Relevant bibliographies by topics / Melanesian

Academic literature on the topic 'Melanesian'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Melanesian"

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Webb, Michael, and Camellia Bell Webb-Gannon. "Decolonization, popular song and Black-Pacific identity in Melanesia." Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 1 (January 2020): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443719884053.

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Melanesians were pejoratively labelled the dark-skinned islanders by European explorers in the 1830s, an act that has shaped understandings of the region and its peoples down to the present day. In this brief essay, we attempt to demonstrate that since the new millennium, aided by digital tools and the Internet, young Melanesians have localized Black Atlantic music forms in order to assert agency, no matter how limited, in relation to their experiences of rejection and marginalization within the global system. The musical creation of new identity spaces is briefly considered through three condensed case studies that exemplify core contemporary Melanesian social concerns: (1) Pacific climate change, (2) Melanesian cultural identity in relation to pressures of modernity and globalization and (3) independence for West Papua. Increasingly, we propose, such expressions are becoming a significant factor in the ongoing reshaping in Melanesia of what it means to belong in the world while remaining culturally distinct.
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Djami, Erlin Novita Idje. "MEGALITIK GUNUNG SROBU DALAM KONTEKS BUDAYA MELANESIA." AMERTA 38, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/amt.v38i2.129-144.

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Abstract. Megalithic Of Gunung Srobu In Melanesian Cultural Context. Megalithic is one of the cultural elements that is discovered worldwide, and it is often used as evidence for cultural hyperdiffusion theory. Such a cultural element is also present in the Melanesian region. However, there is still debate among scholars as to where it comes from and when it was introduced to this area. In this context, the recently excavated megalithic site in Gunung Srobu in Youtefa Bay, Jayapura, Papua may shed light on this matter. This paper is intended to describe the megalithic findings of Gunung Srobu and then compare them with other megalithic findings in several sites in the Melanesian region. The comparative study aims to find out the similarities and differences between Gunung Srobu megalithic and the other Melanesian megalithic as well as to know the position of Gunung Srobu in the Melanesian regional. The method used includes surveys, excavations, and literature studies. The result shows that Gunung Srobu is a very complex megalithic site in the region with very varied shapes and types. The date from around the 4th Century AD put Gunung Srobu as the oldest megalithic site in the region which is likely to occupy a central position in the megalithic distribution in the Melanesian Region. Abstrak. Megalitik merupakan salah satu unsur budaya yang ditemukan sangat luas di dunia dan sering menjadi bukti bagi teori hiperdifusi. Unsur budaya megalitik juga ditemukan di kawasan Melanesia. Namun, banyak ahli masih memperdebatkan asal-usul dan waktu persebarannya. Dalam konteks ini, temuan megalitik yang baru-baru ini ditemukan dalam penggalian di situs Gunung Srobu, Teluk Youtefa, Papua, mungkin dapat menjelaskan masalah ini. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk mendeskripsikan temuan megalitik di Gunung Srobu dan membandingkannya dengan temuan megalitik di beberapa situs lainnya di kawasan Melanesia. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui persamaan dan perbedaan unsur megalitik antara yang ada di Gunung Srobu dan di situs Melanesia lainnya, serta mengetahui kedudukan megalitik Gunung Srobu di kawasan Melanesia. Metode yang digunakan mencakup survei, ekskavasi, dan studi pustaka. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Gunung Srobu merupakan situs megalitik yang sangat kompleks di kawasan itu dengan bentuk dan jenis yang sangat bervariasi. Pertanggalan yang berasal dari sekitar abad ke-4 M menempatkannya sebagai megalitik tertua yang kemungkinan menempati posisi sentral dalam persebaran megalitik di kawasan Melanesia.
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Valencia-Forrester, Faith, Bridget Backhaus, and Heather Stewart. "In her own words: Melanesian women in media." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 26, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v26i1.1104.

