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MAURO, CESARE. "INDAGINE CEFALOMETRICA ORTODONTICA 3D: DAL FULL SIZE AI FOV RIDOTTI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/693229.
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OBJECTIVE CBCT IS ASSOCIATED WITH SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER RADIATION EXPOSURE,IN PARTICULAR WITH LARGE FIELDS OF VIEW (FOV) THAN CONVENTIONAL X-RAY TECHNIQUES COMMONLY USED IN ORTHODONTICS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO DESCRIBE A NEW MEDIUM FOV THREE DIMENSIONAL CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS ON CBCT AND TO COMPARE THIS METHOD FOR ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL DIAGNOSIS WITH TWO TRADITIONAL BI-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSES. MATERIALS AND METHODS 35 CBCT EXAMS (14 MALE; 21 FEMALE) WITH MEAN AGE 19,37+-11,76 WERE SELECTED FROM THE ARCHIVE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DENTISTRY OF ARMY MILITARY HOSPITAL, MILAN, ITALY. A MEDIUM FOV THREE DIMENSIONAL CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS COMPOSED OF 21 LANDMARKS (10 MIDSAGITAL AND 5 BILATERAL) AND 24 MEASUREMENTS (12 LINEAR, 12 ANGULAR) WERE PERFORMED USING A SOFTWEAR MIMICS RESEARCH® V. 17.0 (NV, TECHNOLOGIELAAN 15, 3001 LEUVEN, BELGIUM). ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL ANALYSIS BASED ON TRADITIONAL BI-DIMENSIONAL EXAMINATIONS WAS CALCULATED WITH ANB ANGLE AND WITS INDEX. COHEN’S WEIGHTED KAPPA WAS USED FOR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS TO PERFORM THE INTER RATER CONCORDANCE OF THE THREE DIFFERENT ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL EXAMINATIONS. RESULTS ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL DIAGNOSIS HAD PERFECT AGREEMENT COMPARING MEDIUM FOV THREE DIMENSIONAL CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS (FA-FB DISTANCE) AND ANB ANGLE (K=1). ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL DIAGNOSIS HAD MODERATE AGREEMENT COMPARING MEDIUM FOV THREE DIMENSIONAL CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS (FA-FB DISTANCE) AND WITS INDEX (K=0,57). CONCLUSIONS MEDIUM FOV THREE DIMENSIONAL CEPHALOMETRIC ANALYSIS IS SUFFICIENTLY PRECISE AND RELIABLE FOR ORTHODONTIC SAGITTAL DIAGNOSIS, COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF EXAMINATION, PROVIDING AN ADVANTAGE OF THE REDUCED IONIZING RADIATION EXPOSURE.
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Schmidt-Unterberger, Barbara. "The English-medium paradigm: a conceptualisation of English-medium teaching in higher education." Taylor&Francis Group, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6416/1/13670050.2018.pdf.
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The discourse on English-medium teaching in higher education uses several
terms and concepts to describe practices, very often synonymously. This
contribution aims to fill the research gap of a conceptualisation of
English-medium teaching in higher education. It will identify relevant
approaches and their corresponding terminology, as well as clarify which
approaches are most suitable for higher education. Given that the past
decades have seen a substantial rise in the use of English as a teaching
language in European compulsory schooling [Dalton-Puffer, C. 2011.
"Content and Language Integrated Learning: From Practice to Principles?"
Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 31: 182-183], the paper will also draw
parallels between the secondary and the tertiary levels of education. At
the same time, it will also be shown why insights drawn from research
conducted in secondary education cannot simply be transferred to the
tertiary level of education.
The main focus of the paper is on the "English-medium Paradigm", a
framework created to identify prevalent instructional types in Englishtaught
programmes at universities in non-Anglophone countries
[Unterberger, B. 2014. "English-medium Degree Programmes in Austrian
Tertiary Business Studies: Policies and Programme Design." Dissertation,
University of Vienna, 45-52]. The paradigm is based on terminological
and conceptual considerations gained from the critical discussion of
English for specific purposes, English for academic purposes, Content and
language integrated learning and English-medium instruction literature
[e.g. Bhatia, V. K. 1993. Analysing Genre: Language use in Professional
Settings. London: Longman; Hyland, K. 2006. English for Academic
Purposes: An Advanced Resource Book. London: Routledge; Dalton-Puffer,
C. 2007. "Academic Language Functions in a CLIL Environment". In Diverse
Contexts - Converging Goals: CLIL in Europe, edited by D. Marsh, 201-209.
Mehrsprachigkeit in Schule und Unterricht 6. Frankfurt am Main: Lang;
Dafouz, E., and U. Smit. 2014. "Towards a Dynamic Conceptual Framework
for English-medium Education in Multilingual University Settings". Applied
Linguistics. doi:10.1093/applin/amu034]. The paper therefore provides a
timely conceptualisation of the varieties of English-medium teaching in
higher education which also takes into account pedagogical
considerations as well as implications for curriculum design.
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Avasarala, Srikanti Rupa. "Blast overpressure relief using air vacated buffer medium." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54211.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-88).
Blast waves generated by intense explosions cause damage to structures and human injury. In this thesis, a strategy is investigated for relief of blast overpressure resulting from explosions in air. The strategy is based on incorporating a layer of low pressure-low density air in between the blast wave and the target structure. Simulations of blast waves interacting with this air-vacated layer prior to arrival at a fixed wall are conducted using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) framework. Pressure histories on the wall are recorded from the simulations and used to investigate the potential benefits of vacated air layers in mitigating blast metrics such as peak reflected pressure from the wall and maximum transmitted impulse to the wall. It is observed that these metrics can be reduced by a significant amount by introducing the air-vacated buffer especially for incident overpressures of the order of a few atmospheres. This range of overpressures could be fatal to the human body which makes the concept very relevant for mitigation of human blast injuries. We establish a functional dependence of the mitigation metrics on the blast intensity, the buffer pressure and the buffer length. In addition, Riemann solutions are utilized to analyze the wave structure obtained from the blast-buffer interactions for the interaction of a uniform wave an air-depleted buffer. Exact analytical expressions are obtained for the mitigation obtained in the incident wave momentum in terms of the incident shock pressure and the characteristics of the depleted buffer. The results obtained are verified through numerical simulations.
(cont.) It is found that the numerical results are in excellent agreement with the theory. The work presented could help in the design of effective blast protective materials and systems, for example in the construction of air-vacated sandwich panels. Keywords: Blast Mitigation, Air-depleted Buffer, Low Pressure, Blast Waves, Sandwich Plates, Numerical Simulations
by Srikanti Rupa Avasarala.
S.M.
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Ong, Gin Kaijing. "Short-to-medium term dengue forecast in Singapore." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/126991.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, May, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-116).
Dengue fever is currently the fastest spreading mosquito-borne disease in the world, and a substantial public health problem due to its geographic spread, intensity, and resulting economic impact. The disease is endemic in Singapore, and has caused multiple outbreaks of unprecedented magnitude in the last two decades. Without a specific antiviral agent or a safe, effective and affordable vaccine for the disease, vector control remains the most effective way to control dengue transmission. The objective of this thesis is to develop spatially resolved accurate short-to-medium term dengue forecast systems, informed by mechanistic understanding of dengue transmission from previous field studies. Such systems could improve our understanding of factors that influence the transmission of dengue fever in Singapore, and potentially be used by government agencies for the planning of targeted vector control measures.
Data on dengue persistence, housing types, rainfall and seasonality was used to predict weekly dengue incidence at a housing level (i.e. dengue incidence in the high-rise and low-rise subzone groups) and at a residential subzone level. For both spatial resolutions, a separate multiple linear regression submodel was constructed for each forecast horizon of 1 to 12 weeks. Our housing-level model was able to achieve good predictions up to 6 weeks in advance, with predictive R² greater than 0.5 and total explained variance greater than 60%, but our subzone-level model was not as successful. At a housing level, we found that rainfall, housing type and seasonality predictors became relatively more important at longer forecast horizons. We also found that increased rainfall months before implies lower dengue incidence, and that rainfall influences seasonal variability in dengue incidence to a large degree.
