Academic literature on the topic 'Medieval latin documents of Southern Italy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Medieval latin documents of Southern Italy"
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Korkiakangas, Timo. "Spoken Latin behind written texts." Diachronic Treebanks 35, no. 3 (November 5, 2018): 429–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.00009.kor.
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Abstract This study uses treebanking to investigate how spoken language infiltrated legal Latin in early medieval Italy. The documents used are always formulaic, but they also always contain a ‘free’ part where the case in question is described in free prose. This paper uses this difference to measure how ten linguistic features, representative of the evolution that took place between Classical and Late Latin, are distributed between the formulaic and free parts. Some variants are attested equally often in both parts of the documents, while perceptually or conceptually salient variants appear to be preserved in their conservative form mainly in the formulaic parts.
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Caskey, Jill. "Steam and "Sanitas" in the Domestic Realm: Baths and Bathing in Southern Italy in the Middle Ages." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 58, no. 2 (June 1, 1999): 170–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991483.
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This study presents five little-known bathing chambers from the region of Amalfi in southern Italy. Dating from the thirteenth century, the baths define with remarkable consistency a type of structure that has not previously been identified or considered in histories of medieval architecture in the West. The study begins with an analysis of the five bathing chambers and their specific architectural features, technological remains, and domestic contexts. The diverse antecedents of the buildings, which appear in ancient Roman, medieval Italian, Byzantine, and Islamic architecture, are explored, along with the implications of this eclecticism for the history of southern Italy. Utilizing the rich array of surviving medieval documents for the region, including episcopal charters, royal decrees, and medical treatises, the study then reconstructs the economic, social, and scientific significance of the baths within medieval Amalfi. As monuments outside the traditional contexts of art production in southern Italy, the baths challenge long-standing characterizations of southern Italy's art and architecture, and point to the existence of a Mediterranean-wide balneal culture in which Byzantine, Islamic, and southern Italian communities participated.
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Minervini, Laura. "I longobardi alla VI Crociata." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0001.
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Abstract The Old French word longuebart, with the meaning ‘inhabitant of Southern Italy’, is used in chronicles that deal with the war between the emperor Frederick II and the lords of Ibelin written in the Latin East. This article traces the history that lies behind this unexpected use of the term examining medieval French, Latin and Italian texts of various kinds.
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Carrion, Daniela, Federica Migliaccio, Guido Minini, and Cynthia Zambrano. "From historical documents to GIS: A spatial database for medieval fiscal data in Southern Italy." Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History 49, no. 1 (December 23, 2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2015.1023877.
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Cosma, Ela. "The Bishops’ House in the Romanian Pastoral Village of Rășinari (Mărginimea Sibiului) and its Hidden Treasures: A Short Legal History of the Book of Village Boundaries and the Deed of Donation (1488, 1383) and Transmissionales in causa Possessionis Resinar contra Liberam Regiamque Civitatem Cibiniensem (1784)." Eikon / Imago 12 (January 28, 2023): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.81756.
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The study aims to present legal aspects of the medieval and premodern history of Rășinari, the greatest pastoral village in Mărginimea Sibiului (lying at the foot of the Southern Carpathians), whose inhabitants (mărgineni) were considered the richest Romanian transhumant shepherds. Based on methods pertaining to Cyrillic and Latin palaeography, ecdotics, and legal history, we analyse precious documents discovered in the Church Museum of Rășinari, contained in the 18th century Orthodox Bishops’ House: 1. the extract of a deed of donation made in 1383 by Voivode Radu Negru to the Saint Paraschiva Church in Rășinari; 2. the Book of village boundaries of 1488, describing a perambulation for the separation of boundaries between the Romanian village and the Saxon one of Cisnădie; 3. the manuscript volume Transmissionales in causa Possessionis Resinar contra Liberam Regiamque Civitatem Cibiniensem 1784 (1,318 pages), a veritable legal mirror reflecting juridical relations, procedures and lawsuits specific to South Transylvania under Habsburg suzerainty. The examination of the medieval Cyrillic-Romanian documents’ variants, late copies and even 18th century Latin translations highlights the conclusion regarding the special historical, linguistic and legal value of the treasures hidden in the Bishops’ House of Rășinari.
