Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mélange de polymères semi-conducteurs'
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Al, Yaman Yasmina. "Comprendre les mélanges de polymères pour leur utilisation comme conducteurs mixtes d'ions et d'électrons." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0431.
Full textOrganic Electrochemical devices are emerging as vital components in bioelectronics, particularly for applications requiring interfacing with biological systems, such as medical implants and wearable devices. A recurring challenge in the performance of these devices is the inefficient ion transport within the semiconducting polymers used, which limits their overall efficiency. To address this, we initially investigated newly synthesized hydrophilic polymers designed to enhance ion mobility. However, these materials exhibited poor solubility, leading to ineffective device performance. Consequently, we shifted our approach to polymer blending as a more practical solution. By blending the hydrophobic poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with hydrophilic polymers such as P3HT-b-PEO or polyethylene oxide (PEO), we enhanced ion mobility while maintaining the necessary electronic properties. These blends demonstrated clear transistor behavior, with P3HT-b-PEO acting as a compatibilizer, significantly improving stability comparedto PEO alone. Blends with higher molecular weight P3HT also exhibited greater stability and faster response times, likely due to increased polymer entanglement. When this blending strategy was applied to the more rigid polymer Poly[2,5-(2-octyldodecyl)-3,6-diketopyrrolopyrrole-alt-5,5-(2,5-di(thien-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene)] (PDPP2T-TT-OD), we observed similar improvements in device performance, although the polymer's rigid backbone limited compatibility. Overall, this research highlights the effectiveness of polymer blending in optimizing ion transport and stability in OECTs, paving the way for more efficient bio-interfacing electronic devices
Pillin, Isabelle. "Étude cinétique de la cristallisation du poly(butylène téréphtalate) dans différentes formulations : influence des additifs et des autres polymères." Lorient, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LORIS003.
Full textYu, Zhong-Zhen. "Procédé d'extrusion réactive appliqué à l'élaboration de mélanges de polymères et de nano-composites." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL018N.
Full textCassignol, Caroline. "Mélanges conducteurs époxyde/polypyrrole : élaboration et caractérisation." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30216.
Full textPayerne, Renaud. "Structure et propríétés électroniques à différentes échelles de systèmes modèles de polymères conducteurs et semi-conducteurs." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10188.
Full textThis report deals with a multi-scale study of structural and electronic properties of doped and non-doped p-conjugated systems. The first part is devoted to a comparative study of polyaniline and one model oligomer, the tetraniline, both of them being HCl-doped. It is mainly based on spin dynamics methods which allow one to probe the charge carrier (polarons) motion at a microscopic scale via their spin: 1/ NMR : measurement of the longitudinal nuclear relaxation time T1 as a function of frequency, 2/ ESR : measurement of the linewidth as a function of temperature and adsorbed oxygen amount. We have demonstrated the existence of a metallic behaviour of the microscopic conductivity in the polymer, which is not present in the tetramer. This result closes the debate about the origin of the ESR linebroadening observed in the polymer at high temperature. In addition, it appears that the microscopic conductivity is quasi-1d in both compounds, while considerably higher in the polymer. The second part deals with the self-organization of p-conjugated polymers, the regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophenes. Monolayers of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(3-dodecylthiophene) deposited on graphite (HOPG) have been studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). We have shown that the structuration at different scales (organized parts vs. Disordered parts, nanocrystal size, chain bending,. ) Depends on the deposit and post-deposit parameters. Finally, some electronic properties are deduced from 2d scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS) measurements performed on regioregular poly(3-dodecylthiophene)
Jouni, Mohammad. "Nouvelles architectures de nano-systèmes polymères conducteurs à base de mélanges de nanocharges conductrices." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0148/document.
Full textConductive polymer nanocomposites have been the object of intense researches and investigations recently. In fact, these materials have shown a great potential to be useful for many applications including different sectors. However, despite the promising results reported at the moment in this area, there is still a lack in the performance which can be improved by synchronization of their properties. In this PhD work, we present the preparation and full characterization of conductive polymer nanocomposites. Two kinds of conductive nanofillers (carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs)) have been dispersed either in a thermoplastic polymer (polyethylene PE), or in a thermoset matrix (epoxy amine). The conductive polymer nanocomposites obtained exhibit good electrical and/or thermal properties with conserving the mechanical properties ensured by low fillers fraction. The study was not only based on experimental characterizations but also on modulation to analyze the charge carrier transport at very low temperature in these systems to provide successful understanding to some basic properties which are still actually not fully investigated. Electrical properties are in good agreement with thermal properties. Electromagnetic shielding of our PE based nanocomposites have been studied by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)
Imbert, Béatrice. "Étude et applications de l'effet photoréfractif dans les semi-conducteurs GaAs." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112325.
Full textThe compound semiconductors such as GaAs are very suitable for photorefractive applications in the near infra-red spectral region. A spatially modulated light beam incident on such a photo-conducting material produces a spatial modulation of free charges which in turn generates a space-charge field in the volume of the material. Since these semiconductors are electro-optic, the space-charge field modifies the refractive index and gives rise to a phase grating. When a pump beam and a signal beam write a phase grating in a GaAs : Cr crystal, there is an exchange of energy between the beams and under optimal conditions of operation, the signal beam can be significantly amplified. The GaAs : Cr optical amplifier has found many applications, for example, coherent image amplification, self-oscillating cavities and phase conjugation with amplification
Barthet, Christelle. "Etude de mélanges de polymères conducteurs électroniques et ioniques comme matériaux d'électrode : synthèse chimique et caractérisation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10107.
