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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medieval Women'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Castro, Lingl Vera. "Assertive women in medieval Spanish literature." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.704745.

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2

Normington, Catherine Jane. "Holy women/vulgar women : women and the Corpus Christi cycles." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297616.

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3

Hoogesteger, Naomi May Jensen. "Deviant women in courtly and popular medieval Castilian poetry." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3368/.

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This thesis is a study of the figure of the deviant woman in the poetry of medieval Spain; it outlines and establishes paradigms of acceptable and unacceptable attitudes and behaviours. The ideal comportment of woman in the Middle Ages is decreed by the Church and the aristocracy. However, woman is wont to rebel against the strict norms of patriarchy laid down for her. Through close poetic analysis, this thesis aims to expose and analyse women who deviate from the ideal, an axis which is based upon the ideal woman of Fray Martín Alonso de Córdoba’s Jardín de nobles donzellas (1469) and supported by historical contextualisation. Due to the expanse of the medieval poetic corpus, I focus specifically on women in the forms of medieval poetry that were sung: villancicos, canciones, and also serranillas, a strand of the erudite canción. The poems originate in Iberian songbooks (cancioneros), and loose leafs (pliegos sueltos). The modern editions that I use are Brian Dutton & Jineen Krogstad’s El cancionero del siglo XV: c. 1360-1520 (1990-91) and Margit Frenk’s Nuevo corpus de la antigua lírica popular hispánica (siglos XV a XVII) (2003). Initially, I establish the paradigm of the ideal late-medieval woman, whose subservience, chastity, and beauty are at the fore of her representation. Throughout the thesis, deviant women are seen to subvert these expectations in a variety of ways; principally through their promiscuity and dominant manner. Although for the most part, deviant women are portrayed in lyrics, the canciones also provide portrayals of deviant women that are less perceptible, yet still fascinating. An overall typology of deviant women has been established through the thesis, but equally significantly, close readings of many of the poems will augment the comprehension of the wider corpus.
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4

Macdonald, A. C. "Women and the monastic life in late medieval Yorkshire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390367.

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5

Curran, Kimberly Ann. "Religious women and their communities in late medieval Scotland." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2043/.

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The traditional view of historians is that Scottish female religious establishments were not worthy of study due to the ?scanty? sources available for these women, by these women or their convents. This study will challenge this preconceived notion that Scottish female religious were unimportant to the overall study of monasticism in Scotland. It demonstrates that by using a wide range of sources, Scottish female religious in Scotland were successful both economically and locally and had varying connections to the outside world.The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between Scottish convents, their inhabitants and Scottish families, kin-groups and locality. Firstly, will be a discussion of how the outside world and their connections to convents began by looking at the grants and further patronage of these religious communities. Further contacts between the two were varied ranging from the foundation and granting of gifts to these religious communities, the challenging of conventual rights and privileges, external conflict like warfare or the suppression of a convent. Secondly, an assessment has been carried out of the origins of Scottish nuns and the identifying of female religious: the outcome of this has been the construction of a database of all known Scottish female religious. Prosopographical analysis has been applied to show their links to local families, former patrons or founders and their relations to one another. The next part of this study discusses the organization and governance of Scottish convents by examining the role of Scottish prioresses in their religious and secular communities. The office of the prioress has yet to be fully evaluated as an important role in the monastery or in her local community and this section will highlight her many-faceted roles. In addition, how prioresses succeeded to office prioress and monastic elections will be discussed further.
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6

O'Shea, Regina L. "Queening: Chess and Women in Medieval and Renaissance France." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2416.

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This work explores the correlation between the game of chess and social conditions for women in both medieval and Renaissance France. Beginning with an introduction to the importance and symbolism of the game in European society and the teaching of the game to European nobility, this study theorizes how chess relates to gender politics in early modern France and how the game's evolution reflects the changing role of women. I propose that modifications to increase the directional and quantitative abilities of the Queen piece made at the close of the fifteenth century reflect changing attitudes towards women of the period, especially women in power. In correlation with this, I also assert that the action of queening, or promotion of a Pawn to a Queen, demonstrates evolving conceptions of women as well. This work seeks to add to the growing body of work devoted to the exploration of connections between chess and political and social circumstances during the periods under consideration. As the question of the interconnectedness between the game and gender relations is in its beginning stages of exploration, this thesis is offered as a further analysis of the gender anxieties and conceptions present in the game's theory and history.
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7

Toole, Kellye. "Spirit, sex and society : modern attitudes toward medieval visionary women /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09art671.pdf.

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8

Guillen, Gabrielle S. "Daughters of the Alcaldes: Women of Privilege in Medieval Burgos." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1399563719.

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9

Mills, Katherine Louise Carleton University Dissertation History. "Wills in later medieval England, with special reference to women." Ottawa, 1992.

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10

Lee, Becky R. "Women ben purifyid of her childeryn, the purification of women after childbirth in medieval England." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0015/NQ53915.pdf.

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11

Gentry, Jennifer R. "Wives and whetters the dichotomous nature of women in Medieval Iceland /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1313914851&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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12

Wolfe, Sarah E. "Get Thee to a Nunnery: Unruly Women and Christianity in Medieval Europe." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3263.

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This thesis will argue that the Beowulf Manuscript, which includes the poem Judith, Saxo Grammaticus’s Gesta Danorum, and the Old-Norse-Icelandic Laxdæla saga highlight and examine the tension between the female pagan characters and their Christian authors. These texts also demonstrate that Queenship grew fragile after the spread of Christianity, and women’s power waned in the shift between pre-Christian and Christian Europe.
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13

Williams, Laura Elizabeth. "Painful transformations : a medical approach to experience, life cycle and text in British Library, Additional MS 61823, 'The Book of Margery Kempe'." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24288.