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Representation of women in media has been a noted gender equity issue globally for decades. Given the increasing encroachments into press freedom in Melanesia, female journalists and media workers face serious challenges. With this in mind, the Melanesian Media Freedom Forum (MMFF) hosted a special session focusing specifically on the issues affecting women in the media in Melanesia. This article focuses on the discussions of female Melanesian journalists and the unique challenges they face in terms of representation in the media workforce, having their voices heard in the media, and the threats to their personal safety.
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Peyon, Ibrahim. "Kargoisme dan Messianik Politik Etik Ero-Amerika." CENDERAWASIH: Jurnal Antropologi Papua 2, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jap.v2i1.1955.

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Cargoism is a belief in prosperity, happiness and eternal life brought by certain figures. Cargoism was constructed by western anthropologists and missionaries who had lived and worked in Melanesia. The western anthropologists and missionaries observed various social and cultural movements in Melanesia, which could then be conceptualized and theorized in social theory under the name of the Cargoism Movement. This view of Corgoism does not exist in Melanesian culture, but it is a western view related with their mobilization of cargo economic and materially in western society. Cargoism and messianic were shaped by Western anthropologists and European missionaries for the benefit of their colonialism and Christianization. In Melanesia there is no cargoism and messianic as Western anthropologists and missionaries write. Social and political movements labeled as cargoism or messianic are nationalist movements to expel colonialism and fight for the sovereignty of the Melanesian peoples
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Hirsch, Eric. "Melanesian Ethnography and the Comparative Project of Anthropology: Reflection on Strathern’s Analogical Approach." Theory, Culture & Society 31, no. 2-3 (January 21, 2014): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276413510049.

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Melanesian ethnography has been a substantial and enduring presence in Strathern’s comparative project of anthropology. The cornerstone of this project was The Gender of the Gift, where a model was established for demonstrating the analogies between Melanesian societies based on a system of common differences. The comparisons created in this work were centred on a real and radical divide between Melanesia and the West. Strathern’s subsequent comparative work has examined the debates surrounding new social and technological forms in the West (e.g. new genetic and reproductive technologies) through drawing analogies with Melanesian social forms; she has simultaneously highlighted the limits of these comparisons. Her intention in this comparative project has been to expand the range of concepts and language used to understand western social and technological innovations that potentially affect the world at large, so that debate is not simply circumscribed by western preoccupations and concerns. As mediated through the analysis of Strathern and the other Melanesian anthropologists she draws on, the voices and interests of non-westerners can potentially inform and even reform the grounds of such deliberations.
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Todd, Maya Rani Louise Chandra, Stephen Sikaveke Kodovaru, Georgia Antoniou, and Peter J. Cundy. "Clubfoot deformity in the Solomon Islands: Melanesian versus Polynesian ethnicity, a retrospective cohort study." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 14, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.14.190172.

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Purpose Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) has a high incidence in the South Pacific, with New Zealand Maori and Polynesian rates of up to seven per 1000 live births, at least five times higher than the Caucasian population. A genetic component is suggested to explain this, however, there is little information regarding the difference of incidence between Polynesian and Melanesian ethnicity in the South Pacific. Our aim was to investigate the effects of ethnicity on the incidence of CTEV in the Solomon Islands, specifically comparing Melanesian and Polynesian ethnicity. Methods Between 2011 and 2017, data was collected in the Solomon Islands from over 40 clinics upon introduction of the Ponseti programme for treatment of CTEV. Records were kept using the validated Global Clubfoot Initiative data form. Ethnicity was documented, including family history. Results In total, 138 children presented during this period, with 215 affected feet reviewed and treated. In all, 74% of children had solely Melanesian parents and 6% Polynesian. Using the general population ethnic breakdown of 95.3% Melanesian and 3.1% Polynesian, the odds of CTEV in children of Melanesian parents were 0.41 times lower compared with the odds in children of Polynesian parents. Conclusion The results indicate that in the Solomon Islands, CTEV in Melanesian children was less than half as likely to occur in Polynesian children. Our findings also support the theories of minimal Polynesian genetic material persisting in the Solomon Islands and a different genetic risk of CTEV between Polynesians and Melanesians. Level of Evidence III
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Lea, David. "Civil society and media: The relevance in Fiji, Tonga and PNG." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 7, no. 1 (September 1, 2001): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v7i1.711.