The low-rise subzone group was also associated with higher dengue incidence than the high-rise subzone group. These findings support hypotheses from previous field studies on the roles of rainfall and urban hydrology in shaping the spatiotemporal distribution of dengue in Singapore. These risk factors of dengue could be included in current operational forecast systems to improve their predictive performance.
by Gin Kaijing Ong.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program
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Amini, Seyed Hassan. "ULTRA CLEAN COAL PRODUCTION USING DENSE MEDIUM SEPARATION FOR THE SILICON MARKET." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/14.
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The production of high quality silicon requires the use of ultraclean coal containing less than 1.5% ash. The magnetite used to clean the coal in a dense medium process is a contaminant that seriously impacts the quality of the final silicon product. As such, research has been conducted to evaluate the potential to substitute the magnetite with fine silica–based alternative material generated during the silicon production process. Dense medium cyclone tests were performed based on a statistically designed program to determine the optimum conditions that maximize organic efficiency and minimize probable error and low–density bypass. The results revealed that a clean coal product with less than 1.5% ash can be produced using a medium formed from the silicon production waste with an organic efficiency value of around 99% and a probable error value below 0.02. There was no measurable bypass of high density particles into the product stream or low–density particles into the reject stream.
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Forssén, Per-Erik. "Sparse Representations for Medium Level Vision." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Computer Vision, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53309.
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In this thesis a new type of representation for medium level vision operations is explored. We focus on representations that are sparse and monopolar. The word sparse signifies that information in the feature sets used is not necessarily present at all points. On the contrary, most features will be inactive. The word monopolar signifies that all features have the same sign, e.g. are either positive or zero. A zero feature value denotes ``no information'', and for non-zero values, the magnitude signifies the relevance.
A sparse scale-space representation of local image structure (lines and edges) is developed.
A method known as the channel representation is used to generate sparse representations, and its ability to deal with multiple hypotheses is described. It is also shown how these hypotheses can be extracted in a robust manner.
The connection of soft histograms (i.e. histograms with overlapping bins) to the channel representation, as well as to the use of dithering in relaxation of quantisation errors is shown. The use of soft histograms for estimation of unknown probability density functions (PDF), and estimation of image rotation are demonstrated.
The advantage with the use of sparse, monopolar representations in associative learning is demonstrated.
Finally we show how sparse, monopolar representations can be used to speed up and improve template matching.
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Lienau, Karsten. "Spectral concentration for high contrast random media." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=956684971.
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Addison, Coby Braxton. "Development of a Multi-Stream Monitoring and Control System for Dense Medium Cyclones." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31120.
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Dense medium cyclones (DMCs) have become the workhorse of the coal preparation industry due to their high efficiency, large capacity, small footprint and low maintenance requirements. Although the advantages of DMCs make them highly desirable, size-by-size partitioning data collected from industrial operations suggest that DMC performance can suffer in response to fluctuations in feed coal quality. In light of this problem, a multi-stream monitoring system that simultaneously measures the densities of the feed, overflow and underflow medium around a DMC circuit was designed, installed and evaluated at an industrial plant site. The data obtained from this real-time data acquisition system indicated that serious shortcomings exist in the methods commonly used by industry to monitor and control DMC circuits. This insight, together with size-by-size partition data obtained from in-plant sampling campaigns, was used to develop an improved control algorithm that optimizes DMC performance over a wide range of feed coal types and operating conditions. This document describes the key features of the multi-stream monitoring system and demonstrates how this approach may be used to potentially improve DMC performance.Master of Science
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Aamir, Suhaib, and Umar Farooq. "Assessing the Preparedness of Small and Medium-sized Entities in Sweden : to Adopt International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs)." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-34857.
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SMEs serve as a backbone to keep an economy going and to boost it up in times of difficult hours like recession, for example. They are considered as the main source of modernization, innovation and entrepreneurial spirit. Like rest of Europe, 99% of enterprises are SMEs in Sweden which form a ratio of approximately 58 SMEs per 1000 inhabitants. Moreover SMEs employ around 60% of Sweden‟s manpower which shows their concern toward social responsibility.
Several companies irrespective of their size are bound by the statutory rules of a particular country in which they operate to prepare financial reports that conform to specified set of accounting principles. There has been much ongoing debate regarding the suitability of one set of accounting standards in a country for all its operating enterprises, regardless of their size. In July 2009 the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) published the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs). The IFRS for SMEs is intended to be applied to the general purpose financial statements of entities that do not have public accountability. The main theme of our thesis is to examine the suitability and difficulties faced by SMEs in Sweden towards IFRS for SMEs. Furthermore, this thesis will identify the problems that will be faced by SMEs in Sweden, in the process of adopting IFRS for SMEs. Lastly, this study will be conducted to check whether SMEs in Sweden prefer to choose and use IFRS for SMEs or Swedish GAAP.
In order to achieve the determined objectives, the study "Assessing the preparedness of small and medium-sized entities in Sweden to adopt International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) for Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs)" was conducted. A qualitative research employing semi-structured interviews was carried out with eleven interviews in order to solidify the quality criteria of our research work. Sample was selected based on convenient sampling from Umeå due to the limitations of resources in terms of cost and time; opinions from three different categories of respondents (audit firms, SMEs and experts‟ opinion from the academic perspective) would be gathered. All collected data would be analyzed against the theoretical framework, and with the help of analysis conclusion regarding this study would be drawn.
Based on the qualitative results, the findings exhibits that SMEs in Sweden are not inclined towards IFRs for SMEs and are not ready in any way to adopt these standards. The Swedish GAAP has been designed over years and all SMEs are very much familiar with the rules and principles applicable in Swedish GAAP. Therefore, according to our research inclination of SMEs in Sweden is towards Swedish GAAP rather than IFRS for SMEs.
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Cavallero, Sara. "Medium Access Control Protocols for Terahertz Communication." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textAbstract:
This thesis proposes and studies a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for networks of tags deployed over an industrial machine using THz communications.
Despite the great advantages of these frequencies, there are drawbacks that cannot be ignored, such as propagation delays that, even at small distances, are of the same order of magnitude as packet transmission times. For this reason, the mathematical models developed for Contention-Free and Contention-Based protocols take into account the propagation delay.
The main focus of this thesis is on the CSMA/CA protocol, which introduces channel sensing to reduce collisions and increase performance. The performance of the protocol are compared with two benchmarks, based on Polling and Aloha, considering an industrial machine scenario and accounting for physical and MAC layers features.
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Scherrer, Simon Scherrer Simon Scherrer Simon. "Skill prediction for medium-range weather forecasts." Zürich : ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science IACETH, 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=46.
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Samuelsson, David, and Rikard Andersson. "Medium duty support arm for HB30° parlours." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-103886.
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SAMUELSSON, DAVID, and RIKARD ANDERSSON. "Medium duty support arm for HB30° parlours." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad maskinteknik (KTH Södertälje), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104395.
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Holmes, Christopher Edward 1963. "Effective platform designs for medium lift helicopters." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29148.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design & Management Program, February 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95).
