Journal articles: 'Mediterranean-style diet'

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Singh, Ram B., Jan Fedacko, Ghizal Fatima, Aminat Magomedova, Shaw Watanabe, and Galal Elkilany. "Why and How the Indo-Mediterranean Diet May Be Superior to Other Diets: The Role of Antioxidants in the Diet." Nutrients 14, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14040898.

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The Seven Countries Study showed that traditional Japanese and Mediterranean diets are protective against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The Japanese diet is considered the healthiest because it provides Japanese populations with the highest longevity and health. DASH and Mediterranean-style diets are also considered healthy diets, although the Indo-Mediterranean-style diet may provide better protective effects among patients with CVDs compared to other diets. The concept of the Indo-Mediterranean type of diet was developed after examining its role in the prevention of CVDs in India, the value of which was confirmed by a landmark study from France: the Lyon Heart Study. These workers found that consuming an alpha-linolenic acid-rich Mediterranean-style diet can cause a significant decline in CVDs and all-cause mortality. Later in 2018, the PREDIMED study from Spain also reported that a modified Mediterranean-style diet can cause a significant decline in CVDs, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cancer. The Indo-Mediterranean diet may be superior to DASH and Mediterranean diets because it contains millets, porridge, and beans, as well as spices such as turmeric, cumin, fenugreek, and coriander, which may have better anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects. These foods are rich sources of nutrients, flavonoids, calcium, and iron, as well as proteins, which are useful in the prevention of under- and overnutrition and related diseases. It is known that DASH and Mediterranean-style diets have a similar influence on CVDs. However, the Indo-Mediterranean-style diet may be as good as the Japanese diet due to improved food diversity and the high content of antioxidants.

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Rueda-Galindo, Lidia, María Fernanda Zerón-Rugerio, Antonio J. Sánchez Egea, Gil Serrancolí, and Maria Izquierdo-Pulido. "A Mediterranean-Style Diet Plan Is Associated with Greater Effectiveness and Sustainability in Weight Loss in Patients with Obesity after Endoscopic Bariatric Therapy." Medicina 58, no. 2 (January 22, 2022): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020168.

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This study aimed to investigate the impact of a Mediterranean-style diet on weight loss effectiveness and sustainability in patients with obesity who underwent endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBT), relative to a protein diet plan. Thus, 132 patients with obesity (BMI 30–40 kg/m2) who underwent EBT, were asked to follow a Mediterranean-style diet plan (n = 52) or a protein diet plan (n = 26) for six months. General linear models were used to compare outcome variables between dietary intervention groups. Results showed that participants who followed a Mediterranean-style diet plan lost 14.2% more weight (95% CI: 3.0; 25.3), compared with those who followed a protein diet plan. Additionally, following a Mediterranean-style diet plan was associated with the sustainability of weight loss. Note that three months after the end of the dietary intervention, the patients who followed a Mediterranean-style diet plan were still losing weight (−1.2 ± 3.0 kg), while those with a protein diet plan gained, on average, 2.4 ± 3.3 kg (p < 0.001). Therefore, we conclude that combining EBT with a Mediterranean-style diet plan could represent an effective dietary intervention to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of weight loss after an EBT.

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Ferro-Luzzi, A., and F. Branca. "Mediterranean diet, Italian-style: prototype of a healthy diet." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, no. 6 (June 1, 1995): 1338S—1345S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/61.6.1338s.

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Meydani, Mohsen. "A Mediterranean-Style Diet and Metabolic Syndrome." Nutrition Reviews 63, no. 9 (September 2005): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00146.x.

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Daidone, Mario, Alessandra Casuccio, Maria Grazia Puleo, Alessandro Del Cuore, Gaetano Pacinella, Tiziana Di Chiara, Domenico Di Raimondo, Palmira Immordino, and Antonino Tuttolomondo. "Mediterranean diet effects on vascular health and serum levels of adipokines and ceramides." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 29, 2024): e0300844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300844.

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Background A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on vascular health indices such as endothelial function indices, serum lipid and ceramide plasma and some adipokine serum levels. We recruited all consecutive patients at high risk of cardiovascular diseases admitted to the Internal Medicine and Stroke Care ward at the University Hospital of Palermo between September 2017 and December 2020. Materials and methods The enrolled subjects, after the evaluation of the degree of adherence to a dietary regimen of the Mediterranean-style diet, were randomised to a Mediterranean Diet (group A) assessing the adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet at each follow up visit (every three months) for the entire duration of the study (twelve months) and to a Low-fat diet (group B) with a dietary "counselling" starting every three months for the entire duration of the study (twelve months).The aims of the study were to evaluate: the effects of adherence to Mediterranean Diet on some surrogate markers of vascular damage, such as endothelial function measured by means of the reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AIX), at the 6-(T1) and 12-month (T2) follow-ups; the effects of adherence to Mediterranean Diet on the lipidaemic profile and on serum levels of ceramides at T1 and T2 follow-ups; the effects of adherence to Mediterranean Diet on serum levels of visfatin, adiponectin and resistin at the 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Results A total of 101 patients were randomised to a Mediterranean Diet style and 52 control subjects were randomised to a low-fat diet with a dietary "counselling". At the six-month follow-up (T1), subjects in the Mediterranean Diet group showed significantly lower mean serum total cholesterol levels, and significantly higher increase in reactive hyperaemia index (RHI) values compared to the low-fat diet group. Patients in the Mediterranean Diet group also showed lower serum levels of resistin and visfatin at the six-month follow-up compared to the control group, as well as higher values of adiponectin, lower values of C24:0, higher values of C22:0 and higher values of the C24:0/C16:0 ratio. At the twelve-month follow-up (T2), subjects in the Mediterranean Diet group showed lower serum total cholesterol levels and lower serum LDL cholesterol levels than those in the control group. At the twelve-month follow-up, we also observed a further significant increase in the mean RHI in the Mediterranean Diet group, lower serum levels of resistin and visfatin, lower values of C24:0 and of C:18:0,and higher values of the C24:0/C16:0 ratio. Discussion The findings of our current study offer a further possible explanation with regard to the beneficial effects of a higher degree of adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet on multiple cardiovascular risk factors and the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Moreover, these findings provide an additional plausible interpretation of the results from observational and cohort studies linking high adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet with lower total mortality and a decrease in cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04873167. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04873167.

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Shaikh, Amani Al, Andrea J. Braakhuis, and Karen S. Bishop. "The Mediterranean Diet and Breast Cancer: A Personalised Approach." Healthcare 7, no. 3 (September 9, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7030104.

