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1
Zaku, Atkin. "The roles of Melanesians in the development of the Church in Melanesia 1925-1975." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2013. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/3f3b4df0a689dc5cf35ab66bb53e745d9274303f5b85cb001990664e72bcae07/2374678/ZAKU_ATKIN_2013.pdf.
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The Church of Melanesia has been independent for almost forty years and to date, no detailed examination of the roles of the Melanesians in the development of the church in Melanesia has been available. While most missionaries were aware of the importance of the roles of Melanesians, their writings did not focus on this reality. This research is therefore done to expose what seems to be a ‘silent’ subject. The research is historical, anthropological, sociological, and missiological/theological. It attempts to answer questions pertaining to the subject of this thesis by examining the people of Melanesia and their society in relation to God through their participation in the church. The initial primary goal of the Melanesian mission was the ‘development of the whole humanity’ embedded in the ethos of ‘true religion, sound learning and useful industry.’ The Melanesian undertakings through the Melanesian Brotherhood (MBH), education institutions, healthcare services, Taroniara industrial development and the local village communities were guided by these principles. Three common themes continue to re-emerge in this thesis. ..
2
Khosa, Raspal S. "The Bougainville secession crisis, 1964-1992 : Melanesians, missionaries, and mining /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ark45.pdf.
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Moore, Clive. "Kanaka a history of Melanesian Mackay /." Port Moresby : Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies and University of Papua New Guinea Press, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/17857721.html.
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Koro, Paul, and n/a. "The Papua New Guinea Senior Education Officers' views on Leadership: A Cross-Cultural Perspective." University of Canberra. Education, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050516.100024.
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This study examines senior education officers' (SEOs) perceptions of the
meanings and characteristics of the term 'leadership' both from their
traditional PNG and Western perspectives. Data were drawn from
questionnaires returned by 20 SEOs, 2 recorded interviews and a focus-group
methodology.
The purposes of the study are to: (i) define the meaning of leadership from
the senior education officers' perspectives and through the review of the
literature; and (ii) identify key characteristics and skills of the leadership role
of senior education officers in PNG today, as a basis for improving practice
and informing knowledge about leadership.
Respondents were asked to define the meaning of the term leadership, and to
describe their most memorable leadership experiences which may have
helped to shape their understanding of leadership. They were also asked to
identify and to list the key leadership functions, qualities and skills/abilities
which they perceive to be most important in their roles today, and for the
foreseeable future.
Literature on leadership is complex and wide ranging. Those which provided
data of particular significance in specific areas directly related to this study
include: Rost (1991) on the definitions of leadership; Kouzes and Posner (1993
and 1987) in relation to characteristics of leadership; on educational
leadership (Sergiovanni et al 1987, Turney et al 1992, and Fullan 1991 and
1992) in relation to the functions, qualities and related skills/abilities of
educational leaders; on culture and cross-cultural studies (Hallinger and
Leithwood 1996, Heck 1996, Bates 1992); and various ethnographic sources on
PNG and Melanesian traditional and contemporary leadership.
A number of significant findings have emerged through this research study.
The first, relates to a firm view of traditional PNG/Melanesian leadership as a
'shared leadership', defined in this study as a shared influence relationship
among members of a social unit through a mutual quest for their existence.
The notion of shared leadership emphasises the importance of reciprocal
generosity, cooperation and competition for Melanesians in their daily quest
for their needs and aspirations based on mutual concern, care and devotion
for one another. The great diversity of people and cultures of Melanesians
also enriches the view of 'leadership as cultural practice' (Gerstner and O'Day
1995, Heck 1996, Bates 1992) and the interplay of 'education as cultural
construction'. These insepearable concepts provide logical and promising
framework both towards transcending knowledge, cultures and poeple, and
an interest to engage in more cross-cultural research.
This study identifies among the most pressing problems of contemporary
leadership in PNG relates to the inability of leaders to transcend traditional
knowledge and customary practices with the new Western knowledge and
practices. In other words, the problems of transcending the notion of 'shared
leadership' with Western leadership characterised by public accountability,
credibility and integrity normally associated with leadership in public office
cannot easily be matched and transferred. This study suggests a 'transcendent
leadership model' as a potential solution toward achieving this end.
Extending beyond one's own limits, to do something extraordinary and
admirable for the common good is what transcendent leadership model
suggests every leader must be able to do. The foundations of transcendent
behaviour the literature suggests include: moral and ethical living (Starratt
1996); ambition, competence, and integrity (Bennis and Goldsmith 1994); and
honesty, forward-outlook and inspiration (Kouzes and Posner 1993).
The literature indicates that these qualities and skills require proper
'intellectual conditioning' (Ramoi 1987, Narakobi 1991), to produce 'educated
persons' (Starratt 1996) who are able to understand, appreciate, critique, and
participate in their cultures, traditions, and history.
This study therefore investigates and defines the meanings, roles and
functions of the concepts of leadership, culture and education in relation to
the cross-cultural conditions of the work of SEOs in PNG.
5
Bowser, Lauren K. "Convergent Evolution of Darkly Pigmented Skin in Island Melanesian Populations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1515508204175712.
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Daimoi, Joshua Kurung. "An exploratory missiological study of Melanesian ancestral heritage from an indigenous evangelical perspective." Phd thesis, Department of Studies in Religion, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6083.
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Pickles, Anthony J. "The pattern changes changes : gambling value in Highland Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3389.
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This thesis explores the part gambling plays in an urban setting in Highland Papua New Guinea. Gambling did not exist in (what is now) Goroka Town before European contact, nor Papua New Guinea more broadly, but when I conducted fieldwork in 2009-2010 it was an inescapable part of everyday life. One card game proliferated into a multitude of games for different situations and participants, and was supplemented with slot machines, sports betting, darts, and bingo and lottery games. One could well imagine gambling becoming popular in societies new to it, especially coming on the back of money, wage-work and towns. Yet the popularity of gambling in the region is surprising to social scientists because the peoples now so enamoured by gambling are famous for their love of competitively giving things away, not competing for them. Gambling spread while gifting remained a central part of the way people did transactions. This thesis resists juxtaposing gifting and selfish acquisition. It shows how their opposition is false; that gambling is instead a new analytic technique for manipulating the value of gifts and acquisitions alike, through the medium of money. Too often gambling takes a familiar form in analyses: as the sharp end of capitalism, or the benign, chance-led redistributor of wealth in egalitarian societies. The thesis builds an ethnographic understanding of gambling, and uses it to interrogate theories of gambling, money, and Melanesian anthropology. In so doing, the thesis speaks to a trend in Melanesian anthropology to debate whether monetisation and urbanisation has brought about a radical split in peoples' understandings of the world. Dealing with some of the most starkly ‘modern' material I find a process of inclusive indigenous materialism that consumes the old and the new alike, turning them into a model for action in a dynamic money-led world.
