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Academic literature on the topic 'Medium access controls (MAC) protocols'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Medium access controls (MAC) protocols"

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Harikrishnan, Harshini, Aarjish Sarkar, Shams Al Ajrawi, Albena Mihovska, and Christopher Paolini. "Medium Access Control Protocols for Brain Computer Interface Applications." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 13, no. 2 (April 2021): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2021040103.

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Noteworthy advancements have occurred in the field of brain computer interfaces (BCI) in the last decade. The transmission of the collected signals to the corresponding organ through a wireless link is still in a nascent stage. This paper investigates the feasibility of having multiple UHF-RFID transmitters inside the skull which communicate to the receiver outside. The purpose of this paper is to design a wireless communication channel and enhance the communication using a MAC protocol. The existing MAC protocols were analyzed to be used in a BCI application. Though the combination of existing protocols seems like a possibility to use in a BCI system, the complexity of such a protocol is high. This drawback is overcome by proposing a novel MAC protocol. The performance of the proposed MAC algorithm is related with the widely used Q algorithm for anti-collision in the RFID tags. Parameters like delay and collisions are analyzed in detail which are essential to build a consistent, energy efficient, and a low power BCI system.
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Amin, Md Ruhul, Md Shohrab Hossain, and Mohammed Atiquzzaman. "In-Band Full Duplex Wireless LANs: Medium Access Control Protocols, Design Issues and Their Challenges." Information 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2020): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info11040216.

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In-band full duplex wireless medium access control (MAC) protocol is essential in order to enable higher layers of the protocol stack to exploit the maximum benefits from physical layer full duplex technology. Unlike half duplex wireless local area network, a full duplex MAC protocol has to deal with several unique issues and challenges that arise because of the dynamic nature of the wireless environment. In this paper, we have discussed several existing full duplex MAC protocols and have shown qualitative comparisons among these full duplex MAC protocols. Full duplex in-band wireless communication has the potential to double the capacity of wireless network. Inter-client Interference (ICI) is a hindrance in achieving double spectral efficiency of the in-band full-duplex wireless medium. In this paper, we have classified existing solutions to the ICI problem and compared the solutions with respect to the proposed approaches, their advantages and disadvantages.We have also identified and discussed several issues and challenges of designing a full duplex MAC protocol. Results of qualitative comparisons of various wireless full duplex MAC protocols may be applied to design new protocols as well as researchers may find the identified issues and challenges helpful to solve various problems of a full duplex MAC protocol.
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Ray, Asok. "Performance Evaluation of Medium Access Control Protocols for Distributed Digital Avionics." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 109, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3143869.

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The paper presents the results of an ongoing research project where the objectives are to evaluate medium access control (MAC) protocols in view of the requirements for distributed digital flight control systems (DDFCS) of advanced aircraft and to recommend a specific protocol for their prototype development. The selection of an appropriate MAC protocol is critical for the dynamic performance of an aircraft because the DDFCS, in addition to the sampling time delay, is subject to time-varying transport delays due to data latency of messages at different terminals of the control loop. The SAE linear token bus, SAE token ring and the conventional MIL-STD-1553B protocols have been analyzed using combined discrete-event and continuous-time simulation techniques. The impact of data latency on the dynamic performance of an advanced aircraft is illustrated by simulation of the closed loop DDFCS.
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Khisa, Shreya, and Sangman Moh. "Medium Access Control Protocols for the Internet of Things Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Comparative Survey." Sensors 20, no. 19 (September 29, 2020): 5586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195586.

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The Internet of Things (IoT), which consists of a large number of small low-cost devices, has become a leading solution for smart cities, smart agriculture, smart buildings, smart grids, e-healthcare, etc. Integrating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with IoT can result in an airborne UAV-based IoT (UIoT) system and facilitate various value-added services from sky to ground. In addition to wireless sensors, various kinds of IoT devices are connected in UIoT, making the network more heterogeneous. In a UIoT system, for achieving high throughput in an energy-efficient manner, it is crucial to design an efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol because the MAC layer is responsible for coordinating access among the IoT devices in the shared wireless medium. Thus, various MAC protocols with different objectives have been reported for UIoT. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no survey had been performed so far that dedicatedly covers MAC protocols for UIoT. Hence, in this study, state-of-the-art MAC protocols for UIoT are investigated. First, the communication architecture and important design considerations of MAC protocols for UIoT are examined. Subsequently, different MAC protocols for UIoT are classified, reviewed, and discussed with regard to the main ideas, innovative features, advantages, limitations, application domains, and potential future improvements. The reviewed MAC protocols are qualitatively compared with regard to various operational characteristics and system parameters. Additionally, important open research issues and challenges with recommended solutions are summarized and discussed.
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Bouani, Aisha, Yann Ben Maissa, Rachid Saadane, Ahmed Hammouch, and Ahmed Tamtaoui. "A Comprehensive Survey of Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Body Area Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (August 4, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5561580.