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PNG's Melanesian societies with Polyneasian societies like Tonga and Samoa, which evolved the familiar authoritarian feudal structures, which are always in tension with democratic institutions. In melanesia, those who gain political ascendancy and power must struggle for it.
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Schapper, Antoinette, and Lourens de Vries. "Comparatives in Melanesia: Concentric circles of convergence." Linguistic Typology 22, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 437–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2018-0015.

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Abstract Using a sample of 116 languages, this article investigates the typology of comparative constructions and their distribution in Melanesia, one of the world’s least-understood linguistic areas. We present a rigorous definition of a comparative construction as a “comparative concept”, thereby excluding many constructions which have been considered functionally comparatives in Melanesia. Conjoined comparatives are shown to dominate at the core of the area on the island of New Guinea, while (monoclausal) exceed comparatives are found in the maritime regions around New Guinea. Outside of Melanesia adpositional and other comparative constructions including particle comparatives are most frequent in Austronesian languages. The unity of the conjoined comparative type in the core Melanesian area illustrates that, while morpho-syntactic profiles of Melanesian languages are heterogenous, significant convergence in the “ways of saying things” can be found across the region. Additionally, we find no cases of clause chaining constructions being used for encoding comparatives, even in canonical clause chaining languages of central New Guinea. Our findings thus offer no support for Stassen’s claim of a correlation between temporal chaining type and comparative construction type. Instead we suggest that an areal preference for mini-clauses may explain the dominance of the conjoined comparative in Melanesia.
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Keltner, Alfred, Vincent Sale, Norman Ba'abi, and Peter Nusa. "Stress and personal space: Some observations in a Melanesian urban community." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 2 (November 1987): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400001747.

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With a sample of 60 urban Melanesian households the relationship between expressed satisfaction and stress and the quantity and quality of personal space was examined. The negative and significant correlations obtained suggest trends similar to those found in Western urban samples. The results were discussed in relation to rapid urbanization and the role of the state in cultural change in Melanesia.
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Kabutaulaka, Tarcisius. "Re-Presenting Melanesia: Ignoble Savages and Melanesian Alter-Natives." Contemporary Pacific 27, no. 1 (2015): 110–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2015.0027.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Melanesian"

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Moore, Clive. "Kanaka a history of Melanesian Mackay /." Port Moresby : Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies and University of Papua New Guinea Press, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/17857721.html.

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Bowser, Lauren K. "Convergent Evolution of Darkly Pigmented Skin in Island Melanesian Populations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1515508204175712.

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Schram, Ryan. "Feast of water Christianity and the economic transformation of a Melanesian society /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3369402.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 17, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 354-371).
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Hamilton, Steven G. "Melanesian Island Pteropodidae (Chiroptera) community niche partitioning conveyed in hair and tounge ecomorphology /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18340.pdf.

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Barker, John. "Maisin Christianity : an ethnography of the contemporary religion of a seaboard Melanesian people." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25550.