8
Schram, Ryan. "Feast of water Christianity and the economic transformation of a Melanesian society /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3369402.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 17, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 354-371).
9
Henson, Leslie 1949. "Neither too fitted nor foreign : the process of developing a model for doing contextual theology in Melanesia from within the evangelical-reformed tradition." Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7562.
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Hamilton, Steven G. "Melanesian Island Pteropodidae (Chiroptera) community niche partitioning conveyed in hair and tounge ecomorphology /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18340.pdf.
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Barker, John. "Maisin Christianity : an ethnography of the contemporary religion of a seaboard Melanesian people." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25550.
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This dissertation examines the ways in which a Papua New Guinean people, the Maisin of Collingwood Bay in Oro Province, have over the years responded to and appropriated a version of Christianity brought to them by Anglican missionaries. The Maisin treat Christianity not as a foreign imposition, but as an integral part of their total religious conceptions, activities and experiences.
Almost a century of documented Maisin history reveals a consistency related to what is here called a "social ideology": a complex formed by idioms of asymmetry between senior and junior kin and allies, equivalence in exchanges between a range of social categories of persons, and complementarity between the sexes. Extensions of the social ideology to the developments of the post-contact society are explored in the contexts of a growing dependence on money and commodities, unequal access to education and jobs, large-scale out-migration, the material requirements of the local church, and church regulations concerning social behaviour.
The social ideology is also extended to sorcerers, ancestral ghosts, bush spirits, and Christian divinities. The analysis shows that Maisin experience indigenous and Christian elements as realities that exist within a single religious field.
Working from the premise that religion is an aspect of the people's total experience and not a separate cultural institution or sub-system, the thesis explores the modes by which the Maisin create and discover coherence between the various elements within the religious field. The most important points and occasions of religious coherence are those in which the moral precepts of the social ideology are joined with conceptions of spiritual entities towards the explanation and resolution of problems. Three "religious precipitates", as these moments of coherence are termed, are analysed: the village church, healing practices, and death rites.
A major finding of this study is that Maisin articulate their assumptions about local sorcerers, ghosts, and spirits within idioms of conflict between kin and affinal groupings, but speak of God, Christ and the church as symbols of community solidarity. The village church is analysed as a point of convergence of the social ideology, economic aspirations, memories of past interactions with missionaries, and Christian teachings and forms. The primary religious importance of the church is as a condensed symbol of communitas that transcends the inherited divisions of the social order and the contradictions of present political and economic conditions.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
12
Grubb, Paula L. "Evolution of Malaria Resistance in Africa and Island Melanesia." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin147981895198126.
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Brunton, Ron. "The Abandoned narcotic : Kava and cultural instability in Melanesia /." Cambridge ; New York ; Melbourne : Cambridge university press, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb353464557.
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Clark, Nicholas Joshua. "The Distribution and Diversity of Avian Malaria Parasites in Australian and Southern Melanesian Birds." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366773.
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Parasites can influence evolutionary patterns in their hosts by generating a mosaic of selection pressures across populations. Variations in parasite prevalence and host-specificity can determine how parasites are distributed among hosts and, ultimately, how parasite interactions influence host biogeography. However, our understanding of how host-parasite interactions influence biogeographic patterns is limited by a lack of appropriate model systems. Avian malaria parasites (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus; Haemosporida) are a diverse, globally distributed group of vector-borne blood parasites. Because avian malaria prevalence and community composition can vary across host populations, these parasites have potential to impose spatially divergent selective pressures in birds. This thesis generates new perspectives on the evolutionary importance of avian malaria by exploring patterns in malaria prevalence, diversity and host-specificity in the under-studied South Pacific. Specifically, I sample wild birds for malaria to test whether (a) these parasites conform to classic global and island biogeography patterns, and (b) whether variation in parasite prevalence and host-specificity may influence the distributions and evolutionary trajectories of their avian hosts.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Thieberger, Nicholas. "Topics in the grammar and documentation of South Efate an Oceanic language of Central Vanuatu /." [Melbourne, Australia] : Dept. of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Univerity of Melbourne, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000492/01/SouthEfatePhD.pdf.
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Landweer, Martha Lynn. "A Melanesian perspective on mechanisms of language maintenance and shift : case studies from Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429294.
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Lenz, Robert W. "A biblical response for a cargo cult society in Irian Jaya Indonesia." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Malasa, Donald Papaku. "Effective School Leadership: An exploration of the issues inhibiting the effectiveness of school leadership in Solomon Islands' secondary schools." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2429.
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This study investigates issues impeding effective school leadership in Solomon Islands' secondary schools. In particular, it examines principals' perceptions of those issues that impede their effective leadership of their schools. There is an international literature focusing on this area that has contributed to the study. However, many of the research findings in western contexts are invalid in the context of a developing nation such as the Solomon Islands. Thus contextual specificity was an important underlying factor in the study. The research data was gathered using qualitative methods. Specifically, interviews with five principals were conducted using semi-structured interviews and was analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The research fieldwork was carried out in the Solomon Islands in August 2006. A sample of five participants was used. They were selected from five schools representing Community High Schools (CHS) and senior Provincial Secondary Schools (PSS) in two provinces and the Honiara City Council. The key findings of the study identify a range of factors that inhibit effective school leadership. These included a lack of initial training and support for on-going professional learning, unfavourable conditions of service, poor quality of teachers' professional practice, poor school facilities and infrastructure, poor administrative infrastructure, lack of appropriate and adequate financial resources, lack of support personnel, policy and systemic issues, social and cultural issues, and issues pertaining to school-community partnerships. Based on the findings identified in the study, recommendations were made on how to improve effective leadership of the schools throughout the Solomon Islands. Of particular importance is the establishment of professional development programmes for both newly appointed and servicing principals. Such programmes should enhance the leadership capacity of the principals in the schools and create a more conducive learning environment.
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Tiki, Samson. "Perceptions of bribery versus gifts within the government departments of Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/121496/2/Samson_Tiki_Thesis.pdf.
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The study explores the perceptions of bribery versus gifts among senior public servants within Papua New Guinea's (PNG's) government departments. PNG is considered to have high levels of corruption. The study used an accountability framework and the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) to explore incidents of bribery and gifts by interviewing 11 senior public servants (7 males and 4 females). Findings show that most of the public servants acknowledged bribery exists in PNG's public sector. The perceived reasons were fast-track, quick-money, and sustain-living. Given the Melanesian culture of gift-exchange and reciprocity, bribery is often confused. Hence, public servants defer payment of bribes to take as gifts after delivery of public goods and services. The findings provide important insights for policymakers within PNG's government departments to develop policies and introduce changes.