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Wireless body area networks (WBANs) have emerged as a promising technology for health monitoring due to their high utility and important role in improving human health. WBANs consist of a number of small battery-operated biomedical sensor nodes placed on the body or implanted, which are used to monitor and transmit important parameters such as blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG), and electroencephalogram (EEG). WBANs have strict requirements on energy efficiency and reliability during data collection and transmission. The most appropriate layer to address these requirements is the MAC layer. Medium access control protocols play an essential role in controlling the operation of radio transceivers and significantly affect the power consumption of the whole network. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the most relevant and recent MAC protocols developed for WBANs. We discuss design requirements of a good MAC protocol for WBANs. We further review the different channel access mechanisms for WBANs. Then, we investigate the existing designed MAC protocols for WBANs with a focus on their features along with their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we summarize the results of this work and draw conclusions.
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Petrosky, Eric E., Alan J. Michaels, and Joseph M. Ernst. "A Low Power IoT Medium Access Control for Receiver-Assigned CDMA." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 11, no. 2 (April 2019): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2019040103.

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Low power, low cost, and security-conscious wireless sensor networks are becoming increasingly pervasive in the internet of things (IoT). In these networks, receiver-assigned code division multiple access (RA-CDMA) offers benefits over existing multiple access techniques. RA-CDMA networks are asynchronous, robust against multipath interference, and offer resilience against collision. A lightweight medium access control (MAC) protocol is needed to facilitate communication in RA-CDMA networks between low power sensor nodes and access points. This article provides an overview of RA-CDMA and proposes elements of a new MAC protocol that could improve performance of certain wireless sensor networks. Key features of the proposed MAC design are introduced and compared to those of existing protocols, highlighting its simple and lightweight design. Through its compatibility with RA-CDMA, the MAC design eliminates significant overhead and complexity while meeting requirements for low power networks, which enables the implementation of dense IoT sensor networks.
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Chau, Arnold, John Dawson, Paul Mitchell, and Tian Hong Loh. "Virtual Sensing Directional Hub MAC (VSDH-MAC) Protocol with Power Control." Electronics 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081219.

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Medium access control (MAC) protocols play a vital role in making effective use of a multiple access channel as it governs the achievable performance such as channel utilization and corresponding quality of service of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, a virtual carrier sensing directional hub (VSDH) MAC protocol incorporating realistic directional antenna patterns is proposed for directional single hub centralized WSNs. While in most instances, MAC protocols assume idealized directional antenna patterns, the proposed VSDH-MAC protocol incorporates realistic directional antenna patterns to deliver enhanced link performance. We demonstrate that the use of directional antennas with a suitable MAC protocol can provide enhanced communication range and increased throughput with reduced energy consumption at each node, compared to the case when only omnidirectional antennas are used. For the scenarios considered in this study, results show that the average transmit power of the sensor nodes can be reduced by a factor of two, and at the same time offer significantly extended lifetime.
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Yang, Jianmin, Gang Qiao, Qing Hu, Jiarong Zhang, and Guangbin Du. "A Dual Channel Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Directional Antenna." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060878.

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Medium access control (MAC) protocol is an important link for achieving networks function in any wireless networks; an efficient and reliable MAC protocol is crucial for an effective underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). Significant differences between UASNs and terrestrial sensor networks (TSNs) render the traditional MAC protocols applied on land inapplicable underwater. Existing MAC protocols for UASNs use the omnidirectional antenna, which wastes energy, restricts the network’s coverage range, and brings about unnecessary interferences in neighbor nodes. This paper proposes a dual channel MAC protocol for UASNs based on directional antenna (DADC-MAC), which increases the network coverage range, efficiently utilizes space, and reduces node interference compared to the omnidirectional antenna. The DADC-MAC protocol divides the channel into a data transmission channel and busy prompt message channel; the node uses the former to transmit the control frame and DATA package while the sending node and receiving node use the latter channel to inform the neighbor nodes of on-going communications to prevent DATA package collision. A neighbor discovery mechanism and directional network allocation vector are applied to resolve hidden terminal and deafness problems. Simulation results show that the DADC-MAC protocol could improve network throughput and reduce end-to-end delay, is efficient, performs well, and is well suited to both symmetrical and asymmetrical UASNs topology.
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Luitel, Subash, and Sangman Moh. "Energy-Efficient Medium Access Control Protocols for Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks: A Comparative Survey." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 3781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113781.

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The increase of application areas in wireless sensor networks demands novel solutions in terms of energy consumption and radio frequency management. Cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) are key for ensuring efficient spectrum management, by making it possible to use the unused licensed frequency spectrum together with the unlicensed frequency spectrum. Sensor nodes powered by energy-constrained batteries necessarily require energy-efficient protocols at the routing and medium access control (MAC) layers. In CRSNs, energy efficiency is more important because the sensor nodes consume additional energy for spectrum sensing and management. To the best of authors’ knowledge, there is no survey on “energy-efficient” MAC protocols for CRSNs in the literature, even though a conceptual review on MAC protocols for CRSNs was presented at a conference recently. In this paper, energy-efficient MAC protocols for CRSNs are extensively surveyed and qualitatively compared. Open issues, and research challenges in the design of MAC protocols for CRSNs, are also discussed.
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Liu, Yang, Lei Liu, Jiacheng Liang, Jin Chai, Xuemei Lei, and Hui Zhang. "High-Performance Long Range-Based Medium Access Control Layer Protocol." Electronics 9, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9081273.

