Journal articles: 'Meinel bands'

1

Le Texier, H., S. Solomon, and R. R. Garcia. "Seasonal variability of the OH Meinel bands." Planetary and Space Science 35, no. 8 (August 1987): 977–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(87)90002-x.

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2

Fagundes, P. R., D. Gobbi, H. Takahashi, and Y. Sahai. "Mesospheric energy loss rates by OH and O2 emissions at 23°S." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 6 (June 30, 1997): 797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0797-4.

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Abstract. The nightglow OH(9, 4) and O2 atmospheric (0,1) band emission intensities and their rotational temperatures T(OH) and T(O2), respectively, observed at Cachoeira Paulista (23°S, 45°W), Brazil, during the period from October 1989 to December 1990, have been analyzed to study the nighttime mesospheric energy loss rates through the radiations from the vibrationally excited OH* and electronically excited O2* bands. The total emission rates of the OH Meinel bands, O2 atmospheric (0,0) and O2 infrared atmospheric (1Δg) bands were calculated using reported data for the relative band intensities I(ν'',ν')/I(9,4), IO2A(0,0)/IO2A(0,1) and IO2(1Δg)/IO2A(0,1). It was found that there is a minimum in equivalent energy loss rate by the OH* Meinel bands during December/January (equivalent energy loss rate of 0.39K/day*, where day* means averaged over the night) and maximum in equivalent energy loss rate during September (equivalent energy loss rate of 0.98K/day*). Energy loss rate by the O2* radiation, on the other hand, is weaker than that by the OH* Meinel bands, showing equivalent energy loss rates of 0.12K/day* and 0.22K/day* during January and September, respectively.

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Kuo, C. ‐H, I. W. Milkman, T. C. Steimle, and J. T. Moseley. "Spectroscopy of N+2 Meinel bands and CO+ comet tail bands." Journal of Chemical Physics 85, no. 8 (October 15, 1986): 4269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.451799.

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Kowalewski, S., C. von Savigny, M. Palm, I. C. McDade, and J. Notholt. "On the impact of the temporal variability of the collisional quenching process on the mesospheric OH emission layer: a study based on SD-WACCM4 and SABER." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 18 (September 24, 2014): 10193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10193-2014.

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Abstract. The mesospheric OH Meinel emissions are subject of many theoretical and observational studies devoted to this part of the atmosphere. Depending on the initial vibrational level of excitation the altitude of the considered OH Meinel emission is systematically shifted, which has important implications for the intercomparison of different studies considering different transition bands. Previous model studies suggest that these vertical shifts are essentially caused by the process of collisional quenching with atomic oxygen. Following this hypothesis, a recent study found experimental evidence of a coherent seasonality at tropical latitudes between vertical shifts of different OH Meinel bands and changes in atomic oxygen concentrations. Despite the consistent finding of the above mentioned hypothesis, it cannot be excluded that the actual temporal variability of the vertical shifts between different OH Meinel bands may in addition be controlled or even dominated by other processes. It remains an open question whether the observed temporal evolution is indeed mainly controlled by the modulation of the collisional quenching process with atomic oxygen. By means of a sensitivity study which employs a quenching model to simulations made with the SD-WACCM4 chemistry climate model, we aim at assessing this question. From this study we find that the observed seasonality of vertical OH Meinel shifts is only partially controlled by temporal changes in atomic oxygen concentrations, while molecular oxygen has another noticeable impact on the vertical OH Meinel shifts. This in particular becomes evident for the diurnal variability of vertical OH Meinel shifts, which reveal only a poor correlation with the atomic oxygen species. Furthermore, changes in the H + O3 source gases provide another mechanism that can potentially affect the diurnal variability in addition. By comparison with limb radiance observations from the SABER/TIMED satellite this provides an explanation for the less evident diurnal response between changes in O concentrations and vertical OH Meinel shifts. On the other hand, at seasonal timescales the coherency between both quantities is again evident in SABER/TIMED but less pronounced compared to our model simulations.

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von Savigny, C., I. C. McDade, K. U. Eichmann, and J. P. Burrows. "On the dependence of the OH* Meinel emission altitude on vibrational level: SCIAMACHY observations and model simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 23, 2012): 5817–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-5817-2012.