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Gómez Rabal, Ana, and Alberto Montaner. "Sobre el adjetivo mediolatino armelinus y su parentela románica: una posible etimología árabe." Romanistisches Jahrbuch 70, no. 1 (November 18, 2019): 318–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/roja-2019-0017.
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Abstract In Medieval Latin, the adjective armelinus, -na and the noun armelinus are attested in notarial documents and other texts from different regions of Western Europe, in a wide chronology. At first glance, both the name and the adjective are related to the classical Latin demonym Armenius, but this etymon does not explain several aspects of its form and function. The present paper reviews all the etymological hypotheses suggested so far and arrives at the proposal that armelinus could be the result of the adaptation of the Andalusian Arabic armaní ~ arminí ‘Armenian (tissue)’, after converging semantically with armini ~ ermini, derived from the Latin armenius ‘(skin of the) Mustela ermine’. The authors suggest that both terms – adjective and noun – could arise in the territories corresponding to the linguistic domain of Catalan and that they passed from there to Italy and the rest of Western Europe.
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Metcalfe, Alex. "ORIENTATION IN THREE SPHERES: MEDIEVAL MEDITERRANEAN BOUNDARY CLAUSES IN LATIN, GREEK AND ARABIC." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 22 (December 2012): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440112000059.
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ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the development of land registry traditions in the medieval Mediterranean by examining a distinctive aspect of Latin, Greek and Arabic formularies used in boundary clauses. The paper makes particular reference to Islamic and Norman Sicily. The argument begins by recalling that the archetypal way of defining limits according to Classical Roman land surveyors was to begin ab oriente. Many practices from Antiquity were discontinued in the Latin West, but the idea of starting with or from the East endured in many cases where boundaries were assigned cardinal directions. In the Byzantine Empire, the ‘Roman’ model was prescribed and emulated by Greek surveyors and scribes too. But in the Arab-Muslim Mediterranean, lands were defined with the southern limit first. This contrast forms the basis of a typology that can be tested against charter evidence in frontier zones – for example, in twelfth-century Sicily, which had been under Byzantine, Muslim and Norman rulers. It concludes that, under the Normans, private documents drawn up in Arabic began mainly with the southern limit following the ‘Islamic’ model. However, Arabic descriptions of crown lands started mainly in the ‘Romano-Byzantine’ way. These findings offer a higher resolution view of early Norman governance and suggest that such boundary definitions of the royal chancery could not have been based on older ones written in the Islamic period.
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Byrne, Philippa. "Camping with Tarantulas: Nature as Protagonist in Eleventh-Century Sicily and Southern Italy." Mediterranean Studies 29, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 155–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/mediterraneanstu.29.2.0155.
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Abstract This article examines how landscape and environmental factors shaped the eleventh-century Norman conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. The conquest was documented in several narrative histories, including those of Amatus of Montecassino, William of Apulia, and Geoffrey Malaterra. These texts have been extensively analyzed for their rhetorical qualities as literary texts, but such an approach has tended to cast the landscape in a passive role, as an object awaiting rhetorical shaping. In light of recent developments in ecocritical studies, these texts ought to be revisited. The dynamic is not one of conquerors triumphing over conquered land. Instead, these texts offer a much more ambivalent picture. Norman mercenaries struggled to adapt to the ecological and environmental challenges of the region, its heat, volcanic activity, hostile fauna, and scarcity of water. A careful reading of these Latin historical accounts can be used to supplement absences in the archival record, and to provide a picture of medieval co-adaptation to the challenges of a particular Mediterranean landscape.
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Shahidipak, Mohammadreza. "Mediterranean Period of Islamic Medicine in Medieval." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 3, no. 3 (March 2022): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1438.