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Long Range (LoRa) has become one of the most promising physical layer technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem. Although it manifests low-power consumption and long-distance communication, LoRa encounters a large number of collisions in the IoT environment, which severely affects the system’s throughput and delay performance. In this paper, a code division carrier sense multiple access (CD/CSMA) protocol that resolves the traditional channel collision problem and implements multi-channel transmission is proposed for the LoRa medium access control (MAC) layer. To reduce data transmission delay and maximize the throughput of the system, the adaptive p-persistent CSMA protocol divides the channel load into four states and dynamically adjusts the data transmission probability. Then, to reduce channel collisions significantly, the code division multiple access (CDMA) protocol is performed on different channel states. Moreover, the combination of the proposed adaptive p-persistent CSMA protocol and the CDMA successfully reduces the number of data retransmissions and makes LoRa more stable. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive p-persistent CD/CSMA protocol can achieve near-optimal and occasionally even better performance than some conventional MAC protocols, especially in a heavy load channel.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medium access controls (MAC) protocols"

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Guennoun, Mouhcine. "Semi-Persistent Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31769.

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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are dense clusters of sensor nodes, made up of small, intelligent, resource-constrained wireless devices that are deployed to monitor a specific phenomenon in a certain field. The sensor nodes can be constrained by limited power supply, memory capacity and/or processing capabilities, which means that the design of WSNs requires all algorithms and protocols to be lightweight and efficient, and use as little power as possible. The Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol in WSNs, defined by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, employs the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA-CA) algorithm to control the nodes contending for access to the communication medium. Though the performance of this protocol has been studied extensively, and several improvements to its backoff counter, superframe format and contention-free period (CFP) features have been proposed, very few studies have addressed improving the Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) feature. In this thesis, we study the impact of increasing the value of the contention window beyond the standard value of 2, on the performance of the MAC protocol. We propose a semi-persistent MAC protocol that is a hybrid form of 802.11 and 802.15.4, to achieve a favorable performance that can serve a broad range of applications over the IEEE 802.15.4-based WSNs. We build an analytical model of the proposed protocol based on Markov chain modelling and derive the analytical expressions of the performance metrics, which we then validate against the simulation result sets generated by our in-house built simulation framework. We prove analytically that the probability of collision of the semi-persistent MAC is lower than that of the standard protocol. Based on our theoretical and simulated models, we show that incorporating the semi-persistent feature into existing MAC protocols leads to significant improvement of the performance metrics, including the probability of collision, throughput, energy consumption, transmission delay and reliability, particularly for networks with a large number of sensor nodes.
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Cavallero, Sara. "Medium Access Control Protocols for Terahertz Communication." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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This thesis proposes and studies a Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for networks of tags deployed over an industrial machine using THz communications. Despite the great advantages of these frequencies, there are drawbacks that cannot be ignored, such as propagation delays that, even at small distances, are of the same order of magnitude as packet transmission times. For this reason, the mathematical models developed for Contention-Free and Contention-Based protocols take into account the propagation delay. The main focus of this thesis is on the CSMA/CA protocol, which introduces channel sensing to reduce collisions and increase performance. The performance of the protocol are compared with two benchmarks, based on Polling and Aloha, considering an industrial machine scenario and accounting for physical and MAC layers features.
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Kalfas, Georgios. "Medium-transparent MAC protocols for converged optical wireless networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406358.

