Journal articles: 'Mediterranean Renaissance'

1

McManamon, John M. "Res nauticae: Mediterranean Seafaring and Written Culture in the Renaissance." Traditio 70 (2015): 307–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900012411.

Full text

Abstract:

In characteristic fashion, the Iter Italicum of Paul Oskar Kristeller reveals the richness of Renaissance thought on seafaring. The literature on seafaring conserved in manuscripts cataloged in the Iter Italicum ranges from commentary on ancient seafaring to eulogies of contemporary heroes to works on mechanics and engineering with unusual proposals for naval weaponry. Those manuscripts likewise highlight the Renaissance conceptualization of seafaring as an art and a creative tension in Renaissance scholarship between looking back to the past and looking forward to the future.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Obad Šćitaroci, Mladen, and Mara Marić. "Landscape Areas within Fortified Medieval-Renaissance." Prostor 28, no. 1 (59) (June 27, 2020): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.28.1(59).1.

Full text

Abstract:

The research was focused on determining the types of landscape areas within the fortifications of medieval-Renaissance towns based on the use and the criteria for their valorisation and enhancement. Twenty-six Mediterranean and west European towns were analysed. Nine types of landscape areas and seven valorisation criteria have been determined. Three current approaches to the use of landscape areas within the town walls have been recognised.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Paci, Deborah. "The Renaissance of Imperial Geopolitics." Cadernos do Tempo Presente 12, no. 01 (May 21, 2021): 03–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33662/ctp.v12i01.15713.

Full text

Abstract:

Recebido: 12/02/2021 Aprovado: 29/04/2021 My article aims at focusing on the fascist rhetoric over two territories, Malta and Corsica, the object of the irredentist goals of the fascist government during the twenties. Firstly, I will trace a general outline of the fascist geopolitical vision for the Mediterranean with reference to the Mussolinian policies towards France and Great Britain. Following this, I will examine the imperialist rhetoric promulgated through the magazine “Geopolitica” and the touring guides of Touring Club Italiano. Keywords: Fascism, Italy, Malta, Corsica, geopolitics

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

STANIVUKOVIC, GORAN V. "Recent Studies of English Renaissance Literature of the Mediterranean." English Literary Renaissance 32, no. 1 (January 2002): 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6757.00007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Trivellato, Francesca. "Renaissance Italy and the Muslim Mediterranean in Recent Historical Work." Journal of Modern History 82, no. 1 (March 2010): 127–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/650509.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

McManamon, John M. "Res nauticae: Mediterranean Seafaring and Written Culture in the Renaissance." Traditio 70, no. 1 (2015): 307–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/trd.2015.0000.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Casale, Giancarlo. "Mehmed the Conqueror between Sulh-i Kull and Prisca Theologia." Modern Asian Studies 56, no. 3 (April 8, 2022): 840–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x21000184.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis article presents a new interpretation of the reign of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (r. 1444–46, 1451–81) as refracted through the twin historical lenses of Mughal South Asia and the Renaissance Mediterranean. On the one hand, it argues that Mehmed, despite his current reputation as a conquering hero of Islam, in fact aspired to a model of sovereignty analogous to Akbar's Sulh-i Kull, and with a common point of origin in the conceptual worlds of post-Mongol Iran and Timurid central Asia. On the other hand, it also draws from the historiography of the Italian Renaissance to interpret Mehmed's cultural politics as being simultaneously inspired by a particular thread of Renaissance philosophy, the Prisca Theologia, which in many ways served as the Ottoman equivalent of Akbar's Sulh-i Kull.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Roberts (book author), Sean, and Margaret Small (review author). "Printing a Mediterranean World: Florence, Constantinople, and the Renaissance of Geography." Aestimatio: Critical Reviews in the History of Science 11 (May 31, 2016): 339–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/aestimatio.v11i0.26697.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Popper, Nicholas. "Printing A Mediterranean World: Florence, Constantinople, and the Renaissance of Geography." Geographical Review 104, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2014.12021.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Hamilton, Louis I. "The Rituals of Renaissance: Liturgy and Mythic History in The Marvels of Rome." Medieval Encounters 17, no. 4-5 (2011): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006711x598794.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe Mirabilia urbis romae offers us insight into the symbolic meaning of the streetscape of Rome from the perspective of a canon of St. Peter’s. It should be read alongside the contemporary Roman Ordo with which it was certainly associated in the twelfth century. When read in that context, the Mirabilia serves as a kind of direct and indirect commentary on the papal liturgy. The papal liturgies at Easter and Christmas moved through an environment that was “re-written” by the Mirabilia as a narrative of Christian Roman renewal and of triumph throughout the Mediterranean world. The Mirabilia celebrates both Roman renewal and hegemony in the eastern Mediterranean, giving heightened significance to the liturgical life of the twelfth-century papacy. The papal liturgy, at these most triumphant processional moments, celebrated that historic and, ultimately, eschatological triumph.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Kinoshita, Sharon. "Medieval Mediterranean Literature." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, no. 2 (March 2009): 600–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.2.600.