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This dissertation examines the ways in which a Papua New Guinean people, the Maisin of Collingwood Bay in Oro Province, have over the years responded to and appropriated a version of Christianity brought to them by Anglican missionaries. The Maisin treat Christianity not as a foreign imposition, but as an integral part of their total religious conceptions, activities and experiences. Almost a century of documented Maisin history reveals a consistency related to what is here called a "social ideology": a complex formed by idioms of asymmetry between senior and junior kin and allies, equivalence in exchanges between a range of social categories of persons, and complementarity between the sexes. Extensions of the social ideology to the developments of the post-contact society are explored in the contexts of a growing dependence on money and commodities, unequal access to education and jobs, large-scale out-migration, the material requirements of the local church, and church regulations concerning social behaviour. The social ideology is also extended to sorcerers, ancestral ghosts, bush spirits, and Christian divinities. The analysis shows that Maisin experience indigenous and Christian elements as realities that exist within a single religious field. Working from the premise that religion is an aspect of the people's total experience and not a separate cultural institution or sub-system, the thesis explores the modes by which the Maisin create and discover coherence between the various elements within the religious field. The most important points and occasions of religious coherence are those in which the moral precepts of the social ideology are joined with conceptions of spiritual entities towards the explanation and resolution of problems. Three "religious precipitates", as these moments of coherence are termed, are analysed: the village church, healing practices, and death rites. A major finding of this study is that Maisin articulate their assumptions about local sorcerers, ghosts, and spirits within idioms of conflict between kin and affinal groupings, but speak of God, Christ and the church as symbols of community solidarity. The village church is analysed as a point of convergence of the social ideology, economic aspirations, memories of past interactions with missionaries, and Christian teachings and forms. The primary religious importance of the church is as a condensed symbol of communitas that transcends the inherited divisions of the social order and the contradictions of present political and economic conditions.
Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Thieberger, Nicholas. "Topics in the grammar and documentation of South Efate an Oceanic language of Central Vanuatu /." [Melbourne, Australia] : Dept. of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, Univerity of Melbourne, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000492/01/SouthEfatePhD.pdf.

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Landweer, Martha Lynn. "A Melanesian perspective on mechanisms of language maintenance and shift : case studies from Papua New Guinea." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429294.

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Malasa, Donald Papaku. "Effective School Leadership: An exploration of the issues inhibiting the effectiveness of school leadership in Solomon Islands' secondary schools." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2429.

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This study investigates issues impeding effective school leadership in Solomon Islands' secondary schools. In particular, it examines principals' perceptions of those issues that impede their effective leadership of their schools. There is an international literature focusing on this area that has contributed to the study. However, many of the research findings in western contexts are invalid in the context of a developing nation such as the Solomon Islands. Thus contextual specificity was an important underlying factor in the study. The research data was gathered using qualitative methods. Specifically, interviews with five principals were conducted using semi-structured interviews and was analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The research fieldwork was carried out in the Solomon Islands in August 2006. A sample of five participants was used. They were selected from five schools representing Community High Schools (CHS) and senior Provincial Secondary Schools (PSS) in two provinces and the Honiara City Council. The key findings of the study identify a range of factors that inhibit effective school leadership. These included a lack of initial training and support for on-going professional learning, unfavourable conditions of service, poor quality of teachers' professional practice, poor school facilities and infrastructure, poor administrative infrastructure, lack of appropriate and adequate financial resources, lack of support personnel, policy and systemic issues, social and cultural issues, and issues pertaining to school-community partnerships. Based on the findings identified in the study, recommendations were made on how to improve effective leadership of the schools throughout the Solomon Islands. Of particular importance is the establishment of professional development programmes for both newly appointed and servicing principals. Such programmes should enhance the leadership capacity of the principals in the schools and create a more conducive learning environment.
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Tiki, Samson. "Perceptions of bribery versus gifts within the government departments of Papua New Guinea." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/121496/2/Samson_Tiki_Thesis.pdf.

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The study explores the perceptions of bribery versus gifts among senior public servants within Papua New Guinea's (PNG's) government departments. PNG is considered to have high levels of corruption. The study used an accountability framework and the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) to explore incidents of bribery and gifts by interviewing 11 senior public servants (7 males and 4 females). Findings show that most of the public servants acknowledged bribery exists in PNG's public sector. The perceived reasons were fast-track, quick-money, and sustain-living. Given the Melanesian culture of gift-exchange and reciprocity, bribery is often confused. Hence, public servants defer payment of bribes to take as gifts after delivery of public goods and services. The findings provide important insights for policymakers within PNG's government departments to develop policies and introduce changes.
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Zaku, Atkin. "The roles of Melanesians in the development of the Church in Melanesia 1925-1975." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2013. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/3f3b4df0a689dc5cf35ab66bb53e745d9274303f5b85cb001990664e72bcae07/2374678/ZAKU_ATKIN_2013.pdf.

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The Church of Melanesia has been independent for almost forty years and to date, no detailed examination of the roles of the Melanesians in the development of the church in Melanesia has been available. While most missionaries were aware of the importance of the roles of Melanesians, their writings did not focus on this reality. This research is therefore done to expose what seems to be a ‘silent’ subject. The research is historical, anthropological, sociological, and missiological/theological. It attempts to answer questions pertaining to the subject of this thesis by examining the people of Melanesia and their society in relation to God through their participation in the church. The initial primary goal of the Melanesian mission was the ‘development of the whole humanity’ embedded in the ethos of ‘true religion, sound learning and useful industry.’ The Melanesian undertakings through the Melanesian Brotherhood (MBH), education institutions, healthcare services, Taroniara industrial development and the local village communities were guided by these principles. Three common themes continue to re-emerge in this thesis. ..
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Books on the topic "Melanesian"

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Melanesian religion. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Melanesian Institute for Pastoral & Socio-Economic Service, ed. Melanesian religion and Christianity. Goroka, Papua New Guinea: Melanesian Institute, 2008.

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Burridge, Kenelm. Mambu: A Melanesian millennium. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1995.

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Melanesian Association of Theological Schools. Melanesian journal of theology: Journal of the Melanesian Association of Theological Schools. [Goroka, Papua New Guinea]: The Association, 1985.

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Filer, Colin. A bibliography of Melanesian bibliographies. University, NCD, Papua New Guinea: University of Papua New Guinea, Dept. of Anthropology and Sociology, 1990.

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Verhaar, John W. M., ed. Melanesian Pidgin and Tok Pisin. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.20.

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R, Rivers W. H. The history of Melanesian society. Mansfield Center, CT: Martino Pub., 2007.

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Filer, Colin. A bibliography of Melanesian bibliographies. University, NCD, Papua New Guinea: University of Papua New Guinea, Dept of Anthropology and Sociology, 1990.

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MacDonald, Mary N. Mararoko: A study in Melanesian religion. New York: P. Lang, 1990.

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Goulden, Rick J. The Melanesian content in Tok Pisin. Canberra, A.C.T., Australia: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Melanesian"

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Peregrine, Peter N. "Melanesian." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 252–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1189-2_26.

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Hobbis, Geoffrey. "Digitizing the Melanesian Family." In The Digitizing Family, 3–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34929-5_1.

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Sanga, Kabini, and Martyn Reynolds. "Melanesian Tok Stori Research." In Springer Texts in Education, 303–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04394-9_48.

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Hobbis, Geoffrey. "The Sociotechnical System of Melanesian Smartphones." In The Digitizing Family, 191–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34929-5_9.

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Fortis, Paolo, and Susanne Küchler. "Biographical relations in Amerindian and Melanesian societies." In Time and Its Object, 129–47. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003158806-2-6.

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Milsom, John. "New Guinea and the Western Melanesian Arcs." In The Ocean Basins and Margins, 551–605. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2351-8_12.

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Strathern, Marilyn. "Artefacts of history: Events and the interpretation of images." In Culture and History in the Pacific, 25–44. Helsinki University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33134/hup-12-5.

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By discussing the reactions of Melanesians to the arrival of Europeans, this article raises some queries against anthropological perceptions of historical process. In evoking Melanesian "images", a set of perceptions is presented, which poses problems for the division of labour between social/cultural anthropologists and those concerned with material culture of the kind that finds its way to museums. The result of the division has been that anthropologists have hidden from themselves possible sources of insight into the processes by which people such as the Melanesian of Papua New Guinea deal with social change, and change themselves.
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MacDonald, M. "Melanesian Religions." In Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics, 1–4. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-044854-2/00764-1.