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There have been many original and review articles summarizing the impact of nutrition and diet on breast cancer risk. However, very few consider the implication of genetic background and the effect of personalised nutrition on the risk and prognosis of breast cancer. A literature search was performed using the following databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE (Ovid). The ensuing search terms were selected: genomics, nutrigenomics, breast cancer, breast neoplasms, cancer, nutrigenetics, diet–gene interaction, and Mediterranean, nutrition, polyphenols and diet. In this review, we discuss the Mediterranean-style diet and associated nutrients, evidence of benefit, impact on gene expression and evidence of interactions with genotype and how this interaction can modify breast cancer risk and progression. In addition, the impact of nutrients commonly associated with a Mediterranean-style diet, on breast cancer treatment, and synergistic effects are mentioned when modified by genotype. Some evidence exists around the benefit of a gene-based personalised diet based on a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, but further evidence in the form of clinical trials is required before such an approach can be comprehensively implemented.

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Robertson, Rose Marie, and Lynn Smaha. "Can a Mediterranean-Style Diet Reduce Heart Disease?" Circulation 103, no. 13 (April 3, 2001): 1821–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.103.13.1821.

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Nagpal, Ravinder, Carol A. Shively, Thomas C. Register, Suzanne Craft, and Hariom Yadav. "Gut microbiome-Mediterranean diet interactions in improving host health." F1000Research 8 (May 21, 2019): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18992.1.

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The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in host health and disease. Host diet is one of the most significant modulators of the gut microbial community and its metabolic activities. Evidence demonstrates that dietary patterns such as the ‘Western diet’ and perturbations in gut microbiome (dysbiosis) have strong associations with a wide range of human diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, consumption of Mediterranean-style diets is considered healthy and associated with the prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, colorectal cancers and many other diseases. Such beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet might be attributed to high proportion of fibers, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and polyphenols. Concurrent literature has demonstrated beneficial modulation of the gut microbiome following a Mediterranean-style diet in humans as well as in experimental animal models such as rodents. We recently demonstrated similar positive changes in the gut microbiome of non-human primates consuming a Mediterranean-style diet for long term (30 months). Therefore, it is rational to speculate that this positive modulation of the gut microbiome diversity, composition and function is one of the main factors intermediating the health effects of Mediterranean diet on the host. The present perspective discusses the evidences that the Mediterranean diet induces gut microbiome modulation in rodents, non-human primates and human subjects, and discusses the potential role of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites as one of the fundamental catalysts intermediating various beneficial health effects of Mediterranean diet on the host.

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de Lorgeril, Michel, and Patricia Salen. "The Mediterranean-style diet for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 1a (February 2006): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2005933.

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AbstractObjectivesTo discuss present knowledge about Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular diseases.DesignReview of existing literature.Setting and ResultsEpidemiological studies as well as randomised dietary trials suggest that Mediterranean diet may be important in relation to the pathogenesis (and prevention) of CHD. For instance, a striking protective effect of an ALA-rich Mediterranean diet was reported in the Lyon Diet Heart Study with a 50 to 70% reduction of the risk of recurrence after 4 years of follow-up in CHD patients. According to our current knowledge, dietary ALA should represent about 0.6 to 1% of total daily energy or about 2 g per day in patients following a Mediterranean diet, whereas the average intake in linoleic acid should not exceed 7 g per day. Supplementation with very-long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (about 1 g per day) in patients following a Mediterranean type of diet was shown to decrease the risk of cardiac death by 30% and of sudden cardiac death by 45% in the GISSI trial.ConclusionsIn the context of a diet rich in oleic acid, poor in saturated fats and low in omega-6 fatty acids (a dietary pattern characterising the traditional Mediterranean diet), even small doses of omega-3 fatty acids (about 1 g EPA + DHA the form of fish oil capsules or 2 g α-linolenic acid in canola oil and margarine) might be very protective. These data underline the importance of the accompanying diet in any dietary strategy using fatty acid complements.

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Esposito, Katherine, Carmen Di Palo, Maria Ida Maiorino, Michela Petrizzo, Giuseppe Bellastella, Isabella Siniscalchi, and Dario Giugliano. "Long-Term Effect of Mediterranean-Style Diet and Calorie Restriction on Biomarkers of Longevity and Oxidative Stress in Overweight Men." Cardiology Research and Practice 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/293916.

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We report the effects of a Mediterranean-style diet, with or without calorie restriction, on biomarkers of aging and oxidative stress in overweight men. 192 men were randomly assigned to either a Mediterranean-style diet or a conventional diet. The intervention program was based on implementation of a Mediterranean dietary pattern in the overweight group (MED diet group), associated with calorie restriction and increased physical activity in the obese group (lifestyle group). Both groups were compared with participants in two matched control groups (advice groups). After 2 years, there was a significant difference in weight loss between groups, which was −14 kg (95% CI −20 to −8) in lifestyle groups and −2.0 kg (−4.4 to 0) in the advice groups, with a difference of −11.9 kg (CI −19 to −4.7 kg, ); moreover, there was a significant difference between groups at 2 years for insulin (), 8-iso-PGF2α(), glucose (), and adiponectin (). Prolonged adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet, with or without caloric restriction, in overweight or obese men is associated with significant amelioration of multiple risk factors, including a better cardiovascular risk profile, reduced oxidative stress, and improved insulin sensitivity.

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Razquin, Cristina, J. Alfredo Martinez, Miguel A. Martinez-Gonzalez, Dolores Corella, José Manuel Santos, and Amelia Marti. "The Mediterranean diet protects against waist circumference enlargement in 12Ala carriers for the PPARγ gene: 2 years' follow-up of 774 subjects at high cardiovascular risk." British Journal of Nutrition 102, no. 5 (September 14, 2009): 672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509289008.

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The PPARγ gene regulates insulin sensitivity and adipogenesis. The Pro12Ala polymorphism of this gene has been related to fat accumulation. Our aim was to analyse the effects of a 2-year nutritional intervention with Mediterranean-style diets on adiposity in high-cardiovascular risk patients depending on the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ gene. The population consisted of a substudy (774 high-risk subjects aged 55–80 years) of the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) randomised trial aimed at assessing the effect of the Mediterranean diet for CVD prevention. There were three nutritional intervention groups: two of them of a Mediterranean-style diet and the third was a control group advised to follow a conventional low-fat diet. All the participants were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The results showed that carriers of the 12Ala allele allocated to the control group had a statistically significant higher change in waist circumference (adjusted difference coefficient = 2·37 cm; P = 0·014) compared with wild-type subjects after 2 years of nutritional intervention. This adverse effect was not observed among 12Ala carriers allocated to both Mediterranean diet groups. In diabetic patients a statistically significant interaction between Mediterranean diet and the 12Ala allele regarding waist circumference change was observed ( − 5·85 cm; P = 0·003). In conclusion, the Mediterranean diet seems to be able to reduce waist circumference in a high-cardiovascular risk population, reversing the negative effect that the 12Ala allele carriers of the PPARγ gene appeared to have. The beneficial effect of this dietary pattern seems to be higher among type 2 diabetic subjects.

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Gomes-Neto, António W., Maryse C. J. Osté, Camilo G. Sotomayor, Else van den Berg, Johanna Marianna Geleijnse, Stefan P. Berger, Reinold O. B. Gans, Stephan J. L. Bakker, and Gerjan J. Navis. "Mediterranean Style Diet and Kidney Function Loss in Kidney Transplant Recipients." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 15, no. 2 (January 2, 2020): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.06710619.

