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Academic literature on the topic 'Méditerranée (mer) – Toulon, Rade de (Var)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Méditerranée (mer) – Toulon, Rade de (Var)"
Martin, Yvan P., and Jean-Luc Bonnefont. "Variations annuelles et identification des Vibrions cultivant à 37 °C dans un effluent urbain, dans des moules et dans l'eau de mer en rade de Toulon (Méditerranée, France)." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 36, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m90-008.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Méditerranée (mer) – Toulon, Rade de (Var)"
Durrieu, Gael. "Apports fluviaux et atmosphériques d'éléments traces métalliques et métalloïdes en zone côtière méditerranéenne : cas de la rade de Toulon." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0015.
Full textCoastal areas represent a major issue in terms of economic activities and preservation of a good chemical and ecological status of the natural environment. If on a global scale (sea or ocean) the flow of contaminants, especially trace metals and metalloids (TMM) are relatively well studied and described, this is not the case for more enclosed areas on a more local scale. The Toulon Bay, which has a semi-closed morphology, is surrounded by a large urban area (450 000 inhabitants) with a strong anthropic activity (first military port in France, civil ports, passenger transport, aquaculture, ...). These present and past activities, such as the Second World War, have led to a strong sedimentary contamination as well as a strong gradient of concentrations in TMM between the South of the large bay, connected to the Mediterranean Sea, and the most enclosed parts of the small bay. In this context of contaminated coastal zone, the objective of this work is to evaluate the contribution of the fluvial and atmospheric contributions in TMM to the Toulon Bay. The proposed sampling method associating field sensors, particle traps and punctual sampling differentiated between base flow and flood allowed to obtain a chronicle of TMM inputs considering the meteorological variability. The results show that the inputs of TMM by the rivers (Las and Eygoutier) are preponderant during floods and in the particulate fraction and are more particularly worrying for copper and zinc which exceed the regulatory thresholds. In the Las, the preponderant contribution remains however the dissolved copper during the flood. In the Eygoutier, the values obtained are lower than the measurements previously carried out in 2004. Base flow inputs are largely in the minority and high levels of cadmium and mercury in the particles were measured without being able to identify their source. Atmospheric inputs of TMM are dominated by the particulate fraction with levels exceeding the regulatory thresholds by a factor of 2 to 4 for copper, lead and zinc. At the bay scale, river inputs remain higher than atmospheric inputs for all the TMM. By making a balance on the whole of the bay and by considering the other existing sources (ports, runoff, wastewater treatment plant, sedimentary diffusion), the contribution of river and atmospheric inputs is estimated at 4% for mercury, around 30% for copper and cadmium and nearly 70% for lead and chromium. The balance of TMM inputs in the bay leads to describe the bay as a source of contamination for the Mediterranean Sea. This is confirmed by the net export calculated for lead, mercury, and cadmium, while for copper and nickel missing sources remain to be determined to confirm the hypothesis. For zinc and arsenic, too much variability prevents conclusions being drawn, and these estimates need to be refined
El, Houssainy Amonda. "Apports de géochimie sédimentaire des éléments traces métalliques dans deux zones côtières méditerranéennes urbanisées : Beyrouth (Liban) et Toulon (France)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0011.
Full textMediterranean Sea (MS) is a semi-enclosed sea divided into two basins: the Occidental and the Oriental basins. The two studied Mediterranean sites in this thesis are located respectively at N-W of MS and S-E of France for Toulon Bay and at E of MS, Lebanon for St-Georges Bay. They both host high population density especially along the coast and therefore exposed to numerous anthropogenic activities (e.g. tourism, marine transport, aquaculture, wastewater discharge, and industrial activities) contaminating the surrounding environment (water column, sediment, biota …) with different contaminants such as trace metals (TM). In addition, each site is characterized by the presence of an urbanized river: le Las (France) and Beirut River (Lebanon). Sediments are considered as a secondary source of contamination due to biogeochemical processes influencing TM mobility in the sediments. In this context, the objectives of this thesis are (1) to investigate TM contamination along the rivers and in bays; (2) to elucidate the influence of early diagenesis on TM mobility; and (3) to characterize organic matter at both sites. For all the above, superficial sediments, sediment cores, superficial waters and pore waters were collected along the two rivers and at both sites during the period 2016-2018. Sediments and waters samples were analyzed for main physical parameters, nutrients, organic carbon (dissolved and particulate) and major/ trace elements. Results showed that early diagenesis processes strongly control TM mobility in the sediments. In addition, the results confirmed that Toulon bay is strongly contaminated due to the 2nd World War and the present bay activities. The Las River inputs do not contribute and affect significantly the sediments of Toulon Bay. As for St-Georges Bay, we found that it has been impacted by several activities (industrial effluents discharged without treatment, runoff from agricultural zone) transported by Beirut River and/or by direct inputs (coastal landfill)
Bandeira, Benjamim. "Ecologie des communautés zooplanctoniques au sein de deux écosystèmes littoraux méditerranéens : traitement des séries temporelles." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920257.