Full textBelguise, Aude. "Morphologie de mélanges semi-cristallins PEKK/PEI et modélisation de leurs propriétés mécaniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS014.
Full textWe study the mechanical behavior of amorphous polymer chains in their glass transition by using experiments on amorphous and semi-crystalline materials and numerical approaches which take into account the dynamical disorder of these systems. First, we analyze the weakly non-linear mechanical behavior of an amorphous material, the PMMA. By comparing linear and non-linear responses, we show that the local acceleration law of relaxation times by the stress is not the same as the one measured at the macroscopic scale. This change is due to the dynamical disorder which is in the material near glass transition. With experimental measurements, we show that the macroscopic acceleration function follows a scaling law with new exponents which are described by our numerical simulations. We identify the local acceleration law in this system and deduce from it an estimation of the size of dynamical heterogeneities. Then, we study the mechanical behavior of crystallized PEKK/PEI blends in their glass transition. First, we characterize the dynamical properties of the polymer chains in both interlamellar and interfibrillar amorphous phases which are in the system. The dynamic of chains depends on two parameters, their confinement and the local composition in the amorphous phase. By analyzing DSC measurements, we quantitatively identify for each amorphous phase the composition distribution as well as the impact of confinement on the dynamic of chains. From this analysis, we identified the thickness of crystalline lamellae measured by SAXS. Then, we develop a muti-scales mechanical model which includes the dynamic of polymer chains in both amorphous phases and the micro-structure and location of amorphous phases. We show that connectivity of amorphous domains has a major impact on the mechanical behavior. We give some laws to estimate the impact of connectivity between lamellae in stacks and between the stacks on the mechanical behavior
Berrouard, Philippe. "Synthèse et caractérisation de polymères semi-conducteurs à base de 5-alkyl [3,4-c] thienopyrrole-4,6-dione." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25835.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the synthesis and characterization of 5-alkyl[3,4-c]thienopyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) based polymers. The focus of our work is the synthetic aspects surrounding the design of these polymers. First, we studied the direct heteroarylation polycondensation reaction (DHAP) between TPD and bithiophene monomers. The polymer obtained by DHAP was fully characterized and its properties were compared with those of a homologous polymer made by Stille coupling. Secondly, we developed a synthetic route leading to a key intermediate, which is the TPD molecule functionalized with one iodide. This intermediate can be used to synthesize new monomers and polymers in a simple and inexpensive way. Finally, by merging the concepts developed during our work on the DHAP and mono halogenated TPD, we further simplified the synthesis of certain TPD based monomers and polymers. We also designed new series of homopolymers and pseudohomopolymers TPD. These polymers have been characterized with correlation between structures and properties have been evaluated.
Sarrasin, Florian. "Étude de la perméabilité de polymères semi-cristallins en présence de mélanges de gaz." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10079/document.
Full textPolymer materials are used in numerous applications where the knowledge and the control of their transport properties are required. Concerning the flexible oil and gas pipes, the main function of polymer sheaths is to ensure the pipe leakproofness with respect to the external environment and also the conveyed fluids such as water, acid gases, crude oil. It is essential to have a deeper understanding of phenomena concerning the permeation of gases at very high pressures and temperatures through thermoplastic polymers, more especially in term of interactions between polymer chains and gases mixtures and particularly with hydrogen sulfide. Thanks to the utilisation of apparatus developed to study the permeability of polymers in presence of gas mixtures, in particular with small contents of hydrogen sulphide, we studied the influence of the gas mixture composition on the barrier properties of two kinds of PVDF used in applications such as sheath of flexible pipes. In a moderate pressure range, pressure effects of pure gases (CH4 and CO2), then coupling effects between the gases CH4, CO2 and H2S have been evidenced on the permeability, the diffusion and the solubility. Monte Carlo simulations in the osmotic ensemble have been performed. It allowed studying the solubility of gases in PE, in particular at high pressure. The results first confirm the experimental observations made at moderate pressure: sorption mode are Henry for CH4 and CO2 and Flory Huggins for H2S. It also allow to evidence effects of hydrostatic pressure which limit gas sorption and polymer swelling in the domain of very high pressure (up to 2000 bar), even in gas mixture condition. The effects evidenced in this study have been modelled via exponential laws. A simplified Flory Huggins type for the solubility, a Long type for the diffusion and an approach based on the works of Naito to take into account the hydrostatic pressure effects observed on the solubility
Leprêtre-Dropsit, Sophie. "Mise en oeuvre et propriétés des mélanges PET/polyoléfines en vue du recyclage d'emballages." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10140/document.
Full textPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyolefins (PE, PP ... ) are widely used for packaging applications (e.g., bottles) and generate a significant amount of waste. Recycling such thermoplastic materials avoiding costly sorting operations presents an economic and a scientific challenge because they are immiscible and semi-crystaIIine polymers. The aim of the study is to process binary (PET/PE, PET/PP) and temary (PET/PE/PP) blends, strongly unbalanced (0-90% by weight of PET), and compatibilized to maintain satisfactory mechanical performances in traction, impact and toughness. The recycled PET/polyolefins blends compatibilization by adding EGMA (ethylene copolymer-glycidyl methacrylate) leads to a decrease of polyolefins droplets size dispersed in the PET matrix, as weil as an improvement of interfacial conditions. The mechanical behavior (traction, impact and toughness) of blends tends to the ones of PET, when the average diameter of polyolefin inclusions is below a critical value of 3 µm. The study and modelisation of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of blends showed that EGMA and polyolefins play the role of a nucleating agent for the PET and accelerate the crystallization (without intluencing significantly the cristallinity rate). The mechanical properties of blends are more atfected by cristaIIization process modification than by morphological and interfacial changes
Lacroix, Carine. "Etude des mélanges de polymères semi-conducteur / ferroélectrique en films minces : application en électronique organique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0315/document.
