Relevant bibliographies by topics / Melaka

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Melaka'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Melaka"

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Mokhtar, Noor aisyah, and Kamarul afizi Kosman. "MELAKA MALAY CITY BEFORE 1511 BASED ON PORTUGUESE SKETCHES." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i2.765.

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Research Highlights The Melaka Malay Sultanate Empire is often referred as a glorious empire of various administrative, economic, and physical aspects. The Melaka Malay City in the context of this paper refers to Bandar Melaka during the reign of the Melaka Malay Sultanate, which was originally from Bukit Melaka which houses Melaka Palace to the surrounding area. Based on research, mapping of the Melaka city can be divided into three hierarchy with clear separation morphology. The first hierarchy is the Melaka harbor extending from the coast to the settlement and the city of Melaka. The second hierarchy is the administrative area of Melaka, the mosque as a center of knowledge and da'wah, bridges that connects area and as economic activities’ space for traders and residents of Melaka. The third hierarchy is the area deeper into Melaka forest that had orchard houses of Melaka’s residents, agricultural area and settlements of most Melaka residents. ________________________________________________________________ Research Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine and interpret the picture of the Melaka City based on the sources of Portuguese sketches and paintings which are believed as trustworthy and valid sources. This paper aims to unravel the historical records of the Portuguese in order to locate and map the Melaka municipal plan before the collapse of the Melaka Malay empire into the hands of the Portuguese. Criteria of a Malay city (Husin Mutalib, 1993) and the Islamic Township in the context of the Malay Archipelago (Tajuddin Rasdi, 2003) are the municipal definitions used in internal argument when extracting and interpreting historical records into the map of the Melaka Malay municipal plan. All significant historical records will be discussed to map Melaka’s city plan in terms of environmental, physical, socio-cultural and other related aspects. The implications of this study can be a catalyst for continuous and deeper research to know about Melaka City’s physical background and skyline during the era of the Malay Sultanate. Conclusively, the Melaka Malay City before the Portuguese’s conquest was likely to be a physical civilization and should be examined and explicitly evidenced in rebuilding the Melaka Malay civilization that had long been established. Methodology The method focused in this paper is through debates on sketches and drawings obtained. Then contrasted and combined with historical records relating to Melaka City or events related to the sketches and paintings. In the process of reviewing and interpreting the paperwork, various aspects and methods are used to find the most suitable matches and comparisons that accurately or almost accurately reflect the Melaka municipality. Portuguese portraits and paintings obtained from diverse sources are analyzed according to historical and architectural methods. Later, historical records of Melaka and the townships from Malay and archipelago sources, Portuguese and Dutch were the backbone of Melaka municipalities. As a reinforcement, this municipal study was revamped back to the past maps and the latest satellite maps to illustrate Melaka's area and the past with the current Melaka map (Izani, M., Bridges, A., & Razak, A., 2009). Results The evidence and illustration of the Melaka City (Kota Melaka) presented in this paper corresponds to the main features of a Malay and Islamic township’s concept (Tajuddin Rasdi, 2003). First, the Melaka City has walls and gates entering the city area as a defense fortress. Secondly, the location of the city center of Melaka, the administrative office, palace and mosque are in a complex and become the center of the whole city and the township. Third, the market and business area are located along the main road, on the bridge, beach and roads. Fourth, there is a separation between public areas and private areas (settlement/houses). The study also shows that the urban plan of Melaka city is not a planned city plan since the reign of the first Sultan of Melaka, but is a city that grows organically according to the current and growing needs of the Malay Empire Melaka (Yusoff Hashim, 2012). It starts at the beach and Bukit Melaka, then expanded to Kampung Upeh Village, Kampung Leleh Village, Sabak, Bertam and then extending to the foot of Mount Ledang. The development and layout features of this Melaka City are in line with its function as an entrepot city which have various facilities for administrative, commercial and economic activities, daily activities and settlement of diverse groups (Pintado. M. J. (2012). Findings The Melaka city's gross urban planning during Melaka Malay Sultanate era is too complicated to be presented in detail. Although only based on historical records, the municipal gross plan is seen to match and resemble the picture of paintings and sketches described in most historical records. The development, distribution of population based on historical records, and the number of activities carried out during the reign of the Melaka Malay Sultanate could be the basis of the argument to the depiction of the Melaka city (Kota Melaka) municipal plan. Indeed, further studies with scientific methods should be done in order to get more accurate details.
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Widiastuti, Nela. "TOURISM COMMUNICATION IN INDONESIA SOCIAL MEDIA." SENGKUNI Journal (Social Science and Humanities Studies) 1, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37638/sengkuni.1.1.30-36.