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Background and objectivesDespite improvement of short-term graft survival over recent years, long-term graft survival after kidney transplantation has not improved. Studies in the general population suggest the Mediterranean diet benefits kidney function preservation. We investigated whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with kidney outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe included 632 adult kidney transplant recipients with a functioning graft for ≥1 year. Dietary intake was inquired using a 177-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using a nine-point Mediterranean Diet Score. Primary end point of the study was graft failure and secondary end points included kidney function decline (doubling of serum creatinine or graft failure) and graft loss (graft failure or death with a functioning graft). Cox regression analyses were used to prospectively study the associations of the Mediterranean Diet Score with study end points.ResultsDuring median follow-up of 5.4 (interquartile range, 4.9–6.0) years, 76 participants developed graft failure, 119 developed kidney function decline, and 181 developed graft loss. The Mediterranean Diet Score was inversely associated with all study end points (graft failure: hazard ratio [HR], 0.68; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.50 to 0.91; kidney function decline: HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.85; and graft loss: HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.88 per two-point increase in Mediterranean Diet Score) independent of potential confounders. We identified 24-hour urinary protein excretion and time since transplantation to be an effect modifier, with stronger inverse associations between the Mediterranean Diet Score and kidney outcomes observed in participants with higher urinary protein excretion and participants transplanted more recently.ConclusionsAdherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with better kidney function outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.

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Bishop, Karen S., Weiming Yi, Isabella Piper-Jarrett, and Marcus A. Henning. "A Questionnaire-based Assessment of Dietary Adherence and Identification of Barriers to Healthy Eating." Open Nutrition Journal 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874288201913010001.

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Background: Adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet is associated with an extensive list of health benefits for people both with and without a disease. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop/modify a questionnaire to investigate the current adherence to a Mediterranean-style dietary eating pattern amongst the New Zealand male population, and to assess the association between perceived barriers to change and behaviours. Methods: The development of this questionnaire was based upon a modified 14-point validated Mediterranean diet adherence screener (PREDiMED) and included an additional section wherein we explored the reasons behind men’s food choices and barriers to healthy eating. Questionnaires were analysed from 295 men. Descriptive analyses were used to determine major barriers to change. Results: The modification of the PREDiMED questionnaire resulted in a 23 question questionnaire encompassing adherence, demographics and barriers to change. We found that 90.8% of respondents had either low or intermediate adherence to a Mediterranean style diet. Significant associations also existed between adherence and smoking (p=0.003), age (p< 0.01) and opinion of the importance of healthy eating (p< 0.01). We found participants felt the ‘major’ barrier to consume a healthy diet, to be a busy lifestyle, and the most common influencer of food choices was people. Conclusion: Through identifying how New Zealand men consume food and how they consider their barriers to change, we can better direct policy to aid changes in behaviour and integrate the Mediterranean style diet to complement the New Zealand food culture.

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Sakamoto, Motoko. "Mediterranean Diet and Life Style: Comparison with Japanese and Other Eastern Diets." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 71, no. 3 (May 1, 2001): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.71.3.159.

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Yarnell, Stephen R. "A Mediterranean-style diet reduced mortality after myocardial infarction." ACP Journal Club 121, no. 3 (November 1, 1994): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/acpjc-1994-121-3-059.

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Dwyer, Barney E. "Potential Role of Iron in a Mediterranean-style Diet." Archives of Neurology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.245.

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Kaluza, Joanna, Katarzyna Lozynska, Julia Rudzinska, Dominika Granda, Ewa Sicinska, and Maria Karolina Szmidt. "Mediterranean-Style Diet and Other Determinants of Well-Being in Omnivorous, Vegetarian, and Vegan Women." Nutrients 15, no. 3 (February 1, 2023): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15030725.

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Due to the lack of studies comparing the determinants of well-being in omnivores and vegetarians, we examined associations of socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, including adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet, in relation to well-being in omnivorous, vegetarian, and vegan women. Well-being was assessed using a validated WHO-5 Well-Being Index. Adherence to the Mediterranean-style diet was determined using a modified Mediterranean diet score. The study was conducted on 636 women (23.9 ± 5.7 years), of whom 47.3% were omnivores, 33.2% vegetarians, and 19.5% vegans. The good well-being group (WHO-5 Index ≥ 13 points) comprised 30.9% of the omnivores, 46.0% of the vegetarians, and 57.3% of the vegans. The remaining participants were classified as belonging to the poor well-being group (<13 points). Compared to the omnivores, the vegetarians and vegans had a 1.6-fold (95% CI: 1.04–2.42) and a 2.4-fold (95% CI: 1.45–3.99) higher probability of having good well-being, respectively. In omnivores, the predictors of good well-being were adherence to the Mediterranean-style diet (a 1-score increment was associated with a 17% higher probability of good well-being, P-trend = 0.016), higher self-perceived health status, and lower levels of stress. In vegetarians and vegans, it was older age, higher physical activity (≥3 h/week), 7–8 h sleep time, and similarly to omnivores’ higher self-perceived health status and lower stress level. Our findings indicate that following a Mediterranean-style diet was associated with better well-being in omnivores. Furthermore, we identified that different determinants were associated with well-being in omnivorous and vegetarian and vegan women.

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Giugliano, Dario, Francesco Giugliano, and Katherine Esposito. "Sexual dysfunction and the Mediterranean diet." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 8A (December 2006): 1118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007668542.

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AbstractObjectivesTo discuss present knowledge about the relation between sexual dysfunction, metabolic factors and the Mediterranean-style diet.DesignReview of the literature and personal perspectives.Setting and resultsSexual problems appear to be widespread in society, influenced by both health-related and psychosocial factors, and are associated with impaired quality of life. Epidemiological studies suggest that modifiable health behaviours, including physical activity and leanness, are associated with a reduced risk for erectile dysfunction (ED) among men. Data from other surveys also indicate a higher prevalence of impotence in obese men. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome may be a risk factor for ED. The high prevalence of ED in patients with cardiovascular risk factors suggests that abnormalities of the vasodilator system of penile arteries play an important role in the pathophysiology of ED. We have shown that one-third of obese men with ED can regain their sexual activity after 2 years of adopting health behaviours, including a Mediterranean-style diet associated with regular exercise.ConclusionsWestern societies actually spend a huge part of their health care costs on chronic disease treatment and interventions for risk factors. The adoption of healthy lifestyles can reduce the prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome, and hopefully the burden of sexual dysfunction.

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Tuttolomondo, Antonino, Irene Simonetta, Mario Daidone, Alba Mogavero, Antonella Ortello, and Antonio Pinto. "Metabolic and Vascular Effect of the Mediterranean Diet." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (September 23, 2019): 4716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194716.