Full textIn this thesis, the mesostructure and the electric/photoelectric behavior of ferroelectric/semi-conductor polymer blends in thin films have been studied for organic electronic applications. The semi-conductivity property of P3HT was associated with the ferroelectricity of P(VDF-TrFe) in one active layer. It has been observed that the intrinsic properties of both materials remained with the bi-continous morphology of these thin films. Memory devices were fabricated based on the 10 % P3HT – 90 % P(VDF-TrFe) active layer and the modulation of the injection properties by the ferroelectric field has been studied. We have also demonstrated that the P3HT/P(VDF-TrFe) thin films exhibit optoelectronic properties which depend on the polarization state of P(VDF-TrFe). The influence of the ferroelectric field on the photogeneration of charges of P3HT and the variation of the photocurrent with the polarization state of P(VDF-TrFe) were determined
Thiry, Xavier. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux polymères conducteurs protoniques pour membranes de pile à combustible." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI041/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the conception of proton conducting materials used as PEMFCmembrane. The proposed approach is quite new in this application field and is based on thedevelopment of semi-interpenetrating networks (semi-IPN). A linear conducting polymer(sulfonated PEEK) was combined with a crosslinked fluorinated network, a poly(aryl etherperfluorocyclobutane) (PFCB). These macromolecules are obtained by thermalcyclodimerization of bis and tris trifluorovinylether monomers (TFVE). Different series ofsemi-IPN were prepared by changing the PFCB nature, the crosslinking degree, the synthesisprocess and the proportion of the network added to the sPEEK. The overall results show aspecific semi-IPN composition for which the conductivity, the swelling and mechanicalstrength properties are optimal. A membrane with a proton conductivity of 155 mS.cm-1 and alimited water swelling (50 % lower than for a sPEEK membrane which exhibits a protonconductivity of 127 mS.cm-1) is obtained by adding 10 wt-% of fluorinated network. Inaddition, the incorporation of sulfonated TFVE monomers into the network PFCB has beenconsidered. A significant effort in organic chemistry enabled the synthesis of bis-TFVEmolecules containing protected sulfonated functions in a sulfonate ester form. Linearconducting PFCB polymers with a predeterminated IEC were obtained by directcopolycondensation of these monomers
Khelifi, Wissem. "Développement de polymères semi-conducteurs absorbant dans le proche infra-rouge pour des interfaces sans contact." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU3001.
Full textThis thesis work focuses on the development of conjugated polymeric materials which absorb in the near infrared. It is the result of the TAPIR project funded by the ANR in which we aim to develop human-machine interface (HMI) devices for applications in the health sector, in order to limit the spread of pathogens. Since HMIs are controlled by hand, without contact, thanks to the reflectivity of the skin (spectral range 850-950 nm), it is necessary to develop materials which ansorb in this range. In this project, our role was to synthesize the active part of the infrared photodetector used to retrieve the information. A bibliographical study and preliminary calculations have allowed a judicious selection of different monomers to ensure intrinsic stability and obtain the required absorption properties. Different donor monomers (D) and acceptors (A) were combined to synthesize alternating copolymers of types (D-A). Two families of copolymers which absorb in the near infrared have been synthesized. All copolymers have been synthesized via Stille polycondensation. Their optical, electronic and thermal properties have been studied. Subsequently, after confirming the predominant role of the strength of the accepting monomer, compared to that of the donor, on the absorption properties and electronic levels of the various copolymers obtained, we developed an original approach that has been reported very rarely in the literature. It consists of the production of copolymers of the type (A-A). Thus, we have synthesized six copolymers which absorb in the desired wavelength range, and even beyond. Finally, some copolymers have been characterized as OFET devices and photodetectors
Biniek, Laure. "Polymères semi-conducteurs à faible largeur de bande interdite : de la synthèse au dispositif photovoltaïque organique." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/BINIEK_Laure_2010.pdf.
Full textIn the field of organic photovoltaic, conjugated electron donor polymers with improved optoelectronic properties are highly needed. Therefore, that research work is focused on the design and investigation of a new family of donor-acceptor alternating low band-gap copolymers, using 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole as electron-deficient unit, and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and alkylthiophenes moieties as electron-rich units. By the inclusion of fused thiophene rings we intend to enhance the hole carrier properties. Various alkyl side-chains are introduced onto different positions along the conjugated backbone in order to reach efficient solubility in common organic solvents and simultaneously allow investigations of structure/properties relationships. We have also studied the effect of conjugation length and planarity on the optoelectronic properties. In the first section we discuss the synthesis methods of the monomers which involve several organic and organometallic reactions. Then, the copolymers have been synthesized by Stille or Suzuki cross coupling polycondensation. In the second part, special focus is devoted on how modifications in the conjugated backbone length and conformation (side chains length and positioning, coplanar units) are affecting the related material properties (electrochemical, UV-vis absorption, microstructure and charge carrier mobility). Finally, we have elaborated bulk heterojunction solar cells based on copolymer:C60-PCBM blend and correlated the OPV device performances with the optoelectronic properties of the polymers
Diebold, Morgane. "Systèmes composites organogélateurs/polymères semi-conducteurs : de la preuve conceptuelle aux matériaux nanostructurés pour l'électronique plastique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE002.