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Galuschek, Anita [Verfasser], and Jürg [Akademischer Betreuer] Wassmann. "Me, Myself and the Other. Melanesian and Western Ideas on Selfhood and Recognition / Anita Caroline Galuschek ; Betreuer: Jürg Wassmann." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1180396553/34.
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James, Danielle Nicole. "Mitochondrial DNA Diversity and its Determinants in the Southwest Pacific." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/5604.
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AnthropologyPh.D.
The purpose of this study is to examine mitochondrial DNA variation in the Southwest Pacific and determine what factors contribute to the degree and patterning of the observed variation. Population variation is known to be influenced by factors including demographic history, natural selection, climate, isolation, island area/complexity, and population age, as older populations are generally more diverse. The groups compared are from three regions in the Southwest Pacific; (a) northeast New Guinea, (b) Manus in northern Island Melanesia and (c) Easter Island in eastern Polynesia. MtDNA surveys have revealed highly significant differences in molecular variance across these populations. According to traditional biogeographical theory, the likely determinants of these differences are (a) length of time since initial settlement, (b) the comparative isolation of particular islands or regions since settlement, and (c) the size and complexity of settlement areas. Evidence from archaeology and linguistics provides the necessary framework for the study. Detailed archaeological surveys for several of the study regions provides evidence for settlement dates as well as evidence for isolation and/or frequent contact with other areas, usually in the form of trade and translocation of animals and artifacts. Linguistics, though not as informative as archaeology for settlement dates, provides detailed evidence for isolation and/or contact in the form of language isolates, language families, borrowing and linguistic divergence. The mtDNA haplogroups found in this study belong to several documented haplogroups, some of Melanesian origin, and some of Southeast Asian origin. The distribution of mtDNA variants and the pattern and degree of variation was examined using Analysis of Molecular Variance, standard diversity measures and partial Mantel matrix correlations. There were strong positive correlations between insular area, isolation and degree of variation. There were also measurable differences between inland and coastal populations on the larger islands where diversity in the isolated inland populations was greater than diversity in the coastal population. While there was some confounding of the variables, the results of our analysis indicate that insular area/complexity and isolation influence the pattern of variance more than length of settlement time.
Temple University--Theses
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Dimock, Laura Gail. "A grammar of Nahavaq (Malakula, Vanuatu) : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1183.
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Foster, Robert John. "Social reproduction and history in Melanesia : mortuary ritual, gift exchange, and custom in the Tanga Islands /." Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37469389v.
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Smith, Rachel Elizabeth. "The goal of the good house : seasonal work and seeking a good life in Lamen and Lamen Bay, Epi, Vanuatu." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-goal-of-the-good-house-seasonal-work-and-seeking-a-good-life-in-lamen-and-lamen-bay-epi-vanuatu(f21bc829-0c6b-4c55-a419-1572fff5fa1e).html.
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This thesis is an ethnographic study of a rural community in central Vanuatu, many of whom have been engaged as seasonal workers in New Zealand and Australia’s horticultural industries since 2008. Based on sixteen months’ ethnographic fieldwork divided between Lamen Island and Lamen Bay, Epi, I examine why people choose to leave their home to engage in often-difficult work and seasonal absences, in order to build a ‘good house’ and ‘good life’ at home. I suggest that ‘the good house’ is an icon of the Li-Lamenu vision for improved moral and material ‘standards of living’. I reveal how seasonal work engagements emerge in the context of mutually dependent and moralised but often-ambivalent employer-employee relations. Time away is often experienced as the subordination of one’s life and work to the demands of a labour regime, but is submitted to as opening opportunities, or ‘roads’ for value conversions of time into money, and money in into the future of the household, and community development. However, the quest for a good life in the shape of the good house raises tensions and contradictions that householders must negotiate in order to ‘live together well’ with kin and community. The rise of the ‘good house’ is associated with a concomitant decline in ‘respect’ for kin and Chiefs, and the proliferation of ‘broken homes’, and land disputes. Throughout this thesis, I will suggest that the good house concretises the increasing direction of money, time and resources into household-oriented goals. This process of household nucleation is also evident in tensions over changes in ritual performance and expenditure and land tenure patterns. I conclude that these insights contribute to the anthropology of kinship and ritual, as well as wider understandings of temporary migration and development theory and policy.
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Haihuie, Samuel Songorohuie. "Interpreting adult distance education students' learning practices from a Melanesian sociocultural perspective : a case study from the University of Papua New Guinea Open College." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019983/.
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This thesis explores the pedagogical practices of distance education in Papua New Guinea (PNG) involving adult students as they interact with print media mode of communication. My research was motivated after identification of a gap in the literature with regard to enhanced insight into the adult distance learners in the PNG context. My research focus incorporates PNG's unique indigenous cultural practices, forms of social organisation, knowledge and ways in which these 'ways of being' frame the uses of distance learning resources. The research aims to use a concept of 'pedagogic structures' as a way of interrogating these forms of social organisation and social position [re]construction. Collaboration and interaction as pedagogic themes resonates throughout the research. My research design voice takes an interpretive approach, through observation and informed by ethnographic research techniques. Fifteen students (3 females and 12 males), from three study centres and four lecturers, two tutor/mentors and four instructional designers participated with the researcher as participant observer. Qualitative analysis of data used a heuristic approach to code and categorise emerging themes from interviews, observations, and questionnaire responses. Distance learning resources and students' records were also examined. The intersecting concepts of ososom and osisini are introduced as orientations of learning in a distance education pedagogy. My research is theoretically guided by the ideas of Bernstein, Bourdieu and Moore, opening new avenues for analysing and shedding light on distance pedagogical practices on the premise that pedagogic practices are socially and culturally situated. My main research findings reveal that while the transmitter prescribes certain pedagogic principles, the adult distance learners go beyond these prescribed types of interaction to acquire knowledge. Students draw from their invisible social capital and pedagogic practices of tribal and communal forms of organisation to manage learning in their invisible world. This research points to the prioritisation for the enhancement of more meaningful collaborative and communal ways of distance education pedagogic transactions in PNG.
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Latham, Krista Erin. "Assessing Y-Chromosome Variation in the South Pacific Using Newly Detected NRY Markers." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2008. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/5736.
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AnthropologyPh.D.