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In order to address the explosive demand for high-capacity and omnipresent wireless access, modern cell-based wireless networks are slowly adopting two major solution roadmaps. The first is the employment of small-cell formations in order to increase the overall spectral efficiency, whereas the second is the employment of higher frequency bands, such as the mm-wave 60GHz band, that offers vast amounts of bandwidth. Depending on the specific application, the above solutions inevitably require the installation and operational management of large amounts of Base Stations (BSs) or Access Points (APs), which ultimately diminishes the overall cost-effectiveness of the architecture. In order to reduce the system cost, Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology has been put forward as an ideal candidate solution, due to the fact that it provides functionally simple antenna units, often termed as Remote Antenna Units (RAUs) that are interconnected to a central managing entity, termed as the Central Office (CO), via an optical fiber. Although extensive research efforts have been dedicated to the development of the physical layer aspects regarding RoF technologies, such as CO/RAU physical layer design and radio signal transport techniques over fiber, very limited efforts have con-centrated on upper layer and resource management issues. In this dissertation, we are concerned with access control and resource management of RoF-based mm-wave network architectures targeting the exploitation of the dual medium and its centralized control properties in order to perform optimal optical/wireless/time resource allocation. In this dissertation, we propose a Medium-Transparent MAC (MT-MAC) protocol that concurrently administers the optical and wireless resources of a 60GHz RoF based network, seamlessly connecting the CO to the wireless terminals through minimal RAU intervention. In this way, the MT-MAC protocol forms extended reach 60GHz WLAN networks offering connectivity amongst wireless devices that are attached to the same or different RAUs under both Line of Sight (LOS) and non LOS conditions. The notion of medium-transparency relies on two parallel contention periods, the first in the optical domain and the second in the wireless frequency and time domains, with nested dataframe structures. The MT-MAC operation is based on a proposed RAU design that allows for wavelength selectivity functions, thus being compatible with completely passive optical distribution network implementations that are predominately used by telecom operators today. Two variants of the MT-MAC protocol are considered. The first offers dynamic wavelength allocation with fixed time windows, whereas the second targets fairness-sensitive applications by offering dynamic wavelength allocation with dynamic transmission opportunity window sizes, based on the number of active clients connected at each RAU. Both variants of the protocol are evaluated by both simulation and analytical means. For the latter part, this thesis introduces two analytical models for calculating saturation throughput and non-saturation packet delay for the converged MT-MAC protocol. Finally, this thesis presents an extensive study regarding the network planning and formation of 60GHz Gigabit WLAN networks when the latter are deployed over existing Passive Optical Network (PON) infrastructures. Three possible architectures where studied: i) the RoF approach, ii) the Radio & Fiber approach and iii) the hybrid RoF-plus-R&F approach that combines the properties of both the aforementioned architectures. During the elaboration of this thesis, one major key conclusion has been extracted. The work proposed in this thesis considers that there is a fundamental requirement for implementing new converged optical/wireless MAC protocols, that have the complete overview of both available resources in order to effectively administer the hybrid Radio-over-Fiber networks.
A fin de atender la demanda explosiva de alta capacidad y acceso inalámbrico omnipresente, las redes inalámbricas basadas en celdas están poco a poco adoptando dos principales guías de solución. La primera es el empleo de formaciones de celdas pequeñas con el fin de aumentar la eficiencia espectral global, mientras que la segunda es el empleo de bandas de frecuencia superior, como la banda de 60GHz, la cual ofrece una gran cantidad de ancho de banda. Dependiendo de la aplicación en específico, las soluciones anteriores inevitable-mente requieren de una instalación y una gestión operativa de grandes cantidades de Estaciones Base o Puntos de Acceso, que en última instancia disminuye la rentabilidad de la arquitectura. Para reducir el coste, la tecnología radioeléctrica por fibra (RoF) se presenta como una solución ideal debido al hecho de que proporciona unidades de antenas de sim-ple funcionamiento, a menudo denominadas Unidades de Antenas Remotas (RAUs), las cuales están interconectadas a una entidad central de gestión, denominada Oficina Central (CO), a través de la fibra óptica. A pesar de que se han dedicado muchos esfuerzos de investigación al desarrollo de varios aspectos de las capas física con respecto a las tecnologías RoF, muy pocos esfuerzos se han concentrado en la capa superior y cuestiones de gestión de recursos. En esta tesis, nos enfocando en el control de acceso y gestión de recursos de arquitecturas RoF y comunicaciones milimétricas, con el fin de aprovechar y explotar el medio dual y las propiedades para realizar una óptima asignación de los recursos ópticos, inalámbricos y temporales. Nosotros proponemos un protocolo Transparente al Medio MAC (MT-MAC) que simultáneamente administre los recursos ópticos e inalámbricos de una red RoF a 60GHz, conectando a la perfección el CO a los terminales inalámbricos a través de una mínima intervención RAU. El protocolo MT-MAC forma unas redes WLAN 60GHz de alcance extendido, ofreciendo así conectividad entre los dispositivos inalámbricos que están conectados al mismo o diferentes RAUs bajo con o sin Línea de Vista (condiciones LOS o NLOS) respectivamente. La noción de transparencia al medio se basa en dos períodos de contención para-lelos, el primero en el dominio óptico y el segundo en la frecuencia inalámbrica y dominio del tiempo, con estructuras de datos anidados. La operación MT-MAC se basa en proponer un diseño RAU que permita la selectividad de funciones de longitud de onda. Dos variantes del protocolo MT- MAC son considerados; el primer ofrece asignación de longitud de onda dinámica con ventanas de tiempo fijo, mientras que la segunda tiene como objetivo entornos de aplicaciones sensibles ofreciendo asignación de longitud de onda con tamaño de ventana de oportunidad de transmisión dinámico, basado en el número de clientes conectados en cada RAU. Ambas variantes del protocolo están evaluadas tanto por medios analíticos como de simulación. En la segunda parte, esta tesis introduce dos modelos analíticos para calcular el rendimiento de saturación y no saturación del retardo de paquetes para el protocolo MT-MAC convergente. Finalmente, esta tesis presenta un extenso estudio de la planificación de red y la formación de redes 60GHz Gigabit WLAN cuando esta se encuentra desplegada sobre las ya existente infraestructuras de Redes Ópticas Pasivas (PONs). Tres posibles arquitecturas han sido estudiadas: i) el enfoque RoF, ii) el enfoque Radio y Fibra , y iii) el enfoque híbrido, RoF más R&F el cual combina las propiedades de ambas arquitecturas anteriormente mencionadas. Durante la elaboración de esta tesis, se ha extraído una importante conclusión: hay un requerimiento fundamental para implementar nuevos protocolos ópticos/inalámbricos convergentes, que tengan una completa visión de ambos recursos disponibles para poder administrar efectivamente las redes de tecnología RoF.
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Augustin, Angelika. "Effective Power Consumption in MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-286.

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Wireless sensor networks offer easy implementation, flexibility and mobility of hand held

devices. Sensors consist of an internal power source, which is the great limitation for

the life time and the usage of sensor networks. To increase the life time, sensors should

stay in energy saving sleep mode as long as possible, because in sleep mode the radio is

either shut down or working with less energy. Better energy handling is implemented in

different power saving mechanism of common Medium Access Control protocols, which are

evaluated and analyzed and further extensions and ideas to improve the energy efficiency

are presented. Slotted PSM is simulated with the NS2 and compared to the WLAN 802.11

PSM technology and the results show that energy efficiency and power consumption are

much better implemented and life time increases with the use of Slotted PSM.