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Melaka is known to have historical values, even the beginning of the birth of Malaysia began in this country. Melaka is also known as the main maritime trade center in this region precisely in the 16th century. Traders from various countries such as Arab, China, India and Europe also came to Malacca to trade silk, spices, gold and porcelain. Therefore on July 7, 2008 UNECSO recognized Melaka as a World Heritage City State together with Georgetown, the State of Penang. Now, Melaka is here to offer a variety of tourism products based on 13 Tourism Product Sub-Sectors, including History, Culture, Recreation, Sports, Shopping, Conventions, Health, Education, Agro Tourism, Culinary, Melaka My Second House, Youth Tourism and Ecotourism. With the theme "Touring Historical Melaka Means Visiting Malaysia" and "Melaka Bandaraya Melaka UNESCO World Heritage" Melaka offers a variety of cultural uniqueness such as Malay, Chinese, Indian, Portuguese, Peranakan, Chitti and others. To further enhance the Melaka tourism industry, the Melaka State Government took the initiative to launch Visit Melaka Year 2019 (VMY 2019) which aims to showcase the culture and uniqueness of Melaka through "Melaka A Gateway to Historic Malaysia". This research explores forms of tourism communication in the 2019 Melaka Visit Program launched by the government, Malaysia, with a case study on tourists. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Research data collection using interview methods, involved observation and literature study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Melaka tourism communication strategy launched by the government, through a number of communication channels, one of them through social media. The results showed that social media has a significant role in creating emotional experiences about the tourist attractions they visit..
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Mokhtar, Noor aisyah, and Kamarul afizi Kosman. "EXISTENCE OF MELAKA MALAY (FORT) CITY BASED ON A’FAMOSA." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i2.732.

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Research Highlights Despite of many historical records from Portuguese about the physical of Melaka Malay City, its existence is still doubtful since there is no clear physical evidence that can be used as basis support to its existence. However, to prove that the city was existed, various physical and scientific evidence are required to prove its existence. Thus, this study aims to identify historical evidence that mentioned its existence which based on the first painting of A’Famosa (Malacca Fort City during Portuguese era). The study proposed three hypothesis and results indicated there is a postivie outcome to prove that the Melaka Malay City existed on and around Bukit Melaka (or St Paul Hill now) based on historical records and sketches found. Research Objectives This paper attempts to uncover and reveal the historical evidence of Melaka Malay (Fort) City before the city was destroyed and rebuilt according to Portuguese terms. This paper was created to identify the differences between designs and layout plans between the Malacca Malay (Fort) City and the world-renowned Fort A’Famosa, thus comparing the hypothesis arguments about the existence of Melaka City. Indeed, there is a clear distinction between the design, layout, character and philosophy of the Malay and Portuguese cities. The scope focuses only on the site of the physical building (which is believed to be historical evidence) of the city at the Melaka River’s estuary where important and significant buildings during Melaka Malay empire was constructed – the palace, mosque, administration buildings, harbors, and different kind of settlements. There is a great probability of continuing this study into the use of satellite technology in determining and identifying the Melaka Malay City with more precise and accurate details. The implication of this study can be a catalyst for continuous and deeper research on the original site of the Melaka Malay City as to prove the validity of its existences. Methodology In an effort to discuss the existence of this Melaka Malay City, various aspects and methods were conducted to find the most suitable matches and comparisons that almost accurately describe their design then prove its existence. The remains and plans of Melaka City today since the British era will be the basis of its existence. Hence, the study of historical records and sketches of the Melaka City from the Dutch government and subsequently the Portuguese will be made to seek physical evidence of the earliest design of Melaka City. Later, the historical records of the city from Malay Archipelago, Chinese, Portuguese and Dutch sources will be depicted in city design. As a reinforcement, the philosophy of urban design in the Malay World is highlighted as well as presenting the comparison between the other Malay Kingdoms and the Melaka Malay City. Results The foundations of the Malay cities basically were designed in square or rectangular shape, no matter how far the city was set up (Abdul Halim Nasir, 1990). This is in line with the philosophy in the Malay world that associated with a simple yet sufficient form of compassion that covers the various aspects of the Malay community's facilities and their living that are synonymous with modular systems (Yusoff Hashim, 2010). The first Fort A'Famosa built by the Portuguese was rectangular (G.W.Irwin, 2006). Its position was below the foot of Bukit Melaka and along the estuary of the Melaka River which is also near the bridge stretching the mouth of the Melaka River (Portuguese Documents of Malacca, 11: 6 de Goes, para 11). The city of A'Famosa in the painting has a relatively six-tower on the corner of the city near the bridge. Whereas city fort or bastion on three other city corners are two-storey building. A’Famosa was built on the site of the Great Mosque of Melaka (Portuguese Documents of Malacca, 11: 6 de Goes, the 25th) which features a rectangular shape as the custom of mosques designs in the Malay Archipelago realm at that time, then the A'Famosa was originally built in rectangular over the ruins (or damage) of the Great Mosque Malacca after the success of Portuguese colonization. Findings The research showed that the design of Melaka City or A'Famosa City was in square or rectangular shape as it was built on the ruins of the Great Mosque of Melaka. The rectangular fort design was synonym with the design of other Malay forts or cities as it was a fundamental design tradition in the Malay world from fourth century until the later centuries after the collapse of Melaka empire either in Malay clusters. This coincides with the urban philosophy and design of the Malay and Islamic city that breed in the Malay Archipelago region at that time.
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Haimi Mohd Adnan, Airil, and Indrani Arunasalam Sathasivam Pillay. "The Malay Language ‘Pantun’ of Melaka Chetti Indians in Malaysia: Malay Worldview, Lived Experiences and Hybrid Identity." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.8n.2p.15.