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Several studies indicated how dietary patterns that were obtained from nutritional cluster analysis can predict disease risk or mortality. Low-grade chronic inflammation represents a background pathogenetic mechanism linking metabolic risk factors to increased risk of chronic degenerative diseases. A Mediterranean diet (MeDi) style has been reported as associated with a lower degree of inflammation biomarkers and with a protective role on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. There is heterogeneity in defining the MedDiet, and it can, owing to its complexity, be considered as an exposome with thousands of nutrients and phytochemicals. Recently, it has been reported a novel positive association between baseline plasma ceramide concentrations and cardiovascular events and how adherence to a Mediterranean Diet-style may influence the potential negative relationship between elevated plasma ceramide concentrations and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed the positive effects of the MeDi diet style on several cardiovascular risk factors, such as body mass index, waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory markers and adhesion molecules, and diabetes and how these advantages of the MeDi are maintained in comparison of a low-fat diet. Some studies reported a positive effect of adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and heart failure incidence, whereas some recent studies, such as the PREDIMED study, showed that the incidence of major cardiovascular events was lower among those assigned to MeDi supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts than among those assigned to a reduced-fat diet. New studies are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms, whereby the MedDiet may exercise its effects. Here, we present recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of MedDiet effects, mainly focusing on cardiovascular diseases, but also discussing other related diseases. We review MedDiet composition and assessment as well as the latest advances in the genomic, epigenomic (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs, and other emerging regulators), transcriptomic (selected genes and whole transcriptome), and metabolomic and metagenomic aspects of the MedDiet effects (as a whole and for its most typical food components). We also present a review of the clinical effects of this dietary style underlying the biochemical and molecular effects of the Mediterranean diet. Our purpose is to review the main features of the Mediterranean diet in particular its benefits on human health, underling the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerotic effects to which new knowledge about epigenetic and gut-microbiota relationship is recently added.

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Sahni, Shivani, Paul Jacques, Alyssa Dufour, Courtney Millar, Douglas Kiel, and Marian Hannan. "Total Carotenoid Intake Reduces the Odds of Frailty over 9 Years in Older Adults: Results from the Framingham Offspring Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_072.

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Abstract Objectives Frailty occurs in 10–15% of community-living older adults. The benefit of a Mediterranean style diet in reducing frailty is not well established in older Americans. The aim was to determine the association of Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern and related antioxidants (vitamin C, E and total carotenoids from diet and supplements) with the odds of frailty over 9y in older adults from the Framingham Offspring study. Methods The Mediterranean-style dietary pattern score (MSDPS) was used to characterize a Mediterranean-style diet in 2541 men and women with completed food frequency questionnaires at baseline (1998–2001). Average intake of each antioxidant (vitamin C, E and total carotenoids, mg/d) at baseline and one prior exam (1995–98) was calculated. Total carotenoids were calculated as the sum of intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin. Frailty was assessed using Fried's frailty criteria at baseline and follow-up exam (2005–08). Participants categorized as frail at baseline were excluded (n = 27). Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusting for age, sex, follow-up time, BMI, energy intake, current smoking and multivitamin use. Antioxidants were adjusted for each other in the same model. Results Mean age (±SD) was 60 ± 9y (range 33–86), 55% were female and mean follow-up time was 6.6y (range 3.7–9.1). Mean (±SD) was 45 ± 13 (range: 10.8–84.1) for the MSDPS, 36.5 (±32.3) mg/d for vitamin C, 16.4 (±199) mg/d for vitamin E and 1.8 (±0.8) mg/d for carotenoids. Prevalent frailty at follow-up exam was 5%. Although not significant, a 10 unit increase in MSDPS reduced the odds of frailty by 8.7% (95% CI: 0.78–1.08, P = 0.28) in the combined sample of men and women. Each 10 mg increase in total carotenoid intake reduced the odds of frailty by 29% (95% CI: 0.53–1.01, P = 0.02). Neither Vitamin C (P = 0.79) or E (P = 0.25) were individually associated with frailty. Conclusions A Mediterranean style diet was not significantly associated with frailty in this sample of largely older adults. However, total carotenoids intake reduced the odds of frailty. Future work should consider if a Mediterranean style diet and related antioxidants delay the progression of frailty. Funding Sources Boston Claude D. Pepper Center OAIC and Peter and Barbara Sidel Fund.

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Gray, Marquita S., Henry E. Wang, Kimberly D. Martin, John P. Donnelly, Orlando M. Gutiérrez, James M. Shikany, and Suzanne E. Judd. "Adherence to Mediterranean-style diet and risk of sepsis in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort." British Journal of Nutrition 120, no. 12 (October 30, 2018): 1415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518002866.

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AbstractSepsis – syndrome of infection complicated by organ dysfunction – is responsible for over 750 000 hospitalisations and 200 000 deaths in the USA annually. Despite potential nutritional benefits, the association of diet and sepsis is unknown. Therefore, we sought to determine the association between adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet (Med-style diet) and long-term risk of sepsis in the REasons for Geographic Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. We analysed data from REGARDS, a population-based cohort of 30 239 community-dwelling adults age ≥45 years. We determined dietary patterns from a baseline FFQ. We defined Med-style diet as a high consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes, fish, cereal and low consumption of meat, dairy products, fat and alcohol categorising participants into Med-style diet tertiles (low: 0–3, moderate: 4–5, high: 6–9). We defined sepsis events as hospital admission for serious infection and at least two systematic inflammatory response syndrome criteria. We used Cox proportional hazard models to determine the association between Med-style diet tertiles and first sepsis events, adjusting for socio-demographics, lifestyle factors, and co-morbidities. We included 21 256 participants with complete dietary data. Dietary patterns were: low Med-style diet 32·0 %, moderate Med-style diet 42·1 % and high Med-style diet 26·0 %. There were 1109 (5·2 %) first sepsis events. High Med-style diet was independently associated with sepsis risk; low Med-style diet referent, moderate Med-style diet adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0·93 (95 % CI 0·81, 1·08), high Med-style diet adjusted HR=0·74 (95 % CI 0·61, 0·88). High Med-style diet adherence is associated with lower risk of sepsis. Dietary modification may potentially provide an option for reducing sepsis risk.

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Estruch, Ramon. "Effects of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Factors." Annals of Internal Medicine 145, no. 1 (July 4, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-1-200607040-00004.

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Samaha, Frederick. "Effects of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Factors." Annals of Internal Medicine 146, no. 1 (January 2, 2007): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-1-200701020-00018.

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Martínez-González, Miguel Ángel, Emilio Ros, and Ramón Estruch. "Effects of a Mediterranean-Style Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Factors." Annals of Internal Medicine 146, no. 1 (January 2, 2007): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-1-200701020-00019.

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Fabbri, Andrea, Giorgio Gambale, Ruggero Maria Corso, and Giulio Marchesini. "Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: The Mediterranean-diet Italian style." Resuscitation 82, no. 5 (May 2011): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.12.021.

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Gu, Yian. "Potential Role of Iron in a Mediterranean-style Diet—Reply." Archives of Neurology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2010.246.

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Panagiotakos, D. B., C. Pitsavos, C. Chrysohoou, C. Stefanadis, and P. Toutouzas. "Primary prevention of acute coronary events through the adoption of a Mediterranean-style diet." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 8, no. 4-5 (August 31, 2021): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2002.8.4-5.593.

