Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medium gravity'

In questa tesi, abbiamo studiato la turbolenza prodotta durante il processo di accrescimento che le strutture cosmiche sperimentano durante la loro evoluzione, analizzando un campione di ammassi di galassie simulati con il codice ENZO. Poichè un possibile approccio allo studio della turbolenza in ammassi di galassie è dato dall'osservazione delle fluttuazioni di brillanza superficiale, abbiamo deciso di approfondire la relazione tra fluttuazioni di velocità e densità generate dalla turbolenza. Per studiare la turbolenza è necessario separare i moti laminari da quelli turbolenti. Per fare ciò, abbiamo utilizzato un metodo di filtraggio con scala di filtraggio fissa pari a 300 kpc. Abbiamo osservato una relazione, statisticamente significativa, tra le fluttuazioni di densità e velocità, nonostante il coefficiente angolare sia diverso rispetto ad altri precedenti lavori presenti in letteratura. In particolare, abbiamo ottenuto un coefficiente angolare minore di 1 e il quale mostra una dipendenza in funzione dello stato dinamico dell'ammasso. Inoltre, abbiamo analizzato il profilo radiale delle proprietà della turbolenza, ottenendo lo spettro di potenza sia della velocità, sia della densità a diversi raggi, per la prima volta in letteratura. La pendenza degli spettri della velocità mostra un andamento costante con il raggio ed è in accordo con la teoria di Kolmogorov ad ogni raggio. Un ulteriore fenomeno che può modificare le fluttuazioni di densità è il buoyancy. Il numero di Richardson è un parametro che tiene in considerazione il rapporto tra turbolenza e buoyancy, e abbiamo osservato che esso dipende dalla scala di filtraggio ipotizzata. Considerando ciò, abbiamo studiato la relazione tra numero di Richardson e fluttuazioni di densità logaritmiche. Nella nostra analisi di un sistema comunque complesso come l'ICM, non abbiamo ottenuto alcuna relazione significativa tra le due variabili.

The ionosphere is an electrically charged atmospheric region which is coupled to the sun, the magnetosphere, and the neutral atmosphere. The ionospheric state can significantly impact technological systems, especially those which utilize radio frequency energy. By studying ionospheric disturbances, it is possible to gain a deeper understanding of not only the ionosphere itself, but also the natural and technological systems it is coupled to. This dissertation research utilizes high frequency (HF) radio remote sensing techniques to study three distinct types of ionospheric disturbances. First, ground magnetometers and a new mid latitude SuperDARN HF radar at Blackstone, Virginia are used to observe magnetospheric Pi2 ultra low frequency (ULF) pulsations in the vicinity of the plasmapause. Prior to these pulsations, two Earthward moving fast plasma flows were detected by spacecraft in the magnetotail. Signatures of inner magnetospheric compression observed by the Blackstone radar provide conclusive evidence that the plasma flow bursts directly generated the ground Pi2 signature via a compressional wave. This mechanism had previously been hypothesized, but never confirmed. Next, ten SuperDARN radars in the North American Sector are used to investigate the sources and characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves (AGW) associated medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) at both midlatitudes and high latitudes. Consistent with prior studies, the climatological MSTID population in both latitudinal regions was found to peak in the fall and winter and have a dominant equatorward propagation direction. Prior studies suggested these MSTIDs were caused by mechanisms associated with auroral and space weather activity; however, it is shown here that the AE and Sym-H indices are poorly correlated with MSTID observations. A new, multi-week timescale of MSTID activity is reported. This leads to the finding that MSTID occurrence is highly correlated with an index representative of polar vortex activity, possibly controlled by a filtering mechanism that is a function of stratospheric neutral wind direction. Finally, a case study of a radio blackout of transionospheric HF communications caused by an X2.9 class solar flare is presented. This study demonstrates the potential of a novel technique employing signals of opportunity and automated receiving networks voluntarily created by an international community of amateur radio operators.<br>Ph. D.