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Bag, Anirban. "MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL PROTOCOLS AND ROUTING ALGORITHMS FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3418.

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In recent years, the development of a large variety of mobile computing devices has led to wide scale deployment and use of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Wireless Sensor Networks consist of battery powered, tiny and cheap "motes", having sensing and wireless communication capabilities. Although wireless motes have limited battery power, communication and computation capabilities, the range of their application is vast. In the first part of the dissertation, we have addressed the specific application of Biomedical Sensor Networks. To solve the problem of data routing in these networks, we have proposed the Adaptive Least Temperature Routing (ALTR) algorithm that reduces the average temperature rise of the nodes in the in-vivo network while routing data efficiently. For delay sensitive biomedical applications, we proposed the Hotspot Preventing Routing (HPR) algorithm which avoids the formation of hotspots (regions having very high temperature) in the network. HPR forwards the packets using the shortest path, bypassing the regions of high temperature and thus significantly reduces the average packet delivery delay, making it suitable for real-time applications of in-vivo networks. We also proposed another routing algorithm suitable for being used in a network of id-less biomedical sensor nodes, namely Routing Algorithm for networks of homogeneous and Id-less biomedical sensor Nodes (RAIN). Finally we developed Biocomm, a cross-layer MAC and Routing protocol co-design for Biomedical Sensor Networks, which optimizes the overall performance of an in-vivo network through cross-layer interactions. We performed extensive simulations to show that the proposed Biocomm protocol performs much better than the other existing MAC and Routing protocols in terms of preventing the formation of hotspots, reducing energy consumption of nodes and preventing network congestion when used in an in-vivo network. In the second part of the dissertation, we have addressed the problems of habitat-monitoring sensor networks, broadcast algorithms for sensor networks and the congestion problem in sensor networks as well as one non-sensor network application, namely, on-chip communication networks. Specifically, we have proposed a variation of HPR algorithm, called Hotspot Preventing Adaptive Routing (HPAR) algorithm, for efficient data routing in Networks On-Chip catering to their specific hotspot prevention issues. A protocol similar to ALTR has been shown to perform well in a sensor network deployed for habitat monitoring. We developed a reliable, low overhead broadcast algorithm for sensor networks namely Topology Adaptive Gossip (TAG) algorithm. To reduce the congestion problem in Wireless Sensor Networks, we proposed a tunable cross-layer Congestion Reducing Medium Access Control (CRMAC) protocol that utilizes buffer status information from the Network layer to give prioritized medium access to congested nodes in the MAC layer and thus preventing congestion and packet drops. CRMAC can also be easily tuned to satisfy different application-specific performance requirements. With the help of extensive simulation results we have shown how CRMAC can be adapted to perform well in different applications of Sensor Network like Emergency Situation that requires a high network throughput and low packet delivery latency or Long-term Monitoring application requiring energy conservation.
Ph.D.
School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Science PhD
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Armstrong, Dean Andrew. "Easing the Transition from Inspiration to Implementation: A Rapid Prototyping Platform for Wireless Medium Access Control Protocols." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2528.

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Packet broadcast networks are in widespread use in modern wireless communication systems. Medium access control is a key functionality within such technologies. A substantial research effort has been and continues to be invested into the study of existing protocols and the development of new and specialised ones. Academic researchers are restricted in their studies by an absence of suitable wireless MAC protocol development methods. This thesis describes an environment which allows rapid prototyping and evaluation of wireless medium access control protocols. The proposed design flow allows specification of the protocol using the specification and description language (SDL) formal description technique. A tool is presented to convert the SDL protocol description into a C++ model suitable for integration into both simulation and implementation environments. Simulations at various levels of abstraction are shown to be relevant at different stages of protocol design. Environments based on the Cinderella SDL simulator and the ns-2 network simulator have been developed which allow early functional verification, along with detailed and accurate performance analysis of protocols under development. A hardware platform is presented which allows implementation of protocols with flexibility in the hardware/software trade-off. Measurement facilities are integral to the hardware framework, and provide a means for accurate real-world feedback on protocol performance.
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van, Coppenhagen Robert Lindenberg, and robert vancoppenhagen@dsto defence gov au. "On the Coordinated Use of a Sleep Mode in Wireless Sensor Networks: Ripple Rendezvous." RMIT University. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070122.145741.

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It is widely accepted that low energy consumption is the most important requirement when designing components and systems for a wireless sensor network (WSN). The greatest energy consumer of each node within a WSN is the radio transceiver and as such, it is important that this component be used in an extremely energy e±cient manner. One method of reducing the amount of energy consumed by the radio transceiver is to turn it off and allow nodes to enter a sleep mode. The algorithms that directly control the radio transceiver are traditionally grouped into the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of a communication protocol stack. This thesis introduces the emerging field of wireless sensor networks and outlines the requirements of a MAC protocol for such a network. Current MAC protocols are reviewed in detail with a focus on how they utilize this energy saving sleep mode as well as performance problems that they suffer from. A proposed new method of coordinating the use of this sleep mode between nodes in the network is specifed and described. The proposed new protocol is analytically compared with existing protocols as well as with some fundamental performance limits. The thesis concludes with an analysis of the results as well as some recommendations for future work.
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JAIN, NITIN. "MULTICHANNEL CSMA PROTOCOLS FOR AD HOC NETWORKS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin995471534.