Full text

Abstract:

Always historicize!—Fredric Jameson, The Political UnconsciousEurocentricity is a choice, not a viewpoint imposed by history. There are roads out of antiquity that do not lead to the Renaissance; and although none avoids eventual contact with the modern West's technological domination, the rapidly changing balance of power in our world is forcing even Western scholars to pay more attention to non-Latin perspectives on the past.—Garth Fowden, Empire to CommonwealthThe last decade or so has seen an explosion of interest in “mediterranean studies.” a half century after the original publication of Fernand Braudel's La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l'époque de Philippe II (1949), scholars in a number of disciplines have once again found the Mediterranean a productive category of analysis, as evidenced in a proliferation of conferences, edited volumes, journals, and study centers. This renewal of Mediterranean studies is part of an upsurge of interest in “oceanic studies,” or, alternatively, “the new thalassology” In recent years, as Kären Wigen writes,[h]istorians of science have documented the discovery of longitude and the plumbing of underwater depths; historians of ideas have mapped the conceptual geographies of beaches, oceans, and islands; historians of labor and radical politics have drawn arresting new portraits of maritime workers and pirates; historians of business have tracked maritime commerce; historians of the environment have probed marine and island ecologies; and historians of colonial regimes and anticolonial movements alike have asserted the importance of maritime arenas of interaction. (717)In the field of medieval literature, on the other hand, “Mediterranean studies” has found much less purchase. An MLA database search for the keywords “Mediterranean” and “medieval” or “Middle Ages” yields a total of thirty-two entries, over half of which treat topics in intellectual or art history. Taking that asymmetry as a point of departure, this essay explores the different ways “medieval Mediterranean literature” might be conceived; how it would relate to the study of the medieval Mediterranean in other disciplines; and what linguistic, thematic, and theoretical modifications or challenges it would offer to the field of literature as currently configured.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Steinberg, Arthur, and Jonathan Wylie. "Counterfeiting Nature: Artistic Innovation and Cultural Crisis in Renaissance Venice." Comparative Studies in Society and History 32, no. 1 (January 1990): 54–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500016339.

Full text

Abstract:

Venice faced serious political and economic setbacks in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. The future of the Eternal Republic seemed bleak when, in 1509, nearly bankrupt, her commercial empire in the Aegean and the eastern Mediterranean slipping away, Venice's army was routed at Agnadello by the forces of the League of Cambrai. Even the elements seemed to have turned against Venice around this time, visiting the city with earthquake, storm, flood, famine, and the plague. Well might the prominent banker Girolamo Priuli have feared that “great God has permitted and ordered this severe ruin of the Venetian Empire”

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Arvas, Abdulhamit. "Leander in the Ottoman Mediterranean: The Homoerotics of Abduction in the Global Renaissance." English Literary Renaissance 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/711601.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Long, Pamela O. "Sean Roberts. Printing a Mediterranean World: Florence, Constantinople, and the Renaissance of Geography." American Historical Review 119, no. 3 (June 2014): 848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/119.3.848.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Horodowich, Elizabeth. "Erin Maglaque. Venice’s Intimate Empire: Family Life and Scholarship in the Renaissance Mediterranean." American Historical Review 124, no. 5 (December 1, 2019): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhz1051.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Shahidipak, Mohammadreza. "Mediterranean Period of Islamic Medicine in Medieval." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 3, no. 3 (March 2022): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1438.

Full text

Abstract:

Mediterranean is the birthplace of civilizational changes in world. There is special school of medicine in east of Islamic world which was formed by transferring Iranian medical heritage from ancient university of Jondishapur and medical sciences of India, Alexandria, Greece and Egypt. Therefore, Baghdad has arisen as a combined medical school. There is same school of medicine was established in west of Islamic world by evolutionary processes of Islamic medicine during its Mediterranean life and produced independent medical schools. Medical experience schools of ancient Cairo, Tunisia, Cordoba and Sicily transferred in Qairwan. This shows that medical development in Mediterranean world of Islamic period has been an increasing development, and Islamic medicine in the Mediterranean. Despite having Iranian roots and its origin go back to Avicenna, the founder of Islamic medicine and philosophy had a higher position than each other. It has acquired its oriental type. The medical school in the Mediterranean took place with the transfer of medicine from the first house of wisdom in the Islamic world to the second house of wisdom, which was built in Qairwan by Aghlabids state. The reality of Mediterranean period of Islamic medicine and its physical role in history of world medicine played by House of Wisdom (Beit al-Hakmeh ) Qairwan in the last stages of its development has prepared the collection of Islamic medical knowledge produced in Beit al-Hikma in Baghdad for final development by combining Latin teachings. By Transfer of Roman and Byzantine; medical knowledge from the Latin world to the Islamic world, which was a major milestone in the history of world medicine in southern Europe was made in Andalusia on the Iberian Peninsula, setting the stage for the latest evolution of medicine. A vast body of medical knowledge was transferred from North Africa and Andalusia to Europe (Salerno Italy) at the beginning of the European Renaissance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Alexander, Ingrid C. "Processes and Performance in Renaissance Painting." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 1 (January 1992): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400043219.

Full text

Abstract:

During the greater part of the 15th century, the Burgundian princes created a stable, unified center for industry and the flourishing of the arts in the Netherlands. Philip the Good became one of the most powerful and wealthy princes of the House of Burgundy in the period. Under his rule, the Netherlands became an important center for commerce. The port of Bruges, and later Antwerp, offered easy access to the important trade routes. The German merchants of the Hansa towns of Bremen, Danzig, Lübeck, and Hamburg and ships from England and the Baltic regions brought wares to be bought and sold in Flemish towns. The routes along the Atlantic and Mediterranean provided direct lines of communication between Italian merchants from Venice, Genoa, Florence, and Bruges.The Netherlands soon became a center of a large part of the business activity in Europe and its prosperity grew. The concentration of trade, the presence of numerous banks, and the commission they charged contributed to the wealth of its bourgeois merchants and financiers. They soon became as rich and sometimes richer than the Burgundian princes. Thus they had the means to become important patrons of the arts so as to display their wealth. The acquisition of rare and exotic goods became an essential part of a society where exhibiting one's wealth was admired.Flemish artists' corporations were well organized, not unlike modern businesses. They were well-known locally and abroad and had significant influence on the art of the period. Works of art were created in workshops where a long apprenticeship afforded the artists guidance and expert training in their craft. High standards which contributed to the good reputation of the art of Flanders, were maintained by setting the quality of the materials and establishing the techniques used. The painters' guild controlled the production of paintings and took measures to control the supply of materials to keep down prices and to control competition. Also, contracts between artist and patron would sometimes stipulate the type of materials to be used.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Karababa, Eminegül. "Marketing and consuming flowers in the Ottoman Empire." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 7, no. 2 (May 18, 2015): 280–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-03-2014-0009.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the marketing and consumption of flowers as a commodity from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century in the Ottoman context, a non-Western context, and to identify the specificities and similarities to the wider regional context with which it interacts. Design/methodology/approach – Through utilising secondary historical data a two-level analysis is conducted. The first level provides information on the institutional actors such as flower merchants, the state, the flower research institutes, market channels and popular culture and their practices. The second level of analysis concerns the flower consumer. Findings – The paper shows that flower consumption and marketing in an early modern non-Western context was not totally divergent from its “Western” counterparts which share the same regional context, i.e. the Mediterranean. As part of the late Renaissance Mediterranean world, the flower cultivator as a leisure-time consumer is reminiscent of the “Renaissance man”, characterised as someone who consumes science, aesthetics and writing in his leisure time. However, Ottoman markets diverge from their counterparts through the formation of an institution, similar to a modern-day accreditation institution, which had an active role in generating standards, brands and norms for the flower market. Research limitations/implications – The paper is mainly focussed on Istanbul, the capital of the empire and a large city by contemporary standards. Generalisation to the Ottoman context would require further studies. Originality/value – The paper is original because marketing and consumption in non-Western histories, such as the Ottoman context, have been a neglected area, mainly because of a tendency to locate progress and modernisation in early modern west.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Brown, Patricia Fortini. "Venice’s Intimate Empire: Family Life and Scholarship in the Renaissance Mediterranean, written by Erin Maglaque." Journal of Early Modern History 23, no. 6 (November 5, 2019): 569–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342019-21.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Royal, Jeffrey G., and John M. McManamon. "Three Renaissance Wrecks from Turkey and Their Implications for Maritime History in the Eastern Mediterranean." Journal of Maritime Archaeology 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2009): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11457-009-9051-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

McLean, Matthew. "Printing a Mediterranean World: Florence, Constantinople, and the Renaissance of Geography, by Sean RobertsPrinting a Mediterranean World: Florence, Constantinople, and the Renaissance of Geography, by Sean Roberts. I Tatti Studies in Italian Renaissance History. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2013. xiii, 293 pp. $49.95 US (cloth)." Canadian Journal of History 49, no. 2 (September 2014): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.49.2.265.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Grimaldi, David, and Rob Desalle. "The Scientific Romance with Amber." Paleontological Society Special Publications 7 (1994): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009606.

Full text

Abstract:

For at least 10 millenia, a special mystique has surrounded amber. This is probably due to the warmth of its color and touch, its lightness, and the small organisms that are sometimes found in it. Some of the oldest Mesolithic artifacts are amber carvings from Europe, and a rich folklore about origins of amber existed among the ancient Greeks, Assyrians, and Romans. The true origins of amber, as a fossilized resin that bled from trees, was first recognized by the Roman natural historian, Pliny the Elder. By the Renaissance Period, amber was used for elaborate figurines, carved bowls, jewelry, pipes, even caskets. The color of amber, especially in Mediterranean cultures, represented luxury.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Kang, Jihoon, and Jungha Kim. "ICT Convergence Study Method of Using Digital Map - Focusing on the Renaissance of Mediterranean Civilization Exchange." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 43, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 931–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2021.06.43.6.931.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Caroscio, Marta. "Archaeological Data and Written Sources: Lustreware Production in Renaissance Italy, a Case Study." European Journal of Archaeology 13, no. 2 (2010): 217–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957110370760.

Full text

Abstract:

The major production centres of lustreware in Renaissance Italy (Deruta and Cafaggiolo) have been chosen as a case study to prove the importance of combining archaeological and written evidence, with production in Montelupo and Faenza also taken into account. The focus is on the relationship between different production centres and the movement of potters from one centre to the next as a unique means of transmitting technical knowledge. Written sources such as ‘recipes’ were not created by potters, but were usually collected by others decades after the actual transmission of skills occurred. In this respect the influence of models in the form of ‘fashionable’ objects circulating in the Mediterranean area, together with the movements of people, prove vital. The first appearance and transmission of lustreware are summarized, underlining the importance of the contacts with Spain. If the Italian tin-glazed pottery known as italo-moresca can be regarded as the result of imitated models, lustreware production requires skills that could not have been acquired by chance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Caprioli, Francesco. "The “Sheep” and the “Lion”: Charles V, Barbarossa, and Habsburg Diplomatic Practice in the Muslim Mediterranean (1534-1542)." Journal of Early Modern History 25, no. 5 (October 11, 2021): 392–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-bja10029.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Between the 1530s and the 1540s, the Emperor Charles V tried to win over the Ottoman Grand Admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa, leading him to defect from the Ottoman cause and turn him into a faithful Habsburg warlord. In exchange for this, the former would have given the latter the opportunity to rule over the Central Maghreb as a new Habsburg ally. Obviously, both sides managed this negotiation in strict secrecy to prevent the plan from being discovered by the Ottoman sultan. Although it might seem surprising, this kind of diplomatic operation was a common tool to address political rivalries in the Early Modern Mediterranean. While efforts to recruit the best warlords were a well-established practice in Renaissance warfare, inter-religious dialogue was certainly nothing new at the beginning of the sixteenth century, given the long-lasting relations established between Christian and Muslim polities in the Middle Ages. Therefore, by analyzing the three main dimensions of diplomacy—communication, negotiation, and information gathering—this article aims to emphasize that the negotiation between Charles V and Barbarossa was not an exception, but a well rooted diplomatic practice in Habsburg Mediterranean policy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Forcina, Giovanni, Monica Guerrini, Hein van Grouw, Brij K. Gupta, Panicos Panayides, Pantelis Hadjigerou, Omar F. Al-Sheikhly, et al. "Impacts of biological globalization in the Mediterranean: Unveiling the deep history of human-mediated gamebird dispersal." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 11 (March 2, 2015): 3296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500677112.