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The Melaka Chetti Indians are a small community of ‘peranakan’ (Malay meaning ‘locally born’) people in Malaysia. The Melaka Chettis are descendants of traders from the Indian subcontinent who married local women, mostly during the time of the Melaka Malay Empire from the 1400s to 1500s. The Melaka Chettis adopted the local lingua franca ‘bahasa Melayu’ or Malay as their first language together with the ‘adat’ (Malay meaning ‘customs’) of the Malay people, their traditional mannerisms and also their literary prowess. Not only did the Melaka Chettis successfully adopted the literary traditions of the Malay people, they also adapted these arts forms to become part of their own unique hybrid identities based on their worldviews and lived experiences within the Malay Peninsula or more famously known as the Golden Chersonese / Khersonese. Based on our one year plus fieldwork in ‘Kampung Chetti’ or Chetti Village in the state of Melaka, Malaysia where we carried out extensive oral history interviews and several focus group discussion sessions, in this empirical paper we share and critically analyse some traditional Malay pantuns that we collected from this community, and present them as notable contributions to the Malay literary canon.
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MUHAMMAD SAERI, DR MUHAMMAD SAERI, M. HUM. "CHALLENGE IN SECURITY ARRANGEMENT OF MELAKA STRAITS." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 3, no. 2 (March 16, 2020): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v3i2.85.

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ABSTRACT Melaka Strait is a border area of some South East Asia countries, especially three countires which get in touch directly with this area that are Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. Melaka Strait as a suit region for the three countries has strategik position in many aspects, especially ideology, security, and economiy. According to idiological aspect Melaka Strait is a part of teritory of the three countries which dealing with their sovereignty. Based on this principal, Indonesia and Malaysia considered that Malaka Strait is integrate to the sovereignty of these coutries, so that security arrangement of the strait should submit to the regulation authority of the both coutries. In difference side, Singapore considers that security management of Melaka Strait is not dealing with states sovereignty, and put Malaka Straits into international security management will never disturb the sovereignty of the coutries surrounding the strait. Singapore believe that international cooperation of Malaka Strait management with others maritime power is needed. Considered to security aspect, Melaka Straits is one of regions with high risk and high cases robbery in the world. Until this time Indonesia , Malaysia, and Singapore are not able perfectly yet to stop the robbery strike problems in Melaka Straits. The development of political scurity today also put Melaka Straits into open position to get negative impact of South Cina Sea konflict dealing with Spratly Islands between Cina and several ASEAN countries. Malaka Straits also came open to be a target of terrorisme attact, althou real indication to this case is not found yet. Melaka Straits considered to economy aspect, is a crowded shipping line area which passed through by international voyages. As an international trading line this straits conduct significant role as a supporting factor of world economy development. The strategik position of Malaka straits give a very big impact to economy development of countries surrounding this area. According to this important role, so that security of Melaka Straits should to become reality, and this matter is challenge to Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore.
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Hasan, Zunaidah Ab, Azhana Othman, Khalilah Ibrahim, Mohd Ab Malek Md Shah, and Abd Halim Mohd Noor. "Management of Waqf Assets in Malaysia." International Journal of Nusantara Islam 1, no. 2 (December 15, 2015): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v3i1.412.

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Waqf is one of the main mechanism in providing support for the development to all levels of the ummah more so for the underprivileged. Waqf institutions in Malaysia are under the jurisdiction of the 14 states rather than the Federal government. This paper reviews the development of waqf in Melaka, one of the states in Malaysia. It discusses a brief historical background, function and legal aspects of waqf matters. A brief information on the structure and administration of waqf in Melaka, Baitulmal is responsible for the sake of administering and managing such waqf assets in Melaka is also presented. This study is also concerned with examining of the current situation of development waqf asset; which is known as waqf saham in Melaka through the record by Majlis Agama Islam Melaka (MAIM). Yet, it is undeniably true that some challenges and impediments pertaining to the issues of developing waqf assets; inter alia, lack of fund and expertise, poor documentation and the record value of waqf property and others.
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Lawless, Julie Williams. "Melaka as a Cultural Landscape." Journal of Space and Communication 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15340/2148172511920.

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Wulandari, Prisca Kiki. "Strategi Raya Sriwijaya dan Melaka." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v5i1p159-166.

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This study attempted to explore the political strategy of two Malay kingdoms, Srivijaya and Malacca, which was seen from the theory of grand strategy. The library research was used to address the main question of grand strategy from two kingdoms. Malacca seemed to continue how did Srivijaya manage the geopolitical balance in the Straits of Malacca. If Srivijaya sent their embassies to the major kingdoms in Asia, Malacca did the same. Malacca also negotiated the friendly relations to the Pasai and Ming Dynasty of Cina. Social life either during Srivijayan or Malaccan times depended on maritime activities. Both kingdoms initiated an alliance with the seafaring communities, seamen, and pirates, to decrease the trading risk and attracted the merchants to populate both port-cities. These historical patterns are not merely a public memory but an invaluable lesson for national defense for this country.
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Williams, Tim. "Melaka and World Heritage Status." Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 12, no. 3 (August 2010): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/175355210x12838583775301.