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We evaluated the role of a Mediterranean-style diet in preventing acute coronary syndromes [ACS]. Data from CARDIO2000, a multi-centre retrospective case-control study investigating the association between ACS and demographic, nutritional, lifestyle and medical risk factors were used. We studied 661 patients hospitalized for a first ACS event and 661 matched controls without clinical suspicion of cardiovascular disease. The Mediterranean diet significantly reduced [by 16%] the risk of developing ACS. The association remained significant in the presence of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, sedentary lifestyle, diabetes mellitus or a combination of two of these cardiovascular risk factors. Our findings illustrate the importance of the Mediterranean diet in the primary prevention of acute coronary events

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Tsofliou, Fotini, Dimitrios Vlachos, Christina Hughes, and Katherine M. Appleton. "Barriers and Facilitators Associated with the Adoption of and Adherence to a Mediterranean Style Diet in Adults: A Systematic Review of Published Observational and Qualitative Studies." Nutrients 14, no. 20 (October 15, 2022): 4314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204314.

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The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been linked with physical and mental health benefits. Previous research, however, suggests that adoption and adherence to a Mediterranean diet might be difficult for people who live outside of the Mediterranean region. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the factors that influence adoption and adherence to a Mediterranean style diet in adults aged 18 years old and over, as identified in published observational and qualitative studies. Following registration of our protocol on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018116515), observational and qualitative studies of adults’ perceptions and experiences relevant to following a Mediterranean style diet were identified using systematic searches of databases: MEDLINE, the Cochane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus, over all years of records until February 2022. A narrative synthesis was then undertaken. Of 4559 retrieved articles, 18 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria and were included. Factors influencing adoption and adherence to a MedDiet were identified and categorized as: financial, cognitive, socio-cultural, motivational, lifestyle, accessibility & availability, sensory & hedonic and demographic. Similar barriers and facilitators are often reported in relation to healthy eating or the consumption of specific healthy foods, with a few exceptions. These exceptions detailed concerns with specific components of the MedDiet; considerations due to culture and traditions, and concerns over a cooler climate. Suggestions for overcoming these barriers and facilitators specific to adoption and adherence to the Mediterranean diet are offered. These data will inform the development of future studies of robust methodology in eating behaviour change which offer pragmatic approaches for people to consume and maintain healthy diets.

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Lovell, Amy L., Rajshri Roy, Alana Klein, Alana Cavadino, Meika Foster, Jeremy D. Krebs, Andrea Braakhuis, and Troy L. Merry. "Habitual Dietary Patterns, Nutrient Intakes, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among New Zealand Adults: The NZ MED Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 15, no. 12 (June 7, 2023): 2663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15122663.

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There is increasing evidence that adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern reduces the incidence of diet-related diseases. To date, the habitual dietary intake of New Zealand (NZ) adults has not been examined in relation to its alignment with a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern. This study aimed to define the habitual dietary patterns, nutrient intakes, and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in a sample of 1012 NZ adults (86% female, mean age 48 ± 16 years) who had their diabetes risk defined by the Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool (AUSDRISK). Dietary intakes were collected using a validated semi-quantitative NZ food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Reported intakes from the FFQ were used in conjunction with the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) to determine adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Mixed linear models were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and MSDPS with demographics, health factors, and nutrient intakes. Two distinct dietary patterns were identified: Discretionary (positive loadings on processed meat, meat/poultry, fast food, sweet drinks, and sugar, sweets, and baked good) and Guideline (positive loadings on vegetables, eggs/beans, and fruits). Adherence to dietary patterns and diet quality was associated with age and ethnicity. Dietary patterns were also associated with sex. Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern defined by the MSDPS was low, indicating that a significant shift in food choices will be required if the Mediterranean Diet is to be adopted in the NZ population.

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Esposito, Katherine, Miryam Ciotola, and Dario Giugliano. "Mediterranean diet, endothelial function and vascular inflammatory markers." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 8A (December 2006): 1073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007668529.

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AbstractObjectivesTo discuss present knowledge about the relation between adipose tissue, inflammation and the Mediterranean-style diet.DesignReview of the literature and personal perspectives.Setting and resultsRecent studies indicate that adipose tissue is an endocrine organ producing numerous proteins, collectively referred to as adipokines, with broad biological activity, which play an important autocrine role in obesity-associated complications. Adipose tissue in general and visceral fat in particular are thought to be key regulators of inflammation which is heavily involved in the onset and development of atherothrombotic disease. Moreover, chronic inflammation may also represent a triggering factor in the origin of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. An increased release of proinflammatory adipokines from the visceral adipose tissue, associated with a reduced secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines and cytokines, could determine a low-grade chronic inflammatory state which might play a role in the future development of the metabolic syndrome, diabetes and atherosclerosis through both insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Interventions aimed at decreasing weight loss and improving adherence to a Mediterranean-style diet in people with obesity or metabolic syndrome decrease the inflammatory milieu and ameliorate both insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction.ConclusionsAppropriate dietary patterns, as those associated with the eating model of Mediterranean-type diets, represent therapeutic strategies to reduce inflammation and the associated metabolic and cardiovascular risk.

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Bolou, Angeliki, Doris Lanz, Zoe Drymoussi, Francisco Jose Gonzalez Carreras, Frances Austin, Julie Dodds, Anita Mehay, et al. "Acceptability and adherence to a Mediterranean diet in the postnatal period to prevent type 2 diabetes in women with gestational diabetes in the UK: a protocol for a single-arm feasibility study (MERIT)." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (December 2021): e050099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050099.

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IntroductionWomen with gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. In at-risk general populations, Mediterranean-style diet helps prevent type 2 diabetes. But its effect on postnatal women with a history of gestational diabetes is not known. Prior to a full-scale trial on Mediterranean-style diet in the postnatal period to prevent type 2 diabetes, a feasibility study is required to assess the acceptability of the diet and evaluate the trial processes.Methods and analysisMEditerranean diet for pReventIon of type 2 diabeTes is a single-arm feasibility study (65 women) with qualitative evaluation of women who have recently given birth and had gestational diabetes. The intervention is a Mediterranean-style diet supplemented with nuts and olive oil, with dietary advice and an action plan. A dedicated Health Coach will interact with participants through an interactive lifestyle App. Women will follow the intervention from 6 to 13 weeks post partum until 1 year post partum. The primary outcomes are rates of recruitment, follow-up, adherence and attrition. The secondary outcomes are maternal dysglycaemia, cost and quality of life outcomes, and acceptability of the intervention to participants, and to healthcare professionals delivering the intervention. Feasibility outcomes will be reported using descriptive statistics.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained through the South Central—Berkshire Research Ethics Committee (19/SC/0064). Study findings will be disseminated via publication in peer-reviewed journals, as well as via newsletters made available to participants and members of Katie’s Team (a women’s health patient and public advisory group).Trial registration numberISRCTN40582975.