This study addresses two separate but related problems. They are detrimental effects of extreme gravity and seismic loadings, which were not considered in the original design, on slab-on-girder steel bridges. In the first part of this thesis the effect of extreme gravity loads on slab-on-girder steel bridges is studied. Currently, in many jurisdictions of North America, special permits are issued to extra-heavy vehicles considering only the ultimate capacity of the bridges. Based on this, a large number of special permits have been issued to extra-heavy vehicles, and therefore concerns have been raised since the cumulative effect of such overloads have never been assessed. In this perspective, the ultimate and cumulative effect of such overloads on bridge components is studied. Typical heavy permit-truck configurations are selected to investigate their effect on steel bridges. As a first step, influence line analyses are conducted to find the ranges of spans of simply supported and continuous bridges for which heavy permit-trucks have the most detrimental effects. In the light of these observations, a number of actual bridges within the estimated span length limits are analyzed to find the bridge members largely affected by such overloads. Next, a literature review is conducted to appraise the state-of-knowledge on the impact of infrequent stress-range excursions produced by heavy loads on fatigue life of bridge members. The effect of variable amplitude loading due to both Ontario truck traffic and heavy permit trucks on fatigue life of bridge members is investigated. Analytical expressions to calculate the fatigue life and the reduction in fatigue life of bridges due to heavy permit-trucks, without the need for a detailed analysis of each bridge, are derived and presented, along with a fatigue-based methodology to assess the reduction in service life of bridges attributable to heavy-permit trucks. Finally, using the derived equations, a sample permit-policy is presented assuming that a two percent reduction in fatigue life due to heavy permit-trucks is acceptable. In the second part, the response of bridge superstructure components to seismic excitations is investigated. Single span simply supported, continuous and multi-span simply supported bridges are studied by varying their geometric and structural properties. Linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses of these bridges are conducted for earthquakes of different characteristic and intensity considering only the superstructure. The forces and displacements of superstructure components which significantly affect the response, are determined as a function of the selected properties and earthquake types. Then, using these results, a methodology is developed for ranking and rapid seismic evaluation of existing steel bridges. Bearing forces due to seismic excitation in both transverse and longitudinal direction are found to be proportional to the mass of the bridge, span length, and bearings' stiffness. The effect of span length, number of spans, column size and steel strength on the seismic response of continuous and multi-span simply supported bridges are studied. Next, sliding of bridges after the bearings are severed is investigated. High intensity earthquakes are required to slide multi-span simply supported bridges when the bearings at the abutments are severed but single span simply supported and continuous bridges may have considerable sliding displacements depending on the $A\sb{p}/V\sb{p}$ ratio of earthquakes. The effect of cross-bracing as a retrofitting element for continuous and multi-span simply supported bridges is investigated. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Coal preparation plants are required in some cases to produce a high-grade product using a low specific gravity cut-point. For these situations, a second higher gravity separation would be desirable to generate a mid-grade product that can be utilized for electricity generation thereby maximizing coal recovery. A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of achieving efficient separations at two different density cut-points in a single stage using a three-product dense medium cyclone. Variations in density cut-point and process efficiency values were quantified as a function of the feed medium density, feed medium-to-coal ratio, and feed pressure using a three-level experimental design program. Results indicate the ability to effectively treat coal over a particle size range from 6mm to 0.15mm while achieving both low- and high-density cut-points up to 1.95 relative density. Ash content decreased from 27.98% in the feed to an average of 7.77% in the clean coal product and 25.76% in the middlings product while sulfur content was reduced from 3.87 to 2.83% in the clean coal product. The overall combustible recovery was maintained above 90% while producing clean coal products with ash and total sulfur content as low as 5.85 and 2.68%, respectively. Organic efficiency values were consistently about 95% and probable error values were in the range of 0.03 to 0.05, which indicates the ability to provide a separation performance equivalent to or better than traditional coal cleaning technologies.