Full textImproving the performances of organic photovoltaic devices requires morphology control of the active layers. Highly nanostructured donor-acceptor bulk heterojunctions were prepared by heterogeneous nucleation of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT, donor) on naphthalene diimide organogelators fibers (NDI, acceptor). The first part of this work was dedicated to the self-assembly of NDI-core organogelators substituted by amide groups and trialkoxyphenyls dendrons. We evaluated the influence of the flexible chain between the naphthalene core and the amide groups (2 C-C bonds for NDI2 and 4 for NDI4) on the physico-chemical properties of the organogelators.The second part of this work focused on the polymorphism of NDI2 with identification of four different polymorphs with their optical, spectroscopic and structural signatures. A phase diagram of NDI2 in the solid state was determined. The last part of this manuscript concerns the fabrication of donor-acceptor nano-composites between NDI organogelators and P3HT. The formation process in solution of these nano-composites was analyzed by following the crystallization kinetics of P3HT by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and the thin film morphology (shish-kebab structures) by transmission electron microscopy. The nucleating effect of various organogelators on P3HT was demonstrated. Solar cells were made from the composites P3HT:PCBM : organogelator and their energetic conversion yield was shown to be increased in the presence of organogelators
Olla, Théodore. "Ingénierie moléculaire de polymères semi-conducteurs halogénés : influence de la nature et de la position des halogènes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAE018.
Full textIn the last few years, fluorination has emerged as an important molecular engineering tool in the semiconducting polymers field. Indeed, it allows optimising their electron configuration, geometry and morphology. More recently, similar results were achieved from chlorinated polymers. We decided to study the reasons for this success. We synthesised some regioselectively fluorinated and chlorinated monomers that we coupled to obtain copolymers series, varying only with the nature and the position of the halogens. Their properties were compared by using different methods of physical and physico-chemical analysis, including an innovative procedure for the study of the molecular structures by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. We confirmed hence the negative effect of the chlorine atom steric hindrance on the conjugated polymers self-assembling properties, its positive influence on their frontier orbitals energy levels, and we investigated the role of the supramolecular interactions involving halogen atoms in the macromolecule conformations stabilisation. We also identified a range of copolymers that might find its application as n-type materials in organic photovoltaics
Ismaili, Jihane. "Synthèse de nouveaux polymères pour l’élaboration d’un papier semi-conducteur." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0097/document.
Full textThe use of organic semiconductors in electronic devices offers interesting prospects. Indeed, they make it possible to lighten the weight of these devices in addition to greatly reducing the cost of their manufacture. However, one of the main problems associated with these organic semiconductors is their manufacturing process, which requires toxic organic solvents and multiple synthesis steps. In this work, a new environmentally friendly synthesis process has been developed. A single step was necessary for the preparation of the semiconductors, using the polycondensation reaction between a diamine and a dialdehyde.This reaction was carried out at room temperature in ethanol, a green solvent and without the use of catalysts, thus minimizing energy consumption and using a reaction medium from a renewable and low-toxicity source. After their doping, these polymers exhibited conduction properties comparable to those observed for conventional organic semiconductors.The second part of this thesis was devoted to the study of the use of paper as a support for organic electronics devices; hus avoiding the use of generally non-biodegradable and/or non-renewable substrates (plastic or glass). Two strategies have been used to this end. The first consisted of a direct deposit of the semiconducting polymers to the surface of cellulose filaments.The second is based on the creation of a covalent bond between the semiconductors and the Kraft pulp, using the copper-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc)
De, Girolamo Julia. "Architectures hybrides auto-assemblées à base de systèmes polyconjugués et de nanocristaux de semi-conducteurs pour le photovoltaïque plastique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10220.
Full textThis work is devoted to the elaboration of self-assembled hybrid materials based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and CdSe nanocrystals for photovoltaic applications. For that, complementary molecular recognition units were introduced as side chain groups on the polymer and at the nanocrystals’ surface. Diaminopyrimidine groups were introduced by post-functionalization of a precursor copolymer, namely poly(3-hexylthiophène-co-3-bromohexylthio-phène) whereas thymine groups were introduced at the nanocrystals’ surface by a ligand exchange reaction with 1-(6-mercaptohexyl)thymine. However, due to their different solubility, the mixing of the two components by solution processes is difficult. A “one-pot” procedure was developed, but this method led to insoluble aggregates without control of the hybrid composition. To overcome the solubility problem, the layer-by-layer method was used to prepare the films. This method allows a precise control of the deposition process. Experimental parameters were tested in order to evaluate their impact on the resulting film. The films morphology was investigated by microscopy and X-Ray diffraction techniques. These analyses reveal an interpenetrated structure of nanocrystals within the polymer matrix rather than a multilayered structure. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies were performed on the hybrid material deposited by the LBL process. Finally the materials were tested in a solar cell configuration and the I=f(V) curves reveals a clear photovoltaic behaviour
Jaballah, Najmeddine. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés opto-électroniques de nouveaux polymères semi-conducteurs à chromophores séparés de type para-phénylènevinylène." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077222.
