Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mélange fluide'
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Le, Guer Yves. "Jet confiné, dispersions fluide-particules et mélange chaotique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00403912.
Full textLes méthodes d'investigations sont essentiellement expérimentales, quelques développements numériques sont aussi présentés.
Le premier thème a trait à l'étude du comportement oscillatoire d'un jet fluide, plan, qui débouche dans une cavité contenant un obstacle. L'instabilité globale de l'écoulement conduit à son oscillation auto-entretenue. La dynamique du jet présente alors une fréquence caractéristique bien précise, dépendant principalement de paramètres géométriques, qui a permis d'envisager son utilisation comme débitmètre.
Le second thème abordé concerne l'étude de dispersions de particules flottantes en écoulement. Les deux projets présentés s'inscrivent dans le cadre plus général de l'étude de nouveaux fluides frigoporteurs diphasiques développés au LaTEP (les coulis de glace). Le premier projet se rapporte à une configuration académique : l'ascension d'une sphère de glace en colonne liquide. Les couplages dynamique (instabilités de sillage, trajectoires) et thermique (changement de phase) sont complexes, le régime d'écoulement évoluant à chaque instant. Le second projet de ce thème se rapporte à l'hydrodynamique d'une dispersion solide-liquide modèle en conduite cylindrique horizontale. Différents régimes d'écoulement non homogène ont été mis en évidence à partir de l'évolution spatio-temporelle du champ de vitesse, en fonction de la fraction solide de la phase dispersée.
Le troisième thème concerne l'étude du mélange obtenu en régime d'advection chaotique pour un écoulement laminaire. Plusieurs volets ont été développés autour de l'écoulement de Dean alterné tridimensionnel existant au sein de conduites courbes. Expérimentalement, il a été prouvé, par comparaison à un écoulement se développant dans un serpentin hélicoïdal, que les écoulements chaotiques sont plus efficaces en terme de mélange diffusif et réactif, donc jusqu'à une échelle moléculaire. Numériquement, une méthode originale basée sur la transformation de maillages anisotropes associés aux déplacements de scalaires advectés par l'écoulement a été mise au point. Elle permet l'évaluation, la comparaison et l'optimisation du mélange au sein d'écoulements 2D périodiques en temps ou 3D spatialement périodiques. Les efficacités d'écoulements régulier, partiellement chaotique et globalement chaotique sont analysées à partir de différents critères pour quantifier le mélange diffusif et réactif.
Aujourd'hui, de nouvelles applications du mélange chaotique sont considérées. Plus particulièrement, la production d'émulsions pétrolières à partir d'huiles lourdes très visqueuses est étudiée.
Lapeyre, Guillaume. "Topologie du mélange dans un fluide turbulent géophysique." Paris 6, 2000. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01475960.
Full textCollin, Erwan. "Etude de l'injection radiale de fluide dans une couche de mélange annulaire supersonique : application à l'augmentation du mélange." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2307.
Full textThe study concerns an active control method of mixing enhancement of a supersonic main jet. This method consists in radial air injection through one or several small control jets, which cross-sections are either rectangular or circular. Mean and turbulent flow measurements, space-time correlations and instantaneous visualisations put forward several characteristics of the flow near the injection and in the far field of the interaction between the main jet and the control jet(s). An hypermixing application is proposed, through a parametric study
Lardeau, Sylvain. "Simulation numérique directe du contrôle d'écoulements cisaillés libres par injection de fluide." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2328.
Full textMermond, Yannick. "Transferts de chaleur dans un mélange constitué de fluide frigorigène et d'huile." Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN10287.
Full textThe phase out of chlorine containing refrigerants (CFC and HCFC) has led to the introduction of new refrigerants and lubricants to the market. The interest in using HFC fluids as working fluids in heat pumps and refrigerating systems has increased during the last decade due to their ability to replace fluids harmful to the stratospheric ozone layer. The study presents the influence of synthetic oil (POE ISO 68) on flow boiling of refrigerants R134a (pure fluid) and R410A (R32/R125 50%/50%). Local and average heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops have been measured for a smooth horizontal tube. The distribution of the heat transfer coefficient at the inner walI has been obtained from solving the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP) and resulted in a local combination of nucleate and convective contributions to flow boiling. Local heat transfer coefficients have been averaged and displayed as a function of the vapour quality. For R134a: small amounts of oil (1 % to 6% in the liquid phase) increased the heat transfer coefficient at low and intermediate vapour qualities (Iess than 0. 60) compared to pure fluid. However a hugh reduction of the heat transfer has been observed at higher vapour qualities. For R410A: oil dramatically decreases the heat transfer coefficient compared to pure fluid. Pressure drops are also affected by small amounts of lubricant: an important increase has been noted for both fluids. Available design methods for flow boiling heat transfer coefficient (superposition, enhancement, asymptotic) badly predict the experimental results. Nevertheless a new design method accounting for flow patterns has shown good agreements. The influence of the lubricant on the heat transfer is discussed and a new proposition is made to calculate pressure drops
Ndombo, Jean-Marc. "Modélisation numérique d'un écoulement anisotherme dans un té de mélange par simulation des grandes échelles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4370/document.