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Abdullah, Jamalunlaili, Intan Zahida Ahmad Mustaza, and Che Bon Ahmad. "Public Acceptance and Participation in Melaka Green Technology City State in Melaka Tengah District." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 3, no. 9 (November 22, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i9.1548.

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Initiatives of sustainable development require acceptance and participation of the people. This is crucial for Melaka state in Malaysia which wants to be a Green Technology City State by 2020 by embarking on various green initiatives. This paper evaluates the people’s acceptance and participation of these programs. Observations, responses from 152 samples in Melaka Tengah, and in depth interview of officers were analysed. The study suggests that respondents are aware of the green city’s vision, mostly from social media. The popular initiatives are Melaka Without Plastic Bag and Polystyrene, Green Transportation and 2+1 Recycling Program. However, the level of people’s involvement in the green initiative introduced is relatively low.Keywords: Green Technology Sustainable City (GTSC); sustainable development; public’s acceptance and participation; Melaka eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i9.1548
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Melaka"

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Zainal, Abidin Mohamad Izani. "Conjectural reconstruction of the A Famosa Fortress in Melaka." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2011. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17838.

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Said, Shahrul Yani. "Base line methods of assessment for heritage-led regeneration: Melaka and George Town." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579555.

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The state of conservation practice and the fate of historic buildings and cities reflect the critical issue of the value of heritage in Malaysia. The idea of safeguarding heritage has been far behind the agenda of the government until recent years. This has resulted in physical and cultural heritage loss. The consciousness of the importance of heritage has triggered the implementation of the National Heritage Act 2005 which focuses on safeguarding the nation's heritage. The implementation of the act, however, has been late when compared to the poor state of built heritage in Malaysia. This Base Line research focuses on how the conservation of heritage can lead to the regeneration of historic cities. The study seeks to identify the important characteristics of historic cities which give them identity and to examine the relationship between the conservation of historic buildings and the regeneration of historic cities, particularly in Malaysia, in order to understand the elements which should be taken into consideration in regeneration or redevelopment schemes carried out within historic cities. The scope of the research covers both theoretical and practical aspects of conservation practice and regeneration initiatives of historic cities, specifically relevant to Malaysia, taking into consideration social, cultural, political, and economic aspects and stakeholders' aspirations. This thesis explains the relationship between conservation of historic buildings and regeneration of historic cities by looking at the examples of regeneration schemes in the UK and development proposals by local authorities in Malaysia. The results from the study give an understanding of the scenario in the historic areas in Melaka and George Town, to assess whether the conservation proposals carried out have improved the area and have helped in regenerating the economy of the area, thus, to providing a baseline to demonstrate that the conservation of historic buildings can lead to the regeneration of historic areas in Malaysia.
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Ismail, Hairul Nizam. "Planning for urban tourism in developing countries : a case of Melaka (Malacca) City, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426373.

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Ismail, Mohd Hafizal. "Local community involvement in cultural heritage management : a case study of Melaka Heritage Trail, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/local-community-involvement-in-cultural-heritage-management(d60003ee-7533-467c-a208-747b6316a1a4).html.

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The sustainability of cultural heritage management of the resources is strongly related to support from local community via participation. It is evident that active community involvement can improve local residents’ quality of life based on better environment, social and economic conditions. However, there is little research into the question of whether the involvement of local community in heritage management derives from a genuine interest and desires to protect and conserve their local heritage assets. In the case of Malaysia, a truly local community collaborative approach is often limited due to the ways in which the community in question is conceptualised and involved in the process. In other words, local community involvement is extremely rare because they have been neglected especially in the decision making process. This has created a negative relationship between local community and government authorities in resource conservation. Therefore, it is pivotal to investigate the influence of the local community attachment towards heritage, in order to understand the local community involvement in heritage management. The attitudes and perceptions of three groups of respondents were examined by using the concept of heritage trail development, as an illustrative example to triangulate the relationship between local community involvement, government administrative structures and tourists’ experiences. The results revealed that, despite the fact the local community is highly attached to the heritage assets; the level of community involvement in cultural heritage management in Malaysia is low due to operational, structures and cultural limitation to engage the local community in both management and tourism development in the Melaka World Heritage Site. This is to say that the participation approach in Malaysia is highly controlled by the centralised government structure. The research recommends that the authorities consider implementing two major improvements in order to develop and maintain a system of sustainable cultural heritage management: Firstly, to overcome the limitations of community participation in the decision making process. Secondly, to consider the community attachment towards cultural heritage elements, before developing tourist attractions in heritage settings, in terms of residents’ emotional and functional attachments.
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Hussin, Andika Aziz. "The Forum Theatre as a medium of expression of emotion by Malay adolescents in Malaysia : a case study of the two rehabilitation centers in Melaka and Kota Kinabalu." Thesis, University of Hull, 2006. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11080.