Full text

Abstract:

Humans have a long history of moving wildlife that over time has resulted in unprecedented biotic homogenization. It is, as a result, often unclear whether certain taxa are native to a region or naturalized, and how the history of human involvement in species dispersal has shaped present-day biodiversity. Although currently an eastern Palaearctic galliform, the black francolin (Francolinus francolinus) was known to occur in the western Mediterranean from at least the time of Pliny the Elder, if not earlier. During Medieval times and the Renaissance, the black francolin was a courtly gamebird prized not only for its flavor, but also its curative, and even aphrodisiac qualities. There is uncertainty, however, whether this important gamebird was native or introduced to the region and, if the latter, what the source of introduction into the western Mediterranean was. Here we combine historical documentation with a DNA investigation of modern birds and archival (13th–20th century) specimens from across the species’ current and historically documented range. Our study proves the black francolin was nonnative to the western Mediterranean, and we document its introduction from the east via several trade routes, some reaching as far as South Asia. This finding provides insight into the reach and scope of long-distance trade routes that serviced the demand of European aristocracy for exotic species as symbols of wealth and prestige, and helps to demonstrate the lasting impact of human-mediated long-distance species dispersal on current day biodiversity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Zemanek, Alicja, Andrea Ubrizsy Savoia, and Bogdan Zemanek. "The beginnings of ecological thought in the Renaissance: an account based on the Libri picturati A. 18–30 collection of water-colours." Archives of Natural History 34, no. 1 (April 2007): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2007.34.1.87.

Full text

Abstract:

During the Renaissance ecological thinking emerged both in printed scientific works and in pictures showing plants against the background of their natural environment. A unique source for the history of plant ecology is the Libri picturati A. 18–30 collection of water-colours kept at the Jagiellonian Library in Cracow (Poland). This collection consists of 13 volumes of plant pictures, and contains about 1,800 images illustrating more than 1,000 taxa mainly from north-western Europe and the Mediterranean region, but also from Asia and America. Some of these pictures match with woodcuts in various works by famous Flemish botanists, mainly Charles de l'Écluse (Carolus Clusius) (1526–1609). Both the illustrations and their short annotations provide a synthetic review of the ecology of the Renaissance period. The paper deals with ecological issues which are found in the collection such as information on the climatic and edaphic requirements of some species, on plants occurring in various habitats and plant communities, plants representing principal growth forms, descriptions of particular adaptations to specific living conditions, for example the halophyte community of sea coasts or the parasitic flowering plants, and phenological observations. These trends can also be seen in printed publications of that time, and this collection mirrors them especially closely.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Romero, Magdalena Merlos, and Victoria Soto Caba. "Water and Enlightened Techniques: The Azuda (Waterwheel) of Aranjuez (Spain)." Gardens and Landscapes of Portugal 7, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/glp-2021-0003.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This investigation deals about one of the most unique constructions in the Aranjuez hydraulic engineering program. The Azuda, a waterwheel, was built in the middle of the eighteenth century in an area close to the Renaissance canal of the Embocador. First, a spatial and chronological analysis of its construction process and its typology which combines a wheel and an aqueduct, is carried out. Next, it is contextualized in the cultural tradition of the Mediterranean norias and its functions are clarified as it covered both irrigation and recreation. Finally, it is argued how the cultural landscape of Aranjeuz was enriched with a work of great aesthetic value, with classical and Muslim roots, being reinterpreted under the spirit of the Enlightenment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ljungqvist, Fredrik Charpentier. "Female Shame, Male Honor." Journal of Family History 37, no. 2 (January 18, 2012): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199011432534.

Full text

Abstract:

In the light of some key concepts from the chastity codes described by anthropological research for honor societies in the Mediterranean region and the Middle East, this article examines the chastity code for women that the Spanish Renaissance humanist Juan Luis Vives (1492/3–1540) advocated in his work De institutione feminae Christianae (1524/1538). Aspects, such as gender order, restrictions on women’s physical freedom of movement, regulations and instructions regarding women’s clothing, and various rules for women’s outward conduct, are studied. It can be established that Vives advocated a very traditional, patriarchal view of women, exhorting very strict gender segregation and female seclusion. He prescribed very tight restrictions on women’s freedom, with a view to controlling female sexuality, an aspect of Vives that previous research has not paid full attention to.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Tommasino, Pier Mattia. "Travelling East, Writing in Italian." Philological Encounters 2, no. 1-2 (January 9, 2017): 28–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519197-00000022.