Full textThermal fluctuations present in mixing tees cause thermal stresses that can lead to the appearation of cracks, which spread more or less quickly in the structure. One possibility to reduce these risks is to set static mixers (statics mixers) to increase the mixture. Such technology has been used by Utveckling AB since 1980 in nuclear installations. However, these technologies are very expensive. It is for this reason that many numerical investigations have been made to predict temperature fluctuations caused by turbulent mixing in this configuration flow. The resolution of the conservation equations is made with a finite volume approach using large eddy simulation or LES . The subgrid models used are Smagorinsky, WALE (Wall Adapted Local Eddy) and dynamic Smagorinsky. The SGDH model (Simple Gradient Di? Usion Hypothesis) is used for modeling greeting thermal subgrid and the turbulent Prandtl number is fixed one. Generation turbulence input field is made using the SEM method (Synthetic Eddy Method). The main contribution of this thesis is the determination of time turbulent statistic in a complex configuration. Indeed, the transport equations of turbulent kinetic energy, temperature variance and turbulent heat flux are determined in both configurations (adiabatic walls and stainless steel), which shows the influence of the wall on heat transfer in near-wall region
Bellini, Stéphane. "Etude expérimentale des structures cohérentes d'une couche de mélange plane turbulente de fluide incompressible." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2292.
Full textHabchi, Charbel. "Étude expérimentale et numérique des phénomènes de mélange turbulent et de transfert thermique en présence de vorticité." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2032.
Full textThe aim of the present doctoral thesis is the study of turbulent mixing and heat transfer in multifunctional heat exchangers/reactors (MHER) of vortex generator type. The geometry of the MHER strongly influences its energeticefficiency by controlling the flow structure. Thus, understanding of the mechanisms of turbulent mixing and convective heat transfer is a key issue for improving the energetic efficiency of these devices. This work is composed of two main parts: First, we investigate the chemical probe methods, based on a system of parallel-competitive chemical reactions, which are then used to characterize the micromixing in continuous flows. Here, we propose an adaptive experimental procedure to adapt the kinetics of the chemical reactions to the local turbulence. In addition, based on physical modeling of the interaction between the different turbulent mixing scales, we define a domain of validity for this method depending on the hydrodynamic conditions at the probe measurement point. The second part is devoted to the study of the turbulent mixing and heat transfer phenomena in three different turbulent flows in the presence of artificially generated vorticity in a straight circular tube. The tools used in this investigation are the laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and CFD simulation. Several physical approaches are used to characterize the different mechanisms of turbulent mixing and heat transfer aimed at determining the best configuration of vorticity generation
Lebret, Yann. "Etude numérique de la couche de mélange turbulente compressible." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES043.
Full textNguyen, Trong Dai. "Influences des propriétés non-Newtoniennes sur un mélange de scalaire passif." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0084.
Full textThis thesis presents an experimental study of the mixing in complex fluids which is conducted in partnership with Sanofi Pasteur. The mixture is one of the most common act in everyday life and also in industrial activities. We found in the literature many studies focusing on the mixing tanks with objective to improve performance based on observation of large scale. By cons, in our knowledge, there is few or no research on the hydrodynamics of a mixture in complex fluides. In our work, we study non-Newtonian fluids formed of diluted solution of polymer which characterized by their viscoelastic and shear thinning properties. We used in this study aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide (PAA) or xanthan gum (XG). To identify the difference in behavior with Newtonian fluid, an experimental study with water is carried out under the same conditions as those non-Newtonian fluids. At first, this study was on a reduced mixing tank of Sanofi Pasteur. The results, which not shown in this thesis, led us to develop a fundamental study of flow in a mixer with a simple geometry. The objective is to be able to control the initial conditions and to avoid the side effects of agitation to focus on the mixture. For this, we chose a mixer in a T shape with two perpendicular inputs. Exploring 2D velocity and scalar concentration fields in this T-junction is provided simultaneously of optical techniques (PIV and PLIF). Observations show a significant effect on the hydodynamic and mixture related to the presence of polymers in the flow. In addition, results are used to calculate the Reynolds stress uv and the scalar flux vc and uc. They will be used to check their compliance with the k epsilon model that commonly used in industry
Raynal, Ludovic. "Instabilité et entrainement à l'interface d'une couche de mélange liquide-gaz." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10222.
Full textPrimel, Antoine. "Étude du comportement d'un mélange de fluide supercritique et de polyuréthane thermoplastique pour une application de pièces automobiles." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS378.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the behavior of a supercritical fluid (nitrogen or carbon dioxide) and thermoplastic polyurethanemeltmix during the production of jounce bumpers by the MuCell® injection molding process. First of all, the state of the art was developed in a literature review which allowed to describe the main phenomena that occur during processing of a mixture of supercritical fluid and polymer in microcellular foam. Then, a study at the laboratory scale allowed to characterize and model the behavior of a thermoplastic polyurethane in contact with a supercritical fluid and deduct the characteristics and behaviors essential to the understanding of various phenomena encountered during the process(diffusion, solubility , nucleation...). Finally, the last part of this work concerns the implementation of previously acquired knowledge on industrial means in order to analyze and stabilize the generated microcellular foam
Chauvet, Margot. "Extrusion assistée par CO2 supercritique appliquée au moussage d’un biopolymère, le poly(acide lactique), seul ou en mélange à de l’amidon : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EMAC0008/document.