Full textAyé, Armande Mireille. "Mise en évidence du système de communication "Quorum Sensing" impliquant les AHLs chez des bactéries marines isolées de la Méditerranée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0002.
Full textThe biofouling control on immersed inert surfaces or in moist atmosphere is a necessity in the marine sector for both economic and environmental reasons. Microbial biofilm formation, the initial step of biofouling development, is intrinsically linked to the communication system “Quorum sensing” (QS). In some Gram negative bacteria, QS is based on the perception of small diffusible signaling molecules called Acyl Homoserine Lactones (AHLs). The inhibition of bacterial QS is part of the different antifouling strategies currently developed. This present work focused on the detection of AHLs molecules involved in this communication system in bacteria isolated from Toulon harbor and the study of modulation of some phenotypes, including biofilm formation, by these molecules as well as the development of a preliminary anti-QS assay. Three marine bacteria isolated from Toulon harbor (TC8, TC14 and TC15), belonging to the Pseudoalteromonas genus, known to synthesize many active molecules, have been tested for their ability to produce AHLs. Only Pseudoalteromonas sp. TC15 produced the C12-HSL. P. ulvae TC14 a violacein-producing and biofilm-forming bacteria, did not secrete any AHLs. Few marine bacteria are used as an anti-QS screening tool, especially by interfering with AHLs with the goal of studying the consequences on biofilm formation. In order to evaluate the possibility to use TC14 with this purpose, exogenous AHLs were tested on the violacein production, the biofilm formation and the motility of TC14. Some AHLs were able to regulate violacein production and biofilm formation suggesting the presence of a functional AHLs receptor in TC14. Preliminary QS inhibition assays were performed with commercial molecules and synthetic analogues. The commercial 3-oxo-C6-HSL as well as esculetin and p-benzoquinone, known to interfere with bacterial QS, were able to inhibit QS and biofilm formation at a non-toxic concentration. Overall, this study suggests that the marine strain P. ulvae TC14 may be used as a tool for the detection of anti-QS molecules in conditions closed to the marine environment. These molecules may subsequently be tested on the biofilm formation of marine bacteria. The long term objective is to find a way to limit biofilm formation, using non-toxic molecules for the environment
Serranito, Bruno. "Forçages anthropiques et environnementaux sur la dynamique interannuelle des communautés phyto- et zooplanctoniques côtières en Méditerranée Nord-Occidentale (Toulon, France)." Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL0017/document.
Full textThe growing development of urbanism and anthropogenic activities is source of increasing environmental pressure on marine coastal area and especially the Mediterranean Sea. Both human activities and climate change deeply impact marine ecosystems and particularly planktonic systems, which were sensitive to environmental change. However, the combined effect of these two processes on coastal systems functioning and structure over time remains poorly understood. Therefore, planktonic time series provide powerful tools for investigating the impacts of these perturbations. The PROTEE-EBMA laboratory planktonic time series from Toulon (France) are among the oldest from the Mediterranean Sea and provide records of effects for both natural and anthropogenic pressures on planktonic communities. In the context of global change, the present work aim to determine the role of these factors on dynamic and composition of phyto- and zooplankton in NW Mediterranean (Toulon, France). The first part focused on the role of vertical mixing in the Ligurian Sea as inter annual variation driver of the spring plankton bloom in Toulon Bay. The results revealed significant shifts in precipitation regime associated with salinity change into the Large Bay (Toulon) over the period 2005-2013. Same changes were observed into 2 Ligurian basin sites (”SOFCOM” and “Point B”). According to previous hypothesis, spring blooms of phytoplankton conditioned by dry autumns and winters were on average more intense than those from wet conditions. However, differences among sites highlighted importance of local drivers affecting phytoplanktonic dynamics. The second part aimed to investigate impact of precipitation and salinity changes on plankton composition. Results showed a dramatic change in phytoplankton community composition triggering by increasing precipitations and consequently lower salinity and subsequently leading to zooplankton community shifts. In addition, these results suggested that precipitation involved in two specific processes, affecting in a different manner the plankton communities: firstly, low precipitation could contribute on the triggering of winter mixing and thus in surface water fertilization of the Ligurian Basin impacting the Toulon Bays. On the other hand, phytoplankton community shifts also suggested a developing eutrophication processes in Toulon Bay during important precipitation periods driven by increasing local river inputs. In the third part, impact of anthropogenic pressure on both phyto- and zooplankton communities was investigated based on monitoring of two neighboring coastal systems characterized by distinct levels of human activities. Zooplankton communities showed higher sensibility to anthropogenic activities than phytoplankton communities. Finally, indicators of anthropogenic pressure based on copepod families were proposed
Aye, Armande Mireille. "Mise en évidence du système de communication "Quorum Sensing" impliquant les AHLs chez des bactéries marines isolées de la Méditerranée." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0002/document.