In this thesis, we consider four different problems in membrane filtration, using a different mathematical approach in each instance. We account for the fluid-driven deformation of a filtercake using nonlinear poroelasticity in Chapter 2. By considering feeds with very high and very low particle concentrations, we introduce a quasi-static caking model that provides a suitable approximation to the full model for the physically realistic concentration regimes. We illustrate the agreements and differences between our model and the existing conventional cake-filtration law. In Chapter 3, we introduce a stochastic model for membrane filtration based on the quantised nature of the particles and show how it can be applied for feeds with different particle types and membranes with an interconnected pore structure. This allows us to understand the relation between the effects of clogging on the level of an individual pore and on the macroscopic level of the entire membrane. We conclude by explaining the transition between the discrete and continuous model based on the Fokker--Planck equation. In Chapter 4, we consider the inverse problem of determining the underlying filtration law from the spreading speed of a particle-laden gravity current. We first couple the theory of gravity currents with the stochastic model developed in Chapter~3 to determine a filtration law from a given set of experiments. We then generalise this idea for the porous medium equation, where we show that the position of the front follows a power law for the conventional filtration laws, which allows us to infer the clogging law in certain instances. We conclude the thesis by showing in Chapter 5 how we can combine experimental measurements for the clogging of a depth filter and simple fluid dynamics to accurately predict the pressure distribution in a multi-capsule depth filter during a filtration run.

La trattazione ha ad oggetto la responsabilità penale per omesso impedimento del reato e per omesso impedimento dell’evento concausato dall’azione criminosa di un terzo, nella giurisprudenza e nella dottrina italiana. Dopo un approfondimento sul controverso concetto di omissione nel diritto penale, il lavoro affronta gli orientamenti di giurisprudenza e di dottrina sull’omesso impedimento dell’evento-reato, ricostruito a partire dagli istituti della commissione mediante omissione e del concorso di persone nel reato. Il tema viene, infine, analizzato dalla prospettiva dell’omissione propria, proponendo un inquadramento del fenomeno all’interno delle “omissioni intermedie”.<br>The thesis deals with the criminal liability for failure to prevent crimes and failure to prevent events caused by criminal actions, in the Italian case law and literature. After a study on the controversial concept of “omission” in criminal law, the thesis addresses the judgements and the scholarship based on the commission by omission and on the criminal complicity. Eventually, the topic is addressed from the perspective of the “offences of failing to act”, suggesting the framework of the “omission of medium gravity” for the failure to prevent crimes.

Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 21.01.2020 р. №008/од "Про перевірку кваліфікаційних робіт на академічний плагіат 2019-2020р.р. навчальному році" . Керівник проекту: доцент, к.т.н. Закієв Вадим Ісламович<br>Object of the design is development of medium range aircraft with capacity of up to 273 passengers. Aim of the diploma work is the development of the aircraft preliminary design and characteristics estimation. The method of the design is analysis of the prototypes and selections of the most advanced technical decisions and analysis of center of gravity. The diploma work contains drawings of design of the medium range aircraft, passenger capacity up to 160 people, calculations and drawings of two categories of the aircrafts layouts and the ULD accomodated inside the cargo airplane. The results of the diploma work can be implemented to the academic education and also it can be used for the design bureaus.

The construction of the James Webb Space Telescope has brought attention to infrared astronomy and cosmology. The potential information about our universe to be gained by this mission and future infrared telescopes is staggering, but infrared observation faces many obstacles. These telescopes face large amounts of noise by many phenomena, from emission off of the mirrors to the cosmic infrared background. Infrared telescopes need to be designed in such a way that noise is minimized to achieve sufficient signal to noise ratio on high redshift objects. We will investigate current and planned space and ground based telescopes, model the noise they encounter, and discover their limitations. The ultimate goal of our investigation is to compare the sensitivity of these missions in the near and mid IR and to propose new missions. Our investigation is broken down into four major sections: current missions, noise, signal, and proposed missions. In the proposed missions section we investigate historical and current infrared telescopes with attention given to their location and properties. The noise section discusses the noise that an infrared telescope will encounter and set the background limit. The signal section will look at the spectral energy distributions (SED) of a few significant objects in our universe. We will calculate the intensity of the objects at various points on Earth and in orbit. In the final section we use our findings in the signal and noise sections to model integration times (observation time) for a variety of missions to achieve a given signal to noise ratio (SNR).