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Mediterranean is the birthplace of civilizational changes in world. There is special school of medicine in east of Islamic world which was formed by transferring Iranian medical heritage from ancient university of Jondishapur and medical sciences of India, Alexandria, Greece and Egypt. Therefore, Baghdad has arisen as a combined medical school. There is same school of medicine was established in west of Islamic world by evolutionary processes of Islamic medicine during its Mediterranean life and produced independent medical schools. Medical experience schools of ancient Cairo, Tunisia, Cordoba and Sicily transferred in Qairwan. This shows that medical development in Mediterranean world of Islamic period has been an increasing development, and Islamic medicine in the Mediterranean. Despite having Iranian roots and its origin go back to Avicenna, the founder of Islamic medicine and philosophy had a higher position than each other. It has acquired its oriental type. The medical school in the Mediterranean took place with the transfer of medicine from the first house of wisdom in the Islamic world to the second house of wisdom, which was built in Qairwan by Aghlabids state. The reality of Mediterranean period of Islamic medicine and its physical role in history of world medicine played by House of Wisdom (Beit al-Hakmeh ) Qairwan in the last stages of its development has prepared the collection of Islamic medical knowledge produced in Beit al-Hikma in Baghdad for final development by combining Latin teachings. By Transfer of Roman and Byzantine; medical knowledge from the Latin world to the Islamic world, which was a major milestone in the history of world medicine in southern Europe was made in Andalusia on the Iberian Peninsula, setting the stage for the latest evolution of medicine. A vast body of medical knowledge was transferred from North Africa and Andalusia to Europe (Salerno Italy) at the beginning of the European Renaissance.
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Sylvand, Thomas. "The Soldier, The Chapel, The Wedding and the Composer: Assessing the Works of Dufay and Saint Maurice of Savoy in the 15th Century." African Musicology Online 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.58721/amo.v11i1.91.
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This article explores two often poorly connected fields in a quite touchy symbolic conception. On one side is the complex ramification of the County of Savoy and its family therein at a period when Savoy become a Duchy under the protection of the German Holy Empire with the patronage of Saint Maurice, while on the other side is the complex and prolific secular compositions of Guillaume Dufay and its subtle style of performance. In many cases, little is known by Historians about medieval music. Therefore, Musicologists interested in metrics and comparison between manuscripts could easily obliterate the subtle diplomacy of the patrons of this period. To complicate even more, Savoy historians are in France and Italy (with most documents in Latin and French), and Dufay specialists are mainly in England and the United States. This essay also evocates a medieval Black saint, Maurice, considered a positive symbol, an idea not so evident in Savoy nowadays but probably also shortly after in the Protestant Alps, a period when visual representation could be easily destroyed. Hence this study enquires into this controversial subject and finds interesting new materials connected with music. This could be anecdotal if these pieces were not already so well-known and influential in the History of music.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medieval latin documents of Southern Italy"
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VENDEMIA, MARIA ELISABETTA. "Notariato e documento notarile in età angioina in Terra di Lavoro." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1011488.
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The research examines the notaries' documents of the most important cities of "Terra di Lavoro" (Capua, Caiazzo, Caserta, Sessa Aurunca, Teano), written between the Xth and XVth centuries, to retrace their forms.
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Harvey, Maria. "Santa Caterina at Galatina : late medieval art in Salento at the frontier of the Latin and Orthodox worlds." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289756.
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The focus of this dissertation is the Franciscan church of Santa Caterina (ca.1385-1391) at Galatina in the Salento, an area of Italy characterised by the presence of Greek language and/or rite communities. Scholars have described it as an emblematically 'Latin' church, decorated with 'Giottesque' frescoes, commissioned by a ruthless and ambitious signore, built with the papacy's approval, donated to the Franciscan order and founded with the aim of providing mass in Latin for those who did not speak Greek. This dissertation argues that that view needs to be considerably nuanced, if only because the relationship between the Graeci and the Latini in late-medieval Salento is much more complex than often acknowledged. I place Santa Caterina in its context, exploring how the frescoes themselves are evidence for transculturation and how the experience of both communities must be re-centred in order to fully understand the creation and reception of the fresco programme. Before doing this, however, this PhD focuses on the history of the foundation by restoring agency to two of the three main patrons: Raimondello del Balzo Orsini (d.1406) and his wife Maria d'Enghien (d.1446). I argue that the foundation of Santa Caterina was the first sign of Raimondello's interest in south-eastern Italy, which would allow him to become the first person outside of the royal family to be crowned Prince of Taranto in 1399. I explore the possibility the church may have been built ad instar of St Catherine's on Mt Sinai, and how this may in turn explain some of its unusual architectural features. This dissertation then takes on the second phase of the church's history, during which Maria, now Queen of Naples, commissioned the extensive mural decoration. I date the fresco decoration ca.1415-23/5, discuss in detail their iconography, reconstruct lost scenes, and present - for the first time - a holistic interpretation of the mural programme.