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Lerman, Robert H. "A Nutritional Approach to the Metabolic Syndrome." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 1, no. 2 (February 14, 2011): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v1i2.141.

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Poor diet and sedentary lifestyle contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS); addressing both is crucial for its management. A diet featuring the Mediterranean dietary pattern or low glycemic load has been shown to prevent and ameliorate MetS. Plant compounds, including soy protein and phytosterols, have been associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Recently, phytochemicals from hops and acacia were identified as lipogenic, anti-inflammatory compounds that reduced serum insulin and glucose levels in animals. A 12-week, randomized lifestyle intervention study in overweight and obese women with LDL ≥3.37 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) compared a Mediterranean-style, low-glycemic-load diet and soy/phytosterol-based medical food to an AHA low-fat diet. The modified Mediterranean diet with medical food was superior in reducing markers of MetS and CVD risk. A subsequent, randomized 12-week study in men and women with MetS and LDL ≥3.37 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) showed that supplementation with soy/phytosterol-based medical food plus phytochemicals enhanced the benefits of a Mediterranean-style low-glycemic-load diet and aerobic exercise. At the completion of the study, 43% of participants receiving medical food and phytochemicals exhibited net resolution of MetS compared with only 22% of those on diet and exercise alone. A subanalysis of participants at high risk (MetS + LDL ≥4.14 mmol/L [160 mg/dL]) indicated minimal benefit from lifestyle change alone but marked benefits with the addition of medical food and phytochemicals. Case studies illustrate long-term benefits of this supplemented lifestyle change program. In conclusion, institution of a phytochemical-enhanced lifestyle intervention promises to be a clinically useful approach in MetS management.

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Feng, Jun. "Mediterranean-style diet to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation: Role of antioxidants?" Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 149, no. 4 (April 2015): 1182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.11.063.

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CIM, _. "Re: Clin Invest Med. 2006 Jun;29(3):154-8." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 35, no. 4 (August 4, 2012): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v35i4.17143.

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Clinical and Investigative Medicine wishes to inform its readers of the following incident of redundant publication. The publication: de Lorgeril M, Salen P The Mediterranean diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Clin Invest Med. 2006 Jun;29(3):154-8 contains a substantial amount of information and text reported in the previously published article, de Lorgeril M, Salen P. The Mediterranean-style diet for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Public Health Nutr. 2006 Feb;9(1A):118-23.

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Polak, Rani, David Pober, Elliot M. Berry, Tehila Mazal, Rakefet Arieli, and Mati Ziv. "Improving the quality of foods available in a rural kibbutz cafeteria in Israel to align with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet through a community culinary coaching programme." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 17 (July 22, 2019): 3229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019001721.

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AbstractObjective:To examine the impact of a community culinary coaching programme (CCCP) on cafeteria food alignment with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet, and diners’ consumption habits and satisfaction.Design:A non-randomized, controlled, community-based participatory research programme. CCCP included eight 90 min coaching sessions with a community steering committee, 22 h of kitchen staff training, 12 h of pre-school staff training and 30 h of education for diners; control communities received no intervention. Outcomes, measured before and 12 months after programme initiation, included cafeteria food alignment with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet through a food items list derived from the cafeteria food purchasing software, and adult diners’ consumption habits and satisfaction through questionnaires.Setting:Communal cafeterias of rural kibbutzim.Participants:Intervention: kibbutz with 493 adults and 214 children. Control: Two kibbutzim with a total of 487 adults and 206 children.Results:Intervention cafeteria food improved significantly in all Mediterranean index categories except nuts (legumes, wholegrain products, fish, MUFA/SFA P < 0·0001; fruits, vegetables P < 0·001; processed meats P = 0·004), and in the proportion of ultra-processed and unprocessed or minimally processed foods categories of the NOVA classification (−22 %, P < 0·001 and +7 %, P < 0·001, respectively), compared with the control community. The intervention group’s satisfaction was significantly improved in twenty-five (83 %) out of the thirty satisfaction items, compared with twelve (40 %) in the control group. No changes were identified in diners’ consumption habits in either intervention or control communities.Conclusions:CCCP might be useful in improving alignment of cafeteria food with a freshly prepared Mediterranean-style diet.

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Milà-Villarroel, Raimon, Anna Bach-Faig, Josep Puig, Anna Puchal, Andreu Farran, Lluis Serra-Majem, and Josep Lluis Carrasco. "Comparison and evaluation of the reliability of indexes of adherence to the Mediterranean diet." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 12A (December 13, 2011): 2338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011002606.

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AbstractObjectiveTo compare and evaluate the reliability of several indexes of adherence to the Mediterranean diet.DesignThe ten indexes included in the analysis were: Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), Mediterranean Score (MS), Dietary Score (DS), Mediterranean-Dietary Quality Index (Med-DQI), Mediterranean Dietary Pattern adherence index (MDP), Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI), Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS), Mediterranean food pattern PREDIMED Study (MeDiet-PREDIMED), relative Mediterranean diet (rMED) and Cardioprotective Mediterranean diet index. Factor analysis using the correlations between indexes was applied. The correlation with factors and the reliability coefficient were calculated.SettingA total of 324 healthy undergraduates at the University of Barcelona, Spain, were surveyed.ResultsThe highest correlations were observed between MDP adherence index and MAI (0·82); MAI and MSDPS (0·80); and MDS and rMED (0·77). Factor analysis showed a hidden common factor that explained over 70 % of the variability (71·03 %). This factor is understood as ‘adherence to the Mediterranean diet’. The indexes that showed the highest correlation with this factor were Med-DQI (0·85), MDS (0·84), rMED (0·80) and MAI (0·80). These indexes showed acceptable performance in measuring the adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The components that correlated strongly with this factor were monounsaturated-to-saturated fatty acid ratio (MS ratio), fruit and vegetables. Furthermore, a second common factor was found explaining 18 % of the variability. This second factor is highly positive related to dairy products and lean meat, and negative related to MS ratio.ConclusionsThe indexes showed satisfactory performance in assessing adherence to the Mediterranean diet. However, in order to improve the reliability and concordance between the indexes, further studies are required to select the components, the number of components, and the scoring criteria of the indexes to improve their internal consistency.

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Kretowicz, Harriet, Vanora Hundley, and Fotini Tsofliou. "Exploring the Perceived Barriers to Following a Mediterranean Style Diet in Childbearing Age: A Qualitative Study." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111694.

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A considerable amount of research has focused on interventions in pregnancy to promote health in current and future generations. This has yielded inconsistent results and focus has turned towards improving health in the preconception period. Promotion of healthy dietary patterns similar to a Mediterranean diet in the preconception years has been suggested as a dietary strategy to prevent maternal obesity and optimize offspring health. However, it is uncertain whether adoption is acceptable in women of childbearing age. This qualitative study aims to investigate the perceived barriers to following a Mediterranean diet in women of childbearing age. Semi-structured focus groups were used to generate deep insights to be used to guide the development of a future intervention. Nulliparous women aged between 20 and 47 years were recruited (n = 20). Six focus groups were digitally audio recorded and transcribed verbatim by the researcher. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data, which occurred in parallel with data collection to ascertain when data saturation was reached. Five core themes were identified: Mediterranean diet features, perceived benefits, existing dietary behavior and knowledge, practical factors, and information source. The present study highlights that a Mediterranean diet is acceptable to childbearing-aged women, and the insights generated will be helpful in developing an intervention to promote Mediterranean diet adoption.