Hard Science-fiction shares a close relationship with the element of spectacle. This is especially apparent in Christopher Nolan’s Interstellar (2014), a film based in realistic science and emotional appeal. Nolan makes use of creating a team comprised of creative minds with different backgrounds. This includes theoretical physicist Kip Thorne, co-writer Jonathan Nolan, and composer Hans Zimmer. Together, the four develop a film that focuses on three main facets of science: time dilation, black holes, and dimensions. Incorporating these elements based in the historical world gives Interstellar its classification as hard science-fiction, a genre based more solidly in realistic science than classical science-fiction. Thorne serves as an executive producer and advisor to all matters scientific, Zimmer composes the score to accompany and intensify the moments of spectacle, and the Nolan brothers serve to create the plot behind Interstellar. The film’s spectacle can be seen throughout, notably in the “Miller’s Planet” and “Gargantua” scenes. Nolan also incorporates Welsh Poet Dylan Thomas’s “Do not go gentle into that good night” to exemplify the film’s theme of perseverance against increasing odds. It is through these elements that Interstellar serves itself as an exemplary film for showcasing the relationship between the nature of hard science-fiction and spectacle.

Etude de l'influence des contrastes de densite et de viscosite sur le deplacement miscible lors d'un passage du regime stable au regime instable. On propose un modele empirique pour un deplacement miscible eau douce-solution de chlorure de calcium: etude experimentale par mesure des conductivites electriques. Mise en evidence d'un critere de stabilite

In corso di gravidanza normale avvengono modificazioni emodinamiche centrali e periferiche volte a garantire le crescenti richieste nutritive dell'unità feto-placentare. L’ecografia con mezzo di contrasto (CEUS-Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography) a base di microbolle offre una nuova opportunità di monitorare e quantificare la perfusione utero-placentare in condizioni normali e patologiche. L’ecocardiografia è stata ampiamente usata in medicina umana per valutare l’adattamento morfo-funzionale cardiaco materno durante la gravidanza. Gli scopi di questo lavoro prospettico sono stati di applicare, per la prima volta nella specie equina, un mezzo di contrasto di II generazione (Sonovue®), al fine quantificare la perfusione utero-placentare in corso di gravidanza normale, valutandone gli effetti sul benessere materno-fetale e di descrivere le modificazioni nei parametri ecocardiografici morfometrici e funzionali cardiaci, in particolare relativi alla funzione del ventricolo sinistro nel corso di una gravidanza fisiologica. Due fattrici sane di razza Trottatore sono state monitorate ecograficamente in maniera seriale durante l’intero corso della gravidanza, tramite esame bidimensionale, ecocontrastografia dell'unità utero-placentare, flussimetria Doppler delle arterie uterine, ecocardiografia materna in modalità bidimensionale, M-mode, Doppler e Tissue Doppler Imaging. I neonati sono stati clinicamente monitorati e gli invogli fetali esaminati. Il pattern di microperfusione utero-placentare è valutabile quali-quantitativamente tramite la CEUS e dimostra un’aumento del flusso a livello di microvascolarizzazione uterina con l'avanzare della gravidanza; non è stata rilevata la presenza di microbolle a livello di strutture fetali nè effetti dannosi sul benessere materno-fetale. In questo studio sono state osservate delle modificazioni cardiache materne in corso di gravidanza fisiologica, relative all'aumento della FC, del CO ed in particolare all'aumento delle dimensioni dell'atrio sinistro ed a modificazioni nelle onde di velocità di flusso e tissutali di riempimento del ventricolo sinistro.<br>During normal pregnancy central and peripherical haemodynamic changes occurr to meet the increased nutrient demand of the growing feto-placental unit. Microbubble-based contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) offers a new opportunity to monitor and quantify utero-placental perfusion in normal and abnormal pregnancy. Echocardiography have been widely used in human medicine to evaluate maternal cardiac structural and functional adaptation to pregnancy. The aims of this prospectic study were to apply for the first time a II generation sonographic contrast medium (Sonovue®) to quantify utero-placental perfusion during equine normal pregnancy, evaluating the effects on feto-placental and maternal well-being, and to describe echocardiographic changes in cardiac morphological and functional parameters, focusing on left ventricle function, during normal pregnancy in the mare. Two healthy Standardbred mares were evaluated by serial sonographic examinations during pregnancy, using two-dimensional ultrasonography, utero-placental unit contrast-enhanced ultrasound, uterine arteries Doppler and echocardiography, including two-dimensional, M-mode, Doppler and Tissue Doppler Imaging. Newborn foals and fetal membranes were also evaluated. CEUS allowed monitoring and quantification of utero-placental perfusion pattern and demonstrated an increase in uterine microcirculation blood-flow during pregnancy; no microbubbles were detected in the umbilical vein and fetal compartments and no adverse effects on fetal and maternal well-being were observed. In this study, maternal cardiac haemodynamic changes were observed during normal pregnancy, including an increase in heart rate and cardiac output, an increase in left atrium dimensions and changes in left ventricular filling flow and tissue Doppler velocity waves.