This thesis demonstrates that the use of platform design for medium lift helicopters can provide opportunities for reduced time to market and faster return to service of helicopters through faster design generation and reduced planning requirements. Through historical review of the S70 helicopter and the derivatives oft he basic model this thesis demonstrates that platform design methodologies address and minimize many of the difficulties associated with both the manufacture and post-deployment modification of the basic vehicle. Platform designing is used in a large number of industries with the rotorcraft industry being an exception. Point designs to specific customer requirements have been the historical norm. Given the high non-recurring costs associated with the development and certification of new aircraft systems, there remains a tendency in the rotorcraft industry to prolong the timeframe in which a specific aircraft continues to be manufactured by a particular supplier. Furthermore, after these aircraft are fielded they tend to have useful lives that could exceed thirty years and in many cases long after the circumstances for the original requirement have been removed. Also, the embedded technologies within the aircraft continue to evolve after the aircraft is fielded. Changing requirements and roles sometime require that these newer technologies be incorporated into the aircraft. Due to the high value of these already fielded aircraft there is a tendency of the operators to modify the fielded aircraft to adapt to the new mission and role as opposed to procuring newer a aircraft with the newer technologies already installed. This thesis concludes that through an understanding of the architecture of the air vehicle coupled with an assessment of the likely sections of that architecture that will change the enterprise is better positioned to respond to customer requirements with lower development investment. This thesis provides a review of the architecture of the S70A with particular attention to the instrument panel and allows for demonstration of protocols of platform designing. Various perspectives for assessing the architecture and maintaining the flexibility of the architecture are provided in the platform design context using the S70A helicopter as the central figure with the goal of providing a case study for reference during development of the next medium lift helicopter.
by Christopher Edward Holmes.
S.M.
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Kirkham, Thomas David. "Business data integration framework for small to medium enterprises (BDIFS) : a service-based framework to support eBusiness data interoperability for small to medium enterprises (SMEs)." Thesis, Bangor University, 2007. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/business-data-integration-framework-for-small-to-medium-enterprises-bdifs--a-servicebased-framework-to-support-ebusiness-data-interoperability-for-small-to-medium-enterprises-smes(41d3b1aa-d2ff-483c-b9c5-162b11e23ac1).html.
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Suijker, Dylan. "Ecodesign strategies in Small- and Medium Sized Companies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354983.
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The objective of this study is to find out how and why Small to Medium sized Enterprises (SME’s) practice ecodesign. This problem is investigated by conducting seven qualitative interviews with spokesmen from ecodesigning SME’s in The Netherlands. The motivations for the researched SME’s to practice ecodesign are that there are new business opportunities, that it improves the corporate image, that they have a desire to change production to benefit the environment, and out of (expected) governmental legislation. In this thesis it was found that the researched SME’s get their knowledge to ensure that their products are sustainable firstly from their employees. They also apply the method of trial and error, they consult scientific publications, suppliers, and on sustainability events. The Life Cycle Assessment was the only scientific method or tool that was used by the businesses of the respondents. The benefits of practicing ecodesign for the SME’s are that the demand for ecodesigned products is growing, that it improves the corporate image of the company, that it improves business to business relations, that it increases the loyalty of employees to their businesses through working on values that are important to them, and that it provides a new base for innovative ideas. Obstacles to practicing ecodesign seem to be that trade-offs have to be made and that consumers perceive that the ecodesigned products are overpriced.
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Gislén, Ylva. "Rum för handling : kollaborativt berättande i digitala medier /." Ronneby : Institutionen för arbetsvetenskap, Blekinge tekniska högsk, 2003. http://www.bth.se/fou/forskinfo.nsf/01f1d3898cbbd490c12568160037fb62/fa39784c84bce4b2c1256dc8003d0617!OpenDocument.
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Letková, Nina. "Aplikace mezinárodního účetního standardu pro malé a střední firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225310.
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Master thesis deals with the application of international financial reporting standard for small and medium-sized enterprises. The object of this thesis is to define the conceptual framework for financial reporting under IFRS for SMEs, to analyze the differences between CZ GAAP and reporting under IFRS for SME and then apply the acquired knowledge within practical part of master thesis along with the definition of the costs and benefits associated with the transition to IFRS for SMEs.
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Ram, Ronita. "Development of the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8208.
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This thesis examines how and why the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) added the project on Small and Medium-sized Entities (SMEs) onto its active agenda, and examines the complete SME project to understand the IASB’s standard setting activity. This study covers events from March 2000 to July 2009 and is important because it is the first to examine the IASB’s agenda setting activity and accounting standard setting in such depth. Conventional thinking since the 1950s has been that one set of reporting requirements should be applicable to all entities, regardless of size. From the time of its establishment in early 2001 the IASB’s constitutional mandate was to “develop in the public interest a single set of high quality ... accounting standards ... to help participants in the various capital markets of the world” (IASB, 2004: para 8, emphasis added). In 2009, however, the IASB promulgated an accounting standard International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) for Small and Medium Entities (SMEs), that seemed to overturn this thinking. This research applies historical research methods, observation at key meetings and interviews to carry out this study. This study employs a wide range of documents relating to the SME project and observations of key meetings. It also goes beyond the evidence in the public domain and includes 32 interviews with key people with an interest and involvement in the development of the standard. It also draws on International Standard-setting Report (IStaR) documents that provide detailed observer accounts of the IASB board meetings. Kingdon’s (1984) policy oriented agenda setting framework provides a means of interpreting the research material obtained. This framework identifies three streams—problem, policy and politics— to understand how issues gain entrance onto a policy maker’s agenda, and is also useful for interpreting the more detailed policy formulation. Key findings of this thesis show that the SME project was opposed within the IASB by both some board members and senior staff, who did not believe that the IASB had the mandate to produce another set of standards. There was a possibility that the project could have been blocked or sidetracked by those opposed to the project. Sir David Tweedie, the chairman of the IASB, removed these obstacles by seeking a change in the International Accounting Standard Committee Foundation (IASCF)’s constitution and creating a new senior position to direct the project. The director of the SME project reported directly to Tweedie. A legacy issue inherited from the IASB’s predecessor, the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC), noted a “strong demand exists for more work on the application of accounting standards to reporting by small enterprises” (IASC, 2000: para 29). As the IASB discussed this issue with its stakeholders, this potential project on SMEs was extended to include developing countries. Before the SME project was added onto the IASB’s agenda in July 2003, the project focus was narrowed to SMEs. The IASB assumed that SMEs and developing countries had similar reporting needs and that by developing the SME standard it would address the needs of developing countries. The IASB added the SME project onto its agenda for several reasons. The IASB was under external pressure to develop a simplified set of reporting standards for SMEs. There were also other groups, including the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG), and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), which had indicated they would step into the IASB’s standard setting domain if the IASB did not ii commit to the SME project. This possibility seemed to be a threat to the IASB, which wanted to protect its standard setting domain. Even before adding the project on SMEs to its active agenda the IASB had identified its proposed policy proposal if it were to act which was to minimise divergence from full IFRS. When the IASB issued its discussion paper in June 2004, it identified multiple objectives for the project of which the two primary objectives were to focus on meeting the needs of users of SME financial reports, and to reduce the reporting burden on SMEs. One of the secondary objectives was to facilitate transition to full IFRS, and this secondary objective seemed to be consistent with the IASB’s earlier proposed policy to minimise divergence. During the course of the project the IASB increasingly concentrated on the secondary objective of facilitating transition to full IFRS. The IASB seemed to resist changes sought via the public due process that would have simplified the recognition and measurement criteria in the SME standard. However, private lobbying by other groups such as EFRAG seemed more influential in convincing the IASB to provide some recognition and measurement simplifications. The IASB claimed that it was developing a standard for SMEs that would also assist developing countries, but it used a narrowly defined concept of public accountability to determine which entities can use the eventual standard. SMEs were described as those entities that do not have public accountability and that publish general purpose financial statements for external users. An entity was deemed to be publicly accountable if it was trading in the public market to raise funds or if it was holdings assets in a primary fiduciary capacity. The criteria used to determine which entities can use the standard were inconsistent with the description of the standard’s target users. Those entities that meet the criteria will not necessarily be SMEs. Rather it will be those regarded as nonpublicly accountable, according to the IASB’s definition of public accountability. The board struggled to find an appropriate title for the standard that aptly described the scope of the standard. The title of the project was changed five times but eventually, two months before the standard was released, it was re-titled IFRS for SMEs, despite the IASB’s awareness that the title is inconsistent with the criteria used to determine which entities can use the standard. However, the title IFRS for SMEs was considered to be widely understood and to give a positive impression of the standard. This study makes four contributions to the accounting standard setting literature. First, this study responds to a gap in the literature in relation to how issues are added on to the IASB’s agenda. This study showed that the IASB may add a project onto its agenda for several reasons other than those described in its Due Process Handbook. Second, the study showed that the IASB had already identified its proposed policy before adding the project onto its agenda. During the course of the project it became apparent that the IASB may not be open to making substantial changes to its predetermined policy as part of its due process. Third, the literature identified the need to understand the role of the technical staff in defining and managing projects. This study showed that the role of the technical staff extends beyond acting as an intermediary on the technical aspects of the project and includes managing projects to build support for and to market projects. Fourth, this study is the first to use only Kingdon’s framework to examine standard setting process of an international accounting standard setting body—the IASB. By using the Kingdon’s framework this study has highlighted subtleties embedded in the IASB’s standard setting process. This provides a better understanding of IASB’s agenda entrance process and how it develops a standard after it is added onto its agenda.