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Alonso, Zárate Jesús. "Design and analysis of medium access control protocols for ad hoc and cooperative wireless networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/30707.

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La presente tesis doctoral contribuye a la incesante evolución de las comunicaciones inalámbricas. Se centra en el diseño de protocolos de acceso al medio (MAC) para redes ad hoc y redes inalámbricas cooperativas. En una primera parte introductoria se presenta un minucioso estado del arte y se establecen las bases teóricas de las contribuciones presentadas en la tesis. En esta primera parte introductoria se definen las principales motivaciones de la tesis y se plantean los objetivos. Después, las contribuciones de la tesis se organizan en dos grandes bloques, o partes. En la primera parte de esta tesis se diseña, analiza y evalúa el rendimiento de un novedoso protocolo MAC de alta eficiencia llamado DQMAN (Protocolo MAC basado en colas distribuidas para redes ad hoc). Este protocolo constituye la extensión y adaptación del protocolo DQCA, diseñado para redes centralizadas, para operar en redes sin infraestructura. En DQMAN se introduce un nuevo paradigma en el campo del acceso al medio para redes distribuidas: la integración de un algoritmo de clusterización espontáneo y dinámico basado en una estructura de master y esclavo junto con un protocolo MAC de alta eficiencia diseñado para redes centralizadas. Tanto el análisis teórico como las simulaciones por ordenador presentadas en esta tesis muestran que DQMAN mejora el rendimiento del actual estándar IEEE 802.11. La principal característica de DQMAN es que se comporta como un protocolo de acceso aleatorio cuando la carga de tráfico es baja y cambia automática y transparentemente a un protocolo de reserva a medida que el tráfico de la red aumenta. Además, su rendimiento es prácticamente independiente del número de usuarios simultáneos de la red, lo cual es algo deseable en redes que nacen para cubrir una necesidad espontánea y no pueden ser planificadas. El hecho de que algoritmo de clusterización se base en un acceso aleatorio permite la coexistencia e intercomunicación de usuarios DQMAN con usuarios basados en el estándar IEEE 802.11. Este estudio se presenta en esta primera parte de la tesis y es fundamental de cara a una posible explotación comercial de DQMAN. La metodología presentada en esta tesis mediante el cual se logra extender la operación de DQCA a entornos ad hoc sin infraestructura puede ser utilizada para adaptar cualquier otro protocolo centralizado. Con el objetivo de poner de manifiesto esta realidad, la primera parte de la tesis concluye con el diseño y evaluación de DPCF como una extensión distribuida del modo de coordinación centralizado (PCF) del estándar IEEE 802.11 para operar en redes distribuidas. La segunda parte de la tesis se centra en el estudio de un tipo específico de técnicas cooperativas: técnicas cooperativas de retransmisión automática (C-ARQ). La idea principal de las técnicas C-ARQ es que cuando un paquete de datos se recibe con bits erróneos, se solicita retransmisión, no a la fuente de datos, si no a cualquiera de los usuarios que escuchó la transmisión original. Estos usuarios se convierten en espontáneos retransmisores que permiten mejorar la eficiencia de la comunicación. A pesar de que este tipo de esquema puede obtener diversidad de cooperación, el hecho de implicar a más de un usuario en una comunicación punto a punto requiere una coordinación que hasta ahora ha sido obviada en la literatura, asumiendo que los retransmisores pueden coordinarse perfectamente para retransmitir uno detrás de otro. En esta tesis se analiza y evalúa el coste de coordinación impuesto por la capa MAC y se identifican los principales retos de diseño que las técnicas C-ARQ imponen al diseño de la capa MAC. Además, se presenta el diseño y análisis de dos novedosos protocolos MAC para C-ARQ: DQCOOP y PRCSMA. El primero se basa en DQMAN y constituye una extensión de este para operar en esquemas C-ARQ, mientras que el segundo constituye la adaptación del estándar IEEE 802.11 para poder ejecutarse en un esquema C-ARQ. El rendimiento de estos esquemas se compara en esta tesis tanto con esquemas no cooperativos como con esquemas ideales cooperativos donde se asume que el MAC es ideal. Los resultados principales muestran que el diseño eficiente de la capa MAC es esencial para obtener todos los beneficios potenciales de los esquemas cooperativos.
This thesis aims at contributing to the incessant evolution of wireless communications. The focus is on the design of medium access control (MAC) protocols for ad hoc and cooperative wireless networks. A comprehensive state of the art and a background on the topic is provided in a first preliminary part of this dissertation. The motivations and key objectives of the thesis are also presented in this part. Then, the contributions of the thesis are divided into two fundamental parts. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the design, analysis, and performance evaluation of a new high-performance MAC protocol. It is the Distributed Queueing MAC Protocol for Ad hoc Networks (DQMAN) and constitutes an extension and adaptation of the near-optimum Distributed Queueing with Collision Avoidance (DQCA) protocol, designed for infrastructure-based networks, to operate over networks without infrastructure. DQMAN introduces a new access paradigm in the context of distributed networks: the integration of a spontaneous, dynamic, and soft-binding masterslave clustering mechanism together with a high-performance infrastructure-based MAC protocol. Theoretical analysis and computer-based simulation show that DQMAN outperforms IEEE 802.11 Standard. The main characteristic of the protocol is that it behaves as a random access control protocol when the traffic load is low and it switches smoothly and automatically to a reservation protocol as the traffic load grows. In addition, its performance is almost independent of the number of users of a network. The random-access based clustering algorithm allows for the coexistence and intercommunication of stations using DQMAN with the ones just based on the legacy IEEE 802.11 Standard. This assessment is also presented in this first part of the dissertation and constitutes a key contribution in the light of the commercial application of DQMAN. Indeed, the rationale presented in this first part of the thesis to extend DQCA and become DQMAN to operate over distributed networks can be used to extend the operation of any other infrastructure-based MAC protocol to ad hoc networks. In order to exemplify this, a case study is presented to conclude the first part of the thesis. The Distributed Point Coordination Function (DPCF) MAC protocol is presented as the extension of the PCF of the IEEE 802.11 Standard to be used in ad hoc networks. The second part of the thesis turns the focus to a specific kind of cooperative communications: Cooperative Automatic Retransmission Request (C-ARQ) schemes. The main idea behind C-ARQ is that when a packet is received with errors at a receiver, a retransmission can be requested not only from the source but also to any of the users which overheard the original transmission. These users can become spontaneous helpers to assist in the failed transmission by forming a temporary ad hoc network. Although such a scheme may provide cooperative diversity gain, involving a number of users in the communication between two users entails a complicated coordination task that has a certain cost. This cost has been typically neglected in the literature, assuming that the relays can attain a perfect scheduling and transmit one after another. In this second part of the thesis, the cost of the MAC layer in C-ARQ schemes is analyzed and two novel MAC protocols for C-ARQ are designed, analyzed, and comprehensively evaluated. They are the DQCOOP and the Persistent Relay Carrier Sensing Multiple Access (PRCSMA) protocols. The former is based on DQMAN and the latter is based on the IEEE 802.11 Standard. A comparison with non-cooperative ARQ schemes (retransmissions performed only from the source) and with ideal CARQ (with perfect scheduling among the relays) is included to have actual reference benchmarks of the novel proposals. The main results show that an efficient design of the MAC protocol is crucial in order to actually obtain the benefits associated to the C-ARQ schemes.
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Kangude, Shantanu. "CSMA with Implicit Scheduling through State-keeping: A Distributed MAC Framework for QoS in Broadcast LANs." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-05132004-132109/unrestricted/kangude%5Fshantanu%5F200407%5Fphd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Directed by John Copeland.
Copeland, John, Committee Chair ; Owen, Henry, Committee Member ; Sivakumar, Raghupathy, Committee Member ; Lanterman, Aaron, Committee Member ; Dos Santos, Andre, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "Medium access controls (MAC) protocols"