In corso di gravidanza normale avvengono modificazioni emodinamiche centrali e periferiche volte a garantire le crescenti richieste nutritive dell'unità feto-placentare. L’ecografia con mezzo di contrasto (CEUS-Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography) a base di microbolle offre una nuova opportunità di monitorare e quantificare la perfusione utero-placentare in condizioni normali e patologiche. L’ecocardiografia è stata ampiamente usata in medicina umana per valutare l’adattamento morfo-funzionale cardiaco materno durante la gravidanza. Gli scopi di questo lavoro prospettico sono stati di applicare, per la prima volta nella specie equina, un mezzo di contrasto di II generazione (Sonovue®), al fine quantificare la perfusione utero-placentare in corso di gravidanza normale, valutandone gli effetti sul benessere materno-fetale e di descrivere le modificazioni nei parametri ecocardiografici morfometrici e funzionali cardiaci, in particolare relativi alla funzione del ventricolo sinistro nel corso di una gravidanza fisiologica. Due fattrici sane di razza Trottatore sono state monitorate ecograficamente in maniera seriale durante l’intero corso della gravidanza, tramite esame bidimensionale, ecocontrastografia dell'unità utero-placentare, flussimetria Doppler delle arterie uterine, ecocardiografia materna in modalità bidimensionale, M-mode, Doppler e Tissue Doppler Imaging. I neonati sono stati clinicamente monitorati e gli invogli fetali esaminati. Il pattern di microperfusione utero-placentare è valutabile quali-quantitativamente tramite la CEUS e dimostra un’aumento del flusso a livello di microvascolarizzazione uterina con l'avanzare della gravidanza; non è stata rilevata la presenza di microbolle a livello di strutture fetali nè effetti dannosi sul benessere materno-fetale. In questo studio sono state osservate delle modificazioni cardiache materne in corso di gravidanza fisiologica, relative all'aumento della FC, del CO ed in particolare all'aumento delle dimensioni dell'atrio sinistro ed a modificazioni nelle onde di velocità di flusso e tissutali di riempimento del ventricolo sinistro.<br>During normal pregnancy central and peripherical haemodynamic changes occurr to meet the increased nutrient demand of the growing feto-placental unit. Microbubble-based contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) offers a new opportunity to monitor and quantify utero-placental perfusion in normal and abnormal pregnancy. Echocardiography have been widely used in human medicine to evaluate maternal cardiac structural and functional adaptation to pregnancy. The aims of this prospectic study were to apply for the first time a II generation sonographic contrast medium (Sonovue®) to quantify utero-placental perfusion during equine normal pregnancy, evaluating the effects on feto-placental and maternal well-being, and to describe echocardiographic changes in cardiac morphological and functional parameters, focusing on left ventricle function, during normal pregnancy in the mare. Two healthy Standardbred mares were evaluated by serial sonographic examinations during pregnancy, using two-dimensional ultrasonography, utero-placental unit contrast-enhanced ultrasound, uterine arteries Doppler and echocardiography, including two-dimensional, M-mode, Doppler and Tissue Doppler Imaging. Newborn foals and fetal membranes were also evaluated. CEUS allowed monitoring and quantification of utero-placental perfusion pattern and demonstrated an increase in uterine microcirculation blood-flow during pregnancy; no microbubbles were detected in the umbilical vein and fetal compartments and no adverse effects on fetal and maternal well-being were observed. In this study, maternal cardiac haemodynamic changes were observed during normal pregnancy, including an increase in heart rate and cardiac output, an increase in left atrium dimensions and changes in left ventricular filling flow and tissue Doppler velocity waves.