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Hung, Pui-ling Elsa. "Government support for small and medium enterprises (SMEs)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31967206.
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Cuhadaroglu, Burak. "Range/doppler Ambiguity Resolution For Medium Prf Radars." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609372/index.pdf.
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Range and Doppler measurement of targets for medium PRF radars is handicapped by folding and blind regions. This requires use of multiple PRFs and a resolver algorithm. The aim of the thesis is to develop various algorithms for the task and estimate their performance. Four different range and Doppler resolver algorithms and a test software is developed by using Matlab ®GUI and their performances due to the selected radar parameters in a multi- target environment are examined.
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Papadopoulos, Georgios. "Improving medium access for dynamic wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAD034/document.
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L’Internet des objets amène des contraintes uniques et une immense variété d’applications. Ceci oblige à être capable d’établir des communications efficaces en énergie (et néanmoins à faible délai) au sein de réseaux fortement dynamiques. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur l'amélioration du contrôle d'accès au medium (MAC), afin d’optimiser la gestion des communications sans fils,principale source de consommation d'énergie dans ces réseaux. Cette thèse discute de l’auto adaptation de solutions MAC asynchrones et montre qu’une coopération localisée entre objets communicants permet de maintenir un partage efficace de la ressource de communication face à une forte dynamique (trafic, mobilité, pannes). Outre une réflexion menée sur les outils de simulation et d'expérimentation, nous avons conduit des campagnes d'évaluations complètes de nos contributions qui traitent tant des changements de trafic que de la mobilité dans les réseaux très densesThe Internet of Things brings unique constraints and a huge variety of applications. This forces to be able to establish energy efficient communications (and never the less low-delay) within highly dynamic networks. We focused on improving the medium access control (MAC) to optimize the management of wireless communications, the main source of energy consumption in these networks. This thesis discusses the self-adaptation of asynchronous MAC solutions and shows that a localized cooperation between communicating objects can maintain an efficient sharing of the communication resource in highly dynamic networks (traffic, mobility, failures). In addition to a reasoning on the tools of simulation and experimentation, we conducted comprehensive evaluation campaigns of our contributions that address traffic changes and mobility in dense networks
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Ottaway, David. "Medium power stable lasers for high precision metrology /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho89.pdf.
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Carlegrim, Anna. "Study of medium equipment for Siemens Gas Turbines." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95288.
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This report is the result of a thesis performed at Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB which has many years of experience in the business of power generation. Normally the medium voltage equipment to the gas turbine is not supplied by Siemens. This type of equipment is usually delivered by other suppliers since Siemens do not have the basis of the medium voltage equipment in the actual delivery. The aim of the thesis was to investigate and find an overall solution for two typical examples for the delivery of the medium voltage equipment for the gas turbine SGT-600 and SGT-700. The result of the study contains protection equipment, dimension and options of equipment. The scope of this work contains two solutions for both gas turbines. The first solution is the net of 10,5kV, 50Hz and the other solution is the net of 13,8kV, 60Hz.Denna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete utfört på Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB som är ett väletablerat företag inom kraftgenereringsbranschen. Normalt levererar inte Siemens mellanspänningsutrustningen tillsammans med gasturbinen. Denna typ av utrustning levereras vanligtvis av andra leverantörer då Siemens saknar standardunderlag på den mellanspänningsutrustning som skall ingå i leveransen. Examensarbetet syfte var att ta fram ett helhetskoncept för leverans av mellanspänningsutrustning till Siemens gasturbiner, SGT-600 och SGT-700, för ett antal typfall. Studien innefattar utredning av leveransapplikationer, skyddsutrustning, dimensionering och val av utrustning. De leveransapplikationer som har valts att behandlas i rapporten är 10,5kV, 50Hz och 13,8kV, 60Hz för både SGT-600 och SGT-700.
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熊佩玲 and Pui-ling Elsa Hung. "Government support for small and medium enterprises (SMEs)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31967206.
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Mitchell, Paul Daniel. "Effective medium access control for geostationary satellite systems." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274491.
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Nutter, Christopher L. (Christopher Lowell). "Medium for exchange : Mission Bay media center/workplace." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69357.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-70).
A casualty of the containerization of oceanic commerce, 350 acre Mission Bay in San Francisco, previously a bustling industrial shipping port, has fallen to disuse over the last 20 to 25 years. Within the last five , plans have been finalized to redevelop the area as a new neighborhood, a distinct district such as the Sunset or Nob Hill. With integration and unification stated as their prime directives (at the scale of the block as well as the city), planners have laid out a scheme which includes 7,500 dwelling units and more than four million square feet of office and Research and Development space (relating to the regional high tech/biotech boom), all to be developed within the strict zoning and design gUidelines established by the city. The thesis takes the 'reality' of the site and the 'best intentions' of the planners as a starting point for an exploration of what a Research and Development workplace could be like in this new socially utopic, post-industrial 'future community. ' Rather than blindly accepting a typical scenario where the office is developed as a private, disconnected entity, separated from the neighborhood, 'public' space, and the urbanized landscape of the city, this workplace aggressively pursues such connections by exploiting its adjacent relationships at various scales and through a variety of experiential methods. The program, office space for a growing publishing/media company, has the potential to further these connections by expressing the public nature of its work and work products through its architecture. In addition to these external, contextual concerns, the project demands a clear understanding of the internal organization and flexibility required by a technologically evolving work environment; this investigation is similarly informed by a study of connections, the interior and exterior connections which reinforce the flexibility of spaces in the workplace. In the end, the area defined by the workplace will hopefully become a center for the neighbors, the workers, the community; a place that creates the programmatic and societal overlap that the Mission Bay planners so desperately want to achieve.
by Christopher L. Nutter.
M.Arch.
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Thacker, John Edward. "Design of medium pressure nozzles for cooling towers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55448.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 1997.One copy microfiche.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This project concerns the investigation of parameters controlling the behaviour of full-cone spray nozzles of the type used in cooling towers. In the present study large medium pressure hollow and full cone nozzles were investigated. A literature survey provided insight into the relationships between the nozzle dimensions and their spray characteristics, while equations found in the literature were used to correlate the experimental data. It was found that the spray cone angle of hollow cone nozzles could be manipulated by using rounded orifice outlets and this finding lead to the development of a uniquely profiled outlet that actually produces a square spray pattern. More experimental work was done to determine the relationship between the central jet of a full-cone nozzle and the other major nozzle dimensions. These results were then correlated and formulated into a set of guidelines for designing full-cone nozzles.
Digitized at 300 dpi Colour PDF format (OCR), using ,KODAK i 1220 PLUS scanner. Digitised, Ricardo Davids on request from Corinna 01 October 2014
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie projek behels 'n studie van belangrike parameters in volkegel sproeimondstukke soos gebruik in koeltorings. In die huidige studie word groot mediumdruk holkegel en volkegel sproeimondstukke ondersoek. 'n Literatuurstudie het die nodige insig verskaf omtrent die verwantskap tussen mondstuk dimensies en hul spuitkarakteristieke, terwyl vergelykings uit die literatuur gebruik is om die eksperimentele data te korreleer. Dit was gevind dat die sproeir kegelhoek van die holkegelmondstuk verander kon word deur gebruik te maak van geronde uitlate. Afleidings wat gemaak is het gely tot die ontwikkeling van 'n unieke geprofielde uitlaat wat 'n vierkantige sproeipatroon gelewer het. Bykomstige eksperimentele werk is gedoen om die verwantskap tussen die sentralestraal van 'n volkegelmondstuk en die ander hoof mondstukdimensies te bepaal. Die reultate is verwerk om riglyne vir die ontwerp van vierkantige patroon volkegel mondstukke daar te stel.
