic materials prepared by plastic processing look promising for the controlled release of polar migrants such as food preservatives to develop antimicrobial active packaging
Menard, Virginie. "Polymères biospécifiques : Elimination des facteurs activés de mélanges prothrombiniques : Interactions des facteurs vitamin-K dépendants avec des dérivés « phospholipid-like »." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132036.
Full textAyral, Catherine. "Elimination de polluants aromatiques par oxydation catalytique sur charbon actif." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT007G/document.
Full textThis work, on water treatment by catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) using activated carbon (AC), aimed to study the interaction between oxidation-adsorption phenomena: how the oxidation of aromatic compounds on AC can modify its properties and specially its adsorption and oxidation characteristics (deactivation). Various commercials AC, and AC produced from activated sludge, have been characterized before and after oxidation by according methods such as textural characterization, elemental analysis (CHNSO), functional groups on carbon surfaces analysis, pH of the point of zero charge (pHpzc) analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); however, only their ash level was significantly different. In addition, the sludge based AC (SBAC) have a specific surface range of 90 to 265 m².g-1, which is lower than commercial AC, and with an ash level over 50%. Consequently they are less good adsorbents. However, the presence of metal, e.g. iron, has a positive affect on catalytic oxidation. The comparative study of catalytic oxidation with 4 commercial AC, show a severe deactivation (which increase with the pollutant concentration) on the first 3-4 utilizations before stabilization. The residual AC is clearly poor adsorbent. After stabilization, 2 commercials AC, only S23 and F22 CA, were studied on catalytic oxidation of phenol in term of apparent and intrinsic kinetics with including the diffusion effect in the model. The CWAO of 4 pure aromatic pollutants, and their various synthetic mixtures, showed mixing effects significantly: the most oxidation catalytic refractory pollutants were degraded rapidly when they mixed (e.g. 4-nitrophenol) but the kinetic was slow down for the pure pollutant whereas, the most oxidised pollutants, for pure solution, have an oxidation kinetic slower than when they mixed with others pollutants (e.g. Phenol, 4-chlorophenol). Therefore, the mixture tends to standardize from the individual behaviour. In conclude, the feasibility study of the oxidative regeneration process (AD-OX) was performed on industrial waste water. The regeneration AC as adsorbent is less limited than with mixtures of substituted phenols
Guyez, Estelle. "Mélange d'interfaces de densité en écoulements de Taylor - Couette." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00081798.
Full textOuadhani, Soumaya. "Actions des vibrations sur le processus de séparation des constituants d'un mélange binaire en configuration de Rayleigh-Bénard." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30192/document.
Full textIn this study, the influence of vertical vibrations on species thermo-gravitational separation of a binary fluid, saturating a porous medium, is presented. The cell is horizontal of large aspect ratio and situated in the gravity field. A formulation using time average equations is used. Two configurations have been considered and compared. In the first one, a constant heat flux is imposed on the horizontal walls and in the second case, a constant heat flux is imposed on the bottom wall while a constant temperature is imposed on the top wall. For each configuration, stable unicellular solutions leading to species separation are obtained, depending on the dimensionless parameters of the problem. The analytical results are in good agreement with those obtained by direct numerical simulations. In both cases, a linear stability analysis of the equilibrium solution and the unicellular one is presented using a spectral method
Payot, Frédéric. "Etude du comportement en adsorption d'un mélange de composés organiques volatils sur charbon actif en présence ou non de vapeur d'eau." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10118.
Full textBalarac, Guillaume. "Etude numérique de la dynamique tourbillonnaire et du mélange dans les jets coaxiaux turbulents." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00121393.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous réalisons des simulations numériques directes de jets coaxiaux à un nombre de Reynolds modéré. Ces jets générent une région de recirculation lorsque le rapport des vitesses entre les jets externe et interne dépasse une valeur critique. Les anneaux de Kelvin-Helmholtz intérieurs et extérieurs ont un développement couplé. Ils sont convectés avec une même fréquence de passage contrôlée par la couche cisaillée extérieure. Ensuite, comme pour les jets ronds, des tourbillons longitudinaux contra-rotatifs apparaissent initiant la tridimensionnalisation de l'écoulement. La région de recirculation influence les anneaux de Kelvin-Helmholtz internes en les ralentissant et en les étirant longitudinalement. Deux modèles théoriques prédisant des grandeurs globales du jet (la longueur du cône potentiel interne et la valeur du rapport de vitesse critique au-delà duquel la région de recirculation apparaît) montrent l'influence de l'épaisseur de quantité de mouvement intérieure initiale.