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Abstract. Measurements of the OH Meinel emissions in the terrestrial nightglow are one of the standard ground-based techniques to retrieve upper mesospheric temperatures. It is often assumed that the emission peak altitudes are not strongly dependent on the vibrational level, although this assumption is not based on convincing experimental evidence. In this study we use Envisat/SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) observations in the near-IR spectral range to retrieve vertical volume emission rate profiles of the OH(3-1), OH(6-2) and OH(8-3) Meinel bands in order to investigate, whether systematic differences in emission peak altitudes can be observed between the different OH Meinel bands. The results indicate that the emission peak altitudes are different for the different vibrational levels, with bands originating from higher vibrational levels having higher emission peak altitudes. It is shown that this finding is consistent with the majority of the previously published results. The SCIAMACHY observations yield differences in emission peak altitudes of up to about 4 km between the OH(3-1) and the OH(8-3) band. The observations are complemented by model simulations of the fractional population of the different vibrational levels and of the vibrational level dependence of the emission peak altitude. The model simulations well reproduce the observed vibrational level dependence of the emission peak altitude – both qualitatively and quantitatively – if quenching by atomic oxygen as well as multi-quantum collisional relaxation by O2 is considered. If a linear relationship between emission peak altitude and vibrational level is assumed, then a peak altitude difference of roughly 0.5 km per vibrational level is inferred from both the SCIAMACHY observations and the model simulations.

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von Savigny, C., I. C. McDade, K. U. Eichmann, and J. P. Burrows. "On the dependence of the OH* Meinel emission altitude on vibrational level: SCIAMACHY observations and model simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 18 (September 28, 2012): 8813–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8813-2012.

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Abstract. Measurements of the OH Meinel emissions in the terrestrial nightglow are one of the standard ground-based techniques to retrieve upper mesospheric temperatures. It is often assumed that the emission peak altitudes are not strongly dependent on the vibrational level, although this assumption is not based on convincing experimental evidence. In this study we use Envisat/SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) observations in the near-IR spectral range to retrieve vertical volume emission rate profiles of the OH(3-1), OH(6-2) and OH(8-3) Meinel bands in order to investigate whether systematic differences in emission peak altitudes can be observed between the different OH Meinel bands. The results indicate that the emission peak altitudes are different for the different vibrational levels, with bands originating from higher vibrational levels having higher emission peak altitudes. It is shown that this finding is consistent with the majority of the previously published results. The SCIAMACHY observations yield differences in emission peak altitudes of up to about 4 km between the OH(3-1) and the OH(8-3) band. The observations are complemented by model simulations of the fractional population of the different vibrational levels and of the vibrational level dependence of the emission peak altitude. The model simulations reproduce the observed vibrational level dependence of the emission peak altitude well – both qualitatively and quantitatively – if quenching by atomic oxygen as well as multi-quantum collisional relaxation by O2 is considered. If a linear relationship between emission peak altitude and vibrational level is assumed, then a peak altitude difference of roughly 0.5 km per vibrational level is inferred from both the SCIAMACHY observations and the model simulations.

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7

Franzen, Christoph, Patrick Joseph Espy, Niklas Hofmann, Robert Edward Hibbins, and Anlaug Amanda Djupvik. "Airglow Derived Measurements of Q-Branch Transition Probabilities for Several Hydroxyl Meinel Bands." Atmosphere 10, no. 10 (October 22, 2019): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100637.

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Spectroscopic measurements of the hydroxyl (OH) airglow emissions are often used to infer neutral temperatures near the mesopause. Correct Einstein coefficients for the various transitions in the OH airglow are needed to calculate accurate temperatures. However, studies from some studys showed experimentally and theoretically that the most commonly used Einstein spontaneous emission transition probabilities for the Q-branch of the OH Meinel (6,2) transition are overestimated. Extending their work to several Δv = 2 and 3 transitions from v′ = 3 to 9, we have determined Einstein coefficients for the first four Q-branch rotational lines. These have been derived from high resolution, high signal to noise spectroscopic observations of the OH airglow in the night sky from the Nordic Optical Telescope. The Q-branch Einstein coefficients calculated from these spectra show that values currently tabulated in the HITRAN database overestimate many of the Q-branch transition probabilities. The implications for atmospheric temperatures derived from OH Q-branch measurements are discussed.

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TAKANO, Motoharu, Takashi WATANABE, and Masatoshi NAKAMURA. "Rocket measurements of O2 atmospheric (0-0) and OH meinel bands in the night airglow." Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 42, no. 10 (1990): 1193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.42.1193.

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9

Chadney, Joshua M., Daniel K. Whiter, and Betty S. Lanchester. "Effect of water vapour absorption on hydroxyl temperatures measured from Svalbard." Annales Geophysicae 35, no. 3 (March 24, 2017): 481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-481-2017.