Full text

Abstract:

The paper analyses the use of Italian as a literary language in the literature of European travel to the Ottoman Empire during the late Ranaissance. The choice of Italian will be explained as the link between its diffusion in Europe as a language of culture and its practical uses in the Mediterranean as a diplomatic and commercial code or as a tool of religious propaganda. During the late Renaissance, travels to the Ottoman Empire were the continuation of theperegrinatio academicaand theGrand Tourto Italy of high-educated European scholars. In light of this premises, I will present different versions, both manuscripts and in print, of the multilingualrelationeby the Pole Wojciech Bobowski (1610-1675), musician and dragoman in the Ottoman Empire, who wrote a description of the Topkapi Palace for European readers in Italian.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Cavallo, Bradley J. "Cosimo I de’ Medici’s Dissimulation of Diplomacy in the Guardaroba Nuova." Diplomatica 4, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25891774-bja10062.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Renaissance diplomatic relationships between sovereigns can often be understood vis-à-vis the gifting of portraiture. Such presentations enacted exchanges of an essential part of the individual portrayed – their presence. Hence, portraiture as a diplomatic gift served as an exchanged acknowledgement between rulers of their respective political authority. Using this mode of political messaging, Cosimo I de’ Medici (r. 1537–74) sought to bolster his reign by commissioning a portrait series of historical and contemporary, Mediterranean-wide potentates. When installed alongside maps and globes of the known terrestrial and celestial universe within the Guardaroba nuova, the painted effigies dissimulated multi-generational Medici involvement in international diplomacy because displaying the portraits en masse suggested that Cosimo and his predecessors had continuously received the paintings as diplomatic gifts, and thus recognition as masters of Florence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Jarošová, Markéta. "Hearstův hrad. Kalifornský sen v záři evropské umělecké tradice." Muzeum Muzejní a vlastivedná práce 57, no. 1 (2020): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/mmvp.2019.004.

Full text

Abstract:

Hearst Castle is one of the world‘s most famous public museums. Its architect Julia Morgan built the magnificent building near San Simeon on the Pacific Coast in Central California for William Randolph Hearst between 1919–1947. Its architectural form is mostly based on the examples of the Mediterranean architecture of Spain and southern Italy. The private residence where Hearst had hosted the famous Hollywood Society became a public cultural heritage in 1957. Since then, visitors have been allowed to admire Casa Grande and other suites, furnished with an unusually rich collection of European works of art, mostly of Medieval and Renaissance origins. The interiors are preserved in the original state in order for the visitors to enjoy the atmosphere of the 1930s. The installation of the artworks is one of the prime examples of the living history approach in a museum.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Montcher, Fabien. "Bonds of sweetness: A political and intellectual history of citrus circulations across the Western Mediterranean during the Late Renaissance." Pedralbes 40 (April 13, 2021): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/pedralbes.40.6.

Full text

Abstract:

El present article analitza com les converses polítiques i intel·lectuals sobre els intercanvis de fruita van afectar les relacions entre poder i coneixement a la Mediterrània occidental durant el Renaixement tardà. S’hi argumenta que les xarxes d’erudits van promoure el desenvolupament de la diplomàcia informal a través de l’ús del significat paradoxal dels cítrics nouvinguts per via de les monarquies ibèriques, i que aquesta comunicació política va estar articulada al voltant de conceptes com la tolerància i la dolçor. Així mateix, es demostra que a Espanya, Portugal i Roma les pràctiques polítiques i els discursos sobre cítrics van alimentar les lluites pel control de la cristiandat en un període que va estar marcat per contínues guerres i debats sobre l’estatus de les minories religioses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Sanvito, Paolo. "THE HOSPITAL OF SAN MATTEO IN PAVIA IN THE LOMBARD HEALTH CARE NETWORK. A UNIQUE CASE IN RENAISSANCE ITALY IN ARCHITECTURE AND DECORATIVE CYCLES." ARTis ON, no. 10 (December 29, 2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37935/aion.v0i10.261.

Full text

Abstract:

The example of the Hospital of San Matteo in Lombard Pavia, founded right at the turn from the Visconti to the Sforza Dukes dominion in 1448, in one of the most learned cities of Lombardy, presents a very experimental assistential building for the historical period in which it was conceived. Its foundation has also been related to the Dominicans of the region, since it was the local monk Domenico de Catalogna, who took initiative to plan it and obtain the necessary permissions. On one hand, San Matteo was influenced by the exemplary hospital of Santa Maria Nova in Florence, whose foundation went back as early as 1288 and which had obviously enjoyed a strong impact already in the Late Middle Ages from the Islamic skills in building this kind of structures. In fact, Tuscany continuously developed intense trades via Pisa with the Mediterranean neighbors, the Iberian states, Syria and Egypt in the first place. But there were more influences in Pavia: the transfer from Padua of the entire scientific library to Pavia in 1388 had surely enriched the latter’s university with a wealth of information from the Orient. For these numerous reasons San Matteo can obviously not be considered separately from a high number of parallel experiences, not only in Upper Italy, but also in the rest of the Mediterranean area and especially it can not be seen as independent from the innovations of the Arab scholars. It becomes therefore inevitable to consider the addressed topics in a global and highly learned perspective.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

González Arévalo, Raúl. "Italian Renaissance Diplomacy and Commerce with Western Mediterranean Islam: Venice, Florence, and the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada in the Fifteenth Century." I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance 18, no. 1 (March 2015): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/680520.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Cattaneo, Angelo. "Sean Roberts. Printing a Mediterranean World: Florence, Constantinople, and the Renaissance of Geography. (I Tatti Studies in Italian Renaissance History.) xiii + 293 pp., illus., index. Cambridge, Mass./London: Harvard University Press, 2013. $49.95 (cloth)." Isis 105, no. 3 (September 2014): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/679143.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Saviello, Alberto. "Printing a Mediterranean World: Florence, Constantinople, and the Renaissance of Geography. By Sean Roberts. I Tatti Studies in Italian Renaissance History.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. Pp. xvi+293. $49.95 (cloth); $49.95 (e-book)." Journal of Modern History 87, no. 1 (March 2015): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/680223.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Shyntyapina, Ye S. "FAIRY-TALE AND MYTHOLOGICAL MOTIFS IN THE DECORATION OF ARCHITECTURAL COMPLEXES BY N. P. KRASNOV IN YALTA DISTRICT." Arts education and science 1, no. 3 (2021): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/hon.202103013.