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Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE Std 802.9A-1995: IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Supplement to Integrated Services (Is) Lan Interface at the Medium Access Control (Mac) and. Institute of Electrical & Electronics Enginee, 1996.

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IEEE Computer Society. LAN/MAN Standards Committee., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., and IEEE Standards Board, eds. IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: Supplement to Integrated Services (IS) LAN interface at the Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) Layers : specification of ISLAN16-T. New York, N.Y., USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1996.

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IEEE Computer Society. LAN/MAN Standards Committee., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., and IEEE Standards Board, eds. IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: Supplement to integrated services (IS) LAN interface at the medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers: protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS) proforma. New York, N.Y., USA: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Medium access controls (MAC) protocols"

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Anane, Rajoua, Ridha Bouallegue, and Kosai Raoof. "Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols for Wireless Sensor Network: An Energy Aware Survey." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 561–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30301-7_60.

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Thotahewa, K. M. S., Jean-Michel Redouté, and Mehmet Rasit Yuce. "Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols for Ultra-Wideband (UWB)-Based Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN)." In Ultra-Wideband and 60 GHz Communications for Biomedical Applications, 131–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8896-5_7.

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Sruthi, Thota, and Manwinder Singh. "Exploration of recent medium access control (MAC) protocols for efficient transmission of data in wireless body area network." In Intelligent Circuits and Systems, 201–5. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003129103-33.

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Jeung, Jaemin, Seungmyeong Jeong, and Jaesung Lim. "Authentication – Based Medium Access Control to Prevent Protocol Jamming: A-MAC." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2010, 72–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12179-1_8.

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Liu, Yumin. "Medium Access Control Protocol for Embedded Sensor Networks and B-MAC Design." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1657–64. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4981-2_181.

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Marina, Mahesh K., George D. Kondylis, and Ulaş C. Kozat. "A Reservation-Based Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocol for Reliable Broadcasts in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." In Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic in Wireless Communications: Volume 5, 243–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5916-7_21.

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"Medium Access Control (MAC)." In Radio Protocols for LTE and LTE-Advanced, 119–49. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118188545.ch6.

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Kumar, Pardeep, and Mesut Gunes. "Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks." In IT Policy and Ethics, 947–74. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2919-6.ch043.