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Bathrellou, Eirini, Meropi D. Kontogianni, Evaggelia Chrysanthopoulou, Ekavi Georgousopoulou, Christina Chrysohoou, Christos Pitsavos, and Demosthenes Panagiotakos. "Adherence to a DASH-style diet and cardiovascular disease risk: The 10-year follow-up of the ATTICA study." Nutrition and Health 25, no. 3 (July 18, 2019): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260106019862995.

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Background: Recent findings suggest a protective role of the DASH dietary pattern on cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. Aim: In this direction, we aimed at investigating the relationship between adherence to a DASH-style diet and CVD risk in a Greek cohort. Methods: This sub-sample from the ATTICA epidemiological study consisted of 669 adults with a complete dietary profile at baseline, adequate to calculate DASH-diet score, and complete 10-year follow-up (2002–2012). Demographic, clinical and lifestyle parameters were thoroughly assessed at baseline and CVD incidence was recorded upon medical records at follow-up. Adherence to the DASH-style diet was assessed by a DASH-style diet score developed for the study (range 9–45). Results: Mean value (SD) of the DASH-diet score was 27.1 (5.1) (range 13–41). Adherence to a DASH-style diet was associated neither with the 10-year CVD risk nor with baseline clinical parameters. Multiple regression analysis revealed that, after appropriate adjustments, only age (46% increase per 5-life-years) and BMI (9.7% increase per unit of BMI) were associated with 10-year CVD events. Conclusions: In this small cohort of a Mediterranean population, a cardioprotective effect of a DASH-style diet was not detected.

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Polak, Rani, David Pober, Avigail Morris, Rakefet Arieli, Margaret Moore, Elliot Berry, and Mati Ziv. "Improving Adherence to Mediterranean-Style Diet With a Community Culinary Coaching Program." Journal of Ambulatory Care Management 41, no. 3 (2018): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jac.0000000000000240.

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Park, Yong-Moon Mark, Susan E. Steck, Teresa T. Fung, Jiajia Zhang, Linda J. Hazlett, Kyungdo Han, Seung-Hwan Lee, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, and Anwar T. Merchant. "Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) style diet, and metabolic health in U.S. adults." Clinical Nutrition 36, no. 5 (October 2017): 1301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.08.018.

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Tricò, Domenico, Diego Moriconi, Rossana Berta, Simona Baldi, Alfredo Quinones-Galvan, Letizia Guiducci, Stefano Taddei, Andrea Mari, and Monica Nannipieri. "Effects of Low-Carbohydrate versus Mediterranean Diets on Weight Loss, Glucose Metabolism, Insulin Kinetics and β-Cell Function in Morbidly Obese Individuals." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (April 18, 2021): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041345.

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Low-calorie Mediterranean-style or low-carbohydrate dietary regimens are widely used nutritional strategies against obesity and associated metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a balanced Mediterranean diet with a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and glucose homeostasis in morbidly obese individuals at high risk to develop diabetes. Insulin secretion, insulin clearance, and different β-cell function components were estimated by modeling plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide profiles during 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) performed at baseline and after 4 weeks of each dietary intervention. The average weight loss was 5%, being 58% greater in the low-carbohydrate-group than Mediterranean-group. Fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance were not affected by the diets. The two dietary regimens proved similarly effective in improving insulin resistance and fasting hyperinsulinemia, while enhancing endogenous insulin clearance and β-cell glucose sensitivity. In summary, we demonstrated that a low-carbohydrate diet is a successful short-term approach for weight loss in morbidly obese patients and a feasible alternative to the Mediterranean diet for its glucometabolic benefits, including improvements in insulin resistance, insulin clearance and β-cell function. Further studies are needed to compare the long-term efficacy and safety of the two diets.

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Hoffman, Richard, and Mariette Gerber. "Can rapeseed oil replace olive oil as part of a Mediterranean-style diet?" British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 11 (October 17, 2014): 1882–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514002888.

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The present narrative review compares evidence from experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies of the health benefits of rapeseed oil (RO) (known as canola oil) and olive oil (OO) in order to assess whether rapeseed oil is suitable as a sustainable alternative to OO as part of a Mediterranean-style diet in countries where olive trees do not grow. From epidemiological studies, the evidence for cardiovascular protection afforded by extra-virgin OO is ‘convincing’, and for cancers ‘limited-suggestive’, especially oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, but more studies are required in relation to cognitive impairment. Evidence for RO is limited to short-term studies on the biomarkers of risk factors for CVD. Any benefits of RO are likely to be due to α-linolenic acid; however, it is prone to oxidation during frying. We conclude that due to a lack of evidence from observational or intervention studies indicating that RO has comparable health benefits to extra-virgin OO, RO cannot currently be recommended as a suitable substitute for extra-virgin OO as part of a Mediterranean-style diet.

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Cifelli, Christopher, Victor Fulgoni, Katerina Stylianou, and Olivier Jolliet. "Dietary Guidelines for Americans Dietary Patterns Are Associated with Significant Improvements in Healthy Life As Assessed by the Health Nutritional Index (HENI)." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac067.014.

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Abstract Objectives To assess health burden as measured by disability adjusted life years (DALY) of current US adult diets and of Dietary Guidelines for American (DGA) recommended diets. Methods A nationally representative sample of Americans aged 25 + years old (N = 13,331) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016 database were used to determine current self-reported dietary patterns and to estimated health burden (DALY) in minutes of healthy life using the Health Nutritional Index (HENI), an epidemiology-based multiplicatively adjusted nutritional assessment tool based on 14 dietary risk factors identified in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD). Additionally, we estimated the health burden/benefit of DGA recommended dietary patterns for 2000 kcal/day: 1) Healthy US Style; 2) Healthy Vegetarian Style; and 3) Healthy Mediterranean Style. The maximum benefit if the threshold intakes in GBD were consumed was also evaluated. Results The currently consumed diet was associated with a gain of 0.2 minutes of healthy life/day. Current diets in females were associated with a gain of 5 minutes of heathy life/day while in males current diets were associated with a decrease of 4 minutes of healthy life/day. The Healthy US Style diets was associated with a gain of 32 minutes of healthy life/day while the Healthy Vegetarian Style and Healthy Mediterranean Style diets were associated with gains of 56 and 38 minutes of healthy life/day, respectively. The maximal benefit, consuming threshold intakes in the GBD, was associated with a gain of 84 minutes of healthy life/day. The largest components of the gains were due to increases in intake of fruit (15–19 min/day), whole grains (11 min/d), vegetables (6 min/d) and milk (4–6 min/day); the increases fish in the Healthy Mediterranean Style diet provided additional benefits (10 min/day). Conclusions Results indicate that DGA recommended diets may provide significant improvements in healthy life over current diets. Funding Sources National Dairy Council.