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This thesis interprets The Book of Margery Kempe using a medieval medical approach. Through an interdisciplinary methodology based on a medical humanities framework, the thesis explores the significance of Kempe’s painful experiences through a broad survey of the human life cycle, as understood in medieval culture. In exploring the interplay of humoral theory, medical texts, religious instruction and life cycle taxonomies, it illustrates the porousness of medicine and religion in the Middle Ages and the symbiotic relationship between spiritual and corporeal health. In an age when the circulation of medical texts in the English vernacular was increasing, scholastic medicine not only infiltrated religious houses but also translated into lay praxis. Ideas about the moral and physical nature of the human body were thus inextricably linked, based on the popular tradition of Christus medicus. For this reason, the thesis argues that Margery Kempe’s pain, experience and controversial performances amongst her euen-cristen were interpreted in physiological and medical terms by her onlookers, as ‘pain-interpreters’. It also offers a new transcription of the recipe from B.L. Add. MS 61823, f.124v, and argues for its importance as a way of reading the text as an ‘illness narrative’ which depicts Margery Kempe’s spiritual journey from sickness to health. The chapters examine Kempe’s humoral constitution and predisposition to mystical perceptivity, her crying, her childbearing and married years, her menopausal middle age of surrogate reproductivity, and her elderly life stage. Medical texts such as the Trotula, the Sekenesse of Wymmen and the Liber Diversis Medicinis help to shed light on the ways in which medieval women’s bodies were understood. The thesis concludes that, via a ‘pain surrogacy’ hermeneutic, Kempe is brought closer to a knowledge of pain which is transformational, just as she transforms through the stages of the life cycle.
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14

McLoughlin, Caitlyn Teresa. "Queer Genealogy and the Medieval Future: Holy Women and Religious Practice." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555441223648827.

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15

Watkinson, Nicola Jayne. "Medieval textual production and the politics of women's writing : case studies of two medieval women writers and their critical reception /." Connect to thesis, 1991. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000703.

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16

Halloran, Susan Margaret. "The Mirror Speaks : the female voice in Medieval dialogue poetry and drama /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1998.

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17

Krook, Ann Sofi. "The portrayal of women in Irish hagiography to circa 900 AD." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326342.

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18

Priddy, Jeremy Daniel-John. "As Tufa to Sapphire| Gendering the Roles of Medieval Women in Combat." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1558108.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore medieval gender roles through the discourse and conduct of warfare. Some modern historians such as John Keegan have maintained that medieval warfare was a masculine activity that precluded female participation in all but the most exceptional cases. Megan McLaughlin asserted that the change from a domestic to public model of warfare resulted in a disenfranchisement of women after the eleventh century. This paper shows that medieval warfare was not male exclusive, and women's active participation throughout the period was often integral to a combat's outcome. By analyzing both the military activities of female combatants and changes in academic dialogues over war in the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries, an ongoing disparity unfolds between the ideological gendering of warfare and its actual practice.

This disparity informed an accepted norm in which women were seen as inherently weak and unfit for combat, requiring a "masculinization" of women who successfully engaged in battle. This in turn led to the establishment of the virago image of female warriors; paradoxically, women who therefore defied the normative expectation of feminine behavior could be held in high regard for their masculine virtues. At the same time, the contributions of individual women to warfare are often left with minimal mention or treated as anomalous by some later chroniclers.

The paper is divided into seven sections. Part I explores the eleventh century military career of Matilda of Canossa, and subsequent treatment of her activities by apologists and canonical reformers. Part II discusses the means by which women had access to military activity in a changing climate of gendered social roles, through marriage, inheritance, and the influence of the Pax Dei movement. Part III discusses the military activity of women during the Crusades, and the differences in how that activity was noted in Western versus Islamic sources.

Parts IV - VI discuss the thirteenth century academic dialogues over women's participation in combat in the wake of the Crusades, through the work of Giles of Rome and Ptolemy of Lucca. As well, it analyzes the enfolding of knighthood as a construct of feudal vassalage into the noble class, and the changing access to military orders granted to women as armies became professionalized. Part VII looks at the formation of a new kind of war rhetoric and an attempt to resolve the disparity between the theory and practice of warfare in regards to women through the fifteenth century work of Christine de Pizan.

The conclusions of this work are that war may be understood to be a masculine activity, yet is not male exclusive. Writers and war chroniclers were forced to complicate gendered social norms in order to justify or refute women engaging in combat. This only resulted in a continued re-evaluation of the proper ideological place of women in war, and was not necessarily reflective of a change in the actual circumstances or frequency with which women took part.

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19

Harrington, Christina. "Women of the church in early medieval Ireland c. AD 450 - 1150." Thesis, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244306.

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20

Williamson, Haley. "The Angel, the Adversary, and the Audience: Elisabeth of Schönau and the Negotiation of Spiritual Authority, 1152-1165." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22719.

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This thesis examines the visionary writings of Elisabeth of Schönau, a nun of Schönau monastery, which was a double house in the diocese of Trier between 1152 and 1165. I argue that Elisabeth’s works dynamically engaged various religious audiences (monastic and clerical) in order to provide spiritual guidance to diverse types of people (monks, nuns, abbots, abbesses, and clerics). Elisabeth’s writings not only represent the self-reflection of a twelfth-century woman visionary, but also demonstrate the ways in which Elisabeth forged her spiritual authority by reacting to, and at times anticipating, the reception of her visions by her community. While Elisabeth rhetorically described herself as a passive receptor of divine knowledge, she actively worked to shape the practice of worship first within her monastic community and then, once her authority grew beyond Schönau, amongst a wider audience.
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21

Da, Soller Claudio. "The beautiful woman in medieval Iberia rhetoric, cosmetics, and evolution /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4175.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 17, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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22

Emanoil, Valerie A. "'In My Pure Widowhood': Widows and Property in Late Medieval London." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211560325.