Full text

Abstract:

The article deals with fairy-tale and mythological motifs in the work of the architect N. P. Krasnov, represented in the decoration of the palace and manor complexes of the Romanov family Dulber and Livadia, as well as the estates of the princes Yusupov in Koreiz and Kokkoz, erected on the territory of Yalta district in 1880–1913. The stylistic continuity of architectural complexes was expressed in the ornament and decorative plastics created by the architect under the influence of Italian Renaissance, Classicist canons and Neo-Moorish elegance. The paper analyzes characteristic features of stylistic interrelations in the considered constructions by N. P. Krasnov, identifying fairy-tale, mythological artistic and figurative motifs in exterior decoration and sculpture. A full-scale study of architectural decoration and sculpture of the palace and manor complexes allows to identify the main fabulous and mythological motifs, borrowed and interpreted by N. P. Krasnov during his work as chief architect of Yalta. The study reveals that, referring to the traditions and historical architectural heritage of the Southern Coast of Crimea and artistic culture of the Mediterranean, the architect interpreted mythological subjects in plastic exterior relief, bas-reliefs and sculpture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Cazenave de la Roche, Arnaud, Fabrizio Ciacchella, Fabien Langenegger, Max Guérout, Marco Milanese, and Ana Crespo Solana. "Review of the research programme on the Mortella III wreck (2010-2020, Corsica, France): A contribution to the knowledge of the Mediterranean naval architecture and material culture of the Renaissance." Open Research Europe 2 (January 11, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13942.1.

Full text

Abstract:

The Mortella wrecks are the remains of two navi, Genoese seagoing merchant ships, sunk in 1527 in the Bay of Saint-Florent (Upper-Corsica, France) during the Seventh Italian War. A programme of archaeological excavations and historical research has been held on one of them, Mortella III, between 2010 and 2020. It has involved a multidisciplinary team around a European research project called ModernShip (Horizon 2020), whose objective is to shed light on Mediterranean shipbuilding during the Renaissance, a field still little known to this day. At the end of these 10 years, the aim of the present article is to conclude this research programme with the presentation of a scientific review that complements a recently published monograph on the Mortella III wreck. This study presents the latest results on the ship's architecture obtained during the excavation of the wreck in 2019, including a study of the wood of the framework. Finally, this article broadens our understanding of the nave presenting the results of a collaborative line of research on material culture with three studies in close connection with the ship architecture: artillery, anchors and ceramics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Cazenave de la Roche, Arnaud, Fabrizio Ciacchella, Fabien Langenegger, Max Guérout, Marco Milanese, and Ana Crespo Solana. "Review of the research programme on the Mortella III wreck (2010-2020, Corsica, France): A contribution to the knowledge of the Mediterranean naval architecture and material culture of the Renaissance." Open Research Europe 2 (May 18, 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13942.2.

Full text

Abstract:

The Mortella wrecks are the remains of two navi, Genoese seagoing merchant ships, sunk in 1527 in the Bay of Saint-Florent (Upper-Corsica, France) during the Seventh Italian War. A programme of archaeological excavations and historical research has been held on one of them, Mortella III, between 2010 and 2020. It has involved a multidisciplinary team around a European research project called ModernShip (Horizon 2020), whose objective is to shed light on Mediterranean shipbuilding during the Renaissance, a field still little known to this day. At the end of these 10 years, the aim of the present article is to conclude this research programme with the presentation of a scientific review that complements a recently published monograph on the Mortella III wreck. This study presents the latest results on the ship's architecture obtained during the excavation of the wreck in 2019, including a study of the wood of the framework. Finally, this article broadens our understanding of the nave presenting the results of a collaborative line of research on material culture with three studies in close connection with the ship architecture: artillery, anchors and ceramics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Kuehn, Thomas. "Venice’s Intimate Empire: Family Life and Scholarship in the Renaissance Mediterranean. By Erin Maglaque.Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. Pp. xviii+220. $55.00." Journal of Modern History 91, no. 3 (September 2019): 713–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/704422.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Dursteler, Eric R. "Venice's Intimate Empire: Family Life and Scholarship in the Renaissance Mediterranean. Erin Maglaque. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. xviii + 220 pp. $55." Renaissance Quarterly 74, no. 1 (2021): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rqx.2020.359.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Salsano, Michela. "La trasmissione dell’'ars dialectica' tra i secoli XV e XVI: Lorenzo Valla e Pierre de la Ramée." Mediterranea. International Journal on the Transfer of Knowledge 5 (March 21, 2020): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/mijtk.v5i.12470.

Full text

Abstract:

This essay addresses the theme of the transmission of knowledge starting from the process of traslatio studiorum. Such phenomenon – which occurred between the ancient Greece and occidental Europe since the medieval period – was intended as the triggering phenomenon of a whole series of transmission processes, persisted untill the Renaissance. It is my intention to propose a double riding, considering the Mediterranean area as a transient space, where different current of thoughts have been screened by speculative and linguistical filters, represented by the overlapping of commentators and translators. On first place, I intend to identify this phenomenon of knowledge's transmission, understood as transcultural process, taken in his historical connotation, that is as a process that commutes from one century to another. Secondly, considering the Arabic intervention concerning the translation and comment of Aristotelian auctoritates, I would like to analyze the delicate process of transmission and contamination between different systems of thought. Within these coordinates, it is my intention to focus on the contact between two systems of thought that applied such approaches in the Dialectic field, namely Lorenzo Valla's and Pierre de la Ramée's, better known as Petrus Ramus. I will take the cases of Valla and Ramus as examples of this phenomenon of translation: first, in the historical sense, since there is a shift of approach from century to century; secondly, in a geographical sense that affects the Mediterranean area, as both Valla and Ramus dealth with the linguistic problems linked to dialectic received from the Arabic heritage. I argue that these speculative currents might have come into contact, first, as the product of a long process of translatio studiorum, and then, as heirs of a tradition that had been influenced by the transmissions that had taken place in the Mediterranean. In conclusion, the purpose of this note is to show the preliminary and little debated issue of the possible contact between two paradigms of thought which justified a change in the approach of the study of Dialectic between the major Italian centers of knowledge of the XV century and XVI century Paris. This creates the space for some hints of acclimatization of Valla's dialectic at the Ramus paradigm, thanks to the shifting of attention from the perfectly solid linguistic practice in Valla's logical philological method to the correct procedures of reasoning that were completely detached from the metaphysics dimension and projected towards the institution of the Methodus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Rashed, Marwan. "De Cordoue à Byzance." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 6, no. 2 (September 1996): 215–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423900002204.