Full textThe biofouling control on immersed inert surfaces or in moist atmosphere is a necessity in the marine sector for both economic and environmental reasons. Microbial biofilm formation, the initial step of biofouling development, is intrinsically linked to the communication system “Quorum sensing” (QS). In some Gram negative bacteria, QS is based on the perception of small diffusible signaling molecules called Acyl Homoserine Lactones (AHLs). The inhibition of bacterial QS is part of the different antifouling strategies currently developed. This present work focused on the detection of AHLs molecules involved in this communication system in bacteria isolated from Toulon harbor and the study of modulation of some phenotypes, including biofilm formation, by these molecules as well as the development of a preliminary anti-QS assay. Three marine bacteria isolated from Toulon harbor (TC8, TC14 and TC15), belonging to the Pseudoalteromonas genus, known to synthesize many active molecules, have been tested for their ability to produce AHLs. Only Pseudoalteromonas sp. TC15 produced the C12-HSL. P. ulvae TC14 a violacein-producing and biofilm-forming bacteria, did not secrete any AHLs. Few marine bacteria are used as an anti-QS screening tool, especially by interfering with AHLs with the goal of studying the consequences on biofilm formation. In order to evaluate the possibility to use TC14 with this purpose, exogenous AHLs were tested on the violacein production, the biofilm formation and the motility of TC14. Some AHLs were able to regulate violacein production and biofilm formation suggesting the presence of a functional AHLs receptor in TC14. Preliminary QS inhibition assays were performed with commercial molecules and synthetic analogues. The commercial 3-oxo-C6-HSL as well as esculetin and p-benzoquinone, known to interfere with bacterial QS, were able to inhibit QS and biofilm formation at a non-toxic concentration. Overall, this study suggests that the marine strain P. ulvae TC14 may be used as a tool for the detection of anti-QS molecules in conditions closed to the marine environment. These molecules may subsequently be tested on the biofilm formation of marine bacteria. The long term objective is to find a way to limit biofilm formation, using non-toxic molecules for the environment
Paugam, Caroline. "Niveau d'eau à la côte en bassin semi-ouvert ˸ : effets combinés du vent, des vagues et de la bathymétrie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0003.
Full textThis doctoral research focuses on water level variations in semi-open coastal basins and the impact of wind, waves and bathymetry. The two phenomena causing water level variations studied are wind-tides and seiching. Three coastal basins were selected on the French coast of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region˸ the Vaccarès lagoon, the Berre lagoon and the Toulon Bay. The choice of these sites is due to the fact that they are exposed to equivalent wind regimes, their depths, morphologies and openings to the seaare different, allowing a comparative analysis. This work is based on the use of in-situ water level data from the HTM-NET network and two experimental campaigns. It was shown that the higher the wind speed, the steeper the slope of the free surface. Wind-tide is all the more important as the depth of the basin is low. In addition, the greater the opening to the sea, the lower the wind-tide. The determination of a constant drag coefficient allowed a satisfactory prediction of moderate wind-tides. It was also observed that in basins of finite depth and limited fetch conditions, the wave conditions are responsible for a higher wind friction on the water surface. The analysis of the currents showed that the presence of wind-tides has an impact on the currentology in the three sites. The periods of the seiches in the three sites were determined and the axes of resonance could be partly identified. The seiche amplitudes are of the order of mm in the Vaccarès lagoon and cm in the Berre lagoon and the Toulon Bay. The high friction in theshallow water site is responsible for an attenuation of the seiche amplitudes. The presence of seiche was correlated with wind-tides in the Berre and Vaccarès lagoons, which have a moderate opening to the sea. On the other hand, in the Toulon Bay, which has a large opening to the sea, other forcings are likely to excite the natural modes