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Forum Theatre technique established by Augusto Boal, a well-known Brazilian dramatist, is a kind of social therapy where people are not just watching the play but are also encouraged to participate in the play and give ideas and solutions to the problems. This study focuses on the Forum Theatre as a medium or tool for the Malay adolescents to discuss their social problems creatively and critically. The study discusses the historical background of Theatre of the Oppressed (TO), as well as its components such as Image Theatre, Forum Theatre, Invisible Theatre, the Rainbow of Desire and Legislative Theatre. Forum Theatre has been successfully performed in European countries under the guise of 'Power Play', 'Therapy Play', 'Theatre of Revolution' and 'Theatre for Social Change'. Theatre of the Oppressed, especially the Forum Theatre, is generally unknown in Malaysian society and the approach needs to be introduced and explained in some detail. By having a comprehensive description of the Theatre of the Oppressed, the Malaysian reader will be able to understand the technique and approach in a deeper sense. As the research is about the implementation of Forum approach with adolescents, studies also concentrated on several theories of adolescent behavior and development from several perspectives and fields. The world of adolescents is confusing and complex and differs between countries. This study allows a better understanding on the complexity of Malay adolescence. The study focuses in general on the dilemma of the Malay traditional system of culture and norms that has been developed for centuries which has affected the adolescents' way of life. The study criticizes some of the customs (adat) that have caused Malays, and especially adolescents, to be incompetent and silent. Several opinions from various sources were quoted to support the ideas. The application of the original Forum approach in Malaysia is complicated because there is lack of written references available in the country. To implement the approach in Malaysia some modification and adjustment were made by adapting several other therapeutic approaches such as Psychodrama and Playback Theatre. To verify the effectiveness of the adapted approach, workshops with the troubled adolescents in the two rehabilitation centres known as Tunas Bakti Schools (STB) were conducted. The data gathered in the workshops were analyzed to determine the reception of the approach by the society and especially by the adolescents. Results from these two workshops were studied and analyzed and a new adapted approach appropriate for the Malaysian context has been constructed. The outcome will provide a model for Malaysians interested in applying the technique in future.
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Loh, S. H., and n/a. "Resettlement training and factors affecting employment of ex-servicemen in Malaysia - a case study." University of Canberra. Education, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050426.140714.

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Unemployment was a major problem faced by the ex-servicemen in Malaysia since the early seventies. Recognising the needs of ex-servicemen, the government through the organisation of the Veterans Affairs Division (VAD) introduced the resettlement program for the ex-servicemen with the aim of assisting the veterans to find employment. However despite the implementation of training programs, the rate of unemployment among the ex-servicemen was relatively very high, whilst the extent of the as well as the underlying factors remained unknown, with the resultant ambiguity of the role of VAD. This case study was designed to investigate issues related to the employment situation of the ex-servicemen by surveying those in the capital territory of Kuala Lumpur and the states of Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Melaka, who participated in resettlement training and were discharged in 1993. In addition the states of Johor, Perak and Penang were included for the survey on the non participants of resettlement training. The study found that the rate of employment of the ex-servicemen in the states surveyed was substantially lower than that of the national average. The study also found that participation in the resettlement training organised by the VAD had significant effect on increasing the rate of employment besides higher income, shorter period of unemployment, better readjustment and higher satisfaction with civilian life. Among the factors analysed, ability to speak English and the economic activity and the stage of development of the states were found to have significance influence on the rate of employment. Other factors found to be associated with the employment of the ex-servicemen included age, education level, rank, urban or rural background, and matching of training to application. Based on the findings of this case study recommendations were made to improve the selectivity of, and access to, resettlement training by all ex-servicemen. Other recommendations included improving the standard of education and spoken English before discharge, lowering age of discharge with pension, provision of information related to employment and counselling service, setting up of data bank of ex-servicemen and further research.
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Mickaël, Mockey. "IMMUNOTHÉRAPIE ANTITUMORALE PAR TRANSFERT DE L'ARN MESSAGER DE L'ANTIGÈNE MELANA/MART-1." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00158049.