Full textNowadays, foams of thermoplastic polymers (or expanded plastics) are used in many applications of day life. They can be found in insulation, shock absorption, packaging or biomedical specific applications. One of the major drawbacks lies in the use of synthetic materials. To overcome this problem, the use of biobased and biodegradable polymers represents an interesting alternative.The aim of this work is to elaborate foams with the biopolymer poly(lactic acid), PLA. To manufacture such a porous material, the process of extrusion assisted by supercritical CO2 is an efficient solution. Indeed, depending on operating conditions and CO2 solubility in the biopolymer, its injection in the barrel of an extruder modifies the rheological behaviour of the polymer. It also plays the role of an expansion agent during the depressurization undergone by the polymer while flowing through the die. The main advantages in comparison with traditional methods, are that, here, the physical blowing agent (CO2) is not toxic, environmentally friendly while leaving no residue in the final product. This process shows great potential for the creation of porous materials with different morphologies. Foams with porosity as high as 95 % have been produced. For such a high porosity, two structures have been observed: foams with a large radial expansion with only open cells of large size, or foams with a large longitudinal expansion with low content of open cell having small size. A parametric study (T, P, CO2 %) was conducted with PLA both pure and mixed with starch in various forms. The latter makes it possible to improve the biodegradability of the PLA and to modify its behaviour during the foaming. Modelling of the process could allow a better understanding. A model based on the coupling between the polymer flow in the die with the nucleation and growth phenomena, has been developed. It has been validated by comparison with the experimental results previously obtained
Kao, Pai-Ling. "Étude numérique des instabilités convectives et des structures cohérentes dans des couches de mélange libres ou décollées." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT012H.
Full textGuyez, Estelle. "Mélange d'interfaces de densité en écoulements de Taylor - Couette." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00081798.
Full textTouitou, Floriane. "Caractérisation des panaches thermiques dans un fluide à viscosité variable : Application à l'entraînement et au mélange dans le manteau terrestre." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066127.
Full textKhouzam, Ali. "Étude analytique et numérique de la thermodiffusion en fluide binaire en présence de convection mixte." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2142/.
Full textIn the present work, an analytical and numerical study to determine the species separation process in a binary fluid mixture by decoupling the thermal gradient from the convective velocity was performed. The configuration considered is a horizontal rectangular cavity of large aspect ratio, filled with a binary fluid. A constant tangential velocity is applied to the upper horizontal wall only, or to the upper and bottom wall. Species separation is governed by two control parameters, the temperature difference and the velocity of the upper plate. The intensity of the thermodiffusion is controlled by the temperature gradient, while the velocity controls the convective flow. Two types of horizontal wall boundary conditions were investigated: a constant temperature and constant wall heat flux. The governing parameters of the problem are the aspect ratio, A, the Lewis number, Le, the Prandtl number, Pr, the separation ratio, ?, and the tow control parameters: the thermal Rayleigh number, Ra and the Péclet number Pe. The separation (mass fraction difference between the two ends of the cell) is obtained analytically as a function of Péclet number and Rayleigh number. The numerical results, obtained using the full governing equations, are in good agreement with the analytical results based on a parallel flow approximation. Linear stability analysis of the unicellular flow is also performed. We have shown that the Rayleigh number leading to optimal separation remains below the critical Rayleigh number leading to the loss of stability of the unicellular flow. The unicellular flow loses its stability via a Hopf bifurcation and gives rise to a multicellular unsteady flow
Hanouzet, Romain. "Propagation et mélange d'un fluide léger issu d'une source de flottabilité : application aux incendies dans les galeries souterraines à forte pente." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0083.
Full textThis thesis is in the framework of the fire safety applied to the french project Cigéo. This facility is composed by a complex gallery network with high local slope (10-15 \%). Control of the fire risk is essential in order to limit potential damage on this facility. The impact of the slope of the tunnel on the propagation of smokes appears to be a main issue. Experiments on the propagation of a light fluid from a fixed volume, called gravity current, are made in order to quantify the impact of confinement, density difference and slope of the tunnel on the spreading laws established in the litterature for an open ambient case. New dimensionless parameters are proposed in order to take into account the effect of large density difference. An experimental study is presented on propagation and stratification of a light fluid from an continuous source. When the tunnel is inclined, two flows are formed: in the upper part, the light fluid is evacuated by buoyancy and in lower part, a backlayer is formed. Experiments highlights the dependance of the backlayer lenght as a function of the source buoyancy flux and the slope of the tunnel. The propagation rate of the light fluid in the upper part is increased by the slope of the tunnel. Consequently, the shearing stress is increased and the light fluid is destratified
Belghazi, Mourad. "Condensation d'un fluide pur et de mélanges zéotropes à l'extérieur d'un faisceau de tubes à surface améliorée." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10055.