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Jennings, Amy, Jonathan Tang, Rachel Gillings, Antonio Perfecto, John Dutton, Jim Speakman, William D. Fraser, et al. "Changing from a Western to a Mediterranean-style diet does not affect iron or selenium status: results of the New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of the Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe (NU-AGE) 1-year randomized clinical trial in elderly Europeans." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, no. 1 (September 26, 2019): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz243.

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ABSTRACT Background Mediterranean diets limit red meat consumption and increase intakes of high-phytate foods, a combination that could reduce iron status. Conversely, higher intakes of fish, a good source of selenium, could increase selenium status. Objectives A 1-y randomized controlled trial [New Dietary Strategies Addressing the Specific Needs of the Elderly Population for Healthy Aging in Europe (NU-AGE)] was carried out in older Europeans to investigate the effects of consuming a Mediterranean-style diet on indices of inflammation and changes in nutritional status. Methods Selenium and iron intakes and status biomarkers were measured at baseline and after 1 y in 1294 people aged 65–79 y from 5 European countries (France, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and the United Kingdom) who had been randomly allocated either to a Mediterranean-style diet or to remain on their habitual, Western diet. Results Estimated selenium intakes increased significantly with the intervention group (P < 0.01), but were not accompanied by changes in serum selenium concentrations. Iron intakes also increased (P < 0.001), but there was no change in iron status. However, when stratified by study center, there were positive effects of the intervention on iron status for serum ferritin for participants in Italy (P = 0.04) and France (P = 0.04) and on soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) for participants in Poland (P < 0.01). Meat intake decreased and fish intake increased to a greater degree in the intervention group, relative to the controls (P < 0.01 for both), but the overall effects of the intervention on meat and fish intakes were mainly driven by data from Poland and France. Changes in serum selenium in the intervention group were associated with greater changes in serum ferritin (P = 0.01) and body iron (P = 0.01), but not sTfR (P = 0.73); there were no study center × selenium status interactions for the iron biomarkers. Conclusions Consuming a Mediterranean-style diet for 1 y had no overall effect on iron or selenium status, although there were positive effects on biomarkers of iron status in some countries. The NU-AGE trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01754012.

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Yiannakou, Ioanna, Martha Singer, Lynn l. Moore, and Paul Jacques. "Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Lower Breast Cancer Risk in the Framingham Offspring Cohort Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_133.

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Abstract Objectives We examined the prospective association between a Mediterranean diet pattern using four separate a priori indices of adherence and breast cancer risk in the Framingham Offspring (FOS) cohort. Methods The four indices included in this study reflect two different approaches to measuring adherence to a Mediterranean diet: a. scores based on population food intake distributions (i.e., the alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) and Mediterranean Diet (MDS) score); and b. scores based on recommended intakes of relevant foods (i.e., Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern (MSDP) and Mediterranean Diet (MeDiet) scores). The scores were derived from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Subjects included 1703 women, aged 30 years old and older, who were free of prevalent cancer. Each score was classified into three categories (low, moderate, and high) to evaluate the association between the Mediterranean diet and breast cancer risk (overall, post-menopausal, and hormone receptor positive) from 1991 through 2014. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for confounding by age, physical activity, waist-to-height ratio, pack-years of cigarette smoking, supplement use, diabetes status, age at menopause and total calorie intake. Results During a median follow-up of approximately 18 years, 93 breast cancer cases were documented. Women in the highest category of MSDP score or MeDiet score had approximately 45% lower breast cancer risks than women in the lowest categories (MSDP high category HR:0.56, 95% CI: 0.33–0.94; MeDiet high category HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31–0.98). This effect was similar for post-menopausal breast cancer cases. In addition, the high (vs. low) MeDiet score was associated with 55% decreased risk of hormone receptor positive breast cancer (HR:0.45, 95% CI:0.23–0.87). Neither of the scores calculated on the basis of dietary intakes in the study population (i.e., aMED, MDS) was associated with breast cancer risk. Conclusions In this large prospective cohort, scores based on recommended intakes of relevant Mediterranean diet foods may lead to strong evidence of the inverse relation between a Mediterranean dietary pattern and incidence of breast cancer among women aged 30 years old or older in the US. Funding Sources The Framingham Heart Study.

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Mantzioris, Evangeline, and Anthony Villani. "Translation of a Mediterranean-Style Diet into the Australian Dietary Guidelines: A Nutritional, Ecological and Environmental Perspective." Nutrients 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2019): 2507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11102507.

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A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been widely investigated and promoted as one of the ‘healthiest’ dietary patterns with respect to reductions in chronic disease risk and longevity. Moreover, it also emphasizes a plant-based dietary pattern consistent with an environmentally sustainable healthy reference diet conveyed by the EAT-Lancet Commission report. Nevertheless, the MedDiet does not exclude, but rather moderates consumption of animal-based foods, and therefore has emerged as a dietary pattern that could address both health and environmental concerns. However, whether non-Mediterranean countries such as Australia can adhere to such dietary principles is less clear. In this narrative review, we present evidence from eight randomized control trials conducted in Australia which demonstrates impressive and sustained adherence to a MedDiet intervention. However, we also report heterogeneity in the dietary protocols and prescriptive interpretation of a MedDiet across all studies presented in this review, making interpretations of the efficacy and adherence challenging. Based on the observable health benefits, translating key dietary elements of a Mediterranean-style diet within the Australian population remains attractive. However, adapting or modernizing traditional dietary patterns to satisfy the population’s nutritional requirements and/or acceptability warrants further exploration.

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Jennings, Amy, Agnes M. Berendsen, Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot, Edith J. M. Feskens, Anna Brzozowska, Ewa Sicinska, Barbara Pietruszka, et al. "Mediterranean-Style Diet Improves Systolic Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults." Hypertension 73, no. 3 (March 2019): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.12259.

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Reisin, Efrain. "The Benefit of the Mediterranean-Style Diet in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes." Current Hypertension Reports 12, no. 2 (March 24, 2010): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11906-010-0102-x.

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Gardener, Hannah, Tatjana Rundek, Clinton B. Wright, Yian Gu, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Shunichi Homma, Cesare Russo, Mitchell S. V. Elkind, Ralph L. Sacco, and Marco R. Di Tullio. "A Mediterranean-Style Diet and Left Ventricular Mass (from the Northern Manhattan Study)." American Journal of Cardiology 115, no. 4 (February 2015): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.11.038.

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Yang, Dixon, Hannah Gardener, Farid Khasiyev, Tatjana Rundek, Clinton B. Wright, Mitchell SV Elkind, and Jose Gutierrez. "Mediterranean-style diet and intracranial large artery stenosis in the Northern Manhattan Study." Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases 32, no. 10 (October 2023): 107252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107252.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Mediterranean-style diet'

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