Full textNew conjugated polymers containing separated para-phenylenevinylene-type chromophores have been synthesized via Wittig and Knoevenagel polycondensations using bisphenols-derived monomers. The structures of polymers were confirmed by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies and their average molecular weights were determined by SEC and NMR ¹H. Thèse macromolecular materials are fully soluble in chloroform and exhibit a good thermal stability. The optical properties of the photoluminescents polymers were investigated in dilute solution and as thin films, and some structure-properties correlations have been established, mainly concerning the effects of spacer group nature, of side-chain structure and incorporation of cyano groups. HOMO and LUMO energy levels were estimated by cyclic voltametry and showed a p-type semi-conducting character for ail polymers. Single-layer diodes, based on these polymers as electro-active materials, bas been fabricated and showed relatively low turn-on voltages. As first application, two multi-layer electroluminescent diodes were elaborate and a green-light emission was obtained
Couderc, Elsa. "Transport de charge dans des matériaux hybrides composés de polymères π -conjugués et de nanocristaux de semi-conducteurs." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716390.
Full textBillard, Philippe. "Mise au point et études structures-propriétés de matériaux polymères semi-interpénétrés pour la séparation de mélanges organiques par pervaporation : application aux cas des mélanges aromatique-alcane et alcool-éther." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL015N.
Full textWare, Cédric. "Récupération d'horloge par boucle à verrouillage de phase utilisant le mélange à quatre ondes dans un amplificateur optique à semi-conducteurs." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005767.
Full textAprès une mise en contexte et quelques généralités sur le principe de fonctionnement desdits boucles de phase et amplificateurs optiques, nous présentons deux systèmes de récupération d'horloge utilisant le mélange à quatre ondes dans ces derniers. Cet effet non-linéaire est observé et étudié, ainsi que les dispositifs de récupération d'horloge, dont le fonctionnement est démontré expérimentalement sur des signaux optiques de type RZ et NRZ à 10 Gbps. Des mesures de taux d'erreurs montrent une pénalité négligeable ; on obtient une bande d'accrochage de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de kilohertz, et une gigue de l'ordre de la picoseconde.
Bien que ce débit ne soit plus très impressionnant de nos jours, ces schémas, reposant sur des effets non-linéaires ultrarapides, peuvent être étendus à une utilisation à des débits beaucoup plus élevés (de l'ordre de plusieurs centaines de gigabits par seconde voire au-delà) et à la récupération d'horloge fractionnelle, pour des applications de démultiplexage temporel. Les expériences correspondantes restent à effectuer, ainsi que l'utilisation de composants non-linéaires à faible bruit tels que les fibres optiques microstructurées et le niobate de lithium périodiquement orienté.
Souissi, Mohamed Ali. "Développement et caractérisation de matériaux électriquement conducteurs à base de mélanges polymères pour plaques bipolaires de piles à combustible de type PEMFC." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28082/28082.pdf.
Full textLeprêtre-Dropsit, Sophie. "Mise en oeuvre et propriétés des mélanges PET/polyoléfines en vue du recyclage d'emballages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10140.
Full textPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyolefins (PE, PP ... ) are widely used for packaging applications (e.g., bottles) and generate a significant amount of waste. Recycling such thermoplastic materials avoiding costly sorting operations presents an economic and a scientific challenge because they are immiscible and semi-crystaIIine polymers. The aim of the study is to process binary (PET/PE, PET/PP) and temary (PET/PE/PP) blends, strongly unbalanced (0-90% by weight of PET), and compatibilized to maintain satisfactory mechanical performances in traction, impact and toughness. The recycled PET/polyolefins blends compatibilization by adding EGMA (ethylene copolymer-glycidyl methacrylate) leads to a decrease of polyolefins droplets size dispersed in the PET matrix, as weil as an improvement of interfacial conditions. The mechanical behavior (traction, impact and toughness) of blends tends to the ones of PET, when the average diameter of polyolefin inclusions is below a critical value of 3 µm. The study and modelisation of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of blends showed that EGMA and polyolefins play the role of a nucleating agent for the PET and accelerate the crystallization (without intluencing significantly the cristallinity rate). The mechanical properties of blends are more atfected by cristaIIization process modification than by morphological and interfacial changes
Bulut, Ibrahim. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux semi-conducteurs pour la conversion photovoltaïque." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE005/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to develop efficient semi-conducting organic materials for organic photovoltaics. This work is focuses on the optimization of electron-donor organic semiconductors for the preparation of bulk heterojunction devices, in blend with a fullerene derivative used as electron-acceptor material. More specifically, it is to perform a systematic optimization study of two reference families (macromolecular and molecular respectively) from the laboratory, which have already led to interesting photovoltaic performances. For this, we followed a structured and systematic approach targeting the most relevant chemical parameters to be varied. To determine the properties of new materials synthesized, spectroscopic, electrochemical, structural, charge transport and photovoltaic characterizations were systematically made
Ismailova, Esma. "Procédés lithographiques pour les technologies des semi-conducteurs inférieures à 90nm : de la synthèse à l’étude des mécanismes physicochimiques induisant la rugosité des motifs." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/ISMAILOVA_Esma_2009.pdf.
Full textNowadays, the increasing performance of the integrated circuits is produced by the constant reduction of their dimensions. The "International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors" is introduced in 2001 the "Line Edge Roughness" parameter depending on the miniaturization of the next generations components in the microelectronic industry. This patterns roughness appeared in microlithographic processes using a photosensitive resist and subsequent by transferring to the manufacturing of the transistor, their performance is decreasing. The objective of this work is to study the physical chemical mechanisms, inducing the LER, and optimize the synthesis and formulation of the photosensitive resists in order to reach acceptable values for this new parameter. In order to identify and unveil the impact of the physical chemical mechanisms on the LER, we studied in parallel, commercial positive resists, and at the same time we synthesized new polymers, having various chemical compositions, molecular weights, polydispersity indexes and polymer architectures. We have used them to formulate model photosensitive resists and defined the values of LER. According to our work, we identified the impact of the polymer molecular weight and the polydispersity on the lithographic performances. The low molecular weight and intermediate polydispersity of linear polymers showed a similar LER compared to the commercial photoresists. Finally, we have proposed a new approach to reduce the roughness of the patterns by using hyperbranched and photocleavables macromolecular architectures showing a good lithographic sensitivity and capability to 100 nm patterning
Thouras, Jordan. "Amélioration des performances électriques d’un module de mélange optoélectronique privilégiant des dispositifs à semi-conducteurs : Applications dans les charges utiles de satellites." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0127/document.
Full textNowadays, Satellite telecommunications are becoming very popular and the number of subscribers worldwide is always growing. Wherever the optical fiber cannot be deployed, they are a reliable way to provide very high data rates to the users, whose activities are becoming more and more bandwidth-hungry (HD video, video conferencing, downloading, cloud computing, online games ...). They also guarantee very large coverage areas. In order to follow the market needs satellite payload designers have to increase the number of on-board equipment, which affects the volume and mass of the systems and therefore the launching cost. One of the solutions to solve the problem consists in using optical technologies. It has been demonstrated by Thales Alenia Space that In the case of a reference signal distribution system for 64 devices, a weight reduction of about 70% could be obtained. In this context we have developed 7 RF frequencydown-converters based on photonic semiconductor components. The down-converters are key components of satellite payloads, as their aim is to isolate uplink transmissions (ground to satellite) and downlink (satellite to ground) to avoid interference. Performance of the 7 architectures, incorporating electro-absorption modulators (EAM) and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) were evaluated through various simulations and by calculating the conversion gain, noise figure, RF/IF and LO/IF isolations, the C/I3 ratio and the coordinates of the third order intercept point. We obtained interesting results, first data for futur works,and showed that these converters are compatible with many frequency plans in Ku/Ku, ku+/Ku, and Ka/Ka bands. Manipulations were also led and validated the theoretical models used in simulations
Mora, Henri. "Synthèse et étude de nouveaux polymères porteurs d'unités TTF utilisables dans les domaines de la microlithographie et des semi-conducteurs." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20253.
Full textBoudreault, Pierre-Luc. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux semi-conducteurs organiques à base de carbazole et d'indolo[3,2-b]carbazole." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22285.
Full textDegbia, Wangata Saint-Martial. "Semi-conducteurs organiques [pi]-conjugués pour l'élaboration de dispositifs photovoltaïques hybrides solides à colorant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4044.
Full textThe aim ot this work has been to prepare new hole transporting molecular glasses based on carbazole moieties as an alternative to spiro-OMeTAD (standard material) in solid state dye sentitized solar cells (ssDSSC). We have synthesized several 3, 6, 9 substituted carbazole derivatives and have established their physical and chemical properties prior using them in photovoltaic devices. We have demonstrated the interest of grafting functional groups as bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amines on 3, 6 positions and aryl substitutes on the 9 position of carbazole to obtain efficient materials. Finally, this latter chemical structure has been used as a building block to develop an innovative concept of synthesis of carbazole based materials, smoothing the way to easy synthesis of a wide family of efficient molecular glasses for ssDSSC. Our best materials exhibit similar power conversion efficiency compare to the standard spiro-OMeTAD. According to these preliminary results, we expect reaching power conversion efficiencies over 15% with our carbazole based hole transporting materials associated with peroskite sensitizer
Fall, Sadiara. "Etude du transport de charges dans les polymères semi-conducteurs à faible bande interdite et de son impact sur les performances photovoltaïques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975750.
Full textHe, Yinghui. "Novel N-type Π-conjugated Polymers for all-polymer solar cells." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0651/document.
Full textOrganic solar cells (OSCs) appear as a promising technology for renewable energy owing to their light weight, great flexibility and low-cost fabrication process. So far most of the OPV shave been using fullerene derivatives, such as PCBM or PC71BM, as the electron acceptor in the active layer, which have been proven to a bottleneck for this technology. Therefore,developing non-fullerene acceptors has become the new driving force for this field. All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) that have the advantages of robustness, stability and tunability have already achieved PCE up to 9%. Thus, developing novel acceptor materials is imperative for improving the performance of all-PSCs
Degbia, Wangata Saint-Martial. "Semi-conducteurs organiques [pi]-conjugués pour l'élaboration de dispositifs photovoltaïques hybrides solides à colorant." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4044/document.
Full textThe aim ot this work has been to prepare new hole transporting molecular glasses based on carbazole moieties as an alternative to spiro-OMeTAD (standard material) in solid state dye sentitized solar cells (ssDSSC). We have synthesized several 3, 6, 9 substituted carbazole derivatives and have established their physical and chemical properties prior using them in photovoltaic devices. We have demonstrated the interest of grafting functional groups as bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amines on 3, 6 positions and aryl substitutes on the 9 position of carbazole to obtain efficient materials. Finally, this latter chemical structure has been used as a building block to develop an innovative concept of synthesis of carbazole based materials, smoothing the way to easy synthesis of a wide family of efficient molecular glasses for ssDSSC. Our best materials exhibit similar power conversion efficiency compare to the standard spiro-OMeTAD. According to these preliminary results, we expect reaching power conversion efficiencies over 15% with our carbazole based hole transporting materials associated with peroskite sensitizer
Sergent, Alessandra. "Métallopolymères des éléments f : nouveaux matériaux hybrides semi-conducteurs phosphorescents pour les diodes électroluminescentes organiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840219.
Full textCouderc, Elsa. "Transport de charges dans des couches minces hybrides à base de polymère conjugué et de nanocristaux de semi-conducteurs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENY068/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is the study of photogenerated charge transport in hybrid films composed of π-conjugated polymers and of semiconductor nanocrystals, designed for applications in optoelectronics. Chemical synthesis provides gram-scale samples of CdSe nanocrystals, of low polydispersity and con- trolled shapes (spherical, branched). In order to enhance their conductivity, the surface ligands of CdSe nanocrystals (stearic acid, oleylamine) are exchanged by smaller molecules, namely pyridine, ethanedithiol, phenylenediamine, butylamine and benzenedithiol. Optical and electrochemical studies show that the lig- and exchange modifies the nanocrystals' energy levels. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films exhibit varying degrees of energetical disorder and of intermolecular coupling, depending on the processing method and on the solvent used. In hybrid films, the crystallinity of P3HT, probed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, is modified by the presence of nanocrystals. Time-of-Flight measurements of hybrid films show that elec- tron and hole mobilities vary with the content of nanocrystals, with their shape, and with their ligands. Small volume fractions of nanocrystals enhance the hole mobility, and large fractions degrade it. Electron mobilities are percolation-limited: they reach a stable value for a threshold fraction of nanocrystals. The optimal fraction of nanocrystals for electron and hole mobilities is 36 vol% in hybrids made of spherical nanocrystals with their synthesis synthesis ligands. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations of photogenerated current transients in pristine poly(3-hexylthiophene) and in a hybrid sample show on one hand that the energy distribution of poly(3-hexylthiophene) rules the shape of the simulated transients, and on the other hand that nanocrystals can be described as little accessible sites of the hopping lattice
Rannou, Patrice. "Architectures (Macro)Moléculaires Pi-Conjuguées à Base d'Aniline: De la Mauvéine aux Matériaux (Semi-)Conducteurs pour l'(Opto)Electronique Organique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00916481.
Full textKhaleghi, Hamidreza. "Influence des amplificateurs optiques à semi-conducteurs (SOA) sur la transmission cohérente de signaux optiques à format de modulation multi-porteuses (CO-OFDM)." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829663.
Full textVongsaysy, Uyxing. "Studies on processing additives introduced to increase the efficiency of organic solar cells : selection and mechanistic effects." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0230/document.
Full textPolymeric bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted significant interest as a low cost and renewable technology to harvest solar energy. However, their generally low efficiencies are a barrier for their movement into commercial application. Controlling the BHJ morphology is a key step in the pursuit of higher OSC efficiencies. Processing additives have emerged as effective components for optimizing the BHJ morphology. This thesis provides a comprehensive study on the introduction of additives in the formulation of semiconductors. The semiconductor system studied is based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61 BM). First, a method was developed to guide the selection of additives from a large range of solvents. This method employs the Hansen solubility parameters of the semiconductors and was successfully applied to the P3HT/PC61 BMsystem. It resulted in the identification of three new efficient additives. Next, the mechanistic role of additives in influencing the BHJ morphology is investigated by performing structural, electrical and optical characterizations. Also, the effect of additives on OSC performance was found to depend on the type of the OSC architecture. Such differences were correlated to the variations in charge carrier mobilities caused by the additive. Furthermore, photo-stability tests, performed on different types of OSCs, showed that processing additives can improve the photo-stability. The origin of such improvement is investigated. Finally, the scope of this study is extended to two other donor semiconducting polymers
Pranaitis, Mindaugas. "Etudes de transport de charges, piégeage et non linéarités optiques dans des polymères prometteurs pour des applications en optoélectronique." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993889.
Full textJeon, Taewoo. "Cellules solaires hybrides à base de polymères et de nanofils de silicium fabriqués par dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00917826.
Full textMaillaud, Laurent. "Formulation d'encres conductrices à base de nanotubes de carbone pour le développement d'électrodes transparentes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939861.
Full textGodard, Antoine. "STABILISATION D'UNE DIODE LASER ACCORDABLE PAR FILTRAGE AUTO-ORGANISABLE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00222084.
Full textTout d'abord, nous étudions les conditions requises pour garantir une oscillation monomode stable en absence de cristal. Les processus non-linéaires induisant des mélanges d'ondes (hole bur-ning spectral, échauffement des porteurs et pulsations de la densité de porteurs) et donc des coupla-ges entre modes sont étudiés et pris en compte pour modéliser les conditions de sauts de modes.