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This chapter provides an overall understanding of the design aspects of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A WSN MAC protocol shares the wireless broadcast medium among sensor nodes and creates a basic network infrastructure for them to communicate with each other. The MAC protocol also has a direct influence on the network lifetime of WSNs as it controls the activities of the radio, which is the most power-consuming component of resource-scarce sensor nodes. In this chapter, the authors first discuss the basics of MAC design for WSNs and present a set of important MAC attributes. Subsequently, authors discuss the main categories of MAC protocols proposed for WSNs and highlight their strong and weak points. After briefly outlining different MAC protocols falling in each category, the authors provide a substantial comparison of these protocols for several parameters. Lastly, the chapter discusses future research directions on open issues in this field that have mostly been overlooked.
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Kumar, Pardeep, and Mesut Gunes. "Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks." In Wireless Sensor Networks and Energy Efficiency, 367–95. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0101-7.ch018.

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This chapter provides an overall understanding of the design aspects of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A WSN MAC protocol shares the wireless broadcast medium among sensor nodes and creates a basic network infrastructure for them to communicate with each other. The MAC protocol also has a direct influence on the network lifetime of WSNs as it controls the activities of the radio, which is the most power-consuming component of resource-scarce sensor nodes. In this chapter, the authors first discuss the basics of MAC design for WSNs and present a set of important MAC attributes. Subsequently, authors discuss the main categories of MAC protocols proposed for WSNs and highlight their strong and weak points. After briefly outlining different MAC protocols falling in each category, the authors provide a substantial comparison of these protocols for several parameters. Lastly, the chapter discusses future research directions on open issues in this field that have mostly been overlooked.
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Syrotiuk, Violet. "Medium Access Control (MAC) Protocols for Wireless Networks." In Handbook of Algorithms for Wireless Networking and Mobile Computing, 3–23. Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420035094.sec1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Medium access controls (MAC) protocols"

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Kaur, Harminder, and Sharvan Kumar Pahuja. "MAC Protocols for Wireless Body Sensor Network." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.33.

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Wireless Body Area Networks, also known as the Wireless Body Sensor Networks, provides the monitoring of the health parameters in remote areas and where the medical facility is not available. Wireless Body Sensor Networks contains the body or placement of the sensors on body for measuring the medical and non-medical parameters. These networks share the wireless medium for the transmission of the data from one place to another. So the design of Medium Access Control is a challenging task for the WBSNs due to wireless media for less energy consumption and mobility. Various MAC protocols are designed to provide less energy consumption and improve the network lifetime. This paper presents the study of these existing MAC layer protocols based on different QoS parameters that define the network quality.
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Hafeez, Khalid Abdel, Lian Zhao, Zaiyi Liao, and Bobby Ngok-Wah Ma. "A novel medium access control (MAC) protocol for VANETs." In 2011 6th International ICST Conference on Communications and Networking in China (CHINACOM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chinacom.2011.6158242.

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Steiner, Rodrigo Vieira, Tiago Roge Mu, and Anto Fro. "C-MAC: A configurable medium access control protocol for sensor networks." In 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5691016.

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Yessad, Samira, Farid Nait-Abdesselam, Tarik Taleb, and Brahim Bensaou. "R-MAC: Reservation Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks." In 32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcn.2007.159.

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Huang, Xiaogang, and Jun Luo. "Simulating Adaptive Random-Reservation Medium Access Control (MAC) protocal using opnet." In 2010 2nd IEEE International Conference on Network Infrastructure and Digital Content (IC-NIDC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnidc.2010.5657839.

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Abyaneh, Arezou Zamanyzadeh, and Nizar Zorba. "IEEE 802.11 based Medium Access Design for Wireless IoT-Blockchain Networks." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0244.

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Communication is a very basic essence of the blockchain network and must be carefully planned while integrating with IoT, where an extremely large number of devices are interconnected. In this work, blockchain nodes are assumed to use wireless channels to communicate among themselves and other elements of the IoT setup. These communications can be in unicast and broadcast manner where transmission latency and throughput are significant metrics that might jeopardize the overall system. This work is proposing a Medium Access Control (MAC) mechanism addressing these performance metrics and best suitable for wireless IoT-Blockchain system. The proposed MAC protocol is based on the widely used IEEE 802.11 protocol, Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) basic access.
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Huang, Pei, Chen Wang, Li Xiao, and Hongyang Chen. "RC-MAC: A receiver-centric medium access control protocol for wireless sensor networks." In 2010 IEEE 18th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwqos.2010.5542740.

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Ahmad, Ashfaq, Nadeem Javaid, Zahoor Ali Khan, Muhammad Imran, and Mohammed Alnuem. "iA-MAC: Improved Adaptive Medium Access Control protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks." In 2014 14th International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscit.2014.7011891.

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Mouzehkesh, Nesa, Saman Shafigh, Tanveer Zia, and Lihong Zheng. "Light-weight history-based Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for body area networks." In 2013 Seventh International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsenst.2013.6727622.

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Amin, Md Ruhul, Shafika Showkat Moni, Shamim Ara Shawkat, and Mohammad Shah Alam. "A helper initiated distributed cooperative Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for wireless networks." In 2013 16th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccitechn.2014.6997368.

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Reports on the topic "Medium access controls (MAC) protocols"

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Okamoto, O., M. Maruyama, and T. Sajima. Forwarding Media Access Control (MAC) Frames over Multiple Access Protocol over Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (MAPOS). RFC Editor, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3422.

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