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CHOWDHURY, KAUSHIK ROY. "MULTI-CHANNEL MEDIUM ACCESS PROTOCOLS FOR WIRELESS NETWORKS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1142571415.
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Sahin, Orhan. "Development of a Selective Medium for Rhodococcus Equi." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1396440093.
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Ben, Khalifa Abderrahman. "Medium access control layer for dedicated IoT networks." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI063.
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Les réseaux dédiés pour l’Internet des Objets sont apparus avec la promesse de connecter des milliers de nœuds, voire plus, à une seule station de base dans une topologie en étoile. Cette nouvelle logique représente un changement fondamental dans la façon de penser les réseaux, après des décennies pendant lesquelles les travaux de recherche se sont focalisés sur les réseaux multi-sauts. Les réseaux pour l’Internet des Objets se caractérisent par la longue portée des transmissions, la vaste couverture géographique, une faible consommation d’énergie et un bas coût de mise en place. Cela a rendu nécessaire des adaptations à tous les niveaux protocolaires afin de satisfaire les besoins de ces réseaux. Plusieurs acteurs sont en concurrence sur le marché de l’Internet des Objets, essayant chacun d’établir la solution la plus efficiente. Ces acteurs se sont concentrés sur la modification de la couche physique, soit au niveau de la partie matérielle, soit par la proposition de nouvelles techniques de modulation. Toutefois, en ce qui concerne la solution de contrôle d’accès au canal (connue sous le nom de couche MAC), toutes les solutions proposées par ces acteurs se fondent sur des approches classiques, tel que Aloha et CSMA. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une solution MAC dynamique pour les réseaux dédiés à l’Internet des Objets. La solution proposée a la capacité de s'adapter aux conditions du réseau. Cette solution est basée sur un algorithme d'apprentissage automatique, qui apprend de l'historique du réseau afin d'établir la relation entre les conditions du réseau, les paramètres de la couche MAC et les performances du réseau en termes de fiabilité et de consommation d'énergie. La solution possède également l'originalité de faire coexister des nœuds utilisant de différentes configurations MAC au sein du même réseau. Les résultats de simulations ont montré qu'une solution MAC basée sur l'apprentissage automatique pourrait tirer profit des avantages des différents protocoles MAC classiques. Les résultats montrent aussi qu'une solution MAC cognitive offre toujours le meilleur compromis entre fiabilité et consommation d'énergie, tout en prenant en compte l'équité entre les nœuds du réseau. La solution MAC cognitive testée pour des réseaux à haute densité a prouvé des bonnes propriétés de passage à l’échelle par rapport aux protocoles MACs classiques, ce qui constitue un autre atout important de notre solutionDedicated networks for the Internet of Things appeared with the promise of connecting thousands of nodes, or even more, to a single base station in a star topology. This new logic represents a fundamental change in the way of thinking about networks, after decades during which research work mainly focused on multi-hop networks. Internet of Things networks are characterized by long transmission range, wide geographic coverage, low energy consumption and low set-up costs. This made it necessary to adapt the protocols at different architectural layers in order to meet the needs of these networks. Several players compete in the Internet of Things market, each trying to establish the most efficient solution. These players are mostly focused on modifying the physical layer, on the hardware part or through proposing new modulations. However, with regard to the channel access control solution (known as the MAC protocol), all the solutions proposed by these players are based on classic approaches such as Aloha and CSMA. The objective of this thesis is to propose a dynamic MAC solution for networks dedicated to the Internet of Things. The proposed solution has the ability to adapt to network conditions. This solution is based on a machine learning algorithm that learns from network history in order to establish the relationship between network conditions, MAC layer parameters and network performance in terms of reliability and energy consumption. The solution also has the originality of making possible the coexistence of nodes using different MAC configurations within the same network. The results of simulations have shown that a MAC solution based on machine learning could take advantage of the good properties of different conventional MAC protocols. The results also show that a cognitive MAC solution always offers the best compromise between reliability and energy consumption, while taking into account the fairness between the nodes of the network. The cognitive MAC solution tested for high density networks has proven better scalability compared to conventional MAC protocols, which is another important advantage of our solution
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Alvarez, Hidalgo Silverio Ladoux Philippe. "Characterisation of 3.3kV IGCTs for medium power applications." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000281.
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Ion, E. (Elena). "Brand building for small and medium sized companies." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201810052882.
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Small and medium sized companies represent 99% of businesses in the European Union and provide two thirds of the total private jobs. Despite the importance of SMEs category, there is scarce literature that covers the topic of brand creation in SMEs context. Knowing that SMEs have specific characteristics and encounter different kind of problems than large corporations, there is a clear need to create a better understanding about brand creation in SMEs environment.
The purpose of this study is to describe brand creation and brand building activities of six companies from Oulu area. Besides that, topics that are considered important in brand creation process, as perceived relevance of branding and most often encountered errors are also covered.
The study was done using qualitative methods. The research was implemented as a case study, in which in-depth interviews with representatives of companies and investigation of company websites, press releases were main sources for acquiring empirical data. Theory development was done using abductive reasoning.
Present study gives concise information about most important aspects of branding, together with several easy to follow solutions for brand creation. Empirical analysis offers an overview of contemporary branding practices employed by SMEs. It points out significant changes in attitudes towards branding among SMEs owners/managers. It shows that branding is perceived as an important activity that have potential to bring future benefits for firms. Modern entrepreneurs are aware of branding and make visible efforts in creating meaningful brands starting from early stage of development of firms. They tend to consult firm’s stakeholders and use professional help for the design of visual elements. SMEs owner still plays an instrumental role in defining and managing the brand, but in our days, he is helped by at least one employee. SMEs from Oulu area tend to use unconventional branding activities, like using products created and produced under own name, participation in professional events and fairs, PR activities and social media. Focusing branding activities towards a wrong target is reported to be one of the biggest error in branding.
Entrepreneurs that know little about branding, because learning from real-life situations might provide a useful tool to deal with actual problems. Scholars that study entrepreneurship, because it offers fresh information about branding practices.
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Butler, Patrick C. "Value proposition analysis for medium- and heavy- lift cargo unmanned aircraft systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122591.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2019, In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MITThesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019, In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-109).
The majority of current unmanned aircraft system (UAS) research is focusing on small UAS operations at low altitude over rural and underpopulated areas. There is a gap in research about UAS greater than 55 pounds. The first unmanned aircraft to operate in this airspace is likely to be unmanned air cargo vehicles. This paper analyzes the commercial market opportunities for medium- and heavy-lift cargo UAS by developing value propositions for each viable market. A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) tool was developed to analyze the value proposition for cargo UAS compared to other transportation vehicles. The MCDA tool evaluated the value generated from three different value attributes: cost, time, and vehicle characteristics. These were applied across fourteen different reference missions to assess the potential utilization of cargo UAS in those markets. The results of the analysis showed that a medium-lift cargo UAS is the best transportation vehicle for organ/blood transport, medical equipment transport, urgent delivery, remote delivery, and search and rescue operations. Heavy-lift cargo UAS proved to be the best transportation vehicle for oil rig delivery, HVAC service, and disaster relief. Additional findings showed that the most significant method to reduce cost for medium-lift cargo UAS is by applying autonomy and advanced command & control systems which facilitate the operation of multiple vehicles per operator. The most important consideration to reduce cost for heavy-lift cargo UAS is to increase the specific energy of the batteries used.
by Patrick C. Butler.