The South Pacific is a region of incredible biological, cultural and linguistic diversity, reflecting its early settlement by human populations. It has been a region of interest to scholars because of this diversity, as well as its unique geography and settlement history. Current evidence suggests there was an initial settlement of Near Oceania during the Pleistocene by Papuan-speaking foragers, followed by a later Holocene settlement of Remote Oceania by Oceanic-speaking agriculturalists. Previous studies of human biological variation have been used to illuminate the migration history of and population relationships within Oceania. In this study, I analyzed Y-chromosome (NRY) diversity in 842 unrelated males to more fully characterize the phylogeography of paternal genetic lineages in this region, using a large number of regionally informative markers on an intensive sample set from Northern Island Melanesia. This approach facilitated an analysis of NRY haplogroup distributions, an evaluation of the ancestral paternal genetic contribution to the region, and a comparison of regional NRY diversity with that observed at different genetic loci (e.g., mtDNA). This project is part of a collaborative effort by faculty and graduate students from the Temple University Department of Anthropology that focused on characterizing biological variation and genetic structure in Melanesia, and better resolving the phylogeographic specificity of Northern Island Melanesia. Overall, this study generated a higher resolution view of NRY haplogroup variation than detected in previous studies through the use of newly defined and very informative SNP markers. It also showed that there is a very small ancestral East Asian paternal contribution to this area, and a rather large proportion of older Melanesian NRY lineages present there. In addition, this study observed extraordinary NRY diversity within Northern Island Melanesia, as well as genetic structure influenced more by geography than linguistic variation. This structure and diversity was essentially equivalent to that noted for mtDNA data for this region. Finally, this study helped to resolve questions about the placement of the 50f2/c deletion within the larger NRY tree. Overall, this work has refined our understanding of the migration and demographic history of Northern Island Melanesia.
Temple University--Theses
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Di, Rosa Dario. "Frustrated Modernity: Kerewo Histories and Historical Consciousness, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148575.
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This thesis takes Kerewo historical consciousness as the frame
for an analysis of the ways in which reflections on the past are
fundamentally informed by orientations towards the future. In
particular, I draw on various representations of the historical
event of the killing of missionary James Chalmers in 1901, and
its consequences, to explore local conceptions of modernity as a
moral state withheld from Kerewo in the absence of a
reconciliation with their past. This particular historical
episode occupies a central place in contemporary Kerewo
understandings of their perceived marginality within the
post-Independence state of Papua New Guinea, and more widely in
the world system.
This marginality is manifest in Kerewo daily experience as a lack
of services and infrastructure, despite the presence in the area
of a multi-billion dollar resource extraction enterprise. The
roots of this perceived lack of ‘modernity’ are sought in the
colonial past, and articulated in moral terms through historical
narratives. The colonial era emerges from these narratives as the
period in which Kerewo were exposed to modernity in its
ideological and material forms. Yet, the promises and expectation
of an amelioration of life conditions engendered by several
colonial discourses never materialised, leaving contemporary
Kerewo people with a sense of frustrated modernity. It is the
conflation of the colonial era with the idea of modernity that
informs Kerewo historical consciousness, and thus it is by
ritually addressing the colonial past that Kerewo people seek to
transform the ‘frustrated modernity’ of the present into a
better future.
What emerges from the analysis of the historical and ethnographic
material that constitutes the core of this dissertation is that
historical consciousness consists fundamentally of a social
process – which emerges from the social labour of history-
making – to apprehend present conditions through reflection on
the past informed by competing orientations toward the future.
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Vunagi, David V. "Liturgical spirituality under the Southern Cross, a study of the impact of the anglo-Catholic tradition on the Anglican church in Melanesia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0025/MQ37932.pdf.
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Maggio, Rodolfo. "Honiara is hard : the domestic moral economy of the Kwara'ae people of Gilbert Camp." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/honiara-is-hard-the-domestic-moral-economy-of-the-kwaraae-people-of-gilbert-camp(e3869d6e-a7a2-4b2e-8141-c3748b89be5f).html.
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This thesis concentrates on the Kwara'ae people of a peri-urban settlement named Gilbert Camp. Originally from Malaita (hom), they migrate and settle in Honiara, capital city of Solomon Islands. They articulate their condition in relation to two sets of value oppositions. The first opposes hom as their primitive, isolated, and hopeless province of origin; and Honiara as the modern, all-promising, all-fulfilling arrival city. The second juxtaposes hom as the epitome of unity, cooperation, and sameness, where life is easy; and Honiara as the place where diversity, competition, and separation reign, and life is hard. The Kwara'ae people leave hom and settle in Honiara because they value what lacks in the former and can be found in the latter. But in Honiara they despise some of the things they must confront, and miss what they can have at hom but not in Honiara. For these reasons, they repeatedly declare, "Honiara is hard" (Honiara hemi had). However, rather than interpreting their statements about life in town as the symptom of a negative evaluation, I try to capture the extent to which the Kwara'ae people of Gilbert Camp value their urban life in a positive way. The starkest illustration of their commitment to town life is in their daily efforts to deal with the tensions over the meaning and use of their values in the urban context. I analyse these tensions, challenges, and negotiations in a series of ethnographically grounded case studies. In a peri-urban village of a shrinking Pacific economy where there is a general disproportion between income and mouths to feed, a tension between the priorities of kinship and the need to make ends meet is almost inevitable. Secondly, the confusion surrounding the issue of land causes tensions concerning how land must be dealt with. There is also a tension between customary and state law, and between historical and recent forms of Christianity. Kwara'ae people use their creativity and cultural knowledge to find viable solutions to these tensions, which I argue is an illustration of how much they try to live according to their values on the outskirts of Honiara. It follows that the statement "Honiara is hard" indicates the measure of their efforts, of how intensely they want to live in Honiara according to their values, rather than the measure of how much they want to go back hom. This interpretation has important implications for the anthropology of urban Melanesia. Previous urban ethnographies in Solomon Islands emphasised the reproduction of hom values, rather than the creation of a new hom through the manipulation of contemporary cultural logics. Although the former approach coheres with negative evaluations of the urban context, it does not account for why people leave a place where life is "easy", and settle in a place where it is "hard". In contrast, an approach emphasising the hom-making process inherent in daily value negotiations reveals the contingent, unpredictable, and contested construction of the sense of homeliness with which Kwara'ae people are turning Gilbert Camp into their new hom.
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Donnelly, John Stephen, and jennydonnelly@bigpond com. "Does the Diocese of Aitape provide empowerment opportunities for women? An assessment based upon the views of women of the Diocese." RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080805.091709.