Les propriétés de mélange ont ensuite été étudiées en résolvant l'équation de transport d'un traceur simultanément aux équations de Navier-Stokes. Les structures cohérentes de l'écoulement contrôlent le processus de mélange. Les tourbillons longitudinaux augmentent le mélange par un phénomène d'éjection du traceur en périphérie du jet. Cependant, la configuration initiale du jet montre que des poches de traceur non mélangé persistent à la fin de la transition. Les modifications des conditions d'entrée du jet diminuant ces poches sont celles qui permettent une génération plus précoce ou plus intense de structures longitudinales. C'est le cas de la région de recirculation qui étire longitudinalement les structures. De la même façon, un forçage azimutal de la couche cisaillée externe (qui domine la dynamique) améliore nettement le mélange et semble être plus performant qu'un forçage axisymétrique en ce qui concerne le mélange en champ proche.
Pour finir, nous avons réalisé des simulations des grandes échelles de jets coaxiaux à hauts nombres de Reynolds. L'auto-similitude des jets coaxiaux en turbulence pleinement développée a permis une validation sur les données expérimentales. Les quantités globales des jets coaxiaux sont fortement dépendantes du nombre de Reynolds jusqu'à ce que celui-ci atteigne une valeur de l'ordre de 10000. Au-delà de cette valeur, ces quantités sont quasi-indépendantes du nombre de Reynolds en raison du phénomène de ``mixing transition'' qui implique une déstabilisation tridimensionnelle immédiate du jet. Cette déstabilisation précoce des couches cisaillées conduit la région de recirculation à un comportement instationnaire. Enfin, cela permet une nette amélioration du mélange avec un phénomène d'éjection du traceur proche de l'entrée du jet.
Van, Frank Gaëlle. "Gestion participative de la diversité cultivée et création de mélanges diversifiés de blé tendre à la ferme." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS525/document.
Full textThe transition from a diversified agriculture to a productivist system has led to a decline in cultivated diversity and raises many environmental, societal and health issues. Alternatives such as agro-ecology have emerged, based in particular on the enhancement of agro-biodiversity and genetic diversity within agro-ecosystems. Considering that there are no varieties adapted to their needs in the catalogue, farmers and facilitators from the Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) have been conducting a participatory breeding project (PPB) for bread wheat since 2006, in collaboration with the DEAP (Diversity, Evolution and Adaptation of Populations) team at UMR GQE Le Moulon. These farmers are mobilizing diversity to select populations adapted to their practices, terroir and outlets, with the aim of regaining their seed autonomy and a coherence of their system. My thesis focuses on the study of the impacts of collective management and peasant selection practices on wheat crop diversity and population adaptation. It aims to propose possible adaptation of existing PPB practices and to support the implementation of new projects. The impacts of on-farm creation and selection practices of population mixtures on their agronomic and morphological behaviour were evaluated through an experiment in collaboration with about fifteen farmers and facilitators from the RSP. In a second part we studied the impacts of natural selection and peasant selection on the evolution of populations, their stability and adaptation to environments during the wheat PPB project. Then a prospective study on the impacts of the adoption of heterogeneous varieties on cultivated diversity at the landscape level was conducted, by assessing the diversity of populations from PPB, simulating adoption of heterogeneous varieties scenarii and using cultivated diversity indicators. Finally, the impacts of the on-farm experimental design parameters on the adjustment and accuracy of estimates from Bayesian models were assessed, to improve our ability to detect significant differences between populations and to provide recommendations for other decentralized variety evaluation projects using the designs and models developed in the French wheat PPB project
Lederlin, Thomas. "Conception et étude expérimentale et numérique d'un système de contrôle de trajectoire et mélange des jets de gaz dans les brûleurs à oxygène." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7537/1/lederlin1.pdf.
Full textAnnušová, Adriana. "Étude de la cinétique des décharges et post-décharges excitées à hautes et très hautes fréquences dans les mélanges azotés." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10089/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the study of the kinetics of discharges and post-discharges in flowing nitrogen and nitrogen mixtures at moderate pressures. The kinetic modeling was performed on the basis of experimental results in order to understand the production and destruction processes of the species presents in the plasma. The thesis is divided into two parts according to the type of the discharge and gas mixtures studied. In the frame of the part A, a N2-Ar discharge generated by an original helical cavity excited at 27 MHz is examined by optical emission spectroscopy. Based on experimental results, a global kinetic model coupled with a model of the vibrational distribution function of the N2(C3Pu, v’=0-4) state have been developed. These models enable the analysis of our results and demonstrate the importance of the mechanisms involving metastable nitrogen and argon species, i.e. N2(A3Su+) et Ar(3P0,2). In Part B, discharges in mixtures of N2-O2 generated by a 433 MHz coaxial cavity were studied along with the afterglows by optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry methods. A 0D kinetic model, based on experimental results, is associated with a flow simulation in order to qualitatively reproduce the evolution of concentrations and predict the nature of the environment created by the discharge as well as its characteristics for the applications of thin layer deposits of organosilicon materials for microtechnology
Dussopt, Laurent. "Technologies et concepts nouveaux d'antennes planaires pour systèmes de communication : structures passives et actives." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5425.
Full textSelmi, Moez. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement des sols meubles traités par un agent tensio-actif." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEE004.
Full textTunnel construction worldwide is becoming increasingly important thanks to economic and industrial development and the growing need for tunnels in various applications (ease of transport, trade, etc.). On the other hand, the quantities of fine loose soil produced during digging are significant and constitute a disadvantage since they are generally classified as waste and placed in the disposal area. It is thanks to the treatment carried out and the addition of lubricants (surfactants) during digging operations that the excavated soil is considered polluted. Mechanical properties of excavated soil depend on the surfactant used during the excavation procedure. Different types of surfactant are used to facilitate and improve the excavation procedure. In the case of clay soils, foaming agents are usually used in order to ensure the stability of the tunnel, and to reduce the problems caused during the advancement of the cutter head of the tunnel boring machine as well as the transport of the excavated soil by the screw conveyor outside the boring machine. The effect of these lubricants on the hydro mechanical behavior of excavated soils has not yet been sufficiently investigated by the scientific community. The objective of this thesis is to study the effect of soil treatment with a given foaming agent on the hydromechanical behavior of the soil as well as the evolution of the behavior during lubricant degradation. Indeed, the evolution of the foam is manifested by the evolution of the bubbles of which it is composed. Such evolution goes from creation to crushing under physical or mechanical effects. As part of this work, soils model formed from a sand-Kaolin mixture with a surfactant which acts as a lubricant were chosen to conduct a whole series of tests. These experiments make it possible to investigate the hydro mechanical characteristics of the soil conditioned with foaming agent. Numerical simulations of the mechanica and hydrodynamic behavior of the treated soil were carried out with the aim of predicting the behavior of other soils treated with possibly other types of lubricants, once the modeling approach has been adopted
Marrot, Franck. "Développement d'une boucle expérimentale de contrôle actif sur un écoulement de type marche descendante en vue de piloter les couplages aéroacoustiques et modifier le mélange diphasique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ESAE0022.
Full textAlarcan, Jimmy. "Effects of co-exposure of marine lipophilic biotoxins on the intestinal barrier, bioactivation and molecular modes of action." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B014/document.
Full textLipophilic phycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by some phytoplankton species. They accumulate in filter-feeding molluscs and can cause intoxication in humans with a wide variety of symptoms. This work aimed at bringing better knowledge on their fate in humans and their effects after ingestion by providing data on their intestinal absorption and their hepatic metabolism since these phenomena affect the amount of toxin circulating in the body and therefore the generation of toxic effects. In addition, several phycotoxins are sometimes found simultaneously in shellfish while the effects of these mixtures are still unknown. Four lipophilic phycotoxins, okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2), yessotoxin (YTX) and spirolide (SPX-1) were selected. The intestinal passage was evaluated using human intestinal Caco-2 cells mimicking the intestinal epithelium. If differences in absorption were observed for the 4 phycotoxins, our results showed that the intestinal epithelium was also able to send them back into the intestinal lumen, thus limiting the amount circulating in the body. Similarly, using liver extracts, we showed that the structure of the 4 phycotoxins was modified, mainly by hydroxylation reactions. For mixtures effects, the addition of another toxin (PTX-2, YTX or SPX-1) to OA results in lower effects at low concentrations, and additive or larger effects at higher concentrations. These results provide additional data that can be used to confirm or revise regulatory thresholds established for these toxins
Kandoussi, Khalid. "Procédé de fabrication à T<200°C de transistors en couches minces de silicium microcristallin déposé par PECVD en mélange SiH₄-H₂-Ar." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S159.
Full textThis work is dedicated to the achievement of microcrystalline silicon, deposited by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) at temperature lower than 200 ° C, for applications in active matrix flat panel displays and electronics on flexible plastic substrate. At First, the deposition parameters are optimized to obtain the best structural and electronic properties of microcrystalline silicon layers. The study of the effect of argon adding to the gas mixture is the main tool used. This study leads to the determination of an optimum gas flow rates for which the best structural and electronic properties are obtained. The optimum of argon flow rate is explained from measurements of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) that show the important role of argon metastable states in the silane and molecular hydrogen dissociation. After that, NMOS transistors on glass in a "Top Gate" coplanar configuration using this microcrystalline silicon as the active layer, are fabricated and characterized. Stable transistors with low off-current and an electron mobility of 10 cm2/Vs are obtained. Finally, the developed realization process is used to make transistors directly onto flexible plastic substrate in the "Top-gate" and "Bottom-gate" configurations. The good results achieved open the way to the development of electronics on plastic that can be integrated into microsystems
Viallon, Christophe. "Optimisation de structures différentielles en technologie SIGE pour applications en bande millimétrique : application à la conception d'un mélangeur doublement équilibré en bande K." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30223.
Full textSutre, Eric. "Les formations de la marge néotethysienne et les mélanges ophiolitiques de la zone de suture de l'Indus en Himalaya du Ladakh - Inde. - Stratigraphie, tectonique, évolution géodynamique." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805270.
Full textAbbassi, Sourki Foroud. "Droplet type morphology development in immiscible polymer blends in the presence of a surface active agent." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27089/27089.pdf.
Full textDanlos, Amélie. "Dynamique des jets contrôlés : Application à l'étude du mélange dans des écoulements de jets annulaires à très grand rapport de diamètres." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649177.
Full textKadar, Ali. "Evaluation de l'effet mélange sur la clairance hépatique humaine de pesticides appartenant à deux groupes de matières actives communément retrouvées dans l'alimentation française : développement analytique et études cinétiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0322.
Full textGeneral population is exposed to several pesticides, mainly via the diet. Whereas these active ingredients obtained their marketing authorization individually, the available data regarding their impact as a mixture on the human body are scarce. In order to help better understanding this “mixture effect”, we aimed at studying the human hepatic in vitro metabolism of two pesticides mixtures commonly found in the diet
Danlos, Amélie. "Dynamique des jets contrôlés : Application à l’étude du mélange dans des écoulements de jets annulaires à très grand rapport de diamètres." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES055.
Full textHorri, Khaled. "Effets d’une exposition alimentaire chronique à un mélange environnemental de PCB et PBDE sur les traits d’histoire de vie, la bioénergétique et la dynamique des populations de poissons." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH09/document.
Full textPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are two families of hydrophobic compounds sharing some similar environmental properties. Previous studies have demonstrated that these compounds could affect fish life-history traits. However, few studies have focused on environmental situations. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part aimed to evaluate the effects of a realistic mixture of PCBs and PBDEs on the life-history traits of zebrafish. The results showed a slower growth, but to a larger asymptotic length, and delayed spawning probability in exposed fish. In addition, offspring issued from early spawning events of exposed fish exhibited a lower larval survival under starvation condition. The second part aimed to identify, on the basis of a bioenergetic model (DEB), the physiological modes of action (PMoA) of PCBs and PBDEs. Two potential PMoAs have been revealed: the first one was through an increase of the fraction of energy allocated to somatic maintenance and growth and the second one was through an increase of the cost of production of an egg. The third part focused on the population dynamical consequences of the individual life-history effects of PCBs and PBDEs. The results showed a lower abundance, a higher biomass and a higher risk of overexploitation in exposed population compared to control population. The results of this thesis could be a helpful tool for sustainable management of fish stocks that take into account the effects of multiple contaminations that are added to the fishing pressure
Even, Véronique. "Analyse de tensio-actifs non ioniques dans le contexte de la récupération assistée : application à des phases aqueuses ayant transité sur des roches mères." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066604.
Full textArtola, Pierre-Arnaud. "Étude théorique et numérique de l'effet Soret." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00528058.
Full textBarraud, Elodie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de borures, carbures et nitrures de M (M=Hf ou Zr) à partir de mélanges de poudres à base de HfCl₄ ou MO₂ activés mécaniquement : essais préliminaires de frittage de poudres de HfB₂." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL049N.
Full textIn this work, we have studied the synthesis ofborides, carbides and nitrides of zirconium and hafnium, from powders of chlorides and oxides by mechanosynthesis or bail milling. The interest is to synthesize by a new way, Jess complicated than those usually applied, useful compounds for nuclear industry and to increase the value of secondary products of this industry. The compounds have been synthesized in three stages : bail milling, thermal treatment and washing. The reactional mechanisms have been investigated for ail mixtures at every stage. The products of mechanosynthesis have been characterized mainly by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, scanning and transmission electronic microscopy, mass and infra-red spectroscopy. The ball milling conditions (duration and amount of reagents) have been optimized to obtain pure products. After thermal treatrnent under flowing neuter atmosphere, the mixtures have been washed by hydrochloric acid and / or alcohol to extract the secondary products of the reaction. The microstructures of products have been characterized. When the bor ides are synthesized from hafnium tetrachloride, according to the composition of original mixture the morphology of single cristals is either facetted grains or nanorods, the diameter of wich is around 100 nm. We have shown the conditions necessary to obtain the nanorods and we have suggested hypotheses to explain their growth mechanism. In the particular case of hafnium borides, their densification by hot pressing bas been investigated
Mitov, Michel. "Action du champ électrique sur des cristaux électriques chiraux en géométrie confinée." Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4666.
Full textWe present phase diagrams of mixtures between a cholesteric liquid crystal sidechains polymer with cholesteric or nematic low molar mass liquid crystals. We describe a new phenomenon occuring at the threshold of the cholesteric / nematic transition induced by an electric field in a confined geometry (i. E. : the celle thickness is of the order of the helicoidal pitch). It consists, in optical microscopy, in the spiral shape of filaments (bound to the cholesteric phase) embedded in the homeotropic matrix (untwisted cholesteric). We give a flexo-electric type model, based on the propagation of surface distorsions, for the spirals nucleation. A growth mechanism, linked to the intrinsic structure of filaments (exhibiting a double twist) is suggested. We show how to use of a photo-crosslinkabke polymer permits to freeze field-induced structures, as the spirals, and we give the experimental process for obtaining a film for electron microscopy studies. This gelation process via a polymeric network leads to new ways for applications as for micro-structural studies
VIALLON, Christophe. "Optimisation de structures différentielles en technologie SiGe pour applications en bande millimétrique. Application à la conception d'un mélangeur doublement équilibré en bande K." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011033.
Full textDo, Minh-Nhut. "Co-conception et caractérisation de circuits actifs et passifs tri-dimensionnels en bande K pour l'intégration de mycrosystèmes sur silicium aux fréquences milimétriques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196619.
Full textEl, Ismaili Mohammed. "Out-of-equilibrium Binary Colloidal Mixtures : Experimental magnetic system and simulations of active Lennard-Jones mixtures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0172.
Full textLiving systems generally operate in non-equilibrium states by continuously consuming energy, thus exhibiting rich collective dynamics and properties. Physical investigations often rely on analogies with model systems in soft matter, such as colloids. In this thesis, we develop two colloidal model systems that operate in non-equilibrium states and exhibit interesting phenomena similar to those of certain biological systems, such as self-assembly, viscoelasticity, phase transitions, and segregation. In the first part of this thesis, we study experimentally and theoretically the dynamics of two-dimensional clusters of paramagnetic colloids under a time-varying magnetic field. Due to the continuous energy input by the rotating field, these self-assembled clusters are at a dissipative non-equilibrium state. We experimentally characterize the dynamics of cluster rotation and we develop a theoretical model to explain the observations by the emergence of collective viscoelastic properties. The model successfully captures the observed dependence on particle, cluster, and field characteristics, and it provides an estimate of cluster viscoelasticity. We extend our study to the case of binary clusters of colloids of two different sizes and magnetic susceptibilities. The composition dependence of the rotation dynamics is successfully captured by a generalization of our theoretical model. We also investigate the evolution of the internal distribution of the two particle types, reminiscent of segregation in a drop of two immiscible liquids, and the effect of such structure on the rotation dynamics. Next, we study cluster disassembly in response to a change in the external field. The experimentally observed disassembly dynamics are successfully described by a model, which moreover provides an estimate of the particle-substrate friction coefficient. In the second part of the thesis, we investigate a two-dimensional binary mixture of active and passive Lennard-Jones colloids, characterized by different degrees of scalar activity, modeled by an effective temperature difference. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of this system using two different thermostats. We consider two equilibrium reference systems: a homogeneous system and a gas-liquid interfacial system. We drive these systems out-of-equilibrium by increasing the effective temperature difference and we systematically investigate the effect on their behaviors and properties. For the homogeneous system, our results indicate that the presence of differential activity shifts the mixture from solid towards the liquid state and renders it more deformable than a homogeneous state at the average temperature. The binary mixture remains homogeneous for moderate activity difference between the two species, and segregation arises for a sufficiently large activity difference. For the interfacial system, we investigate the effect of activity on a pre-existing gas-liquid interface between two separated species. We find that a high activity difference induces the formation of new solid-liquid interfaces, whereas a low difference destabilizes pre-existing liquid-gas interfaces. Moreover, the combination of a pre-existent interface with differential activity leads to partial crystallization and thus to triple phase coexistence (solid, liquid, and gas), which is observed over a wide range of differential activities. Our findings from these idealized systems could guide our understanding and point to certain physical mechanisms at play in biological systems, where similar dynamical behaviors are observed
Bulou, Simon. "Dépôt de couches minces de SiCN par dépot chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma micro-onde : caractéristion du procédé et des films synthétisés dans un mélange N2/Ar/CH4/H2/hexaméthyldisilazane." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10107/document.
Full textThin films made of Si, C, and N exhibit promising properties such as high hardness or wide tunable bandgap. This study concerns the deposition of SiCN thin films by MPACVD, whose optical properties can be changed by varying experimental deposition conditions. A gaseous mixture made of N2/Ar/hexamethyldisilazane(HMDSN) allows the synthesis of hard and transparent coating. The deposited material is very close to those of amorphous hydrogenated silicon nitride, with rather low carbon content. Effects on the films of different experimental deposition parameters are explored. CH4 addition to the N2/Ar/HMDSN gaseous mixture does not widely modify the chemical composition but leads to denser and smoother layers. H2/Ar/HMDSN plasma instead of N2/Ar/HMDSN results in thin films with a high C content. Thin film composition is closed to SiCx:H with N content lower than 15 %. Refractive index is high (2.15) and band gap (3.5 eV) is closed to that of SiC material. Addition of a small quantity of N2 (5 %) to the gaseous mixture leads to a sharp atomic composition change. The deposited material is closed to SiNx:H and exhibits a refractive index of 1.95 and a bandgap of 4.5 eV. These large modifications could be related to Si-C cross-links density. This dramatic change is probably due to two combined effects. On one hand, carbon in gaseous phase reacts with nitrogen and produces stable products, in particular CN and HCN. On the other hand, Si preferentially links with N than with C what results in material close to silicon nitride. Wide modifications of SiCN thin films optical properties can thus be obtained by adding very low N2 flow in H2/Ar/HMDSN plasma
Nacereddine, Rabia. "Intéractions de structures localisées dans un écoulement pariétal : nouveau mécanisme de transition by-pass." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10079.
Full textThe interaction between two localized disturbances is analyzed in a subcritical channel flow through direct numerical simulations. The initial perturbations are of the form of two pairs of counter rotating vortices. One of them interacts with the wall normal vorticity layers set-up near the wall, by compressing or stretching locally part of them through the straining motion it induces. The breakdown of spanwise symmetry leads to the rapid development of a new wall normal vorticity patch that is tilted by the shear and rolls up into a new small-scale streamwise vortex. The process results in a localized turbulent spot at later stages of development. A detailed analysis is carried out to determine the role of different parameters entering in the physics of the mechanism. Several critical thresholds that trigger the interactive bypass transition process are found and analyzed. The similitude parameters resulting from the parametric investigation coincide well with those governing the self-sustaining Reynolds shear stress producing eddies in the buffer layer of a fully developed turbulent wall flow. Tt is suggested that the mechanism we propose may play some role in the regeneration cycle of the near wall turbulence generating structures by precisely bypassing the three-dimensional streak instability mechanism. Based on these results, an active micro-mixing strategy through forcing the flow by synthetic wall jets is proposed. The feasibilitv of this strategy is shown through direct numerical simulations of high spatial and temporal resolution
Almasri, Hanine. "Toxicologie des mélanges de pesticides chez des abeilles exposées à un agent pathogène : action combinée de l'agent pathogène Nosema ceranae, de l'insecticide imidaclopride, du fongicide difénoconazole et de l'herbicide glyphosate Mixtures of an insecticide, a fungicide and a herbicide induce high toxicities and systemic physiological disturbances in winter Apis mellifera honey bees Toxicity of the pesticides imidacloprid, difenoconazole and glyphosate alone and in binary and ternary mixtures to winter honey bees: effects on survival and antioxidative defenses Toxicological status changes the susceptibility of the honey bee Apis mellifera to a single fungicidal spray application Physiological effects of the interaction between Nosema ceranae and sequential and overlapping exposure to glyphosate and difenoconazole in the honey bee Apis mellifera." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0722.
Full textCurrent scientific findings suggest a decline in the diversity and abundance of insects, including the honey bee Apis mellifera. The latter are facing high colony losses in several regions of the world such as Western Europe and the United States. Numerous studies suggest that the origin of bee colony decline is multi-causal and identify pesticides and pathogens as the main contributors to this decline. Co-exposure of honey bees to multiple pesticides and infection by multiple pathogens are common phenomena. However, research on the effects of pesticide mixtures has not been extensively developed. Thus, the thesis work has focused on determining the toxicity of pesticide mixtures, applied at environmental exposure levels, in the presence of pathogens. The choice was made to study the interactions between a neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, an azole fungicide, difenoconazole, and a herbicide, glyphosate, in the presence of the pathogen Nosema ceranae. The results of the different studies, carried out during this thesis, reveal the complexity of the studies on pesticide mixtures. The work allowed us to notice that the effects of a pesticide mixture can vary according to the concentrations of the pesticides constituting the mixture. The increase of the number of substances and the level of exposure does not necessarily induce an increase of the toxicity of the mixture. Furthermore, the effects of the mixture may vary depending on the sequence of exposure to the different pesticides and the health status of the honey bees. Pesticide mixtures affect the physiological state of individuals as a result of a systemic response related to disturbances of general mechanisms such as oxidative stress. However, these three pesticides, alone and in mixtures, have no effect on the installation of the intestinal microbiota at environmental exposure levels
Camus, Manuel. "Architecture de réception RF très faible coût et très faible puissance : application aux réseaux de capteurs et au standard ZigBee." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00309926.
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