M.B.A.
S.M.
M.B.A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Watse, Dije Umaru. "Sources of Financing for Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4690.
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Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which account for 96% of businesses in Nigeria are often forced to close because they lack access to funds. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the sources of funds available for the development and growth of SMEs in Nigeria. The conceptual framework guiding this study was the pecking order theory. Data were gathered from company documents and through semistructured interviews of a target population of 3 leaders of 3 SMEs from the oil and gas industry in Abuja, Kano, and Lagos in Nigeria, with a capitalization of between N5 million to N500 million. Data were compiled and organized, disassembled into fragments, reassembled into a sequence of groups, and interpreted for meaning. Member checking and triangulation of sources between the interviews and company documents added to the trustworthiness of the findings. Two themes morphed from the study: sources of business finance for SMEs and constraints of sourcing of finance for business. The implications for positive social change include the potential to create employment opportunities for youths in the communities by enabling SMEs in Nigeria to succeed and expand through the identification of sources of funding.
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Dubey, Prachi. "Development of cardiac patches using medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates for cardiac tissue engineering." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2017. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q32v3/development-of-cardiac-patches-using-medium-chain-length-polyhydroxyalkanoates-for-cardiac-tissue-engineering.
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Medium chain length-PHAs (MCL-PHAs) have properties that make them exceptional for applications in cardiac tissue engineering. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death worldwide. Cardiac patches aim to facilitate the normal functioning of the heart muscle by providing repair and support to the infarcted tissue post myocardial infarction. In this project, two MCL-PHAs, poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) (P(3HO) homopolymer and poly(3-hydroxynonanoate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate) P(3HN-co-3HHP) were produced from Pseudomonas mendocina CH50 using sodium octanoate and sodium nonanoate respectively as the carbon source and the growth profiles were monitored for 48 h. The polymers were characterised to confirm the chemical structure of the polymers. Different types of scaffolds were fabricated like plain films, random fibres and aligned fibres, using different ratios of P(3HO) and P(3HN-co-3HHP) which were 100:0 (P(3HO)), 20:80 (P(3HO):P(3HN-co-3HHP), 50:50 (P(3HO):P(3HN-co-3HHP), 80:20 (P(3HO):P(3HN-co-3HHP) and 0:100 P(3HN-co-3HHP). The mechanical and thermal properties of the films were analysed along with the wettability of all the scaffolds. In vitro cytocompatibility studies were also conducted on all the different scaffolds (films, random and aligned fibres) by growing human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) on them. The cells were found to be viable and healthy with comparable beating rates and calcium transients to that measured on gelatin which was used as the positive control. The cell alignment quantification on the aligned fibres indicated around 50% of the cells were aligned in one direction. Porous 5 wt% 2D scaffolds and porous 20 wt% 3D structure were fabricated using P(3HO) and different concentrations of the porogen, sucrose and NaCl respectively, to obtain pores in the size range of 250-300 μm which exhibited decreased hydrophobicity compared to the neat scaffolds. In vitro cell culture with C2C12 exhibited higher cell proliferation rate on the porous P(3HO) structures as compared to the neat P(3HO) film. The P(3HO) and PANI (polyaniline) blend scaffolds were fabricated to introduce electrical conductivity and they were analysed for their material characteristics. The effect of the addition of PANI on cardiomyocyte proliferation was studied using neonatal ventricular rat myocardial cells (NVRM). A one step method involving the use of poly(ethylene oxide-stat-propylene oxide) with isocyanate end groups (NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) was used for the incorporation of RGD, YIGSR peptides and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the surface of P(3HO)/P(3HN-co-3HHP) (80:20) electrospun fibres and enhanced cell viability was studied using NVRMs.
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Bolívar, Díaz Nicolás. "Medium access control messaging scheme for cognitive radio networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84098.
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Cognitive Radio (CR) is one possible option for mitigating the inefficient wireless spectrum distribution that occurs as a result of fixed spectrum allocation. The use of Dynamic Spectrum Access capabilities will potentially enable secondary users to utilize available and unoccupied frequency slots (channels) whenever the licensed users for those channels are absent. In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), whenever users access the spectrum in an opportunistic manner, control messaging is a crucial issue to ensure that secondary users, i.e. Cognitive Radio Users (CRUs), do not interfere with the licensed users, i.e. Primary Users. In CRNs, where not all CRUs share the same set of channels, i.e. CRUs with Heterogeneous Frequency Devices (HFD), a set of channels must be chosen with care to allow all CRUs in the network to be able to transmit and receive control information. The thesis considers how Control Messaging Schemes (CMSs) can be used within CRNs and proposes a novel CMS for a CRN supporting HFDs. The thesis starts by classifying the CMSs; generating a new taxonomy and identifying the main characteristics for an efficient CRN with HFD. Then, different mathematical approaches for choosing the set of channels used for control information are presented. Next, a CMS for a CRN with HFDs model based upon the aforementioned characteristics and calculating the minimum number of channels for transmitting control information is proposed. Finally the thesis concludes with a number of CMS being presented and evaluated in terms of their impact upon transmission efficiency.
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Kalfas, Georgios. "Medium-transparent MAC protocols for converged optical wireless networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406358.
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In order to address the explosive demand for high-capacity and omnipresent wireless access, modern cell-based wireless networks are slowly adopting two major solution roadmaps. The first is the employment of small-cell formations in order to increase the overall spectral efficiency, whereas the second is the employment of higher frequency bands, such as the mm-wave 60GHz band, that offers vast amounts of bandwidth. Depending on the specific application, the above solutions inevitably require the installation and operational management of large amounts of Base Stations (BSs) or Access Points (APs), which ultimately diminishes the overall cost-effectiveness of the architecture. In order to reduce the system cost, Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology has been put forward as an ideal candidate solution, due to the fact that it provides functionally simple antenna units, often termed as Remote Antenna Units (RAUs) that are interconnected to a central managing entity, termed as the Central Office (CO), via an optical fiber. Although extensive research efforts have been dedicated to the development of the physical layer aspects regarding RoF technologies, such as CO/RAU physical layer design and radio signal transport techniques over fiber, very limited efforts have con-centrated on upper layer and resource management issues. In this dissertation, we are concerned with access control and resource management of RoF-based mm-wave network architectures targeting the exploitation of the dual medium and its centralized control properties in order to perform optimal optical/wireless/time resource allocation. In this dissertation, we propose a Medium-Transparent MAC (MT-MAC) protocol that concurrently administers the optical and wireless resources of a 60GHz RoF based network, seamlessly connecting the CO to the wireless terminals through minimal RAU intervention. In this way, the MT-MAC protocol forms extended reach 60GHz WLAN networks offering connectivity amongst wireless devices that are attached to the same or different RAUs under both Line of Sight (LOS) and non LOS conditions. The notion of medium-transparency relies on two parallel contention periods, the first in the optical domain and the second in the wireless frequency and time domains, with nested dataframe structures. The MT-MAC operation is based on a proposed RAU design that allows for wavelength selectivity functions, thus being compatible with completely passive optical distribution network implementations that are predominately used by telecom operators today. Two variants of the MT-MAC protocol are considered. The first offers dynamic wavelength allocation with fixed time windows, whereas the second targets fairness-sensitive applications by offering dynamic wavelength allocation with dynamic transmission opportunity window sizes, based on the number of active clients connected at each RAU. Both variants of the protocol are evaluated by both simulation and analytical means. For the latter part, this thesis introduces two analytical models for calculating saturation throughput and non-saturation packet delay for the converged MT-MAC protocol. Finally, this thesis presents an