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The purpose of this thesis is to examine the effect that the Catholic Diocese of Aitape in the Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea, and by implication, the Catholic Church, has had on the lives of women, as assessed by women of the Diocese themselves. Much research has been done into how women can be, and/or become, empowered through development project approaches and through the agency of development agencies and people. Many such projects have been relatively short lived and have also been sector specific. If such projects are seen to have an impact upon the lives of women, a long standing institution such as the Catholic Diocese of Aitape which has such a great influence on the lives of the people living within the Diocese could also be expected to have an impact upon the lives of women. Women reflecting upon their own lives and the lives of their mothers and grandmothers and what differences there are and how the Diocese/Church has contributed to these changes has provided the data for analysis within this thesis. Based upon the reflections of women, selected as being representative of the women of the Diocese, the Diocese and the Catholic Church have indeed contributed to a degree of empowerment for women that these women may not have otherwise achieved within contemporary Papua New Guinea society. The various teaching, policies and practices of the Diocese and the Church have enabled a greater freedom of association, movement and opportunity for women to individually and collectively become empowered to some degree. The patriarchal nature of the Church hierarchy and the interaction between the Church and the Diocese however remains a barrier to true gender equality across all aspects of the Diocese and Church. While this remains so, increasing localisation of the Church within Melanesian society may well mean that gains made by women through the agency of the Catholic Diocese of Aitape, need to be defended from erosion by a more Melanesian version of that same Diocese. [Appendix 4 : STK THR 262.3093 D718]
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Noury, Arnaud. "De la poterie Lapita à la Parole des premières sociétés d'Océanie : les décors et la société Lapita." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LAROF041.
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La recherche archéologique au sujet du Complexe Culturel Lapita, qui se développa en Océanie il y a environ 3200-2800 ans BP, a considérablement évolué ces dernières décennies. Le propos de la thèse présentée ici est de montrer que l’étude des décorations des poteries lapita peut être particulièrement utile pour la compréhension de des populations lapita. Après avoir rappelé l’historique de la recherche autour du lapita, et l’état de la recherche actuelle, nous présentons dans un second temps une étude très détaillée des décors céramiques : comment ceux-ci étaient réalisés, comment les différentes frises et les motifs s’organisaient entre eux. Enfin, quelles sont les différences et les répartitions spatiales et temporelles de tous ces motifs et de leurs variantes. Cette première étape permet de dresser un bilan exhaustif du mode de représentation graphique des Lapita et d’insister sur son importance dans notre connaissance de la société au tournant des IIème et Ier millénaires avant notre ère. Dans un troisième temps, les observations et les résultats obtenus sont mis en relation avec les autres données archéologiques, ainsi que celles issues de la linguistique historique et de l’ethnologie pour tenter de montrer que les décors lapita peuvent sans doute être considérés comme les reflets de certains aspects immatériels –principalement sociaux- des Lapita : de la parenté à l’organisation des groupes lapita dans le vaste territoire compris entre la Nouvelle-Guinée et les îles Samoa, en passant par les îles Salomon, le Vanuatu, la Nouvelle-Calédonie, les îles Fidji et les archipels de Tonga et de Wallis et Futuna. Ce type d’étude permet une ouverture de la recherche océanienne vers des hypothèses de reconstitutions sociales ouvrant de nouvelles perspectives pour la compréhension des sociétés dites « à tradition orale. »Archaeological research on the Lapita Cultural Complex, which developed in Oceania about 3200-2800 years Before Present, has evolved considerably in recent decades. The purpose of the thesis presented here is to show that the study of Lapita pottery decoration can be particularly useful for the understanding of the Lapita people. After having remembered the history of research about Lapita, and the state of current research, we present in a second time a very detailed study of ceramic decorations : how they were made, how the various friezes and motifs organize themselves. Finally, what are the differences, spatial and temporal distributions of all these patterns and their variants. This first step allows a comprehensive review of the mode of graphical representation of the Lapita and emphasize its importance in our understanding of society at the turn of second and first millennia BC. In a third step, observations and results are linked with other archaeological data, as well as those from historical linguistics and ethnology in an attempt to show that Lapita decorations can probably be seen as the reflections of intangible aspects -mainly social- of Lapita: the relationship to the organization of Lapita groups in the vast territory between New Guinea and Samoa, through the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and the archipelagos of Tonga and Wallis and Futuna. This type of study allows an opening for the Pacific Research into social assumptions reconstructions opening new perspectives for understanding the cultures so-called "oral tradition."
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Henri, Agnès. "Eléments de description d'une langue mélanésienne du Vanuatu, le sungwadia." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040183.
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Cette thèse consiste en une description du sun̄wadia, langue mélanésienne parlée dans l'île de Maewo, située dans la partie centre-nord du Vanuatu (Pacifique Sud). La description est basée sur deux séjours de terrain de trois mois chacun. La langue présente, à des stades plus ou moins poussés, les traits caractéristiques de la famille austronésienne: l'existence d'un article personnel, une tendance à l'omniprédicativité, la modification de la structure argumentale du verbe par quelques morphèmes hérités du système à applicatif des langues situées plus haut dans la généalogie de la famille. Elle présente également le système de marques personnelles très reconnaissable des langues austronésiennes.Il s'agit d'une langue relativement conservatrice sur le plan phonologique, mais dont la morphologie dérivationnelle apparaît assez érodée (il n'existe ni conjugaison verbale, ni déclinaison casuelle, ni marquage morphologique du nombre sur les noms). La thèse s'organise en six parties. La première étudie la phonologie, la morphophonologie, et la structure morphologique du mot sun̄wadia, ainsi que les phénomènes de sandhi. La seconde partie s'intéresse aux parties du discours et pose quelques bases syntaxiques sur lesquelles s'appuiera le reste de l'étude. Les quatre parties suivantes étudient successivement le fonctionnement du syntagme substantival, celui de la prédication (structurée par le recours fondamental aux constructions à verbes sériels), le système de repérage et de référence temporels, spatiaux et circonstanciels, et enfin l'organisation de l'énoncé. La thèse est accompagnée d'un extrait de corpus glosé d'une douzaine de pagesThis PHD thesis consists in a description of Sun̄wadia, a melanesian language spoken in Maewo Island, Central-NorthVanuatu (South-Pacific). It is based on two fieldworks of three months each.This language exhibits, in a variable extension, some of the typical characters of the austronesian languages: it has a personal article, tends towards omnipredicativity; the argumental structure of the verb undergoes modifications via a few morphemes related to the applicative systems of languages that are situated higher in the genetic tree of the family. The language also has the typical pronominal system of austronesian languages.Sun̄wadia is a relatively conservative language, on the phonemic level at least, but its morphology appears to be quite eroded (there aren't any verbal conjugation, nor any nominal declension, nor any morphological marking of number on the noun). This thesis is organised in six parts. The first one studies phonemics, morphophonemics, and the morphological structure of the Sun̄wadia word, as well as sandhi phenomenon. The second part concerns the parts of speech and lays down some syntaxic grounds that will be useful to the rest of the study. The last four parts review the substantival syntagm, the functioning of predication (which is mostly built around serial verbs constructions); the temporal, spatial, and circumstantial reference, and, lastly, the global organisation of the clause. The thesis comes with a short excerpt of our oral corpus (a dozen of pages)
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Watson, Amanda H. A. "The mobile phone : the new communication drum of Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/47170/1/Amanda_Watson_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the role of mobile telephony in rural communities in Papua New Guinea (PNG). It is a threshold study which reports on research conducted in the earliest stages of mobile phone adoption in these areas. It explores the ways in which this new technology changes people’s lives, social structures and relationships. The research focuses on non-urban communities, which previously had little or no access to modern communication technologies, but which are in some cases still using traditional forms of communication such as drums. It has found that the introduction of mobile telecommunications has generally been viewed positively, although several negative concerns have been strongly felt. Specific benefits related to enhanced communication with relatives and friends living away from home villages, and use of the technology in time-critical emergencies or crises. Difficulties have arisen with respect to the cost of owning and operating a handset, as well as financial and logistical challenges when recharging handset batteries, particularly in areas with no mains electricity supply. Perceived damaging effects of mobile phone access related to sex, crime and pornography.