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Abstract. We model absorption by atmospheric water vapour of hydroxyl airglow emission using the HIgh-resolution TRANsmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN2012). Transmission coefficients are provided as a function of water vapour column density for the strongest OH Meinel emission lines in the (8–3), (5–1), (9–4), (8–4), and (6–2) vibrational bands. These coefficients are used to determine precise OH(8–3) rotational temperatures from spectra measured by the High Throughput Imaging Echelle Spectrograph (HiTIES), installed at the Kjell Henriksen Observatory (KHO), Svalbard. The method described in this paper also allows us to estimate atmospheric water vapour content using the HiTIES instrument.

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10

GARCIAMUNOZ, A., J. MCCONNELL, I. MCDADE, and S. MELO. "Airglow on Mars: Some model expectations for the OH Meinel bands and the O IR atmospheric band." Icarus 176, no. 1 (July 2005): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.01.006.

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11

von Savigny, C., and O. Lednyts'kyy. "On the relationship between atomic oxygen and vertical shifts between OH Meinel bands originating from different vibrational levels." Geophysical Research Letters 40, no. 21 (November 4, 2013): 5821–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013gl058017.

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12

Kalogerakis, Konstantinos S. "Technical note: Bimodality in mesospheric OH rotational population distributions and implications for temperature measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 4 (February 28, 2019): 2629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2629-2019.

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Abstract. Emissions from the OH Meinel bands are routinely used to determine rotational temperatures that are considered proxies for the kinetic temperature near the mesopause region. Previous observations determined OH rotational temperatures that show a dependence on the vibrational level, with the temperature rising overall as the OH vibrational quantum number v increases. The source of this trend is not well understood and has generally been attributed to deviations from thermodynamic equilibrium. This technical note demonstrates that the existence of bimodal OH rotational population distributions is an inherent feature of rotational relaxation in gases and can provide an explanation for the previously reported temperature trend. The use of only a few lines from rotational transitions involving low rotational quantum numbers to determine rotational temperatures does not account for the bimodality of the OH rotational population distributions and leads to systematic errors overestimating the OH rotational temperature. This note presents selected examples, discusses the relevant implications, and considers strategies that could lead to more reliable OH rotational temperature determination.

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13

Viereck, R. A., and C. S. Deehr. "On the interaction between gravity waves and the OH Meinel (6-2) and the O2atmospheric (0-1) bands in the polar night airglow." Journal of Geophysical Research 94, A5 (1989): 5397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ja094ia05p05397.

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14

Franzen, Christoph, Robert Edward Hibbins, Patrick Joseph Espy, and Anlaug Amanda Djupvik. "Optimizing hydroxyl airglow retrievals from long-slit astronomical spectroscopic observations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 8 (August 25, 2017): 3093–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3093-2017.

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Abstract. Astronomical spectroscopic observations from ground-based telescopes contain background emission lines from the terrestrial atmosphere's airglow. In the near infrared, this background is composed mainly of emission from Meinel bands of hydroxyl (OH), which is produced in highly excited vibrational states by reduction of ozone near 90 km. This emission contains a wealth of information on the chemical and dynamical state of the Earth's atmosphere. However, observation strategies and data reduction processes are usually optimized to minimize the influence of these features on the astronomical spectrum. Here we discuss a measurement technique to optimize the extraction of the OH airglow signal itself from routine J-, H-, and K-band long-slit astronomical spectroscopic observations. As an example, we use data recorded from a point-source observation by the Nordic Optical Telescope's intermediate-resolution spectrograph, which has a spatial resolution of approximately 100 m at the airglow layer. Emission spectra from the OH vibrational manifold from v′ = 9 down to v′ = 3, with signal-to-noise ratios up to 280, have been extracted from 10.8 s integrations. Rotational temperatures representative of the background atmospheric temperature near 90 km, the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region, can be fitted to the OH rotational lines with an accuracy of around 0.7 K. Using this measurement and analysis technique, we derive a rotational temperature distribution with v′ that agrees with atmospheric model conditions and the preponderance of previous work. We discuss the derived rotational temperatures from the different vibrational bands and highlight the potential for both the archived and future observations, which are at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions, to contribute toward the resolution of long-standing problems in atmospheric physics.

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15

López-González, M. J., D. P. Murtagh, P. J. Espy, J. J. López-Moreno, R. Rodrigo, and G. Witt. "A model study of the temporal behaviour of the emission intensity and rotational temperature of the OH Meinel bands for high-latitude summer conditions." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 1 (January 31, 1996): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-0059-x.

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Abstract. The temporal variation of OH* emission and weighted rotational temperature has been studied for high-latitude summer conditions. Observations for 60°N latitude show OH weighted temperatures that always exceed 145 K even during periods of noctilucent clouds. Using a one-dimensional model the effects in excited OH concentration produced by changes in temperature, eddy diffusion, and water concentration have been analysed. We are forced to conclude that there remains a discrepancy between the OH temperatures predicted by the model and that obtained from OH* measurements. An increase in OH* concentration from June to the beginning of August, followed by a slow decrease during August has been obtained in agreement with the measurements. The 16-day modulation present in the measurements was simulated in a simple manner by varying the temperature in the mesopause region. This variation produces periodic modulations in both OH* concentration and weighted temperature of 16 days. The results show the temperature leading the OH* column concentration by three days. This phase shift is also present in the observations.

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16

Yue, Jia, Septi Perwitasari, Shuang Xu, Yuta Hozumi, Takuji Nakamura, Takeshi Sakanoi, Akinori Saito, Steven D. Miller, William Straka, and Pingping Rong. "Preliminary Dual-Satellite Observations of Atmospheric Gravity Waves in Airglow." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2019): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110650.

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Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) are among the important energy and momentum transfer mechanisms from the troposphere to the middle and upper atmosphere. Despite their understood importance in governing the structure and dynamics of these regions, mesospheric AGWs remain poorly measured globally, and largely unconstrained in numerical models. Since late 2011, the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) day–night band (DNB) has observed global AGWs near the mesopause by virtue of its sensitivity to weak emissions of the OH* Meinel bands. The wave features, detectable at 0.75 km spatial resolution across its 3000 km imagery swath, are often confused by the upwelling emission of city lights and clouds reflecting downwelling nightglow. The Ionosphere, Mesosphere, upper Atmosphere and Plasmasphere (IMAP)/ Visible and near-Infrared Spectral Imager (VISI) O2 band, an independent measure of the AGW structures in nightglow based on the International Space Station (ISS) during 2012–2015, contains much less noise from the lower atmosphere. However, VISI offers much coarser resolution of 14–16 km and a narrower swath width of 600 km. Here, we present preliminary results of comparisons between VIIRS/DNB and VISI observations of AGWs, focusing on several concentric AGW events excited by the thunderstorms over Eastern Asia in August 2013. The comparisons point toward suggested improvements for future spaceborne airglow sensor designs targeting AGWs.

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Cosby, P. C., and T. G. Slanger. "OH spectroscopy and chemistry investigated with astronomical sky spectra." Canadian Journal of Physics 85, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p06-088.

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This study summarizes the use of a large catalog of astronomical sky spectra to study different aspects of OH spectroscopy and chemistry in the terrestrial night sky. The sky spectra are unique in that they have high spectral resolution, cover the entire visible wavelength region in one exposure, and are intensity-calibrated with respect to standard stars. The intensity calibration, in particular, allows a significant revision to the OH Meinel band intensity distribution that has been in use for 43~years and permits critical evaluation of the many available sets of OH emission coefficients. The spectra further allow the OH rovibrational population distributions to be monitored throughout many nights. The OH vibrational population distribution is found to change during the night, with the population ratio between the extreme high-v and low-v levels that we can detect, v = 9 and v = 3, varying by as much as a factor of two; the low-v levels being predominant earlier in the night. It has been common to determine the kinetic temperature of the OH emission region by assuming that it is equal to the low-J rotational temperature associated with particular OH bands, typically bands originating in the v = 6 and v = 8 levels. The present calibrated data set reveals that the rotational temperatures are significantly greater for high-v than for low-v levels, the typical difference between v = 3 and v = 8 being 15 K. Previous attempts to establish that a difference existed are consistent with our current observations, although conclusions from those earlier results were limited by relatively wide error limits. The present rovibrational population measurements, which extend to high rotational levels (J′ ≤ 25.5), also reveal that the high-J populations are largely independent of vibrational level — the high-J population in v = 3 is similar to that in v = 7.PACS Nos.: 92.60.H, 92.60.hw, 33.20.–t, 33.20.Kf, 33.70.–w

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Egeland, Alv, and William J. Burke. "Auroral hydrogen emissions: a historic survey." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 10, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-10-201-2019.

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Abstract. Auroral spectroscopy provided the first tool for remotely sensing the compositions and dynamics of the high-latitude ionosphere. In 1885, Balmer discovered that the visible hydrogen spectrum consists of a series of discrete lines whose wavelengths follow a simple mathematical pattern, which ranks among the first steps toward developing this tool. On 18 October 1939 Lars Vegard discovered the Hα (656.3 nm) and Hβ (486.1 nm) spectral lines of Balmer series emissions, emanating from a diffuse structure, located equatorward of the auroral zone. Intense, first positive bands of N2+ nearly covered the Hα emissions. With more advanced instrumentation after World War II, auroral spectroscopists Vegard, Gartlein and Meinel investigated other characteristics of the auroral hydrogen emissions. The first three lines of the Balmer series, including Hγ at 410 nm, were identified in ground-based measurements prior to the space age. Based on satellite observations, the Balmer lines Hδ and Hε at 410.13 and 396.97 nm, respectively, as well as extreme ultraviolet (EUV) Lyman α (121.6 nm) hydrogen emissions, were also detected. Doppler blue shifts in hydrogen emissions, established in the 1940s, indicated that emitting particles had energies well into the kiloelectron volt range, corresponding to velocities >1000 km s−1. Systematic spatial separations between the locations of electron- and proton-generated aurorae were also established. These observations in turn, suggested that protons, ultimately of solar origin, precipitate into the topside ionosphere, where they undergo charge-exchange events with atmospheric neutrals. Newly generated hydrogen atoms were left in excited states and emitted the observed Balmer radiation. Sounding rocket data showed that most of the hydrogen radiation came from altitudes between 105 and 120 km. Space-age data from satellite-borne sensors made two significant contributions: (1) energetic particle detectors demonstrated the existence of regions in the magnetosphere, conjugate to nightside proton aurora, where conditions for breaking the first adiabatic invariants of kiloelectron volt protons prevail, allowing them to precipitate through filled loss cones. (2) EUV imagers showed that dayside hydrogen emissions appear in response to changes in solar wind dynamic pressure or the polarity of the north–south component of the interplanetary magnetic field.

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19

Gaede, Kirsten. "Freie Liebe." kma - Klinik Management aktuell 10, no. 04 (April 2005): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1573260.

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Branchenfremde schimpfen Kliniken konservativ. Doch der Vorwurf scheint ungerecht. In Liebesdingen herrscht Laissez faire: Die Bande verlaufen horizontal und hierarchieüberschreitend – die Personalchefs bleiben gelassen. Gelegentlich zu gelassen, wie Arbeitspsychologen meinen.

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20

Jeep, John M. "Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch. Auf Grund der von Elias von Steinmeyer hinterlassenen Sammlungen im Auftrag der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. Begründet von Elisabeth Karg-Gasterstädt und Theodor Frings. Herausgegeben von Hans Ulrich Schmid unter der Leitung von Brigitte Bulitta. Bearbeitet von Brigitte Bulitta, Frank Heidermanns, Aletta Leipold, Almut Mikeleitis-Winter, Susanne Näßl, Katja Schmidt, Ulrike Seeger, Christina Waldvogel, Torsten Woitkowitz. Band VII: O–R. Vierzehnte bis sechszehnte Lieferung. Berlin und Boston: Walter de Gruyter Akademie Forschung, 2019. Sp. 1037–1310. Titelblatt und Vorwort Band VII (vi)." Mediaevistik 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 354–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2019.01.61.

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In gewohnt zügiger Folge (zu den letzten sechs Lieferungen siehe meine Besprechungen in früheren Bänden der Mediaevistik erscheint nun die 14.–16. Lieferung, das sind die letzten des 7. Bandes (O – R, erschien seit 2015) des stattlichen Althochdeutschen Wörterbuchs: ,,ringan“– ,,rydc“. Ein Vorwort zum Abschluss von Band VII (S. V–VI) ergänzt das ursprüngliche Vorwort (1.–2. Lieferung, S. I–II) mit Angaben vor allem zu einigen Hunderten neuentdeckter Griffel- und Federglossen. Hier wird zudem auf die neue Onlineversion hingewiesen, auf der man auch Stichwort- und Volltextsuchen durchführen kann. Schließlich wird die stolze Zahl von 2.329 Wörterbuch-Artikeln genannt, die dieser Band enthält.

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21

Platen, Emil. "Zur Echtheit einiger Choralsätze Johann Sebastian Bachs." Bach-Jahrbuch 61 (March 22, 2018): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13141/bjb.v19752002.

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Der Choral Du Lebensfürst (BWV 43,11) stammt vom Kantor Christoph Peter in Guben (aus Andachtszymbeln, 1655). Bach entnahm ihn wahrscheinlich dem Neu Leipziger Gesangbuch (1682) von G. Vopelius. Die Choräle In allen meinen Taten (BWV 367) und Wer Gott vertraut (BWV 433) sind vermutlich ebenfalls Adaptionen von Vopelius, doch in beiden Fällen hat Bach Änderungen im Satz vorgenommen. So kann Vopelius' Gesangbuch entgegen früheren Überlegungen eine erhebliche Bedeutung als Quelle zu Bachs Werk beigemessen werden. Die Überarbeitung anderer Kompositionen betrifft´auch in größerem Umfang als bisher angenommen Bachs einfache Choralsätze. Es sollte nicht ausgeschlossen werden, dass zukünftig Erkenntnisse zu Überarbeitungen älterer Vorlagen zu erwarten sind. (Übertragung des englischen Resümees am Ende des Bandes)

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22

Ke, Weizhong, Dianfeng Zhou, Jianzhong Wu, and Kang Ji. "Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectra of Calf Thymus DNA Adsorbed on Concentrated Silver Colloid." Applied Spectroscopy 59, no. 4 (April 2005): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702053641487.

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Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of calf thymus DNA were investigated. We have carried out improvements to the silver colloid preparation method of Lee and Meisel in two respects. In one method, the silver sol was boiled with rapid stirring for over two hours. In the second method, the silver sol was concentrated by centrifugation before adding it to the DNA solution. The resulting hydrosol could be stored for 15 months because of its high stabilization. Structural information with respect to the phosphate backbone, deoxyribose, and four bases of DNA could be obtained before and after the DNA solutions were added to the concentrated Ag colloid substrate. The intensities of almost all characteristic bands assigned to various groups of the components of DNA were enhanced to a remarkable degree. The enhancement effect of the DNA solution at neutral pH 7.0 was obviously much better than that at acidic pH 3.4 or at alkaline pH 8.5. Intensity increases of the SERS bands of the DNA solution with time were observed. The SERS signals obtained 16 hours after the interaction of the Ag colloid with the DNA solution were much better than the SERS signals obtained just after the mixed liquid was prepared. This method can be widely used to store the Ag colloid for long times and to obtain the SERS spectra of DNA molecules, and it can further be used to study the adsorption behavior of solute biomacromolecules in different solvents.

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23

CUNHA, ANDRÉ M., CARLOS JOSÉ E. LAMAS, and MÁRCIA S. COURI. "Taxonomic notes, new species and identification key to the New World species of Toxophora Meigen (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Toxophorinae)." Zootaxa 3038, no. 1 (September 22, 2011): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3038.1.4.

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Two new species of Toxophora Meigen are described and illustrated—T. paulistana sp. nov. (Neotropical) and T. azteca sp. nov. (Nearctic and Neotropical). An identification key to the New World species is also presented. Morphological differences between populations of T. aurea Macquart (1848) are recorded, illustrated and added to the key. The new species are easily recognized by: scape with long, yellow scales laterally; presence of yellow scales on mesonotum margins; posterior margin of mesonotum with a pre-scutellar pair of setae; and yellow scales forming thin bands on posterior margins of abdominal tergites in T. paulistana sp. nov., and scape entirely covered with long dark-brown scales and yellow scales forming a broad, longitudinal stripe on center of abdominal tergites III-VII in T. azteca sp. nov.

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24

Dušinský, Roman, Matúš Kúdela, Viera Stloukalová, and Ladislav Jedlička. "Use of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for discrimination between and within species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae)." Biologia 61, no. 3 (January 1, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-006-0055-3.

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AbstractThe present study is the first report of fingerprinting in blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae), using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Among five primers tested, three tetranucleotide repeat primers ((GACA)4, (ACTG)4, (ACAG)4) generated a high proportion of polymorphic bands. Seven species representing various genera, subgenera or species groups were compared. No similar profiles were found. Intraspecific and interspecific banding patterns were analysed for two species in the Prosimulium hirtipes (Fries, 1824) species group and four species in the Simulium variegatum (Meigen, 1818) species group. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s coefficient demonstrated the intraspecific and interspecific diversity and the resolving power of the ISSR markers to differentiate blackfly species and populations. In Simulium maximum (Knoz, 1961), geographically defined populations were successfully discriminated.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Meinel bands'

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