extensive study regarding the network planning and formation of 60GHz Gigabit WLAN networks when the latter are deployed over existing Passive Optical Network (PON) infrastructures. Three possible architectures where studied: i) the RoF approach, ii) the Radio & Fiber approach and iii) the hybrid RoF-plus-R&F approach that combines the properties of both the aforementioned architectures. During the elaboration of this thesis, one major key conclusion has been extracted. The work proposed in this thesis considers that there is a fundamental requirement for implementing new converged optical/wireless MAC protocols, that have the complete overview of both available resources in order to effectively administer the hybrid Radio-over-Fiber networks.A fin de atender la demanda explosiva de alta capacidad y acceso inalámbrico omnipresente, las redes inalámbricas basadas en celdas están poco a poco adoptando dos principales guías de solución. La primera es el empleo de formaciones de celdas pequeñas con el fin de aumentar la eficiencia espectral global, mientras que la segunda es el empleo de bandas de frecuencia superior, como la banda de 60GHz, la cual ofrece una gran cantidad de ancho de banda. Dependiendo de la aplicación en específico, las soluciones anteriores inevitable-mente requieren de una instalación y una gestión operativa de grandes cantidades de Estaciones Base o Puntos de Acceso, que en última instancia disminuye la rentabilidad de la arquitectura. Para reducir el coste, la tecnología radioeléctrica por fibra (RoF) se presenta como una solución ideal debido al hecho de que proporciona unidades de antenas de sim-ple funcionamiento, a menudo denominadas Unidades de Antenas Remotas (RAUs), las cuales están interconectadas a una entidad central de gestión, denominada Oficina Central (CO), a través de la fibra óptica. A pesar de que se han dedicado muchos esfuerzos de investigación al desarrollo de varios aspectos de las capas física con respecto a las tecnologías RoF, muy pocos esfuerzos se han concentrado en la capa superior y cuestiones de gestión de recursos. En esta tesis, nos enfocando en el control de acceso y gestión de recursos de arquitecturas RoF y comunicaciones milimétricas, con el fin de aprovechar y explotar el medio dual y las propiedades para realizar una óptima asignación de los recursos ópticos, inalámbricos y temporales. Nosotros proponemos un protocolo Transparente al Medio MAC (MT-MAC) que simultáneamente administre los recursos ópticos e inalámbricos de una red RoF a 60GHz, conectando a la perfección el CO a los terminales inalámbricos a través de una mínima intervención RAU. El protocolo MT-MAC forma unas redes WLAN 60GHz de alcance extendido, ofreciendo así conectividad entre los dispositivos inalámbricos que están conectados al mismo o diferentes RAUs bajo con o sin Línea de Vista (condiciones LOS o NLOS) respectivamente. La noción de transparencia al medio se basa en dos períodos de contención para-lelos, el primero en el dominio óptico y el segundo en la frecuencia inalámbrica y dominio del tiempo, con estructuras de datos anidados. La operación MT-MAC se basa en proponer un diseño RAU que permita la selectividad de funciones de longitud de onda. Dos variantes del protocolo MT- MAC son considerados; el primer ofrece asignación de longitud de onda dinámica con ventanas de tiempo fijo, mientras que la segunda tiene como objetivo entornos de aplicaciones sensibles ofreciendo asignación de longitud de onda con tamaño de ventana de oportunidad de transmisión dinámico, basado en el número de clientes conectados en cada RAU. Ambas variantes del protocolo están evaluadas tanto por medios analíticos como de simulación. En la segunda parte, esta tesis introduce dos modelos analíticos para calcular el rendimiento de saturación y no saturación del retardo de paquetes para el protocolo MT-MAC convergente. Finalmente, esta tesis presenta un extenso estudio de la planificación de red y la formación de redes 60GHz Gigabit WLAN cuando esta se encuentra desplegada sobre las ya existente infraestructuras de Redes Ópticas Pasivas (PONs). Tres posibles arquitecturas han sido estudiadas: i) el enfoque RoF, ii) el enfoque Radio y Fibra , y iii) el enfoque híbrido, RoF más R&F el cual combina las propiedades de ambas arquitecturas anteriormente mencionadas. Durante la elaboración de esta tesis, se ha extraído una importante conclusión: hay un requerimiento fundamental para implementar nuevos protocolos ópticos/inalámbricos convergentes, que tengan una completa visión de ambos recursos disponibles para poder administrar efectivamente las redes de tecnología RoF.
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Myjak, Mitchell John. "A medium-grain reconfigurable architecture for digital signal processing." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2006/m%5Fmyjak%5F042706.pdf.
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Ozcan, Orhan. "Medium Development For Production Of Bacillus Thuringiensis Based Biopesticides." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609285/index.pdf.
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The insect pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) holds great promise as an effective and friendly way for management of the pests with safety for nontarget animals and humans. However, high capital investment due to high production and formulation cost of commercial Bt preparations has caused prohibitive effect on companies. The present study mainly aimed at developing a low cost medium that supports the growth of different Bt strains and their specific bioinsecticidal δ
-endotoxins (crystal proteins). A comparison was made between the representative members of three different subspecies of Bt to observe toxin yields in response to certain nutritional conditions. Three different Bt subspecies were Bt kurstaki (strain 81), Bt israelensis (strain HD500) and Bt tenebrionis (strain 3203), producing lepidoptera- and diptera-specific Cry1 and Cry2, diptera-specific Cry4Ba and Cry11Aa and coleoptera-specific Cry3Aa toxins, respectively. Studies were conducted to optimize glucose and inorganic phosphate concentrations in standard DSM medium for the production of these Bt-based biopesticides. General suppression of toxin yields in high glucose medium (10 g/L) thought the generality of carbon catabolite regulation for biosynthesis of different types of toxins. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) level was important for Cry4Ba, Cry11Aa and Cry3Aa biosynthesis while Cry1 and Cry2 production was not responsive to high Pi. Wastewater sludge, fruit residues and broiler litter were next tested as cheap raw materials for Bt-based biopesticide production in batch cultures. Broiler litter seemed to be a much better substrate among all since some degree of production of each toxin was observed at almost every stage of fermentation. The processing of broiler litter was found to significantly improve toxin yields. The medium prepared from processed broiler litter was successfully used to cultivate all Bt stains and obtain bioinsecticidal proteins in high yields which were comparable or higher than those that can be obtained on standard semi-synthetic media.
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Haapola, J. (Jussi). "Evaluating medium access control protocols for wireless sensor networks." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514261152.
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Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offer us a potential for greater awareness of our surroundings, collecting, measuring, and aggregating parameters beyond our current abilities, and provide an opportunity to enrich our experience through context-awareness. As a typical sensor node is small with limited processing power, memory, and energy resources, in particular, these WSNs must be very energy-efficient for practical deployment. Medium access control (MAC) protocols are central to the energy-efficiency objective of WSNs, as they directly control the most energy consuming part of a sensor node: communications over the shared medium.
This thesis focuses on evaluating MAC protocols within the WSN domain by, firstly, surveying a representative number of MAC protocols and their features. Secondly, three novel MAC protocols are proposed, one for layered contention-based access, one for layered scheduled access, and one for cross-layer contention-based access. Thirdly, a novel energy consumption model is proposed, and fourthly, a holistic MAC protocol evaluation model is proposed that takes into account application emphasis on performance metrics. The MAC protocols are evaluated analytically. In addition, the layered contention-based MAC protocol has been implemented and measured, and the cross-layer contention-based protocol operating over an impulse radio-ultra wideband (IR-UWB) physical layer has been verified by simulations with relevant physical layer characteristics. The energy consumption evaluation model proposed is straightforward to modify for evaluating delay, and it can reuse state transition probabilities derived from throughput analysis. The holistic application-driven MAC protocol evaluation model uses a novel single compound metric that represents a MAC protocol's relative performance in a given application scenario.
The evaluations have revealed several significant flaws in sensor MAC protocols
that are adapted to sensor networking from ad hoc networks. Furthermore, it has been shown that,
when taking sufficient details into account, single hop communications can outperform multi-hop
communications in the energy perspective within the feasible transmission ranges provided by
sensor nodes. The impulse radio physical layer introduces characteristics to MAC protocols that invalidate traditional techniques which model the physical layer in terms of simple collisions. Hence, these physical layer characteristics have been modelled and included in the analysis, which improves the level of agreements with simulated results.