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23

Dunn, Steven T. "Weaponizing Ordinary Objects: Women, Masculine Performance, and the Anxieties of Men in Medieval Iceland." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7781.

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This thesis unravels the deeper meanings attributed to ordinary objects, such as clothing and food, in thirteenth-century Icelandic literature and legal records. I argue that women weaponized these ordinary objects to circumvent their social and legal disadvantages by performing acts that medieval Icelandic society deemed masculine. By comparing various literary sources, however, I show that medieval Icelandic society gradually redefined and questioned the acceptability of that behavior, especially during the thirteenth-century. This is particularly evident in the late thirteenth-century Njal’s Saga, wherein a woman named Hallgerd has been villainized for stealing cheese from a troublesome neighbor. If Hallgerd were a man, this behavior would have been considered rán, which was a masculine act whereby men challenged one another to take things by force. As a woman, however, Hallgerd’s clever use of ordinary objects was unsettling to men; her act, although mirroring the masculine expectations of rán, has been condemned by the author. Thus, by emphasizing the anxieties of men regarding such behavior, it is evident that later male authors, particularly those writing from the late thirteenth century onwards, considered this behavior as preventing society’s progression away from extra-legal conflict resolution. In doing so, the author of Njal’s Saga demonstrated that both women and men were aware of the power that these ordinary objects had in the hands of ambitious women, as well as how potentially dangerous and harmful to society they could be.
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24

Peters, Christine. "Patterns of piety : women, gender and religion in late medieval and Reformation England /." Cambridge [u.a.] : Cambridge Univ. Press, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam022/2002067361.html.

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25

Mills, Rosie Chambers. "Gendered imaginations? : illuminating the high medieval psalter for men and women in England." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446143.

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The emergence of cycles of religious images as a sort of pictorial preface to psalters is a particular feature of English manuscript illumination in the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries. The gender of their recipients has been implicated in the phenomenon because of anachronistic twentieth-century models of female spirituality as well as stereotypes about the function of religious images. In general, the intentions are reparatory, seeking to recover the experiences and contributions of women in the past. Claims that prayer books made for female use can be recognized by certain defining characteristics, however, flirt with gender determinism. Assumptions about the role of gender in shaping the illumination of English medieval psalters chime with current views about the gendered origins of late medieval lay culture. Yet, the evidential basis for these claims has not been sufficiently assessed nor analyzed. The usefulness of these assumptions can be challenged through several approaches. A close analysis of the depiction of a female recipient at her devotions in the Trinity Psalter (Cambridge, Trinity College, MS B. 11.4, folio 103v) reveals an unexpected degree of complexity and sophistication not anticipated by stereotypes of female spirituality. The principal medieval text recommending a visual component to devotional practice for religious women is also susceptible to deeper analysis. The participatory role of the male author and his fluid treatment of gender identity in De Institutione Inclusarum, written by Aelred of Rievaulx for his sister, has not previously been recognised. Finally, quantitative analysis further confirms the gap between models of a distinctively female spirituality and the surviving examples of pictorially prefaced psalters. While this study does not deny that gender could have played a role in the reception of psalter picture cycles, it insists that there is no evidence that the recipient's gender determined either their form or their content.
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26

Kiser, Dauna Marie. "Teaching caritas: reintegrating women's voices into thirteenth-century theological education." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2232.

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Thirteenth-Century women engaged in educational activities within their chosen communities, as did men. Yet, traditional scholarship has claimed women were not active in teaching theology because they did not leave behind theoretical works nor hold public teaching offices. I argue that if we expand our view of education beyond familiar structures, titles, and specific textual content, we find there were many more individuals engaged in teaching and learning than appear at first glance. We also discover their teaching within existing texts. Recent scholars have successfully demonstrated the participation of women in manuscript copying and editing, traditionally seen as male activities; others have investigated alternate ways that help us better understand medieval ways of knowing as well as how women expressed what they knew. My dissertation, Teaching Caritas: Reintegrating Women's Voices into Thirteenth-Century Theological Education, takes these reassessments one step further and locates women and their texts within educational venues more generally associated with men. It seeks to reintegrate some of the many unheard voices into the dialog through a direct comparison of texts written by men and women in the thirteenth century. In my analysis, I show how both entered into the conversations regarding one theological subject, that of caritas (charity or love, in English). Caritas, from the Greek agape and eros, was a subject important to Christian thought and works; therefore, theories regarding it appear in numerous texts written by both men and women. New approaches to the study of medieval women have drastically changed the historical landscape over the last fifteen years. Feminist scholars have shown that women's practices cannot simply be added into the narrative of men's history; rather, women's very presence in history changes the narrative. Scholars have revised patterns depicting male-to-female influence in monastic reform movements, explaining how women actively engaged in those movements. Scholars of literature and rhetoric have demonstrated that medieval women used their own voices to speak, and how their voices were silenced only during subsequent centuries as dominant educational institutions narrowed their canonical and professional focus. Not surprisingly, when we pick up medieval women's texts and listen to their voices we hear original insights on theological and philosophical issues - whether in Latin or in the vernacular. My project takes up two of these women's texts and finds common ideas that they and men's texts contain. I have chosen to focus on four authors writing within the Episcopal jurisdiction of Cologne: Albertus Magnus, Beatrice of Nazareth, Hadewijch of Brabant, and Meister Eckhart. They wrote in Latin or the vernacular for the benefit of their readers. By the thirteenth century there were a number of terms for caritas in both Latin and in the vernacular languages. This synonymous nature of caritas makes possible an analysis such as mine, which crosses genre, gender and language. These religious women and men learned various theories regarding the essence of caritas, and all knew (or knew of) certain techniques used to initiate visionary events. They were able to learn and then teach their thoughts and techniques because of the connection caritas provided between the knowing soul and the divine mind. Finally, although much of our educational history has been intellectual history, there was no one dominant or correct method of teaching in the thirteenth century. By bringing these aspects to light, my work will help women's voices re-enter the historical documentary of education.
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27

Richards, Gwenyth. "From footnotes to narrative : Welsh noblewomen in the thirteenth century." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1097.

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This thesis concentrates on the role of Welsh noblewomen in the history of Wales in the thirteenth century. Their absence from this history until quite recently is discussed, and several outstanding Welsh noblewomen have been studied in detail. The women studied include the mothers, wives and daughters of the native Welsh rulers of Gwynedd as well as noblewomen from northern Powys, Cydewain, Ceredigion, and so on. One chapter of the work is devoted to the Welsh Laws of Women which, although somewhat archaic by the thirteenth century, were still in use in some parts of Wales and help provide background. Another chapter investigates the evidence for women in the extant literature and poetry of the period. The thesis explores the themes of women’s access to power through the family and also the ability of Welsh noblewomen to take action in their own and their family members’ interests, in the public sphere, when they felt it was necessary. While the later years of the thirteenth century witnessed the final defeat of the Welsh by the Anglo-Normans after more than two hundred years, earlier in the century, Welsh leaders had been able to unite under the leadership of the rulers of Gwynedd and achieve a measure of independence from their oppressors. Welsh noblewomen played an important part in this recovery of Welsh power and their participation in this aspect of Welsh medieval history is also explored. It is clear from the evidence collected that most of the noblewomen studied owned land, in spite of the prohibition against women owning land under native Welsh law. Welsh noblewomen supported their fathers, husbands and sons, and they also took direct action themselves when the need arose.
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28

Richards, Gwenyth. "From footnotes to narrative : Welsh noblewomen in the thirteenth century." University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1097.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)
This thesis concentrates on the role of Welsh noblewomen in the history of Wales in the thirteenth century. Their absence from this history until quite recently is discussed, and several outstanding Welsh noblewomen have been studied in detail. The women studied include the mothers, wives and daughters of the native Welsh rulers of Gwynedd as well as noblewomen from northern Powys, Cydewain, Ceredigion, and so on. One chapter of the work is devoted to the Welsh Laws of Women which, although somewhat archaic by the thirteenth century, were still in use in some parts of Wales and help provide background. Another chapter investigates the evidence for women in the extant literature and poetry of the period. The thesis explores the themes of women’s access to power through the family and also the ability of Welsh noblewomen to take action in their own and their family members’ interests, in the public sphere, when they felt it was necessary. While the later years of the thirteenth century witnessed the final defeat of the Welsh by the Anglo-Normans after more than two hundred years, earlier in the century, Welsh leaders had been able to unite under the leadership of the rulers of Gwynedd and achieve a measure of independence from their oppressors. Welsh noblewomen played an important part in this recovery of Welsh power and their participation in this aspect of Welsh medieval history is also explored. It is clear from the evidence collected that most of the noblewomen studied owned land, in spite of the prohibition against women owning land under native Welsh law. Welsh noblewomen supported their fathers, husbands and sons, and they also took direct action themselves when the need arose.
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29

Ward, Jessica D. "Conjugal Rights in Flux in Medieval Poetry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500176/.

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This study explores how four medieval poems—the Junius manuscript’s Genesis B and Christ and Satan and Geoffrey Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde and The Parliament of Fowls—engage with medieval conjugal rights through their depictions of agentive female protagonists. Although many laws at this time sought to suppress the rights of women, especially those of wives’, both pre- and post-conquest poets illustrate women who act as subjects, exercising legal rights. Medieval canon and common law supported a certain amount of female agency in marriage but was not consistent in its understanding of what that was. By considering the shifts in law from Anglo-Saxon and fourteenth century England in relation to wives’ rights and female consent, my project asserts that the authors of Genesis B and Christ and Satan and the late-medieval poet Chaucer position their heroines to defend legislation that supports female agency in matters of marriage. The Anglo-Saxon authors do so by conceiving of Eve’s role in the Fall and harrowing of hell as similar to the legal role of a forespeca. Through Eve’s mimesis of Satan’s rhetoric, she is able to reveal an alternate way of conceiving of the law as merciful instead of legalistic. Chaucer also engages with a woman’s position in society under the law through his representation of Criseyde’s role in her courtship with Troilus in his epic romance, Troilus and Criseyde. Chaucer disrupts his audiences’ expectations by placing Criseyde as the more agentive party in her courtship with Troilus and shows that women might hope to the most authority in marriage by withholding their consent. In his last dream vision, The Parliament of Fowls, Chaucer engages again with the importance of female consent in marriage but takes his interrogation of conjugal rights a step further by imagining an alternate legal system through Nature, a female authority who gives equal consideration to all classes and genders.
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30

Voaden, Rosalynn. "God's words, women's voices : discretio spirituum in the writing of late-medieval women visionaries." Thesis, University of York, 1994. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4279/.

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31

Bowie, Colette Marie. "The daughters of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine : a comparative study of twelfth-century royal women." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3177/.

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This thesis compares and contrasts the experiences of the three daughters of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Matilda, Leonor and Joanna all undertook exogamous marriages which cemented dynastic alliances and furthered the political and diplomatic ambitions of their parents. Their later choices with regards religious patronage, as well as the way they and their immediate families were buried, seem to have been influenced by their natal family, suggesting a coherent sense of family consciousness. To discern why this might be the case, an examination of the childhoods of these women has been undertaken, to establish what emotional ties to their natal family may have been formed at this time. The political motivations for their marriages have been analysed, demonstrating the importance of these dynastic alliances, as well as highlighting cultural differences and similarities between the courts of Saxony, Castile, Sicily and the Angevin realm. Dowry and dower portions are important indicators of the power and strength of both their natal and marital families, and give an idea of their access to economic resources which could provide financial means for patronage. The thesis then examines the patronage and dynastic commemorations of Matilda, Leonor and Joanna, in order to discern patterns or parallels. Their possible involvement in the burgeoning cult of Thomas Becket, their patronage of Fontevrault Abbey, the names they gave to their children, and finally where and how they and their immediate families were buried, suggests that all three women were, to varying degrees, able to transplant Angevin family customs to their marital lands. The resulting study, the first of its kind to consider these women in an intergenerational context, advances the hypothesis that there may have been stronger emotional ties within the Angevin family than has previously been allowed for.
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32

Clement, Claire. "Mapping Women's Movement in Medieval England." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/367.

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This thesis investigates women’s geographical movement in medieval England from the perspective of mobility and freedom. It uses pilgrimage accounts from medieval miracle story collections and to gather information about individual travel patterns. The study uses GIS to analyze gendered mobility patterns, and to investigate whether there were noticeable differences in the distance which men and women traveled and the geographical area of the country they originated. It also analyzes the nearness of men’s and women’s respective origin towns to alternative pilgrimage locations, as a means of examining the factors determining gendered travel mobility. The study finds that women’s travel distances were less than men’s, especially in the later medieval period, but that they were in fact more likely than men to come from areas proximate to alternative pilgrimage sites. This suggests the existence of higher mobility capacity for women living in areas with greater contact with other travelers.
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Humphries, Catherine L. "Devocioun of chastite to love : the devotional language of virginity in some thirteenth- and fourteenth-century texts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342633.

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Lambert, Amy Annie Ophelia. "Morgan Le Fay and other women : a study of the female phantasm in medieval literature." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:13629.

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‘Morgan le Fay and Other Women’ is an interdisciplinary study that seeks to rationalise the various manifestations of a universal Other in medieval culture. Using Theresa Bane’s statement that ‘Morgan le F[a]y is a complicated figure in history and mythology; she has had many names and fulfilled many roles in religion and folklore’ as a focal argument, I present a methodology that identifies these ‘many names’ from what might be described as a primarily medieval perspective. Exploring the medieval notion of ‘character type’, this establishes a series of defining attributes that the culture of the period likely regarded as a ‘standard list’ for Morgan’s underlying identity: the Other Woman. Asserting that Morgan’s role in the medieval tradition is largely an attempt on to manifest this age-old concept in a variety of forms appropriate for different authors’ milieus and genres, this thesis suggests that medieval writers project onto the character a series of attributes recognised as Other from their own contexts. By applying this method, which has a basis in medieval semiotics and philosophy, to a range of characters, I propose that derivatives of the ‘Morganic’ persona might be found in a range of genres including medieval romance, drama, folklore, and, in my final chapter, the tradition of male outlaws.
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Douthwaite-Hodges, Melita. "'How wonnen was the regne of femenye'? : re-presenting women in four late medieval narratives." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420483.

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Seale, Yvonne Kathleen. "'Ten thousand women': gender, affinity, and the development of the Premonstratensian order in medieval France." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6277.

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This dissertation examines women's involvement with a Christian religious order—the Premonstratensians—from the foundation of that order in 1120 to the end of the twelfth century. The order's charismatic leader, Norbert of Xanten, attracted many hundreds of members to it, who were intrigued by his call for a return to the principles of the early church. Unlike most previous monastics, who had lived apart from the secular world, the first Premonstratensians—both male and female—served their wider communities in hospitals and through preaching. This dissertation maps out the ways in which, amid the wider religious reform movement which shook twelfth-century western Europe, women's financial contributions, familial links and spiritual vocations were fundamental to the cohesion of this religious organization. Despite its prominence in the Middle Ages, the Premonstratensian Order is most often discussed by modern scholars as a case study of how misogyny limited women's roles in the ever-more institutionalized medieval church. Textbooks on medieval religious history state that the Premonstratensians rejected all involvement with women in 1198—yet this is not the case. By delving into a sourcebase largely ignored by previous scholars because of its scattered and interdisciplinary nature—textual, art historical, and archaeological—this dissertation makes a contribution to the burgeoning scholarship on the religious, social, and economic activities of medieval women while also challenging mainstream histories to reconsider the assumptions on which they are built.
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Abenza, Soria Verónica Carla. "Ego Regina. Patronazgo y promoción artística femenina en Aragón, Navarra y Cataluña (1000-1200)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669965.

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Aunque algunas de las mujeres que vivieron o estuvieron de paso entre los siglos XI y XII en las tierras de Aragón, Navarra y Cataluña, promocionaron algunas de las obras de arte y arquitectura de mayor transcendencia para el arte del período, y pese a que eso ha estimulado que sobre ellas recayera una considerable atención historiográfica, los estudios sobre la promoción artística femenina en estas coordenadas espacio-temporales siempre han priorizado una de las dos realidades del fenómeno, o promotora o arte. Cuando surgido de la Sociología, a menudo se suele poner el acento sobre la mujer como sujeto social y a la obra de arte se le concede una cierta autonomía, sólo como otra manifestación cultural más, sin atender a lo que la distingue de otras formas de expresión humana. Cuando surgido de la Historia del Arte, con frecuencia ocurre todo lo contrario, el énfasis se pone en los valores artísticos de la obra, y la mujer no es más que un pretexto para explicar cómo la intervención de unos sujetos permiten justificar ciertos procesos asociados a la creación artística, como la circulación de temas o la génesis y difusión de una determinada estética. El eje sobre el que bascula el objetivo fundamental de la Tesis Doctoral es la comprensión de la interrelación social entre las promotoras y las obras de arte que promocionan según el modelo que definió Alfred Gell entorno a la causalidad del arte y su afectación por la acción (agency) de la promotora. Aunque se trata de una investigación de Historia del Arte, en el estudio de la promoción artística femenina como fenómeno inherente a la creación de obras de arte y de arquitectura, se hace prevalecer el método sociológico, pues es el que se entiende de mejor aplicación para no polarizar el protagonismo sobre las creaciones en detrimento de la creadoras. Como realidad binomial, mitad social, mitad artística, la capacidad efectiva y transformativa tanto de las obras como de la acción de promoción se asocia a fenomenologías propias de lo social como la apropiación, la aculturación o la transculturación. También, en consecuencia, a las que se conectan con lo artístico, como las derivadas de lo semiótico, tal que las de representación y reconocimiento que se instrumentalizan en la obra de arte a través de un vehículo gráfico o visual que remite a la promotora. La introducción del elemento femenino permite aplicar los planteamientos teórico- metodológicos de los llamados “gender studies” a premisas bien teorizadas en el marco de los mismos. Es el caso de las que se derivan de una visión ontológica de la mujer medieval y atañen a nociones de especificidad femenina, corresponsabilidad, marginalidad y liminalidad, e función de las cuales se conecta a la promoción artística de las mujeres la protección de los monasterios femeninos, la cura de la memoria, el anonimato y la jerarquización de roles. La Tesis se divide en dos partes centradas, la primera, en la conceptualización del fenómeno atendiendo a la realidad navarra, catalana y aragonesa entre 1000-1200; el análisis de los extremos disputables o irrefutables de las fuentes documentales y materiales que lo informan; la individualización de motivaciones concretas; y la información de dinámicas concretas entorno a la promoción artística femenina en relación a las mismas premisas que preestablecen los estudios de género y las fenomenologías propias del arte y de la sociologías. La segunda, en cambio, contempla siete case studies representativos del fenómeno: la promoción artística de Arsenda de Fluvià, Ermesenda de Carcassone, Estefanía de Foix, las hermanas Ramírez, -infantas aragonesas-, para con el convento de Santa María de Santa Cruz de la Serós, así como en torno a los monasterios femeninos de Santa María de Vallbona de les Monges y Santa María de Sigena y el conocido Estandarte de san Odón.
Although some of the women who lived or were travelling in the lands of Aragon, Navarre and Catalonia between the 11th and 12th centuries, promoted some of the most important works of art and architecture during this artistic period, and despite that this drew considerable historiographical attention on them, the studies on female artistic agency in these space-time contexts have always prioritized one of the two realities of the phenomenon –art or agency. When emerging from Sociology, the accent is often placed on the woman as a social subject and the work of art is granted certain autonomy, just as another cultural manifestation, without paying attention to what distinguishes it from other forms of human expression. When emerging from Art History, the opposite often happens, the emphasis is placed on the artistic values of the work, and women are just a pretext to explain how the intervention of some subjects allows justifying certain processes associated with artistic creation, such as the circulation of themes or the genesis and diffusion of particular aesthetics. The axis on which the fundamental objective of this Doctoral Thesis is based, is the understanding of the social interrelation between the female agents and the works of art that they promote according to the model defined by Alfred Gell around the causality of art and its being affected by the agent’s action (agency). Although this is a research in History of Art, in the study of female artistic agency as a phenomenon inherent to the creation of works of art and architecture, the sociological method prevails, since it is the one considered of best application in order not to polarize the authority over the creations to the detriment of female creators. As a binomial reality, half social, half artistic, the effective and transformative capacity of both the works and the agency is associated with social phenomenologies such as appropriation, acculturation or transculturation. Consequently, those that are connected with the artistic, such as those derived from the semiotic, such as those of representation and recognition that are instrumentalized in the work of art through a graphic or visual vehicle that refers to the female agent. The introduction of the gender element allows to apply the theoretical-methodological approaches of the so-called "gender studies" to well-theorized premises within their framework. This is the case of those resulting from an ontological vision of medieval women and they involve notions of female specificity, shared responsibility, marginality and liminality, according to which the protection of women’s monasteries, the custody of memory, anonymity and hierarchisation of roles are linked to artistic female agency. This Thesis is divided in two parts. The first one is focused on the conceptualization of the phenomenon according to Navarrese, Catalan and Aragonese reality between 1000 and 1200, the analysis of the questionable or irrefutable extremes of documentary sources, the individualization of specific motivations and the information of the dynamics related to female artistic agency concerning the same premises pre-established by gender studies and the phenomenology of art and sociology. On the contrary, the second part analyses seven case studies representative of the phenomenon – Arsenda de Fluvià’s artistic agency, that of Ermesenda of Carcassone, Estefanía de Foix, and the Ramírez sisters (Aragonese infantas) on the convent of Santa María de Santa Cruz de Serós, as well as the female monasteries of Santa María de Vallbona de les Monges and Santa María de Sigena, and the renown Estandarte de san Odón.
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38

Fischer-Kamel, Doris Sofie 1934. "THE MIDWIFE IN HISTORY WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON PRACTICE IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE AND IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276411.

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Adams, Stephanie Jane. "Religion, society and godly women : the nature of female piety in a late medieval urban community." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/8281d912-0160-45c5-8d18-af6e330bef33.

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Curwen, Emma. "Mother, wife, temptress, virgin and tyrant defining images of feminine power in medieval queenship and modern politics /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://165.236.235.140/lib/ECurwen2009.pdf.

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Shercliff, Rebecca Mary. "A critical edition of 'Tochmarc Ferbe' with translation, textual notes and literary commentary." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288120.

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This thesis provides a critical edition of the longest extant version of the medieval Irish text Tochmarc Ferbe ('The Wooing of Ferb'), accompanied by translation, textual notes and literary commentary. Tochmarc Ferbe is found in two manuscripts, the Book of Leinster (LL) and Egerton 1782. This comprises three versions of the text: a short prose account in Egerton 1782, and a long prosimetric account in LL, followed in the same manuscript by a poetic account. After a preliminary analysis of the relationship between these three versions, the edited text of the long prosimetric version (LL-prose) is presented, alongside a facing-page translation. Issues arising from the text, in terms of interpretational difficulties, literary features and metrical analysis of the poems, are discussed in the form of textual notes. A particular focus is the prevalence of textual correspondences between Tochmarc Ferbe and other medieval Irish tales, many of which are identified as direct textual borrowings by the author of this text. The thesis concludes with a literary commentary focusing on the role of women in the LL-prose version. It is argued that its depictions of a wide range of female characters challenge traditional assumptions about medieval Irish attitudes towards women, which tend to focus on their supposed passivity and negativity. The portrayals of two female characters are singled out as especially noteworthy. Queen Medb, frequently viewed as the archetypal expression of negative attitudes towards power-wielding women in medieval Irish literature, is shown to receive a positive depiction in this text. Meanwhile, the main female protagonist Ferb is characterised by her use of speech, which dominates the text in a manner almost unparalleled in medieval Irish literature. It is argued that she subverts the usually passive role of lamenter by channelling her grief into an active force, offering an alternative model of positive female action.
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Shepherd, Hannah. "'Neither in the world nor out' : space and gender in Latin saints' vitae from the thirteenth-century Low Countries." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25840.

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This thesis explores space and gender in twenty-three Latin saints’ vitae from the thirteenth-century Low Countries. In the midst of urbanisation and rejuvenating apostolic zeal, the vitae emerged from a milieu in which groups of women who were unable or unwilling to pursue a traditional religious vocation chose to live a vita mixta, a combination of the contemplative and active life, while remaining in the world. Recent scholarship has moved away from viewing the women through the lens of institutionalisation. However, continued focus on the women’s ecclesiastical status and the labels used to describe them has implicitly maintained a lay/monastic binary, in which the women are compared against the monastic paradigm. The twenty-three vitae under examination detail the lives of both women and men (whose vitae offer a comparison) from different backgrounds and vocations. This wide-ranging selection of texts allows for a broad comparative textual analysis in order to consider where and how the women and men enacted solitary piety and communal devotion. Taking geometric space as its organising principle the thesis considers the dominant cultural configurations of space and its fluidity, noting how space could be transformed to suit the spiritual needs of individuals and groups. Solitude could be achieved in a variety of different settings from the bedchamber to wilderness while spaces such as streets, windows and cells could facilitate communal devotion. This connected women and men from different religious backgrounds. There are some surprising finds: in the vitae entry points such as windows and doors were fundamental to womens’ communal piety and women sought solitude in the wilderness more frequently than their male counterparts. Uncovering women from the shadows of male-authored texts remains a pertinent issue in histories of medieval women. Ultimately, this thesis’ adoption of a spatial framework provides a different avenue to explore the vitae and primarily the women described within.
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Schenck, William Casper. "Reading Saints’ Lives and Striving to Live as Saints : Reading and Rewriting Medieval Hagiography." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1368.

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Thesis advisor: Matilda Tomaryn Bruckner
This study demonstrates the essential connection between literature and history by examining the way selected saints’ lives were read and rewritten in Latin and Old French from the eleventh to thirteenth centuries. Building on the concept of the horizon of expectations developed by Hans Robert Jauss, it argues against both the model of literature as a series of timeless classics whose meaning is apparent to the intelligent reader of any age and the tendency to reduce literature to the more or less successful imitation of historical realities. Not only does the interpretation of a saint’s life change over time as the text is read in different religious and cultural contexts, but the narrative is in turn capable of influencing the way its readers understand themselves and the world in which they live. By comparing different versions of each saint’s life, I am able to isolate variations in form, tone, characterization, and action, and relate them to the experiences of specific historical figures whose lives illustrate the important religious and cultural issues of their time. In order to do this, I examine three saints’ lives in light of the sometimes troubled relationship between the clerical order of the church and the laity. Two Latin and two Old French versions of the Life of Saint Alexis are read along with the life of Christina of Markyate, an English woman who fled from her husband to become a recluse. Alexis’s and Christina’s refusal of marriage illustrates the tension between the monastic model of fleeing from the world to save one’s self and the pastoral ideal of working for the salvation of others. I compare the figure of the mother in two very similar Old French versions of the Life of Pope Saint Gregory, a story of incest, penance, and redemption, to Ermengarde of Anjou, a countess who could never commit herself to life in a convent. Like Ermengarde and countless other lay men and women, Gregory’s mother faces the question of whether she can live a sufficiently holy life as a lay person or needs to enter a convent to expiate her sins. Finally, I read Latin and Old French verse and prose versions of the Life of Saint Mary the Egyptian in light of the similar yet opposing experiences of Valdes of Lyon and Francis of Assisi in relation to the question of heresy and orthodoxy. My understanding of the medieval religious historical context, particularly the history of the laity in the Church, builds on the foundational work of Raoul Manselli, Etienne Delaruelle, and André Vauchez, as well as more recent work by Michel Grandjean, who compares the different visions of the laity held by Peter Damien, Anselm of Canterbury, and Yves of Chartres. My dissertation shows that the different versions of saints’ lives not only reflect the evolution of attitudes about human relationships, salvation, and orthodoxy that characterize the time and place in which they were written, but also question the practices of later readers and offer solutions to new problems in new contexts. As my study demonstrates, ideals like the monastic identification of holiness with asceticism shape the way people understand and direct their lives, and the source for these ideals can often be found in literary texts like saints’ lives. These texts do not communicate these ideals transparently. The juxtapositions, tensions, and conflicts they depict can lead the reader to come to a more nuanced understanding or even a total reconsideration of his or her beliefs. The study of rewriting and medieval saints’ lives can help us better understand this interplay between narrative, ideal, and lived experience
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Romance Languages and Literatures
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Waggoner, Marsha Frakes. "Dismembered Virgins and Incarcerated Brides: Embodiment and Sanctity in the Katherine Group." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1373%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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45

Howes, H. E. "In search of clearer water : an exploration of water imagery in late medieval devotional prose addressed to women." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2016. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/18382.