Full text

Abstract:

The editing of three anonymous Greek texts preserved in the Parisinus Suppl. gr. 643 allows us to clarify certain ideas on the transmission of knowledge in the Mediterranean during the second half of the 13th century. These texts – an introduction to the Physics of Aristotle, one to De generatione et corruptione and a page of Medical Problems – are in fact translations from Latin probably made at Salerno at the end of the Norman period or at the beginning of the Angevin dynasty. They allow us to establish the influence of the Parisian Faculty of Arts on the Sicilian intellectual milieu of the period and to illustrate how, whilst remaining true to its medical vocation, the University of Salerno evolved nonetheless towards a model of general education in the Arts. Finally these texts reveal the considerable influence – both philological and doctrinal – of Arabic learning on the Aristotelian teaching of their author. This very fact, combined with the presence of the Parisinus in Byzantium, in an environment of advanced philological learning, a few decades after its composition, leads us to question our understanding of the Palaeologan Renaissance as well as its independence with regard to the Arabo-latin scholarly tradition of the 13th century.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Barišić Marenić, Zrinka, Roberta Pavlović, and Ivana Tutek. "Industrial Heritage of Dubrovnik—Unaffirmed Potential of Gruž Bay." Heritage 5, no. 3 (August 25, 2022): 2332–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5030122.

Full text

Abstract:

As a fortified medieval city, Dubrovnik was the centre of the Republic of Dubrovnik, one of the smallest states in the Mediterranean whose importance far surpassed its size. Just like in many other Croatian historic cities, its industrial heritage has remained in the shadow of the historic city, not properly acknowledged as an important segment of the city’s history. This dichotomy inspired this research, whose focus was the cradle of industrial development—Gruž Bay. The research focused on archival sources, published and unpublished materials and a field study. The systematic integration of collected materials was upgraded with an analytical study, the valorisation, contextualisation and, finally, contemporary presentation. Gruž Bay was once an idyllic landscape with few Renaissance summer villas. The original matrix was overlayed with pre-industrial and industrial complexes: shipyards, a harbour, a railway, industrial and infrastructural complexes. At the turn of the 19th century, they were slowly gaining momentum, which was suddenly interrupted by nearby political turmoil, and ultimately a war. Since then, tourism has prevailed, and the industrial complexes have gradually become redundant. The affirmation of the value of the industrial heritage and its potential for reuse would contribute to the further development of this well-known UNESCO site.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Headley, John. "Sean E. Roberts. Printing a Mediterranean World: Florence, Constantinople, and the Renaissance of Geography. I Tatti Studies in Italian Renaissance History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013. xiii + 294 pp. $49.95. ISBN: 978–0–674–06648–9." Renaissance Quarterly 66, no. 4 (2013): 1472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675176.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Mazur, Aneta. "Śródziemnomorskie kody polskości w twórczości Jana Parandowskiego." Prace Literackie 58 (April 28, 2020): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0079-4767.58.12.

Full text

Abstract:

One is used to regarding Jan Parandowski (1895–1978) as a great connoisseur of the ancient world and a kind of “Olympic” writer with a distance to his own time and space. A thorough exam-ination of his literary essays, short stories and novels hardly proves this opinion. Treating Polish his-tory and culture, especially of the Renaissance epoch, as originating from and inspired by the ancient Roman/Greek tradition (“Poland is situated in the Mediterranean”), he conceals at the same time an evidently emotional approach to national legacy. There are several modes in which he evokes unique Polish history in the 19th century, with the great but problematic heritage of Romanticism as well as the controversial destiny of modern Polish artists obliged to fulfil national duties; he describes in classically discreet style Polish war experiences; he creates in different ways a sentimental image of his lost home country in Lwów. One of the clearest manifestos of the writer’s involvement in Polish identity can be also found in his defence of national sentiments and their qualities against the attitude presented in the famous work La Trahison des clercs (The treason of the intellectuals) by Julien Benda. According to Parandowski’s own declaration, his patriotism was responsive to aesthetic-al and sensory epiphany (geographical, landscape, etc. impressions) rather than to some abstract national symbols and declarations. There is also a close, mutual correspondence between ancient impulses in his work and his biography (Polish history); the writer has been frequently seeking for any consolation in Mediterranean utopian dimensions. Last but not least, the “postmortal” testimony of Polish identity in Parandowski’s biography and work seems to be related to the experience — for a long time unknown and only recently revealed — during his exile in revolutionary Soviet Russia; his pioneering study about “Bolshevism” documents the history of 20th-century totalitarianism and definitely denies the allegedly apolitical mind-set of the “Olympian.”