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Ghaboosi, K. (Kaveh). "Intelligent medium access control for the future wireless networks." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514292187.
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Abstract
Medium access control (MAC) in wireless ad hoc networks has received considerable attention for almost a couple of decades; however, there are still open problems which deserve thorough study in order to facilitate migration to the next generation broadband wireless communication systems. In ad hoc networks, a detected frame collision can be due to the so-called unreachability problem, where the destination station is situated either in the transmission or interference range of an emitting station and is unable to receive connection establishment frames from any of its neighboring stations. Unreachability might also be due to the inability of a radio station to respond to any connection establishment request, though when the unreachable station receives the connection establishment requests, however, it is prohibited from responding to the requests due to being situated in the interference range of the emitting neighbor.
To investigate the impact of this problem, we have to be equipped with a proper analytical framework; therefore, as the first part of this thesis, a scalable framework called Parallel Space – Time Markov chain (PSTMC) is proposed, through which a finite load non-saturated ad hoc network can be easily modeled. At the first step, a single-hop ad hoc network is considered and the accuracy of the model is evaluated using extensive numerical results. Subsequently, the proposed framework is further extended to model multi-hop ad hoc networks. Several discussions are also given on how the framework can be deployed for an arbitrary network topology. One of the main key features of the PSTMC model is its remarkable scalability in modeling complex network configurations. In fact, it is shown that multi-hop ad hoc networks have bounded complexity in being modeled by the PSTMC framework due to its spectacular specifications. These features lead us to a powerful tool by which an arbitrary network topology can be studied. In addition, the proposed models clearly facilitate demonstrating the impact of the unreachability problem on the performance of multi-hop networks. The introduced framework shows how the unreachability problem degrades the achieved throughput and channel capacity by the contending radio stations depending on the deployed network topology.
In the remainder of the thesis the unreachability problem in mobile ad hoc networks is tackled and a new MAC protocol to enhance the performance of the network is proposed. This MAC scheme is equipped with smart decision-making algorithms as well as adaptive management mechanisms to reduce the impact of the unreachability problem in single channel scenarios. Subsequently, the problem of concurrent radio resource management and contention resolution in multi-channel cognitive ad hoc networks is considered. In particular, a multi-channel technique for traffic distribution among a set of data channels without centralized control, which is enabled by a probabilistic channel selection algorithm as well as a multi-channel binary exponential backoff mechanism, is proposed. It is shown through simulations that the suggested scheme outperforms the existing MAC protocols in multi-channel environments as well as cognitive networks coexisting with primary users. A mathematical model is also introduced to study the performance of the multi-channel MAC protocol in a single-hop non-saturated wireless network.
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Wong, Kai Juan. "Energy-efficient wireless medium access control protocols for Specknets." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25331.
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A Speck is intended to be a miniature device (measuring 5x5x5mm) that integrates sensing, processing and wireless networking capabilities. A network of Specks is called a Specknet, and the collaborative processing carried out on such a Specknet is termed as Speckled Computing. For the physical aspects, as the miniature Speck is still being realised, research began with the selection of the wireless communication medium followed by the development of a larger physical Speck prototype – the ProSpeckz. The ProSpeckz allowed algorithms targeted at Specks to be developed and analysed in the absence of the actual devices. A number of demonstrators for the ProSpeckz were developed to validate the prototype followed by the construction of an experimental platform – the PerSpeckz-64, which consisted of 64 ProSpeckz placed in a 8x8 grid to enable researchers to remotely execute and monitor algorithms on a network of ProSpeckz. In the case of the MAC layer, the focus was to develop and analyse MAC algorithms that enabled Specks to extend their lifetimes by duty-cycling the radio. A class of novel MAC algorithms, called SpeckMAC, was proposed and compared against B-MAC, a well known power-aware unsynchronized random-access MAC algorithm. Evaluations carried out using both mathematical models as well as physical implementation on the ProSpeckz and PerSpeckz-64 demonstrated that SpeckMAC outperformed B-MAC in terms of energy efficiency, delivery ratio and latency under both broadcast and unicast types of traffic. Finally, research in the networking layer explored the possibility of employing wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) routing protocols on Specks given the underlying SpeckMAC algorithms. A hybrid algorithm, SpeckMAC-H, was also proposed to enable nodes to switch on-the-fly between the two versions of the Speck MAC algorithms to optimise energy efficiency. All the SpeckMAC algorithms were analysed using the Qualnet network simulator with Dynamic source Routing (DSR) and Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) selected as the target MANET routing protocols. The simulations successfully demonstrated that it was indeed possible to employ MANET routing protocols with SpeckMAC as the underlying energy-efficient MAC algorithm.
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Yan, Yan. "Intelligent medium access control protocols for wireless sensor networks." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10671/.
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The main contribution of this thesis is to present the design and evaluation of intelligent MAC protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The objective of this research is to improve the channel utilisation of WSNs while providing flexibility and simplicity in channel access. As WSNs become an efficient tool for recognising and collecting various types of information from the physical world, sensor nodes are expected to be deployed in diverse geographical environments including volcanoes, jungles, and even rivers. Consequently, the requirements for the flexibility of deployment, the simplicity of maintenance, and system self-organisation are put into a higher level. A recently developed reinforcement learning-based MAC scheme referred as ALOHA-Q is adopted as the baseline MAC scheme in this thesis due to its intelligent collision avoidance feature, on-demand transmission strategy and relatively simple operation mechanism. Previous studies have shown that the reinforcement learning technique can considerably improve the system throughput and significantly reduce the probability of packet collisions. However, the implementation of reinforcement learning is based on assumptions about a number of critical network parameters. That impedes the usability of ALOHA-Q. To overcome the challenges in realistic scenarios, this thesis proposes numerous novel schemes and techniques. Two types of frame size evaluation schemes are designed to deal with the uncertainty of node population in single-hop systems, and the unpredictability of radio interference and node distribution in multi-hop systems. A slot swapping techniques is developed to solve the hidden node issue of multi-hop networks. Moreover, an intelligent frame adaptation scheme is introduced to assist sensor nodes to achieve collision-free scheduling in cross chain networks. The combination of these individual contributions forms state of the art MAC protocols, which offers a simple, intelligent and distributed solution to improving the channel utilisation and extend the lifetime of WSNs.
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McElroy, Rachelle, Itzel Orozco, and Renee Simard. "Applying Strategic Sustainability : For Small and Medium Sized Enterprises." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3015.
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Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are an underutilised sector to disseminating sustainability within communities. Entrepreneurs are action-oriented individuals who enjoy challenges and act upon environmental feedback, making them ideal change agents. However, there is a lack of tools specifically targeted towards SMEs to help them act strategically towards sustainability. In order to support entrepreneurs and motivate them into becoming catalysts for change towards sustainability the research team identified the need to provide them with a customized tool. The tool will be focused towards entrepreneurs interested in starting up new businesses with a core strategy of sustainable development. If the entrepreneur is able to apply sustainability at the beginning of their business venture, it reduces the need for later corrections. The research examines what is needed in a tool to support entrepreneurs and how to encourage them through the conception of adopting sustainable strategies.Renee Simard #1066 Amphion St., Victoria, BC V8S 4G3 Rachelle McElroy 637 Cowper St. Victoria, BC V9A 2E8 Itzel Orozco 1138 E 22nd Ave Eugene OR 97403 United States
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Harris, Sarah Lucia. "More than meets the eye, visual medium for ministry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0026/NQ48812.pdf.
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Plosz, Laura Marlayne. "Multiplicity through abstraction, a design for medium-density housing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0025/MQ50309.pdf.
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Shoemaker, Jennifer Anne. "Networked empowerment the internet as medium for environmental filmmaking /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/shoemaker/ShoemakerJ1207.pdf.
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Kohagura, Monique Sachie. "Local coordination medium access control for wireless sensor networks." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/m_kohagura_050808.pdf.
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Wang, Xudong. "Medium access control protocols for next generation wireless networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13267.
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