The changes taking place are described through a social lens, by foregrounding the perceptions of villagers. The perspectives of key informants, such as telecommunication company managers, are also discussed. Employing the technique of triangulation (using different methods and sources) has helped to validate the findings of the research project. The sources constantly overlap and agree on the main themes, such as those outlined above.
PNG is a developing country which performs poorly on a wide range of development indicators. A large majority of the people live outside of the major towns and cities. It is therefore worthwhile investigating the introduction of mobile phone technology in rural areas. These areas often have poor access to services, including transport, health, education and banking. Until 2007, communities in such regions fell outside of mobile phone coverage areas. In the case of all ten villages discussed in this thesis, there has never been any landline telephone infrastructure available. Therefore, this research on mobile phones is in effect documenting the first ever access to any kind of phone in these communities.
This research makes a unique contribution to knowledge about the role of communication in PNG, and has implications for policy, practice and theory. In the policy arena, the thesis aids understanding of the impact which communication sector competition and regulation can have on rural and relatively isolated communities. There are three practical problems which have emerged from the research: cost, battery recharging difficulties and breakage are all major obstacles to uptake and use of mobile telephony in rural communities. Efforts to reduce usage costs, enable easier recharging, and design more robust handsets would allow for increased utilisation of mobile phones for a range of purposes. With respect to the realm of theory, this research sits amongst the most recent scholarship in the mobile phone field, located within the broader communication theory area. It recommends cautionary reading of any literature which suggests that mobile phones will reduce poverty and increase incomes in poor, rural communities in developing countries. Nonetheless, the present research adds weight to mobile phone studies which suggest that the primary advantages of mobile phones in such settings are for the satisfactions of communication of itself, and for social interaction among loved ones.
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Tellier, Domitille. "Un monde de l'art inachevé ? : institutions et artistes mélanésiens à l'épreuve du marché international (de 1968 à nos jours)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H040.
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La fin de la Guerre froide marque le début de l'accélération du processus de mondialisation de l'art contemporain. À la faveur d’une diversité régionale reconnue, les artistes de tous les continents s'exposent pour «Les Magiciens de la terre». Mais tandis que de nouvelles théories critiques requestionnent l'histoire de l'art des pays des Sud, un monde de l'art spécifique à la Mélanésie se structure, comportant ses propres conventions, ses techniques, ses matériaux ou ses modes d'exposition. Les règles qui s'appliquent, fondées sur les valeurs de tradition, d'authenticité et d'innovation, légitiment ou répriment la circulation des artistes et de leurs œuvres. Créant les cadres sociaux du regard, elles limitent grandement l'expérience visuelle des observateurs, tout en restreignant la visibilité des arts actuels de Mélanésie à l'échelle planétaire. À l'heure où de plus en plus d'écrits paraissent sur la mondialisation artistique, il devient essentiel de faire connaître cette partie du Pacifique insulaire, ses caractéristiques et limites. Loin de vouloir intégrer de force ces créations dans un marché international, il s'agit avant tout d'envisager de nouveaux outils et de nouvelles méthodes pour écrire une histoire de l'art à l'ère de la mondialisation, de comprendre dans les œuvres ce qui est proche et lointain. Car c'est en créant une altérité que l'art de Mélanésie peut ouvrir la place aux sentiments et aux émotions qui se partagent avec le publicThe end of the Cold War marks the beginning of the acceleration of globalization of contemporary art. Due to their recognized regional artistic diversity, artists from all continents were represented at “Les Magiciens de la Terre” exhibition. While new critical theories are assessing anew the history of art of the Global South, the Melanesian art world itself, with its own conventions, techniques, materials and exhibition modes has become more organized. Rules founded on the values of tradition, authenticity, and innovation can either legitimize or repress the circulation of artists and their works. The traditions have created a social framework surrounding Melanesian art that can greatly limit the visual experience of viewers, and restrict the global visibility of contemporary Melanesian arts. Now that the globalization of art is a major topic of discussion, it is important to advertise the characteristics and limitations of art from this region of the Pacific islands. It would not be right to try to force Melanesian art onto an international art market. However, new ways to describe the history of Melanesian art in this era of globalization should be considered. By creating something original, Melanesian art can elicit novel emotional responses to art, which deserve to be widely appreciated
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Lind, Craig. "Placing Paamese : locating concerns with place, gender and movement in Vanuatu." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1972.
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This is a study of coming to know what it is to be Paamese. The work seeks to present an anthropological understanding of ontological concerns that constitute a Paamese perception of subjectivities. I take my lead from Paamese perceptions that the internal capacities of subjects or “things” (e.g. persons, villages, islands, and movement itself) are revealed through relations with others. This correlates with anthropology’s methodology of testing its analytical strategies through the ethnographic practices of others in order to reach more accurate representations. Paamese, as is common elsewhere in Vanuatu and Melanesia, have an extremely fluid attitude towards sociality and easily accommodate urban dwelling without leaving Paama behind. I suggest that a nuanced multi-positioned approach in which several aspects of Paamese sociality are considered from a point of limitation employed by Paamese to focus an event, such as a marriage exchange, will present a better understanding of how these subjectivities, that is Paamese people and Paama Island, adhere such that they do not part company wherever they go. Paamese suggest that each event should be considered as if following a single branch in the canopy of a tree – a scalable perception that offers the promise that a multi-faceted approach will reveal a replicable form. I take this approach to specificity seriously and employ a looping aesthetic, measi, adapted from Paamese sand-drawing in order to consider the shifting concerns expressed by Paamese perceptions of out (place), āmal (agnatic clans), sise (road), vatte (origin), ara (blood) and asi (bone). I suggest that these, parts, can be considered together as a holography for how to come to know what it is to be Paamese.
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Llorca, Sylvie. "Les concentrations cobaltiferes supergenes en nouvelle-caledonie : geologie, mineralogie." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30231.
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La repartition dans les profils des concentrations cobaltiferes est controlee par deux mecanismes qui interferent: le premier consiste en une accumulation progressive du cobalt dans une tranche donnee de profil correspondant au toit des alterites silicatees, au fur et a mesure de l'approfondissement de l'alteration; le second consiste en une migration progressive du cobalt depuis les zones hautes vers les depressions du toit silicate, formees par la roche en cours d'alteration. Le cobalt est porte par des produits noirs caracteristiques des divers milieux de depot
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Awi, Jane Pumai. "Creating new folk opera forms of applied theatre for HIV and AIDS education in Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/81643/1/Jane%20Awi%20Thesis.pdf.
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This research investigated the potential of folk opera as a tool for HIV and AIDS education in Papua New Guinea. It began with an investigation on the indigenous performativities and theatricalities of Papua New Guineans, conducting an audit of eight selected performance traditions in Papua New Guinea. These traditions were analysed, and five cultural forms and twenty performance elements were drawn out for further exploration. These elements were fused and combined with theatre techniques from western theatre traditions, through a script development process involving Australians, Papua New Guineans and international collaborators. The resulting folk opera, entitled Kumul, demonstrates what Murphy (2010) has termed story force, picture force, and feeling force, in the service of a story designed to educate Papua New Guinean audiences about HIV and the need to adopt safer sexual practices. Kumul is the story of a young man faced with decisions on whether or not to engage in risky sexual behaviours. Kumul's narrative is carefully framed within selected Papua New Guinean beliefs drawn from the audit to deliver HIV and AIDS messages using symbolic and metaphoric communication techniques without offending people. The folk opera Kumul was trialled in two communities in Papua New Guinea: a village community and an urban settlement area. Kumul is recognisable to Papua New Guinean audiences because it reflects their lifestyle and a worldview, which connects them to their beliefs and spirituality, and the larger cosmological order. Feedback from audience members indicated that the performance facilitated HIV and AIDS communication, increased people's awareness of HIV and AIDS, and encouraged behaviour change. Tellingly, in one performance venue, forty people queued for Voluntary Testing and Counseling immediately after the performance. Twenty of these people were tested on that night and the other twenty were tested the following day. Many of the volunteers were young men – a demographic historically difficult to engage in HIV testing. This encouraging result indicates that the Kumul folk opera form of applied theatre could be useful for facilitating communication and education regarding sexual health and safer sexual behaviours in Papua New Guinea. Feedback from participants, audience members and other research stakeholders suggests that the form might also be adapted to address other social and development issues, particularly in the areas of health and social justice.
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Baron, Jacopo. "Gardens of the Mind : a study on Vanuatu sand-drawing." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0168.
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La présente thèse porte sur le dessin sur sable (Anglais : sand-drawing ; Bislama : sandroing) du Vanuatu, archipel mélanésien situé dans le sud-ouest du Pacifique. Ces dessins sur sable – d’un style spectaculaire et étonnamment précis – ont été systématiquement récoltés pour la première fois par l'anthropologue anglais Arthur Bernard Deacon dans les années 1920. Depuis cette ‘découverte’ il faut bien admettre qu’à la surprise des pionniers (parmi lesquels on compte le grand Alfred Cort Haddon), aucun réel travail d’analyse n’a suivi. En fait, bien que le dessin sur sable ait été plus tard documenté, mentionné dans des ouvrages célèbres et même proclamé « Chef-d'œuvre du patrimoine oral et immatériel de l'humanité » par l'UNESCO en 2003, il n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une analyse détaillée. Ce projet vise à combler cette lacune aussi bien sur le plan de la recherche empirique que sur celui de l'interprétation théorique. Dans ce cadre, ce projet a trois objectifs principaux : comprendre et reconstruire les raisons historiques et épistémologiques de cette lacune, essayer de réduire cet écart par l'étude d'une tradition régionale et évaluer les conséquences de cette tentative compte tenu des développements récents dans le domaine de l'anthropologie de la mémoire et de certaines questions classiques de l'ethnologie mélanésienne. À cet égard, je me réfère en particulier à l’« opacité sémiotique » et à la « recherche de l'éphémère » qui on constate au sein de plusieurs systèmes de communication traditionnels développés dans cette région.La définition de ces trois objectifs m’a conduit à développer le projet selon trois axes de recherche. La thèse est donc constituée des résultats d’une recherche d’archive consacrée à l'étude de la littérature relative au dessin sur sable et aux perspectives théoriques qui ont nourri sa première analyse (Chapitre 1), d’une enquête ethnographique menée dans les régions ouest et nord de l'île d'Ambrym (Chapitres 2, 3), et d’une tentative d'apporter une nouvelle interprétation de la pratique, réalisée à partir d'études sur l'histoire de l'écriture, l'anthropologie de la mémoire et l'ethnologie mélanésienne (Chapitre 4). L’ensemble des chapitres est précédés d'une introduction qui porte sur le contexte ethnographique et la méthodologie utilisée, et est suivi d'une conclusion résumant les résultats de l’étude. La thèse se termine par deux annexes. Le premier consiste en un catalogue de tous les dessins sur sable que j'ai documenté à Ambrym, tandis que le second présente le permis de recherche signé par le centre culturel du VanuatuThe present thesis deals with the sand-drawing (French: dessin sur sable; Bislama: sandroing) of Vanuatu, a Melanesian archipelago located in the south-western Pacific. Vanuatu sand-drawings – geometrical figures traced in the sand, very ingenious, and complex – were first systematically documented by British anthropologist Arthur Bernard Deacon in the 1920s. This ‘discovery’ generated great interest among important exponents of the discipline (including the great Alfred Cort Haddon) of the time. However, no dedicated study of these figures followed the first attempts at their interpretation. Over the years, sand drawing has been documented, mentioned in important publications and even proclaimed “Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” by UNESCO in 2003, but in spite of this, it has never been the subject of a detailed analysis. This project aims at filling this gap, both in terms of empirical research and theoretical interpretation. In this context, this project has three main objectives. First, to understand and reconstruct the historical and epistemological reasons for this gap. Second, to try to reduce this gap through a renewed study of the practice based on the examination of a regional tradition. Third, to evaluate the consequences of this attempt in the light of recent developments in the field of anthropology of memory, and some classical issues in Melanesian ethnology. With respect to this last point, I refer in particular to the ‘semiotic opacity’ and the ‘quest for ephemeral’ which seem to characterize many traditional communication practices within this region.The definition of these three objectives led me to develop the project along three research axes. The thesis therefore consists of an archival research dedicated to the study of literature related to sand-drawing and the theoretical perspectives that informed its first analysis (Chapter 1), of an ethnographic research carried out in the western and northern regions of the island of Ambrym (Chapters 2, 3), and of an attempt to provide a new interpretation of the practice, based on studies on the history of writing, the anthropology of memory and Melanesian ethnology (Chapter 4).The set of chapters is preceded by an Introduction which deals with the ethnographic context and the methodology used, and is followed by Conclusions which sums up the results of the study. The thesis is closed by two Annexe. Annexe I consists of a catalogue of all the sand drawings I documented in Ambrym and Annexe II presents the research permit signed by the Vanuatu Cultural Centre
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Azevedo, Luiz Otavio Roffee. "Infra-Red Spectrophotometry and X-Ray Diffractometry as Tools in the Study of Nickel Laterites." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/231213.
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Nickel silicate laterite deposits developed on ultra-mafic rocks are similar in many general respects but they vary considerably in detail. The mineralogy of these surficial deposits is very complex and difficult to determine because of the fine grained nature and solid solution characteristics of the hydrous secondary minerals and because many of the phases are actually mineraloids that are poorly ordered or amorphous. To try some new approaches toward clarification of these phases, 24 samples from New Caledonia and Puerto Rico ranging from the ophiolite-ultramafic olivine-pyroxene-chromite-serpentine substrate rocks upward through intermediate phases of weathering to the final oxide -hydroxide iron cap phase were analyzed with the infrared spectrophotometer (IR -10) and with the automated X –ray diffractometer. Four limonite samples were also mineralogically analyzed. Goethite, secondary quartz, cryptomelane, hematite, chromite, talc, thuringite, and garnierite have been identified in various samples as weathering profile products.
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Conand, Chantal. "Les holothuries aspidochirotes du lagon de Nouvelle-Calédonie : Biologie, écologie et exploitation." Brest, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BRES2007.
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Van, Dijk Nicola. "The Melanesians : an osteological study of their biological relationships within the Pacific." Phd thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144683.
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Davies, Robyn. "HLA Class Two Genotyping in Australian Aborigines and Non-Austronesian Speaking Melanesians." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/122618.
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Stoneking, Mark Allen. "Human mitochondrial DNA evolution in Papua New Guinea." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18809629.html.
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Shoup, Richard Frank. "Growth and aging in the Manus of Pere Village, Manus Province, Papua New Guinea a mixed-longitudinal and secular perspective /." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23751262.html.
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JANDA, Milan. "Ecology and Natural History of Melanesian Ants." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54743.
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Fredericksen, Clayton Frederick Keith. "Patterns in glass : obsidian and economic specialisation in the Admiralty Islands." Phd thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109307.
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This thesis considers the association between western Melanesian ethnographic
economic specialisation and prehistoric systems of production and distribution.
Contrasting theories for the development of historical specialisation are reviewed and
the criticism made that these are chronologically limited to the late Holocene. The
statement is made that to fully appreciate temporal change we must expand our view
to encompass the preceramic period.
Obsidian is one of the few archaeologically visible materials which was distributed in
both preceramic and ceramic times. This material is chosen as a “measuring device”
to map variation in production and distribution patterns in the Admiralty Islands,
Papua New Guinea. A review of ethnographic and anthropological literature revealed
that the Admiralty Islands were characterised by a high level of village or lineagebased
economic specialisation. Obsidian was one of the materials produced and
distributed within this system.
A study was carried out on obsidian use at Pamwak Rocksheiter on Manus Island,
and at a number of mid to late Holocene localities on Manus and Mouk.
Characterisation analysis revealed that offshore obsidian, probably from the Pam
Islands, began to be utilised in the terminal Pleistocene. Trends of increasing
accessibility through time and a move to incorporate increasing quantities of Lou
obsidian were revealed. A significant discovery is the possibility of a major increase in
the use of Lou obsidian coincident with the appearance of Lapita.
Retouched obsidian blades and microblades were found to be present in only post-
Lapita contexts. Chronological change in blade production strategies was revealed on
Lou. This involved the development of highly standardised triangular forms by
approximately 1600-1300 BP, followed by a simplification of technology as reflected
in the appearance of minimally modified tanged forms. This occurred within the last
1000 years and is interpreted as showing increased demand for weapon points. This
demonstrates a move toward the form of spearpoint production recorded by
nineteenth century ethnographers.
The conclusion drawn is that none of the models yet advanced for the devlopment of
economic specialisation in Melanesia is adequate for interpreting change in production
and distribution in the Admiralty Islands. The roots of economic specialisation may
lie further back in time than catered for by existing models.
47
MATOS, MARAVÍ Pável Fortunato. "Biogeography and evolution of Melanesian and South Pacific ants." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261150.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the systematics, biogeography, and diversification dynamics of a large and ecologically important insect group in SE Asia and the Indo-Pacific region: the ants. This study utilizes a multidisciplinary framework to elucidate the evolutionary history of selected ant clades with the overall aim to shed light on similar ecological and evolutionary processes intervening in ant diversity.
48
Stech, Zorian. "Une confrontation comme nulle autre dans le Pacifique : la France, la Grande-Bretagne et la vie politique au condominium franco-britannique des Nouvelles-Hébrides (1945-1980)." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20472.
Full text
49
Fergie, Deane Joanne. "Being and becoming : ritual and reproduction in an island Melanesian society." 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf351.pdf.
Full text
50
Hanslip, Michael D. "Expedient technologies? obsidian artefacts in island Melanesia." Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10908.
Full textAbstract:
The first section provides the necessary framework for the research undertaken.
Questions which guided the study of the obsidian tools are presented. Background
theory for Melanesian prehistory, exchange studies · and lithic research are presented.
This section ends with a description of all the archaeological sites used during the
study. Nineteen primary sites located on five islands provide the bulk of the raw data.
Six secondary sites and sixty tertiary sites provide the remaining obsidian data.
The central section of the document relates the methods used during examination of the
obsidian flakes and the results produced by each approach. Consideration is made of
four methods of source determination for obsidian. Advantages of each method are
considered from the perspective of the lithic specialist. Variations in distribution for
each source are calculated chronologically and spatially.
The amount of obsidian deposited within a site, termed abundance, is calculated for
each primary site (when possible) in two different units and presented graphically.
Combined with mean flake mass, the three measures provide a basis for differentiating
the sites by how obsidian was handled. Flake size profiles, a measure of reduction
strategy, are presented for each site and time period. Results from the profiling exercise
are compared with statistical tests.
Development of a use-wear procedure and the testing of it via a blind-test are related.
Application of the use-wear method to the archaeological tools reveals a non-specific
approach· to obsidian use in the past, and exposes the difficulty of working with flake
tools in tropical environs. Surface weathering, which removes most of the traces of use
over time, is explored in the literature and presented in photographs. Finally, a
confirmation of the unguided nature of obsidian reduction in the region is presented.
The final section of the thesis begins with a discussion of the results of each procedure
in tum. The questions which began the thesis are answered in light of the findings of
this research, providing a summary of the key issues of the document. In conclusion,
expedient technology was found to be the appropriate label for all aspects of obsidian
exploitation from procurement through to disposal.
An appendix lists the data produced by sourcing several hundred obsidian flakes in the
course of this study.