Queijo, AF. Tradução para o português e validação de um instrumento de medida de carga de trabalho de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva: NURSING ACTIVITIES SCORE (N. A. S.). [Dissertação]. São Paulo (SP): Escola de Enfermagem da USP; 2002. O presente estudo teve como objetivos traduzir para o português e avaliar as propriedades de medida do Nursing Activities Score (NAS). A finalidade deste instrumento é medir carga de trabalho de enfermagem em UTI. O estudo foi subdividido em duas partes. A primeira composta da tradução do NAS para a língua portuguesa e a segunda, da análise da confiabilidade e validade do instrumento. Após o processo de tradução para a língua portuguesa, foi realizada sua aplicação em uma amostra de 200 pacientes adultos internados em UTIs. A avaliação da confiabilidade do instrumento, feita por meio da repetibilidade entre dois observadores, demonstrou alta concordância (99,8%) e índice Kappa médio de 0,99. Já a análise da consistência interna, verificada pelo coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach revelou que o NAS possui 23 medidas independentes que não comportam consolidação ou redução. O NAS também foi aplicado para as validades de critério (concorrente) e de constructo (convergente). A validade concorrente mostrou correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o TISS-28 e o NAS (r=0,67; p<0,0001), o mesmo ocorrendo quando se utilizou a análise de regressão (R2=94,4%; p<0,0001) Quanto a validade convergente, pela técnica da análise de regressão verificou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre o NAS e o índice de gravidade SAPS II, quando ao modelo foi inserida a variável idade. (R2=99,8%; p<0,0001). Pelos resultados obtidos, o NAS mostrou-se um instrumento confiável e válido para mensurar carga de trabalho de enfermagem em UTI, na realidade brasileira.<br>Queijo, AF. Translation to portuguese and validation of a instrument to measure work load of nursing in the intensive care unit (ICU): NURSING ACTIVITIES SCORE (N.A.S.). [Dissertação]. São Paulo (SP): Escola de Enfermagem da USP; 2002. The present study aimed to translate into Portuguese and to evaluate the properties of measure of the Nursing Activities Score (NAS). The purpose of this instrument is to measure work load of nursing in the intensive care unit (ICU). The study was subdivided in two parts. The first composed of translation and cross-cultural adaptation; and second, in the analysis of the reliability and the validity of the instrument. After the process of translation into Portuguese language and cross-cultural adaptation, was carried through its application in 200 adult inpatients in ICUs, in order to get the measure of reliability. At once, this was obtained by the repeatable between two observers by the statistical test of Kappa that demonstrated one high concord (99,8%) and average Kappa of 0,99. At once, the analysis of the internal consistency verified for the Cronbach´s alpha coefficient disclosed that it possess 23 independent measures that do not hold consolidation or reduction. The NAS was also applied for the validities of criterion (competing) and constructo (convergent). The competing validity showed statisticaly significant correlatio between the TISS-28 and NAS (r=0,67; p<0,001), the same occurring when the analysis of regression was used (r2=94,4%; p<0,001). About the convergent validity, by the technique of the regression analysis, it was verified signicant association statisticaly between NAS and the index of gravity SAPS II, when was inserted to the model the changeable age (r2=99,8%, p<0,001). For the gotten results, in the Brazilian reality, the NAS revealed a trustworthy and valid instrument to measure work load of nursing in ICU.