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In his encyclopaedic work On the Properties of Things, John Trevisa describes water as 'able'. Water is an element which has no determinate properties of its own but which takes up properties from its surroundings and, at the same time, enacts change on those surroundings. This thesis argues that the inherent flexibility or 'ableness' of water, which Trevisa and other encyclopaedic writers identify, is crucial to late-medieval understanding of the element and, in turn, informs its use in a variety of religious writings. The multivalent potential of water enables devotional writers to use references to the element to symbolise and articulate access to God whilst they simultaneously deploy it as a metaphorical limiting agent that can regulate this access. Although there has been some critical attention paid to certain kinds of water in late medieval devotional prose, this thesis contains the first holistic study of various manifestations of water. It considers the material and historical realities of water in the Middle Ages as well as representations of water in different literary genres and demonstrates the 'ableness' of water within them. These findings are then used to shed light on a specific genre: spiritual guides authored by men and addressed to women, from the late-fourteenth and early-fifteenth centuries. The thesis identifies a literary language of water in late medieval devotional prose - a complex and recurrent set of images that authors draw upon to explicate Christian doctrine and portray different aspects of religious life. These images provide the organisational structure of the thesis. Three significant tropes of water are considered in light of its 'ableness': the imagined and encouraged relationship between water and the body in spiritual guidance, the importance of laundering the soul in such works, and the relationship between blood and water in Passion meditations.
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Linton, Phoebe Catherine. "Female space and marginality in Malory's Morte Darthur : Igraine, Morgause and Morgan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23434.

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Sir Thomas Malory’s fifteenth-century prose romance, Le Morte Darthur, depicts public and private identity as distinct and often incompatible halves of the Arthurian courtly community. In addition, masculine and feminine identity are represented as having different roles and functions within the text. Arthurian scholarship has predominantly focused on Malory’s portrayals of masculine and communal identity, as exemplified by central figures such as Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. However, in the past two decades an increasingly concentrated interest in the Morte’s female protagonists has emerged. As a contribution to this burgeoning site of critical inquiry I offer a tripartite case study of three marginal queens in this text: Igraine, Morgause and Morgan. Despite being the mother and sisters of King Arthur, these women have attracted comparatively little attention, either as individuals or as a family. This thesis argues that Malory presents noteworthy portraits of marginality in Igraine, Morgause and Morgan, which reveal the significance of space to the formation of identity in the Morte. Each of these protagonists is imagined in a variety of spaces in the Arthurian world: narrative, social, geographical, physical and emotional. Such spaces are contained within two principal romance locations, the court and quest wilderness, in which protagonists’ expressions and activities differ. Courts are typically governed by patriarchal authorities such as kings, knights, magicians and clerics, who privilege masculine public identity and political issues affecting the Arthurian community. By contrast, the quest wilderness encompasses places governed by what are termed ‘matriarchal’ authorities including queens, ladies, supernatural women and nuns, where private identity and individual emotions are more readily expressed. Marginal women speak and act in both the court and quest wilderness, but their identities are articulated differently in each. This thesis argues that Malory’s text presents moments when Igraine, Morgause and Morgan are marginalised by the Arthurian community critically, whilst the development of their individual identities in the quest wilderness is depicted sympathetically. As such, an examination of these protagonists’ movements across a variety of spatial boundaries in the world of the story as well as the narrative’s composite structure offers a revised reading of identity, gender and marginality in Malory studies. This thesis challenges two dominant assumptions about female voice and agency in the field. Firstly, that marginality is primarily a position of disempowerment, particularly for medieval women. Secondly, that marginal individuals are inherently subversive and threaten the Arthurian community.
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Pilz, Theresa. ""Concealing little, giving much, finding most in their close communion one with another": An Exploration of Sex and Marriage in the Writings of Heloïse, the Beguines, and Christine de Pisan." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/540.

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Thesis advisor: Robert Stanton
An exploration of sex and marriage and its role in the writings of three medieval women writers (or groups of writers), from the twelfth, thirteenth, and fifteenth centuries, namely, Heloïse, the Beguines Mechthild of Magdeburg, Hadewijch of Brabant, and Marguerite Porete, and Christine de Pisan. The object is to find the links between sexuality and intellectuality, if any, the role marriage plays in the expression of sexuality, and how the influence of outside institutions such as the church affect the way these women choose to express themselves in writing. Also discussed is how access to a community of women, or lack thereof, influences the output of a single female writer
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: English
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Brookman, Helen Elizabeth. "From the margins : scholarly women and the translation and editing of medieval English literature in the nineteenth century." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609521.

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Hess, Erika E. "Cross-dressers, werewolves, serpent-women, and wild men : physical and narrative indeterminacy in French narrative, medieval and modern /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9963445.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 245-255). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9963445.
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Warden, Tonya. "Medieval courtly love the links between courtly love, Christianity, and the roles of women in Tennyson and Morris /." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2000. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0314101-152701/restricted/warden0412.pdf.

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