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Une réponse antitumorale suite à l'induction de lymphocytes T cytotoxiques peut être générée après transfert in vitro ou directement in vivo d'ARNm d'antigènes tumoraux dans les cellules dendritiques (DCs). Cependant, peu de vecteurs permettent une introduction efficace d'ARNm dans les DCs. Nous avons élaboré des nanoparticules d'ARNm avec des polymères cationiques histidylés (polyplexes), des lipides cationiques histidylés (lipoplexes) ou un mélange des deux (lipopolyplexes). Ces vecteurs deviennent fusiogènes en milieu acide et favorisent la délivrance de l'ARNm dans le cytosol lors de son endocytose. Une optimisation de l'ARNm en ajoutant en 5' une coiffe 3'-O-méthyl-m75'GpppS'G (ARCA) et en 3' une queue de 100 adénosines (A 100) a permis la synthèse d'un transcrit ARCA-ARNm-A 100 qui permet une bonne expression de l'antigène dans les DCs. La polyéthylèneimine hisidylée a été identifiée comme étant un bon agent de transfert de l'ARNm de l'antigène du mélanome MART-1 dans les DCs matures in vitro. Pour une vaccination par injection directe de l'ARNm codant l'antigène, nous avons développé de nouvelles nanoparticules tripartites (lipopolyplexes) correspondant à des polyplexes d'ARNm ARCA-MART1-A100 avec un dérivé PEGylé de la polylysine histidylée encapsulés dans des liposomes histidylés. Par injection systémique, ces lipopolyplexes induisent un effet protecteur spécifique et significatif contre la progression tumorale cutanée et métastatique pulmonaire du mélanome murin B16F10. La mise en place d'une réponse immune de type Thl avec une forte sécrétion d'IFN-y et une activité T cytotoxique a pu être mise en évidence montrant ainsi l'intérêt des lipopolyplexes histidylés.
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Mirdamadi, Melika [Verfasser]. "Strahlenbelastung und Strahlenreduktionsmaßnahmen bei der Implantation von Herzschrittmachern und Defibrillatoren / Melika Mirdamadi." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241538247/34.

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González, Tinoco Noe, and Jaramillo Ciro Benítez. "SUPLEMENTACIÓN CON MELAZA A VACAS DE DOBLE PROPÓSITO EN LA ÉPOCA DE ESTIAJE, EN ZACAZONAPAN MÉXICO." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/64974.

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Abstract:
El objetivo del presente trabajo fue, evaluar la respuesta productiva y económica de vacas de doble propósito a la suplementación con melaza durante el estiaje en Zacazonapan. El estudio se realizó en la época de estiaje (febrero a mayo) del año 2015 en una unidad doble propósito ubicada en el municipio de Zacazonapan, ésta se encuentra localizada al suroeste del Estado de México. Los animales del hato pastorearon un potrero de 100 ha, permaneciendo ahí las 24 horas del día, se utilizó un grupo de 12 vacas de raza Pardo Suizo en el primer tercio de lactación, con un peso promedio de 430±55 kilogramos de peso vivo, condición corporal similar de 1.5 y promedio de 3.2±1.8 partos, asignadas aleatoriamente a cada uno de los dos tratamientos, teniendo 6 vacas por tratamiento. El tratamiento control (TxCtr) incluyó 111g por kilogramo de suplemento de pasta de soya y 889 g de mazorca de maíz (incluye grano, hoja y olote), Y el segundo denominado tratamiento melaza (TxMe) que incluyó 177 g de melaza, 107 g de pasta de soya y 717 g de mazorca de maíz por kg de tratamiento; a ambos tratamientos se les adicionó 100.6 gr de Urea vaca/día. Se tuvieron 10 periodos experimentales de 7 días cada uno, las variables de respuesta animal (producción de leche, composición de leche, condición corporal y peso corporal) se registraron al final de cada periodo. Las variables de respuesta productiva se analizaron en un diseño estadístico completamente al azar con un modelo con medidas repetidas, mediante el procedimiento Mixed Model de SAS, tomando como factores fijos tratamiento y periodo experimental y como factor aleatorio la vaca. Los ingresos netos de la leche debido a los suplementos se estimaron utilizando el enfoque de presupuestos parciales. La producción promedio de leche fue de 6.41 (kg/vaca/día) con 28.33, 29.82 y 42.43 (g/kg de leche) de grasa, proteína y lactosa respectivamente. El peso promedio fue de 428.49 kg/vaca se encontraron diferencias significativas cuando la melaza fue incluida en el suplemento, el rendimiento de leche fue estadísticamente diferente (P=0.04). Por lo que se concluye que la inclusión de melaza mejoro el rendimiento de leche en vacas doble propósito, pero no económica, debido a que el margen neto de ganancia de producción por litro de leche no representan una diferencia considerable.
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Maranzatto, Camila Fernandes Pollo. "Desenvolvimento e validação de um questionário multidimensional de avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada ao melasma (HRQ-Melasma)." Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136388.

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Orientador: Silmara Meneguin
Coorientador: Hélio Amante Miot
Resumo: Tratou-se de um estudo metodológico que utilizou análises quantitativa e qualitativa com o objetivo de construir e validar um questionário multidimensional para avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada ao melasma (HRQ-Melasma). Considerando que existe apenas um instrumento específico disponível na literatura para avaliar a QV em melasma e que o mesmo não foi desenvolvido seguindo os passos clássicos da psicometria, esse trabalho tornou-se indispensável ao ser desenvolvido com base na percepção simbólica dos pacientes e especialistas da área. A amostra foi constituída por cinco especialistas titulados pela Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia e 154 portadores de melasma facial. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi composto por duas fases. A primeira, uma fase qualitativa, onde se realizou um grupo focal com os especialistas da área para a definição das dimensões e posteriormente um grupo focal com portadores de melasma facial, para a definição dos itens preliminares através da percepção simbólica dos mesmos frente às manchas. Na segunda fase, quantitativa, foi apresentado aos participantes o questionário teste (49 itens), MELASQoL-PB, DLQI-BRA, Escala Visual de Incômodo, escore MASI e dados sociodemográficos. Para a redução dos itens foi utilizado o modelo de Rasch pertencente a TRI, excluindo 30 itens que continham pouca informação. A análise da dimensionalidade foi realizada através do ajuste do modelo multidimensional, confirmando a multidimensionalidade do questionário. Par... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This is a methodological study using qualitative and quantitative analyzes aimed to develop and validate a multidimensional questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life related to melasma (HRQ-Melasma). Considering that there is only one specific instrument available in the literature to assess the quality of life in patients with melasma and whose elaboration has not followed classic steps in psychometry, this study has become indispensable to be developed based on the symbolic perception of the patients and experts of the area. The sample consisted of five dermatologists titrated by the Brazilian Society of Dermatology and 154 patients with facial melasma. Data collection consisted of two phases: The first, qualitative phase, where they held a focus group with experts in the field to define the dimensions and then a focus group with people with facial melasma, to define the preliminary items through the symbolic perception of the same face of the spots. In the second phase, quantitative, was presented to the participants the questionnaire test (49 items), MELASQoL-PB, DLQI-BRA, visual scale of nuisance, MASI score and sociodemographic data. The reduction of the items we used the Rasch model belonging to TRI, excluding 30 items that contained little information. The analysis of dimensionality was performed by adjustment the multidimensional model, confirming the multi-dimensionality of the questionnaire. To analyze the reliability and stability over time, we used Cronbach's... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Books on the topic "Melaka"

1

Salleh, Ishak Haji Mohamed. Melaka firsts: Melaka unggul. Batu Berendam, Melaka: Institut Kajian Sejarah dan Patriotisme Malaysia, 2006.

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Adam, Ramlah. Maktab Melayu Melaka, 1900-1922. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, 1991.

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Bakar, Abdul Latiff Abu. Busana Melaka. [Bandar Melaka]: Institut Seni Malaysia Melaka, Biro Sosiobudaya Dunia Melayu Dunia Islam, 2004.

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Semenanjung Malaysia Malaysia. Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa. Melaka City Image. [Kuala Lumpur]: Department of Town and Country Planning Peninsular Malaysia, Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Malaysia, 2003.

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Pusat Sumber Jabatan Ketua Menteri Melaka. Melaka seantero dunia. Ayer Keroh, Melaka, Malaysia: Pusat Sumber Jabatan Ketua Menteri Melaka dan Institut Kajian Sejarah dan Patriotisme Malaysia, 2012.

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Sheppard, Mubin, Tan Sri Datuk, 1905-, ed. Naning in Melaka. Petaling Jaya: Printed for the Council of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society by Eagle Trading Co., 1989.

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Seminar, Kisah Melaka 1511 (2004 Malacca Malacca). Kisah Melaka 1511. Batu Berendam, Melaka: Institut Kajian Sejarah dan Patriotisme Malaysia, 2006.

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Hassan, Hanita. Taman Botanikal Melaka. [Ayer Keroh, Melaka]: Perbadanan Hang Tuah Jaya, 2008.

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Sham, Abu Hassan. Hukum kanun Melaka. [Melaka]: Penerbitan Perbadanan Muzium Melaka, 1995.

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Hasymy, A. Jembatan Selat Melaka. Banda Aceh: Pusat Informasi Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam, Perpustakaan dan Museum Yayasan Pendidikan Ali Hasjmy, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Melaka"

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Looi, Siew-Teip. "Imagined Heritage: Ee Tiang Hong’s “Eternal” Melaka." In Making Heritage in Malaysia, 231–55. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1494-4_9.

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Izani, M., A. Bridges, P. Grant, A. Razak, and A. Rafi. "3D Modelling of the A Famosa Fortress in Melaka, Malaysia." In Digital Heritage, 373–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16873-4_28.

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Rosa, Fernando. "(Dis)connections in Macau and Melaka: Constructing a Lusophone Indian Ocean." In The Portuguese in the Creole Indian Ocean, 115–34. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56626-3_5.

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Lim, Sep Neo. "Essentialising the Convenient Baba-Nyonyas of the Heritage City of Melaka (Malaysia)." In Cultural Essentialism in Intercultural Relations, 153–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137498601_8.

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Manteghi, Golnoosh, Tasneem Mostofa, Ahmad Shukri Yahaya, and Hasanuddin Bin Lamit. "Thermal Comfort Consequence of Pavement Material at Pedestrian Level in Melaka Town." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1–8. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1193-6_1.

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Ebrahim, Zarina Begum, Muna Kameelah Sauid, and Nurul Ain Mustakim. "Relationship Between Leaders’ Role and Lecturers’ Innovative Work Behavior in UiTM Cawangan Melaka." In Islamic perspectives relating to business, arts, culture and communication, 351–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-429-0_33.

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Mohd Nor, Marina, Norzailawati Mohd Noor, and Sadayuki Shimoda. "Street Network Analysis by SPOT Imagery for Urban Morphology Study. Case Study: Melaka." In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017 – Volume 2, 263–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8471-3_26.

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Cipriani, Laura. "The Death and Life of a Tropical Landscape: Envisaging a New Melaka, Malaysia." In Managing the Asian Century, 187–207. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4631-4_11.

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Liu, Sandy J. C. "Violence and Piratical/Surreptitious Activities Associated with the Chinese Communities in the Melaka–Singapore Region (1780–1840)." In Piracy and surreptitious activities in the Malay Archipelago and adjacent seas, 1600-1840, 51–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-085-8_4.

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Hall, Kenneth R. "Contested histories of Ming agency in the Java Sea, Straits of Melaka, and Bay of Bengal region." In The Ming World, 425–42. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019. | Series: The Routledge worlds: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429318719-27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Melaka"

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Sharef, Nurfadhila M., Liu Yun Sheng, Muhammad Khairul Amri Mohd Bukhari, Haryanty Hashim, Ahmad Fahrul Januri, Mat Ismail, Basiron Jalil, Ahmad Sadi, and Mohd Tajudin. "Paleoenvironmental update of straits of Melaka." In International Conference and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, 3-6 April 2016. Society of Exploration Geophysicists and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/ice2016-6501200.1.

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Amira Ariffin, Nor Alina, Poh-Chuin Teo, Theresa C. F. Ho, and Choo Ling Suan. "Memorable Tourist Experience and Satisfaction: A Study in Melaka." In 2020 Second International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Technology and Innovation in Building Designs. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51154.2020.9319969.

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Fern, Yeo Sook. "A Study Of Revisit Intention To Boutique Hotels In Melaka." In AIMC 2017 - Asia International Multidisciplinary Conference. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.05.65.

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Adanan, Akmal, Mohamad Daim Darson, Aida Nur Kodri, and Ahmad Khairuman Md Hasim. "Melaka Century Ride Sporting Event: Why Peripheral Service Quality Turns Them Back on Wheel? (Exploring the dimension of peripheral service quality in Melaka sporting events)." In First Padang International Conference On Economics Education, Economics, Business and Management, Accounting and Entrepreneurship (PICEEBA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/piceeba-18.2018.37.

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Ramli, Afdzal Aizat. "Stress Among Nurses: A Case Study At Healthcare Centers In Melaka." In IEBMC 2017 – 8th International Economics and Business Management Conference. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.07.02.50.

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Hua, Ang Kean. "Implementation Of Sustainable Development Towards Environmental Ecosystem In Melaka River Basin." In International Conference on Humanities. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.02.16.

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BAHAUDDIN, AZIZI, and HAKIMI AHMAD. "SUFISM IN THE ARCHITECTURAL TYPOLOGY OF THE MELAKA TENGKERA MOSQUE, MALAYSIA." In ISLAMIC HERITAGE 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/iha180131.

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Nurhafizah-Azwa, S., and Ahmad A. K. "Biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in Air Terjun Asahan, Asahan, Melaka, Malaysia." In THE 2016 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2016 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966875.

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Kwan, Chong Phooi. "A Sense Of Place Model To Enhance Guided Tour Experience In Melaka." In 13th Asian Academy of Management International Conference 2019. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.98.

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Mustaffa, Fauzan, Peter Woods Charles, Harold Thwaites, Eugene Ch’ng, and Lim Yan Peng. "A Perspective on the 15th Century Melaka Sultanate Bridge: A Reconstruction Studies." In International Conference of Innovation in Media and Visual Design (IMDES 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201202.085.

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Reports on the topic "Melaka"

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Ring, Hannah, Mitchell Morey, Erin Kavanagh, Kevin Kato, Nancy McCarthy, Joshua Brubaker, and Charles Rakotondrafara. Impact evaluation of the Menabe and Melaky development programme in Madagascar. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/tw4.ie74.

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Terskikh, Alexey V. Development of Irreversible Inhibitors of MELK Kinase. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada492687.

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Koning, Lisanne, Léon Šebek, and Jan Dijkstra. Jaarrond gemiddeld fosforgehalte in melk : Jaarrond monitoren van het P-gehalte in melk van de Nederlandse melkveestapel en de mogelijkheid het P-gehalte in melk te schatten uit andere melkbestanddelen. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/476560.

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Daatselaar, C. H. G., and H. Prins. Vernatting Groene Hart: kostprijs melk en CO2-prijs. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/521612.

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Bogaardt, M. J., M. A. van Haaster-de Winter, and G. M. I. Tacken. 'Van melk krijg je geen witte tanden' : Nulmeting van de consumptie van melk, groente en fruit, de kennis van gezonde eetgewoonten en het eet- en drinkgedrag van kinderen in Nederland. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/440413.

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Giardino, Gisela, Natalia A. Dellabianca, and N�stor A. Garc�a. Globicephala melas. En: SAyDS�SAREM (eds.) Categorizaci�n 2019 de los mam�feros de Argentina seg�n su riesgo de extinci�n. Ciudad Aut�noma de Buenos aires: Lista Roja de los mam�feros de Argentina, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31687/saremlr.19.191.

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