Orientador: Antonieta Keiko Kakuda Shimo<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T06:12:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cairolli_PaolaBombassaro_M.pdf: 4335607 bytes, checksum: 0d07bfd5c96cf5defc684a70365957ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: A gestação é um período de rápidas mudanças e adaptações, tanto corporais quanto emocionais. Ganho de peso, aumento das mamas, quadris e abdômen são algumas das mudanças corporais que acompanharão a mulher durante a gestação. Esse corpo em adaptação encontra na sociedade a cobrança da "perfeição", do ideal de beleza e boa forma. A imagem corporal é a representação mental do nosso corpo. Ela está em constante mutação, podendo ser alterada por informações, experiências sociais, emocionais e fisiológicas que o indivíduo recolhe no decorrer da vida. É por meio do corpo que interagimos com o mundo, é a partir dele que desenvolvemos a nossa identidade. A gestante vê o seu corpo mudando rapidamente e fugindo do que ela estabeleceu como sua identidade. O objetivo dessa pesquisa é avaliar a imagem corporal e a satisfação corporal de gestantes por meio da Escala de Medida em Imagem Corporal e um questionário sócio- demográfico e saber como esta escala se comporta na população gestante. O estudo se caracteriza como descritivo-exploratório. A amostra é composta por 93 gestantes do município de Vinhedo - SP que realizaram seus pré-natais das Unidades Básicas de Saúde e responderam aos questionários. Os escores totais e dos componentes da imagem corporal e a satisfação corporal (que é o equilíbrio entre os componentes da imagem corporal) foram analisados e relacionados aos dados sócio-demográficos como idade, IMC, entre outros. Tendo a escala se comportado de forma adequada para a população deste estudo, mostrando consistência interna muito boa (alfa de Cronbach = 0,912), obteve-se como resultado que a maioria das gestantes apresenta imagem corporal boa, sem alteração. Quando esta informação é relacionada aos dados sócio-demográficos, percebe-se relação significativa entre o peso corporal e a imagem corporal. Na avaliação da satisfação corporal, por sua vez, a maioria das gestantes (60,22%) estava insatisfeita. Esse resultado permite pensar que, quando se avalia os componentes da imagem corporal, eles podem se apresentar com escore elevado, mas não necessariamente em equilíbrio. Na associação com os dados sócio- demográficos, o peso corporal é, novamente, um fator de alteração na satisfação corporal das gestantes. Considerando os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a avaliação da imagem corporal e da satisfação corporal, por meio de escalas como a deste estudo, devem ser de conhecimento dos profissionais que trabalham com gestantes e aplicadas nos programas de pré-natal para identificar, tratar e/ou prevenir alterações que possam comprometer o bem estar e a auto-estima das gestantes. Programas de apoio a gestante com atendimento psicológico e atividades físicas que permitam às mulheres conhecerem e identificarem seus corpos são úteis para manter a imagem corporal boa neste período<br>Abstract: Pregnancy is a short period of body and emotional changes and adaptations. Weight gain, increases in breast size, widening of hips and belly are some of the body changes that will happen to the woman during pregnancy. This body in change finds in society a call for "perfection", body ideals and good shape. Body image is the mental representation of our body. It is constantly changing, and might be modified by informations and social, emotional and physiological experiences that the individual collects during life. By the body we experience the world and based on it we develop our identity. The pregnant woman sees her body changing and becoming different from what she had established as her identity. The aim of this research is to evaluate pregnant women's body image and body satisfaction using the Body Image Rating Scale (Escala de Medida em Imagem Corporal) and a social-demographic questionnaire, and to know how this scale behaves in a pregnant woman group. This is a descriptive-exploratory research. The sample is composed of 93 pregnant women from Vinhedo - SP that made their prenatal appointments at the Basic Health Units in this city and answered the questionnaires. The body image total and components scores and the scores of body satisfaction (the balance of body image components) were analyzed and related to the social-demographic data such as age, BMI, and others. Since the scale behaved properly to the sample of this study, in which internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha = 0,912), the results showed that the majority of the pregnant women presents positive body image, without disturbances. When this information is related to social-demographic data, significant relation between body weight and body image is noticed. In the evaluation of body satisfaction, however, the majority of the pregnant women (60.22%) was dissatisfied. This result shows that, when the components of body image are assessed, they can have high scores, but not necessarily in balance. In association with social-demographic data, body weight is, again, a factor of disturbance in pregnant women's body satisfaction. In conclusion, considering the achieved results, body image and body satisfaction assessment, using scales like the one this research did, must be known by professionals who work with pregnancy and must be applied in prenatal programs to identify, treat and/or prevent disturbances that can compromise welfare and self-esteem of pregnant women. Supporting programs to pregnant women with psychological therapy and physical activities that allow women to know and to identify their bodies are useful to keep the positive body image during this period<br>Mestrado<br>Enfermagem e Trabalho<br>Mestre em Enfermagem

The main objective of this thesis is to carry out a multidisciplinary study of the behavior of microblog users. To that end we first explore several user behavior patterns employing data mining techniques. Then we use social science theories of culture and socio-economic indicators to better understand differences and similarities of user behavior across countries. We found several insights on user behavior such as (i) social link recommendations made by current friends have a large effect on link formation and the accepted recommendations have more longevity than other links; (ii) as users mature, they evolve to adopt microblogs as a news media rather than a social network; (iii) the collective behavior of users from some countries standout, based on certain special characteristics such as conversations, reciprocity, etc.; (iv) national culture determines the temporal patterns with which users post, or the extent to which they mention, follow, recommend and befriend others; and (v) socio-economic and cultural features improve the prediction of communication strength among users from different countries.<br>El objetivo principal de esta tesis es realizar un estudio multidisciplinario sobre la conducta de los usuarios en microblogs. Para ello primero exploramos varios patrones de comportamiento de usuario usando técnicas de minería de datos. Luego usamos algunas teorías de las ciencias sociales en cultura e indicadores socioeconómicos para comprender mejor las diferencias y similitudes del comportamiento de los usuarios en diferentes países. Encontramos varios resultados interesantes sobre el comportamiento del usuario, tales como, (i) las recomendaciones de enlaces sociales hechas por amigos tienen un gran efecto sobre la formación de enlaces sociales y las recomendaciones aceptadas tienen más longevidad que otros enlaces; (ii) a medida que los usuarios maduran, estos evolucionan a usar los microblogs como un medio de comunicación en lugar de una red social; (iii) el comportamiento colectivo de los usuarios de algunos países se destaca en base a ciertas características peculiares, tales como conversaciones, reciprocidad, etc.; (iv) la cultura nacional determina los patrones temporales con los que los usuarios publican mensajes, o el grado en que se mencionan, recomiendan y siguen los unos a los otros; y (v) las características socioeconómicas y culturales ayudan a mejorar la predicción de la intensidad de la comunicación entre los usuarios de diferentes países.

博士<br>大同大學<br>生物工程學系(所)<br>99<br>In this study, we report the development of a fermentation medium designed specifically for very-high-gravity (VHG) ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By keeping amount of yeast pitched at ~107 cells ml-1, corn steep powder (CSP) at 1 % (w/v), and other medium components at low levels, the highest ethanol concentration (158.27±4.29 g l-1, equivalent to 20.06±0.54 %, v/v) was attained in 48h using batch fermentation. Comparatively, the lowest ethanol concentration (138.08±7.63 g l-1, equivalent to 17.50±0.97 %, v/v) was obtained when amount of yeast pitched and CSP was maintained at ~106 cells ml-1 and 5% w/v, respectively. A high-level amount of yeast pitched gives rise to fast glucose consumption rate; however, a high-level CSP retards yeast propagation, resulting in low ethanol production rate in the later stage of fermentation. t50, derived from logistic dynamic model, was proposed and implemented to evaluate VHG fermentation subjected to the variation of different culture compositions. t50 is the time required to consume 50% of initial glucose concentration (symbolized as ), or is the time required to produce half of the final ethanol concentration (symbolized as ). A 24 factorial experimental design, including four key ingredients: urea, ammonium sulfate, corn steep powder, and amount of yeast pitched, was planned to attest the applicability of t50 to discriminate the effectiveness of different growth media during VHG fermentation. The analysis of variance shows that t50 could differentiate among different VHG growth media, and be further adopted to cluster 16 datasets into four groups according to corn steep powder and amount of yeast pitched. The t50 difference between two VHG growth media varies 8.34 ~9.12 h, implying that the selection of a proper growth medium for VHG fermentation could drastically reduce fermentation time, thereby increasing the annual ethanol productivity. A 22 experimental plan was implemented to investigate the effect of dual free amino nitrogen (FAN) supplementation on the sweet sorghum fermentation under very-high-gravity (VHG) conditions. A rapid initial FAN uptake rate signified insufficient provision of utilizable nitrogen by sorghum mash alone. The ethanol productivity was 3.03 g L-1h-1 (equivalent to 146 g l-1 ethanol in 48 h when FAN was added) as compared to 0.93 g L-1h-1 (equivalent to 144 g l-1 ethanol in 156 h when FAN was not added) by using configuration of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Whereas, the ethanol productivity was 2.18 g L-1h-1 (equivalent to 139 g l-1 ethanol in 64 h when FAN was provided) as compared to 0.68 g L-1h-1 (equivalent to 125 g l-1 ethanol in 185 h when FAN was not provided) by using configuration of separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). Results indicate that SSF configuration with a dual addition of FAN-containing substances is the most efficient fermentation configuration among investigated cases. Such a configuration results in the highest ethanol yield and the shortest fermentation time. The ethanol productivity of this configuration was increased by 60 % as compared to other similar findings reported previously.