Ensuite, nous modélisons le filtre photoréfractif. Son principe de fonctionnement est le sui-vant : la figure d'onde stationnaire du mode est reproduite dans le volume du cristal sous la forme d'une modulation d'indice qui correspond donc à un réseau de Bragg et agit comme un filtre spec-tral. Une stabilisation du mode oscillant est obtenue grâce à l'effet combiné de ce filtre adaptatif et du filtrage passif de la cavité étendue (réseau monté en configuration Littman).
Puis, nous présentons les améliorations apportées par cette technique de filtrage auto-organisable. Expérimentalement, nous démontrons que, grâce une prévention efficace des sauts de modes et des fonctionnements multimodes, une oscillation monomode stable peut être maintenue pour des puissances supérieures à celles atteignables en absence de cristal. Enfin, nous confrontons les mesures aux modélisations de la cavité auto-organisable où les phénomènes de couplage de mo-des et le filtre photoréfractif sont pris en compte simultanément.
Maillaud, Laurent. "Formulation d’encres conductrices à base de nanotubes de carbone pour le développement d’électrodes transparentes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14904/document.
Full textThis thesis reports the study of the properties of transparent conductive films obtained from carbon nanotube dispersions. The dispersion formulation is a key step in order to obtain uniform films with good opto-electrical properties. In particular, the formation of attractive interactions between dissolved carbon nanotubes allows the modification of the rheological behavior of the dispersions and the improvement of their deposition in thin layer by coating. Also, the influence of the interactions on the carbon nanotube network morphology is presented. The structural changes of the networks are then related to both electrical properties and thickness of the films. Finally, the use of semiconducting polymers was analyzed in order to improve the fabrication and the properties of transparent conductive films
Hajlaoui, Riadh. "Effet de la structure sur les propriétés électriques et optiques d'oligomères conjugués semi-conducteurs. Application à la réalisation de transistors à effet de champ et de diode électroluminescentes." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES005.
Full textHalawani, Nour. "Innovative materials for packaging." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI010/document.
Full textThis work deals with the study of thermoset-thermoplastic blend (epoxy-amine/poly-etherimide phase separated) to assess the electrical and thermal performances. These materials would be new candidates to replace the encapsulation layer in semiconductors, for example ones used as switches in power electronic applications. Polymers blends would be a novel candidate as an insulator for the system. Pure epoxy system as well as Epoxy/Polyetherimide blends where characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, dielectric analysis with analytical simulation, electrical conductivity and breakdown voltage measurements. These complementary techniques were used first to investigate the presence of the phase separation phenomenon and secondly to quantify the separated nodules size. The effect of this phase separation was examined and showed a decrease in the dielectric values of 15 % and an increase in the breakdown voltage compared to the pure epoxy system. It was finally simulated to show a close assumption of what is found experimentally
Nunes, Domschke Tamara. "P-doped semiconducting polymers : process optimization, characterization and investigation of air stability." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSES020.
Full textOrganic semiconductors (OSCs) are promising materials for low-cost, flexible, large-area production of printed electronic devices. In this context, molecular doping allows controlling the electrical properties of OSCs, offering a powerful tool to improve the performances of different electronic devices. Despite the progress in the fundamental understanding of the doping mechanism and processing techniques, stability aspects of p-doped OSCs have received little attention. Nevertheless, the stability of the p-doped state in the presence of oxygen and humidity is a crucial factor to be investigated for the integration of doped layers in organic devices.In this thesis, we have studied the molecular doping of disordered polymer semiconductors and the stability of the p-doped state in the presence of oxygen and water-related species. PBDTTT-c and RRa-P3HT were used as polymer hosts and F4TCNQ and Mo(tfd-COCF3)3 as p-dopants. The process conditions have been carefully studied to achieve controlled doping and to optimize the electrical properties. The impact of the dopant concentration was investigated in terms of electrical (conductivity), optical (UV-Vis-NIR) and structural (GIWAXS) properties of doped layers.The stability of the p-doped state was investigated by monitoring the evolution of the doping signatures under three different atmospheres: argon, anhydrous air, and ambient air. XPS analyses were carried out to investigate the impact of air exposure on the chemical state of p-doped layers. Simulations have been used to support our findings.Present results highlighted the presence of an important dedoping mechanism for p-doped semiconducting polymers in the presence of water-related species
Barichard, Anne. "Enregistrement et analyses physico-chimiques de réseaux dans des matériaux composites polymères-points quantiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28504/28504.pdf.
Full textBen, Dkhil Sadok. "Cellules solaires hybrides transparentes à base de nanofils de silicium et du poly(vinylcarbazole)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10130.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis focuses on the implementation and study of hybrid solar cells interpenetrating networks using silicon nanowires. Our studies have focused on the optimization of hybrid structures based PVK or MEH-PPV mixed in their volume with silicon nanowires phase, referring to structures PVK/NFSI and MEH-PPV/NFSI respectively. This study showed the close interdependence between morphology and properties of nanocomposites photovoltaic cells made. We studied the influence of the concentration of silicon nanowires on the dissociation process of photo-generated pairs. We also studied the effect of heat treatment and we have demonstrated a better load transfer in the case of structures PVK/NFSI. We also observed the beneficial effect of deoxidation treatment and functionalization of the nanowires on the improvement of charge transfer in the case of structures made. In conclusion, we have shown that the PV hybrid cell using silicon nanowires can be optimized through understanding and fine tuning of the charge transfer