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"Melanesian Religions." In The World's Religions, 857–67. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203168554-58.

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Crook, Tony. "Methodology After the Event: Weiner, Symbolic Obviation, and the Foi and Strathern, Gender of the Gift, and the Hagen moka." In Anthropological Knowledge, Secrecy and Bolivip, Papua New Guinea. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264003.003.0003.

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This chapter provides two ethnographic examples of anthropologists reflexively incorporating Melanesian aesthetics and energetics into their interpretations by making distinctive borrowings from Melanesian practices. In James F. Weiner's portrayal, Foi perceive the world as constituted by various forms of ‘a flow of vital energies, forces and relationships’. He suggests that men and women engage flow in distinctive ways. Foi takes human sociality, its ‘rules’, as ‘given’ or ‘innate’. Marilyn Strathern's The Gender of the Gift: Problems with Women and Problems with Society in Melanesia presents an original line of theoretical reasoning prompted by an ‘impasse in [the] comparative anthropology of Melanesia’. Mt Hagen is the ground by which The Gender of the Gift is figured. Strathern shares Ongka's awareness that exchanges are dependent upon producers: a husband with moka ambitions has to be an equally enthusiastic sweet-potato gardener, helping his wife to provide fodder for the pigs she will grow into prestigious gifts. An effect of The Gender of the Gift has been that much of what it has to teach has been incorporated by Melanesianists.
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Conference papers on the topic "Melanesian"

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Tjuka, Annika, Lena Weißmann, and Kilu von Prince. "Tagging modality in Oceanic languages of Melanesia." In Proceedings of the 13th Linguistic Annotation Workshop. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-4008.

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Purwanti, Retno. "BAHASA AUSTRONESIA DARI SUMATERA." In Seminar Nasional Arkeologi 2019. Balai Arkeologi Jawa Barat, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24164/prosiding.v3i1.7.

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Austronesia merupakan suku bangsa terbesar yang mendiami wilayah Indonesia. Kajian mengenai tanah asal suku bangsa melayu-polynesia ini menarik dikaji dari berbagai aspek, baik dari arkeologi, sejarah, dan bahasa. Bahasa sebagai alat untuk menyampaikan ide dan pesan antar manusia mulai muncul pada permulaan abad ke Sembilan belas. Marsden berpendapat bahwa penduduk kepulauan Pasifik berasal dari Asia (dari wilayah Tartar). Hanya penduduk dibagian barat kepulauan pasifik yang ia maksudkan tentu Melanesia kemungkinan besar berasal dari irian. Tonggak pegangan Marsden lebih condong pada pertimbangan terhadap kesukubangsaan dari pada fakta kebahasaan. Setelah itu muncul beberapa teori mengenai asal usul bahasa. Kajian terbaru menganggap bahwa asal usul bahasa Austronesia dari Kalimantan. Bahkan ada yang mengatakan dari Sumatera. Hampir semua kajian bahasa didasarkan pada aspek linguistik dan tidak menyertakan data materi. Penelitian terhadap prasasti dan manuskrip yang terdapat di Sumatera bagian Selatan sejak tahun 2009-2019 memberikan gambaran bahwa bahasa Melayu sudah digunakan di daerah ini pada abad ke-7 Masehi. Prasasti-prasasti dari masa Kedatuan Sriwijaya sebagian besar menggunakan bahasa Melayu. Pada masa kemudian ditemukan prasasti-prasasti yang dituliskan pada timah, tanduk, rotan, dan bambu yang ditulis dengan menggunakan aksara lokal dan menggunakan bahasa Melayu. Di Sumatera Selatan sampai tahun 2019 ini tercatat ada 54 bahasa pengakuan (Melayu). Jumlah tersebut belum termasuk bahasa yang digunakan pada prasasti-prasasti dan manuskrip yang ditemukan di Jambi dan Bengkulu. Berdasarkan bukti-bukti prasasti dan manuskrip dapat diduga bahwa bahasa Melayu berasal dari Sumatera.
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