Full textLuo, Haining. "Simulation numérique directe pour un écoulement turbulent dans un T-jonction d'un fluide non-Newtonien." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC026/document.
Full textFor the simplicity in geometry by comparing it with other mixers in the industry, flows in T-junction configuration have been studied. More specifically, Direct Numerical Simulations is carried out using OpenFOAM on a convergent T-junction configuration with circular and rectangular cross-section. Both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (Bird-Carreau model) are taken into account. Firstly, DNS data is compared to Nguyen’s experimental work on the circular T-junction at regime deflecting [1]. Good agreement between simlation and experiment is achieved. The organization of coherent structures is illustrated in laminar and turbulent for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian cases. Secondly, two flow regimes (deflecting and impinging) are simulated in a rectangular T-junction for the same Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The existence of non-Newtonian coherent structures (e.g. kidney vortex ) is shown. These structures are regarded as essential mixing mechanism of passive scalar mixing. The mixing efficiency is increased in regime impinging compared to regime deflecting. The shifting of the turbulence peak is only observed in regime impinging
Cotte, Laura. "Devenir des éléments métalliques en milieu hydrothermal profond : partition dissous-particulaire effective et spéciation dans le mélange fluide hydrothermal-eau de mer précoce." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0116/document.
Full textForty years after the discovery of deep hydrothermal circulation, chemical processes occurring in the early mixing between hydrothermal vent fluids and deep seawater are still not fully constrained. This thesis, whose the originality lies on the systematic use of in situ filtration, report on the partitioning of major metals (mainly Fe, Cu, Zn, Ba and Ca) between the dissolved (< 0.45 μm) and particulate (> 0.45 μm) phases in the early mixing of several black and clear smokers from the Lucky Strike vent field (37°N, MAR). The behavior and the speciation of Cu in the dissolved fraction are then deeper explored by performing ligands competition and voltammetric measurements. Our results first demonstrate the importance of the in situ filtration to restrict the bias induced by precipitation reactions or particles redissolution potentially occurring postsampling.The examination of the fluids collected at several occasions and on a wide range of smokers (240 samples) shows a spatial variability of chemical signatures along the east-west axis of the hydrothermal field. Among metals studied, most of Fe, Ca and Ba are measured as dissolved species whereas Cu and Zn are mainly found as particles. In the initial part of the mixing (50-150°C, dMn > 50 μM), the particulate pool is dominated by sphalerite (or wurtzite) and chalcopyrite, with generally lower amount of pyrite. In this zone, chemical changes seem kinetically limited and fluids collected display a chemical signature close to that of the end-members. However, as the hydrothermal fluid progressively mixes with seawater (4-50°C, dMn < 50 μm), the partitioning of some alkali and alkaline earth metals (Ca, Ba, Mg and Sr) between the two phases is deeply affected by precipitation of sulfates. Unlike thermodynamic predictions, precipitation of anhydrite, barite and potentially caminite is observed in the colder part of the mixing (4-50°C). The large increase of pH in this area also drives the beginning of Fe oxides precipitation. Finally, the dissolved Cu-ligands detected seem to be mainly inorganic sulfides originating from the hydrothermal fluid
Fontaine, Alain. "Interaction entre une onde acoustique et un fluide : application à la thermoacoustique et à la séparation des constituants d'un mélange binaire par onde ultrasonore." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1949/.
Full textIn the present work, we study the interaction between an acoustic wave and a compressible and incompressible fluid. In the first part, we present the numerical study of a thermoacoustic refrigerator and more particularly the influence of the gas state equation on the thermoacoustic effect. Thermoacoustic heat pumping is a complex phenomenon which leads to a hydrodynamic heat flux in the thermal boundary layer near a porous medium, due to acoustic waves. The second part deals with the influence of acoustic streaming on species separation of a binary mixture in a shallow cavity cell subjected to temperature gradient and under microgravity. The unicellular flow inducted by the streaming may lead to significant species separation. Analytical results are corroborated by direct numerical simulations. Then, a linear stability analysis of the unicellular flow is performed
Morscheidt, Willy. "Modélisation d'un réacteur RF à couplage capacitif en mélange Ar-O2 dans les conditions utilisées pour le procédé de dépôt par voie plasma d'oxyde d'étain." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066266.
Full textZhang, Fan. "Intensification du procédé antisolvant supercritique (SAS) par l'usage de microréacteur sous pression." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0269.