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Attema, Peter. "Inside and outside the landscape." Archaeological Dialogues 3, no. 2 (December 1996): 176–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203800000751.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper on perceptions of the Pontine Region in Central Italy starts out with a discussion of a map by the Renaissance artist and engineer Leonardo da Vinci which he made of the Pontine marshes in the early 16th century A.D. Since this map is the earliest rendering known of this former wetland, it is an important document for the reconstruction of the wet areas of the Pontine Region, a landscape unit that falls within the wider survey area of the Pontine Region Project.1 The example shows how deconstruction of historical documents, whether texts or maps, is a prerequisite for an understanding of how landscapes were differently perceived over time. After all we perceive what we want to see. A valid interpretation of Da Vincis's map for archaeological purposes requires, however, insight into both the context of the map and the way in which Leonardo da Vinci handled landscapes in his work. I discuss the map to demonstrate how archaeologists using historical and ethnographical documents run the risk of dealing with ‘outsider’ information whilst thinking they are dealing with sources that take them right inside the landscape, i.e. into the landscape of its past inhabitants. To avoid the pitfall of perceiving what one wants to see, the archaeologist is recommended to obtain insight into the various historical perceptions of his study area. I cite some instances from my work that show how it is possible to extract inside information from ‘outsider’ maps and texts concerning the Pontine Region. It is argued that such inside information is needed to complement Mediterranean survey methodology if the discipline is to develop landscape perception models of Mediterranean regions in antiquity that are not based on a priori notions. The delineation of preference surfaces in the landscape such as forwarded by the archaeological record, is proposed as a starting point for reconstructions of past collective perceptions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Huzain, Muh. "PENGARUH PERADABAN ISLAM TERHADAP DUNIA BARAT." Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (November 7, 2018): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32489/tasamuh.41.

Full text

Abstract:

The emergence of Islam influenced the revolution and made a wave of culture toward a new world when experiencing an era of darkness. The progress of Greek civilization in the West could not be continued by the Roman empire and Roman domination in the classical era until the middle ages; which was then the rise of the West in the era of renaissance in the 14-16th century. This paper will reveal the influence of Islam on the development of the Western world, since the emergence of contact between Islam with the West in the Classical era until the middle ages. There are different opinions among historians about who and when the first contact between Islam and the West took place. The first contact, however, occurred when the areas of East Roman government (Byzantium), Syria (638) and Egypt (640) fell into the hands of the Islamic government during the reign of Caliph 'Umar bin Khaţţāb. The Second contact, at the beginning of the eighth and ninth centuries occurred when the kings of Islam were able to rule Spain (711-1472), Portugal (716-1147), and important Mediterranean islands such as Sardinia (740-1050), Cicilia (827-1091), Malta (870-1090) as well as several small areas in Southern Italy and French Southern France. The third contact, took place in Eastern Europe from the fourteenth to early twentieth century when the Ottoman empire ruled the Balkan peninsula (Eastern Europe) and Southern Russia. The Ottoman empire's powers in Europe covered Yunāni, Bulgaria, Albania, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, parts of Rhode, Cyprus, Austria and parts of Russia. Of the three periods of contact, the greatest influence was in the second contact period, where the decline of Western science in the dark era, while in the Islamic world developed advanced and produces scientists, thinkers and intellectuals in various sciences. This influence can be seen from the sending of students studying to the university of Islamic area, the establishment of the university, the translation and copying of various scientific literature such as natural science (Science of astronomy, Mathematics, Chemistry, Pharmacy, medicine, architecture etc) and Social Science history, philosophy, politics, economics, earth sciences, sociology, law, culture, language, literature, art, etc.). The Historians recognize that the influence of Islamic civilization is very great on the development of the West, which culminated in the renaissance or rise of Western civilization in Europe after the dark era.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Huzain, Muh. "Pengaruh Peradaban Islam Terhadap Dunia Barat." TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v10i2.77.

Full text

Abstract:

The emergence of Islam influenced the revolution and made a wave of culture toward a new world when experiencing an era of darkness. The progress of Greek civilization in the Westcould not be continued by the Roman empire and Roman domination in the classical era until the middle ages; which was then therise of the West in the era of renaissance in the 14-16th century.This paper will reveal the influence of Islam on the development of the Western world, since the emergence of contact between Islam with the West in the Classical era until the middle ages. There are different opinions among historians about who and when the first contact between Islam and the West took place. The first contact, however, occurred when the areas of East Roman government (Byzantium), Syria (638) and Egypt (640) fell into the hands of the Islamic government during the reign of Caliph 'Umar bin Khaţţāb. The Second contact, at the beginning of the eighth and ninth centuries occurred when the kings of Islam were able to rule Spain (711-1472), Portugal (716-1147), and important Mediterranean islands such as Sardinia (740-1050), Cicilia (827-1091), Malta (870-1090) as well as several small areas in Southern Italy and French Southern France. The third contact, took place in Eastern Europe from the fourteenth to early twentieth century when the Ottoman empire ruled the Balkan peninsula (Eastern Europe) and Southern Russia. The Ottoman empire's powers in Europe covered Yunāni, Bulgaria, Albania, Romania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, parts of Rhode, Cyprus, Austria and parts of Russia. Of the three periods of contact, the greatest influence was in the second contact period, where the decline of Western science in the dark era, while in the Islamic world developed advanced and produces scientists, thinkers and intellectuals in various sciences. This influence can be seen from the sending of students studying to the university of Islamic area, the establishment of the university, the translation and copying of various scientific literature such as natural science (Science of astronomy, Mathematics, Chemistry, Pharmacy, medicine, architecture etc) and Social Science history, philosophy, politics, economics, earth sciences, sociology, law, culture, language, literature, art, etc.). The Historians recognize that the influence of Islamic civilization is very great on the development of the West, which culminated in the renaissance or rise of Western civilization in Europe after the dark era.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Mediterranean Renaissance'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles