Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Méiotique division'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Méiotique division.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Méiotique division"
Emilie Terret, M., and Katja Wassmann. "Le point faible méiotique : la première division." médecine/sciences 24, no. 2 (February 2008): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2008242197.
Full textBoudiaf, A. "Modélisation mathématique de la division méiotique des ovocytes de Xénope induite par la progestérone." RAIRO - Operations Research 24, no. 4 (1990): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/1990240403511.
Full textVerlhac, MH, C. Lefebvre, ME Terret, G. Pahlavan, P. Rassinier, and B. Maro. "L'ovocyte de souris et les particularités des divisions méiotiques." médecine/sciences 17, no. 10 (2001): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/1819.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Méiotique division"
North, Marie-Odile. "Méiose normale et perturbations de la première division méiotique." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05CD03.
Full textHazzouri, Mira. "Étude in situ du remodelage de la chromatine au cours de la différenciation post-méiotique mâle." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10187.
Full textLemonnier, Tom. "Contrôle de l’entrée en division méiotique par les enzymes PKA et PP2A, et leur substrat Arpp19." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS569.
Full textMy thesis aimed at understanding how the female germ cell, or oocyte, resume meiotic divisions. In the animal kingdom, the oocyte is blocked in prophase of the first meiotic division and resumes the division at time of ovulation, in response to an external signal, progesterone in Xenopus. This hormone triggers a signalling pathway that leads to the activation of the Cdk1 kinase after 3 to 5 hours. The first activated molecules of Cdk1 trigger a self-amplification loop allowing its total activation and division. This loop is based on phosphorylations catalyzed by Cdk1 and depends on the inhibition of the phosphatase that antagonizes Cdk1 activity, PP2A-B55δ. This inhibition depends on the protein Arpp19, a specific inhibitor of PP2A-B55δ when phosphorylated at S67 by Greatwall kinase. Arpp19 has a second role during meiosis resumption. In all vertebrates, the prophase arrest is maintained by high PKA activity. In Xenopus, Arpp19 is phosphorylated by PKA on a residue distinct from Greatwall target, S109. In response to progesterone, the inhibition of PKA induces Arpp19 dephosphorylation, which activates the signalling pathway leading to Cdk1 activation. A phosphatase is therefore required to dephosphorylate Arpp19 at S109 and to unlock the Cdk1 activation pathway. My work aimed at elucidating the molecular identity of this unknown phosphatase. Through biochemical and proteomic approaches, I have identified this phosphatase as PP2A-B55δ. By functional approaches in acellular extracts and oocytes, I have established that PP2A-B55δ is active in prophase. Arpp19 phosphorylation at S109 depends on a balance between PKA and PP2A-B55δ activities, in favor of the kinase. In response to progesterone, PP2A-B55δ activity is not affected and PKA inhibition is sufficient for Arpp19 dephosphorylation. PP2A-B55δ therefore orchestrates the release of the prophase arrest and the entry into M-phase by acting at two different periods and at two distinct residues in Arpp19, respectively facing PKA and Greatwall
Piquet, Sandra. "Détermination des rôles joués par les protéines d'interférence par l'ARN dans la division méiotique chez S. pombe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26412/26412.pdf.
Full textAzoury, Jessica. "Rôle des microfilaments d’actine dans le contrôle de l’asymétrie de la première division méiotique dans l’ovocyte de souris." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066257.
Full textMeneau, Ferdinand. "De nouveaux modes de régulation d’ARPP19 éclairent la reprise de la méiose de l’ovocyte : une étude croisée chez la méduse et l'amphibien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS363.pdf.
Full textMy thesis focused on the role of ARPP19, a protein at the center of meiosis resumption in oocytes. In all animals, oocyte meiosis is interrupted during prophase I. This long pause is used by the oocyte to accumulate nutritive and informative molecules that will serve during embryogenesis. The prophase arrest is due to an inactive form of MPF (M-phase Promoting Factor). This complex, made up of the Cdk1 kinase and Cyclin B, is the driving force behind eukaryotic cell division. In vertebrates, high levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity prevent MPF activation, keeping the oocyte blocked in prophase. A hormonal stimulus releases the prophase arrest and promotes meiosis resumption. In vertebrates, one of the first events induced by this stimulation is the inactivation of PKA, triggering a signaling pathway leading to MPF activation. My thesis focused on the mechanisms by which PKA controls MPF. In Xenopus, one of PKA key substrates is ARPP19, phosphorylated by PKA on serine 109 (S109). Following inactivation of PKA by the hormonal stimulation, ARPP19 is dephosphorylated by the PP2A-B55 phosphatase, indirectly enabling MPF activation. When MPF activates, ARPP19 undertakes another function. MPF activates the Greatwall kinase (Gwl), which phosphorylates ARPP19 on serine 67 (S67), converting it into an inhibitor of PP2A-B55. This inhibition is essential for division, as this phosphatase opposes MPF by dephosphorylating its substrates. The negative control exerted by PKA on MPF is not conserved in all metazoans. Many non-vertebrate species show an inverted mechanism: the release of the prophase block does not depend on PKA inactivation, but on its activation, as in the jellyfish Clytia hemisphaerica. ARPP19 is expressed in the oocytes of this species. The protein should therefore be phosphorylated by PKA in the Clytia oocyte. Why does it not block MPF activation? I have shown that Clytia ARPP19 (ClyARPP19) has a PKA phosphorylation site. However, ClyARPP19 is a poor substrate of PKA and is not phosphorylated by this kinase in the oocyte. Moreover, the mechanisms by which it inhibits MPF are not functional in Clytia. This double security level therefore protects Clytia oocyte from MPF inhibition by ARPP19. My results provide an evolutionary scenario for the negative control exerted by PKA on the resumption of meiosis in vertebrates. Unlike the control of ARPP19 by Gwl, conserved in all eukaryotes, the phosphorylation site of ARPP19 by PKA appears in metazoans, where it is conserved. But it is used as a regulator of meiosis resumption only in vertebrates, thanks to an increase of its phosphorylation potential by PKA. I then investigated the mechanisms by which the phosphorylated form of ARPP19 on S109 inhibits MPF. I discovered that in prophase, ARPP19 is weakly phosphorylated on S67 by a basal Gwl activity. Limiting this phosphorylation is critical to prevent spontaneous resumption of meiosis. I have shown that two types of regulation limit this phosphorylation by Gwl. The first is S109 phosphorylation by PKA, the second is an intramolecular regulation based on two domains in the C-terminal part of ARPP19. My work leads to a new vision of the prophase arrest, a metastable state in which ARPP19 is phosphorylated on both S109 (major) and S67 (minor). They provide insight into one negative role of PKA-phosphorylated ARPP19 on MPF activation: preventing phosphorylation by Gwl. Dephosphorylation of S109 in response to the hormone generates an ARPP19 protein accessible to Gwl, one of the key elements required for MPF activation
Barakat, AbdelHamid. "Régulation de MPF au cours du premier cycle méiotique de l'ovocyte d'étoile de mer." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20204.
Full textDumont, Julien. "Contrôle des divisions asymétriques et de l'arrêt CSF dans l'ovocyte de souris : rôles de la GTPase Ran, de la Formine-2 et de p90rsk." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066357.
Full textLefebvre, Christophe. "Identification et caractérisation de MISS, un nouveau substrat des MAPK, impliquée dans la stabilisation du fuseau de métaphase II de l'ovocyte de souris." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066220.
Full textDaldello, Enrico Maria. "Arpp19 et Cdc6, deux régulateurs majeurs des divisions méiotiques de l'ovocyte de Xénope." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066116/document.
Full textThe goal of my PhD project was to understand two main features of the female meiotic division: the arrest in prophase of the 1st meiotic division that allows the accumulation of nutrients and determinants necessary for the embryonic cell cycles; and the absence of S-phase between the two meiotic divisions in order to produce haploid gametes. For this purpose, I studied Xenopus oocytes, a powerful model system that allows the biochemical analysis of these two processes in vitro. In ovary, oocytes are arrested in prophase I and resume meiosis in response to progesterone. The oocytes then proceed through the 1st and the 2nd meiotic divisions and halt at metaphase II, awaiting for fertilization. These two consecutive divisions are controlled by two waves of Cdk1 activation, the universal factor responsible for the entry into mitosis. I analysed the mechanisms responsible for arresting the oocyte in prophase I. In all vertebrates, this arrest depends on a high activity of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, PKA, whose downregulation is required for the release of the prophase block. The substrate of PKA had never been identified up to date. I discovered that the small protein Arpp19, already known for positively regulating entry into M-phase, is phosphorylated by PKA in prophase I and is dephosphorylated upon progesterone addition, an event required for Cdk1 activation. Hence, Arpp19 has a dual function, responsible of the prophase arrest as a PKA substrate, and then converted into an activator of Cdk1 by changes of its phosphorylation pattern. The second part of my thesis has been dedicated to understanding the role and the regulation of the Cdc6 protein during meiotic divisions. This protein is essential for DNA replication in somatic cells. It is accumulated between the two oocyte meiotic divisions and restores the competence to replicate DNA in oocyte. However, this competence is repressed before fertilization, allowing formation of haploid cells. I found that the accumulation of Cdc6 is tightly controlled during meiotic maturation by the Cyclin B accumulation and the Mos/MAPK pathway. I further demonstrated that Cdc6 is a strong inhibitor of Cdk1 in Xenopus oocytes and that the timely accumulation of Cdc6 is required to coordinate the two meiotic divisions with no intercaling S-phase