Full textIn the context of this thesis, we propose to study the thermo-hydrodynamic behavior of a mixture, a solvent and a supercritical antisolvent (CO2) in a microfluidic chip, for conditions used in the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) process. This work is based on a complementary approach of both experiments and simulations through the use of advanced research techniques, such as the in situ characterization inside the microfluidic reactor (Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry) and the High Performance Computing. The objective of the thesis is to determine the favorable conditions for a "very good" mixture (total and fast) of species in terms of velocity, temperature, pressure and injector "design". The simulations are performed with the massively parallel code Notus. After the first chapter detailing the state of the art on the supercritical antisolvent processes, then the second concerning the applied methodologies (numerical model, microfluidic tools), we first compare the results of the numerical simulations to the experimental data obtained by micro-PIV in laminar flow conditions. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiments. After the validation of the numerical code, we propose to use the numerical tool to determine the optimal operating conditions of mixing. For this, simulations of the mixture of two fluids (typically CO2 and ethanol) are performed for different operating conditions (velocity, temperature, pressure) for laminar conditions but also for turbulent conditions, a regime rarely reached in microreactors. Indeed, we have shown experimentally that the turbulent mixing could be reached in the microchannel thanks to the "high pressure microfluidic" technology developed in the laboratory. The study of the mixing quality is based on two criteria commonly used in the literature. The first is the segregation intensity based on the variance of the ethanol concentration. This can be estimated for all simulation cases, from laminar to turbulent mixing. The second criterion is the micromixing time related to the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate directly estimated from the local velocity fluctuations in turbulent flow conditions. One of the major interests of the use of microfluidic reactors lies especially in its small scales of time and space. From a numerical point of view, such scales allow, within reasonable CPU time, to perform direct numerical simulations (DNS), i.e., in which the grid size is smaller or very close to the Kolmogorov scale. This is of primary interest because we are able to capture the smallest scales of the mixture including the micromixing. Thus, the simulation results allow us to propose a reliable analysis of the mixture from both qualitative and quantitative point of view, proving that the mixing conditions in this type of device are particularly favorable for the material synthesis by supercritical antisolvent. After determining the optimal mixing conditions, we propose in a final part to simulate the synthesis of organic nanoparticles in such devices. The numerical approach is based on the coupling between the CFD code and a population balance equation to take into account the nucleation and growth of particles. The simulation results are also in a good agreement with the experimental measurements performed in the laboratory
Tchangnwa, Nya Fridolin. "Transition fluide-verre et verres multiples dans les suspensions colloïdales par la théorie du couplage de mode : rôle de la structure statique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1161.
Full textThe mode coupling theory (MCT) is one of the most widely used methods for studying the glass transition in classical fluids. Its predictions are usually in semi-quantitative agreement with simulation. Its implementation requires the determination of the static structure usually from the Ornstein-Zernike equations with a suitable closure. Starting from closures that use bridge functions deduced from the hard-sphere reference functional, our work consisted first in studying the influence of the quality of this static structure on the predictions concerning the non-ergodic states in asymmetric binary mixtures. We next considered the results of the mode coupling theory in its naive and full versions, in order to analyze the arrest mechanisms and compare them to the effective fluid and the stochastic approaches (generalized Langevin equations). Finally, we propose a pragmatic version of this method that provides predictions in better quantitative agreement with simulations for a variety of interaction potentials
Py, Charlotte. "Couplage entre la dynamique du vent et le mouvement d'un couvert végétal." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011511.
Full textentre la dynamique du vent et l'ondulation des cultures sous le vent.
Une technique expérimentale innovante a été développée pour mesurer, sur site et de manière non-intrusive, le mouvement global d'une culture. Le mouvement d'un champ de blé ou de luzerne est filmé en présence de vent. Puis, par une analyse de corrélation entre images, fondée sur des algorithmes de PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry), on en déduit le champ de vitesse bi-dimensionnel spatio-temporel de la surface du couvert végétal. La partie cohérente du mouvement est ensuite extraite à l'aide d'une décomposition bi-orthogonale du champ de vitesse. On montre que les propriétés spatiales et temporelles correspondantes ne peuvent s'expliquer à l'aide du modèle de la couche de mélange du vent, qui constitue l'approche la plus courante dans ce contexte. En particulier, on démontre le rôle de la dynamique des plantes, à travers leur fréquence propre, dans la sélection de fréquence et de longueur d'onde du mouvement cohérent du couvert végétal.
Un modèle couplé, dans lequel les fluctuations du vent et le mouvement du couvert végétal interagissent à travers un terme de traînée est ensuite proposé. Une analyse de stabilité linéaire permet de mettre en évidence un mécanisme d'accrochage, par lequel la fréquence de l'instabilité dévie de la loi de Kelvin-Helmholtz et s'accroche sur la fréquence propre des plantes. Ce résultat est ensuite comparé avec les donnnées expérimentales des mesures sur site, et un bon accord qualitatif et quantitatif est obtenu avec le comportement des longueurs d'onde et fréquences de l'ondulation des cultures.
Ali, Samer. "Concept innovant d'échangeur/réacteur multifonctionnel par contrôle dynamique passif par générateurs de vorticité flexibles." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VALE0034/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to investigate the use of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) to improve heat transfer and mixing performances in multi-functional heat exchangers/reactors, and to evaluate configuration designs where the main target is to produce and maintain self-sustained oscillations of flexible vortex generators. At first, two dimensional laminar flow studies are numerically investigated. The results show that a minimum of three alternating flaps is needed to produce an instability that leads to large displacement oscillations. However, the introduction of two co-planar flaps upstream destabilizes the flow by creating periodic forces that act on the alternating downstream flaps. Hence, this results in artificially increasing the reduced velocity that will induce the alternating flaps to be in a lock-in state. Thus in this case, large displacement amplitudes are created with two alternating flaps only. The free flaps oscillations produce vortices of higher strength which have a positive impact on heat transfer and mixing. Secondly, a three dimensional HEV configuration with flexible trapezoidal vortex generators inclined with an angle of 45◦ with respect to the wall and reversed opposite to the flow direction is numerically investigated. Fast Fourier Transformation is applied on the temporal variation of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) coefficientswhich displays a dominant peak in the flow and corresponds to the vortices periodic formation and detachment. This dominant frequency synchronizes well with the structural oscillation frequency and the fundamental frequency of the tabs reaching a lock-in state and leading to large oscillation amplitudes
Bardintzeff, Jacques-Marie. "Les nuées ardentes : pétrogenèse et volcanologie." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112253.
Full textNuées ardentes are one of the most hazardous volcanic events. Three of these most recent volcanic events are studied. They were chosen in an active margin (Santiaguito, Guatemala), as well as in island arcs (St. Vincent Soufrière Volcano, West-Indies and Merapi, Java). Volcanic styles are different: St. Vincent Soufrière Volcano produces vertical nuées ardentes, Santiaguito low angle nuées ardentes, and Merapi collapse nuées ardentes. Their petrography and mineralogy are typical of andesitic trends. In addition, some nuées ardentes (St. Vincent) contain high pressure calk-alkaline paragenesis. Glasses are abundant in nuées deposits. Their chemical variations testify sometimes for magma-mixing. Two types of glass morphology can be distinguished (SEM) angular fragments are considered as old pulverized mesostases, and pumiceous glasses are considered as products of new magma. Grain sizes of nuée ardente deposits are specific and finer than collapse deposits. Five types of nuées ardentes are distinguished: 1. Collapse nuées ardentes: (1a) Merapi type, resulting of the explosion of a solid dame, and (1b) Arenal type resulting of the explosion of a dame with a liquid interior. 2. Explosion nuées ardentes: (2a) Santiaguito type: a small amount of new magma is produced and high explosiveness is essentially due to abundant volatiles in dacitic magmas, (2b) Pelée type, with law angle nuée related to a dome, and (2c) St. Vincent type with vertical nuée ardente ejected from an open crater. In the last type, large amounts·of basic new magma are produced. Several factors may play a role in the nuée ardente triggering tectonic control, cumulative and flotation processes of phenocrysts in magmatic chamber, breaking strength of the volcano-plug etc. Two of these factors play a more significant role high volatile contents (essentially water of deep or superficial origin), and magma-mixing. These two factors modify the thermodynamical conditions in the magmatic chamber and facilitate the magma vesiculations. Magma-mixing triggers (2b) and (2c) nuées types, and high fluid contents trigger (1a), (1b) and (2a) nuées types
Décamp, Sabine. "Etude en laboratoire d'un courant de gravité turbulent sur un talus continental." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011713.
Full textLa propagation de ces courants est fortement influencée par la rotation et le mélange turbulent avec le milieu ambiant, et sa dynamique est instable. Les interactions entre le courant et le milieu ambiant liées aux phénomènes d'entraînement et d'extraction de fluide, contrôlent la position de stabilisation du courant le long des côtes, sa densité et sa vitesse. Des lois d'échelle basées sur la conservation du flux de flottabilité sont proposées, décrivant l'évolution des principales caractéristiques de l'écoulement le long de la pente.
Elles montrent le caractère auto-similaire du courant de gravité. L'analyse des résultats expérimentaux permet de vérifier ces lois et d'étudier la structure turbulente de l'écoulement.
Des instabilités de plus grande échelle sont observées, générant des tourbillons cycloniques qui sont également visibles dans les écoulements océaniques. Leur étude permet de suggérer le mécanisme de leur formation. Les résultats expérimentaux sont comparés par similitude aux mesures in-situ du courant dense s'écoulant par le détroit du Danemark.
Brouzet, Christophe. "Internal wave attractors : from geometrical focusing to non-linear energy cascade and mixing." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN012/document.
Full textA question of paramount importance in the dynamics of oceans is related to the energy cascade from large to small scales and its contribution to mixing. Internal wave attractors may be one of the possible mechanisms responsible for such a cascade. In this manuscript, we study experimentally internal wave attractors in a trapezoidal test tank filled with linearly stratified fluid. In such a geometry, the waves can form closed loops called attractors. We show that the attractor formation is purely linear: small scales are thus created by wave focusing. The attractor characteristics are found to only depend on the trapezoidal geometry of the tank. At the ocean scale, we show that attractors are very likely to be unstable. Indeed, internal wave attractors are prone to a triadic resonance instability, which transfers energy from the attractor to a pair of secondary waves. This instability and its main characteristics are described as a function of the geometry of the basin. For long-term experiments, the instability produces several pairs of secondary waves, creating a cascade of triadic interactions and transferring energy from large-scale monochromatic input to multi-scale internal-wave motion. We reveal, for the first time, experimental convincing signatures of internal wave turbulence. Beyond this cascade, we have a mixing regime, which appears to be independent of the trapezoidal geometry and, thus, universal. This manuscript is completed by a study on added mass and wave damping coefficient of bodies oscillating horizontally in a stratified fluid, with applications to tidal conversion
Manuzzo, Roberto. "Magnetopause study by means of a multi-fluid approach." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS537.
Full textIn this thesis, new methods are presented which are able to obtain a "realistic" multi-fluid analysis of the Earth’s magnetopause. This goal is reached in three main steps. The analysis of spacecraft data acquired across the magnetopause is done by means of new techniques which relax most of the hypotheses usually assumed about the observed plasma structures. These techniques help in disentangling the principal causes of misunderstanding in data interpretations by discerning whether the observed variations are due to the magnetopause motion in the spacecraft frame or due to the purely temporal variations of the magnetopause structure. Optimization techniques help in determining automatically the parameters (thresholds) the methods are dependent by.The spatial profiles feed a new 3fluid analytical model (two ion and one electron populations) able to spatially confine the magnetospheric and magnetosheath plasmas in their own regions and letting them to partially overlap close to the contact boundary. This model helps also in determining the two ions contributions to the total ion population where this information is not accessible analyzing the distribution functions. The 3fluid equilibrium computed by the analytical model is then perturbed and evolved in time by means of a new 3fluid numerical code, explicitly coded to take the 3fluid model outputs as inputs. The numerical model of the magnetopause develops a magnetic reconnection instability, in agreement to what is observed close to the analyzed magnetopause crossing and leads to conclusions about the spatial distribution of the mixing processes
Kessy, Edgard. "Décomposition de domaine et calcul parallèle distribué : application à la mécanique des fluides." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES052.
Full textHallez, Yannick. "Mélange gravitationnel de fluides en géométrie confinée." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7616/1/hallez.pdf.
Full textBoutin, Guillaume. "Mélange et micro-mélange dans un réacteur à multiples jets cisaillés." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES033.
Full textGouillart, Emmanuelle. "Etude de l'advection chaotique dans des mélangeurs à tiges, en écoulements ouverts et fermés." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204109.
Full textBoutin, Guillaume. "Mélange et micro-mélange dans un réacteur à multiples jets cisaillés." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00582385.
Full textLafon, Philippe. "Mélange laminaire de fluides miscibles en cuve agitée : approche numérique." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT021G.
Full textH, L. Tran. "Simulation numérique de convection naturelle d'un mélange binaire : cas d'un panache d'hélium en cavité." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920867.
Full textGuilbert, Emilie. "Une réaction chimique pour le mélange." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0223.
Full textThis thesis tackles the problem of reactive mixing by taking advantage of a new chemical reaction between two transparent reactants producing a fluorescent product in water. The kinetic of this second order reaction can be adjusted by varying reactants concentration, temperature, pH and viscosity of the substrate. A stepwise approach based on a variety of experiments has been adopted: we start with the complete characterization of the chemical reaction, then we continue with the study of diffusion-reaction problems, and finally we investigated the interplay between diffusion,advection and reaction when the substrate is in motion
Ayadim, Abderrahime. "Structure et thermodynamique des suspensions colloïdales en phase volumique et confinée par la théorie des mélanges binaires." Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002513970204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe Ornstein-Zernike integral equations are used to study the structure and the thermodynamics of colloidal suspensions modelled as a highly asymmetric solute-solvent mixture. We propose a new closure to remedy the non-convergence problem of the RHNC closure. After having tested it on the radial distribution functions, we determine the fluid-fluid coexistence line of asymmetric binary hard spheres with diameter ration R=10. We thus confirm from the phase diagram the validity of the effective one-component approach. Then, we examine these sytems in inhomogeneous phase (colloids near a wall or in a slit pore) and include attractions between the various components. The RHNC closure is tested then at the level of the structure and the potential of mean force. The method is finally used to study solvation effects of confined colloids
Gamet, Lionel. "Simulations numériques d'écoulements compressibles : application à l'aéroacoustique des jets." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0014.
Full textEl, Omari Kamal. "Mélange et transferts thermiques en écoulements laminaires et leur modélisation." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00651878.
Full textZnaien, Jemil. "Étude locale du mélange induit par gravité de deux fluides dans la géométrie confinée d'un tube incliné." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525440.
Full textSadaoui, Redouane. "Agitation et mélange dans une turbosphère." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT045G.
Full textTuruban, Régis. "Études numérique et expérimentales du mélange en milieux poreux 2D et 3D." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S051/document.
Full textSolute mixing in porous media flows plays a central role in driving chemical reactions in a number of subsurface applications, including contaminant transport and remediation, subsurface energy storage and extraction, and CO2 sequestration. We study the mechanisms of solute mixing, in particular how the pore scale flow topology is related to the mixing dynamics of conservative solutes, with a particular emphasis on the possible emergence of chaotic mixing processes in three-dimensional (3D) porous media. To do so, we perform numerical computations or experimental measurements of the flow velocities and temporal evolution of the concentration fields, and characterize fluid deformation and mixing at the pore scale. This PhD work consists of three main studies. In the first study, we experimentally characterize mixing in a fluid flowing through a two-dimensional (2D) porous medium built by lithography. We measure the velocity distributions from Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV). The time evolution of the separation distance between two particles is analyzed to characterize the Lagrangian deformation dynamics. In parallel we perform conservative transport experiments with the same porous media, and quantify the temporal evolution of the mean concentration gradient, which is a measure of the mixing rate. From these experimental results we obtain the first experimental pore scale validation of the lamella mixing theory, which relates the fluid deformation properties to the mixing dynamics. In the second study, we investigate the conditions of emergence of chaotic mixing in the flow through 3D ordered granular porous media. In these periodic cubic crystalline packings (Simple Cubic - SC - and Body-Centered Cubic - BCC) of spheres, we are able to perform highly resolved computations of the 3D Stokes flow. Using custom-developed numerical tools to measure the Lagrangian deformation from the computed velocity fields, we uncover the existence of a rich array of Lagrangian deformation dynamics in these 3D media, depending on the flow orientation. When the flow direction is not normal to one of the reflection symmetry planes of the crystalline lattice, we find that the Lagrangian deformation dynamics follow an exponential law, which indicates chaotic advection. This chaotic behavior is controlled by a mechanism akin to the baker's transformation: fluid particles traveling around a solid grain along different paths end up either separated by, or on the same side of, a virtual surface projecting from the grain surface and called a manifold. Multiple such manifolds exist within the flow, and the way they intersect controls the nature of mixing (that is, either non-chaotic or chaotic), and the strength of chaos. We show in particular that the magnitude of the Lyapunov exponent (a measure of the vigor of chaos) is controlled by the spatial frequency of transverse connections between the manifolds (called heteroclinic intersections). We thus demonstrate that the conventional 2D picture of the mechanisms of mixing may not be adapted for natural porous media because that picture imposes topological constraints which cannot account for these important 3D mechanisms. The third study has two objectives: (i) provide experimental evidence of the chaotic nature of pore scale advection/mixing, both by visualizing the manifolds and by obtaining a quantitative estimate of the Lyapunov exponent; and (ii) assess if the results obtained numerically in ordered packings of spheres extend to random packings, which are closer to natural porous media. The experiment features a random packing of glass beads rendered transparent by optical index-matching between the fluid and solid grains. We use Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) to detect the manifolds, and PTV techniques to measure flow velocities and subsequently quantify Lyapunov exponent. The first experimental results are promising
Chupin, Laurent. "Contribution à l'étude des mélanges de fluides visco-élastiques." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12759.
Full textBlanchemain, Maud. "Hydrodynamique d'un procédé de mélange de fluides alimentaires chargés de particules macroscopiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL066N.
Full textThis work aims and optimising the incorporation process of a large fragile particle (strawberry) preparation into a white mass (yogurt) in terms of the mechanical damage suffered by the particles and of the mixture homogeneity. Model products for both particle preparation and white mass have been used in a pilot plant. The study has been focused on two key elements : the pumping of the particle preparation and the dynamic mixer. The methodology of experimental design has also been used. Image analysis was used for quantifying the mechanical damage to fragile particles, whereas electrical tomography, residence time distribution for particles via a magnetic technique and visual observations were used for evaluating the mixture homogeneity. Empirical models as well as specific recommendations have been proposed
BRAUD, Caroline. "Etude de la dynamique d'un écoulement à cisaillements croisés : interaction couche de mélange - sillage." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004751.
Full textMarikh, Khadija. "Mélange des poudres en continu : dynamique et modélisation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL093N.
Full textBarbier, Matthieu. "De l'impermanence des formes dans les fluides granulaires : croissance et relaxation dans les mélanges." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112309.
Full textThis work focuses on the dynamics of the fluid state of granular matter, and its response to a localized perturbation in two limiting cases : relaxation toward a homogeneous state or growth of a blast wave. This response is shaped by two distinctive features of granular media: their macroscopic constituent particles are both inelastic, entailing intrinsically non-equilibrium dynamics, and polydisperse or heterogeneous in their material properties. First, we isolate the effects of polydispersity in the return of a gas to its homogeneous asymptotic state, and evidence the existence of an optimal mixture for which the relaxation time is minimal. We then restrict the perturbation to accelerating a single species with an external field in order to study the induced non-equilibrium stationary state in the tracer limit, where other species are undisturbed by this process. Finally, we model the self-similar shock wave generated in such a dissipative bath by an intense yet localized release of energy, and contrast it with blast waves in molecular gases