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MANCHIA, MARIA FEDERICA. "Arte e monachesimo verginiano tra Campania e Basilicata dalle origini al XIV secolo. Forme insediative e testimonianze artistiche nelle diocesi di Avellino, Conza, Nusco e Rapolla." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1084611.
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Questa ricerca nasce dall’esigenza di colmare le lacune storiografiche riguardo il fenomeno monastico verginiano e la sua produzione artistica in Campania e Basilicata, la cui conoscenza è ancora frammentaria e caratterizzata da scarsa organicità, prendendo in esame globalmente testimonianze monumentali spesso non sufficientemente frequentate dagli studi scientifici, accanto ad altre già sondate, ma quasi sempre per alcuni aspetti di particolare rilevanza, quali gli arredi liturgici o le sculture architettoniche. L’obiettivo è stato quello di una rilettura complessiva, sia storica che artistica, volta a una migliore comprensione delle ragioni che hanno determinato la nascita e lo sviluppo di questo patrimonio di architettura e arte monastica.
L’indagine è proceduta per nuclei territoriali, prediligendo un criterio prima topografico e poi cronologico, così da poter evidenziare sito per sito la continuità di un fenomeno caratterizzato sul piano materiale dall’evoluzione delle forme insediative col passaggio dall’eremitismo al cenobitismo, e da una storia monumentale che contempla, per gli insediamenti di rientrati nell’orbita della congregazione sullo scorcio del XII secolo, restauri e ampliamenti nel costante mantenimento dei luoghi delle origini.
La scelta dell’area territoriale è stata dettata dalla particolare concentrazione di esperienze monastiche in una regione che in età antica era attraversata dal tracciato della Via Appia, nella quale, in epoca medievale, rientreranno le diocesi di Avellino, Nusco, Conza della Campania e Rapolla, importanti avamposti della nobiltà normanna, che sempre vi eserciterà il suo controllo politico tramite una salda organizzazione vescovile, l’affidamento di alte cariche a uomini di fiducia, la gestione strutturata delle attività agricole ed economiche in genere, e, infine, attraverso gli enti monastici, spesso strettamente connessi al potere
signorile.
La ricerca ha affrontato, concentrandosi sulle fondazioni abbaziali, i secoli che vanno dalla seconda metà del XII alla seconda metà del XIV, evidenziando i cambiamenti che gli eventi storici, politici e religiosi determinarono nel rapporto tra monasteri e territorio e nelle strutture architettoniche. Il termine cronologico ultimo della trattazione coincide, per l’abbazia di Montevergine, con la fine del dominio angioino, che rappresenta l’avvio di una stasi nella produzione artistica, che riprenderà vigore solo in epoca rinascimentale. Per le fondazioni di Santa Maria di Fontigliano, San Salvatore al Goleto, Sant’Ippolito a Monticchio e Santa Maria di Pierno, monasteri fortemente condizionati dalle vicende della nobiltà normanno-sveva, la ricerca si ferma di fatto alla metà del XIII secolo, dal momento che nessun indizio, né documentario né architettonico- artistico, permette di ipotizzare una rinnovata vitalità dopo l’avvento degli Angiò, quando le loro sorti cominceranno inevitabilmente a decadere. Tuttavia, l’innesto dell’esperienza monastica francescana in Basilicata nel primo XIV secolo rappresenterà, con l’esempio del superstite chiostro del monastero di Sant’Antonio a Muro Lucano, un’ultima traccia di continuità col linguaggio espressivo maturato nell’orbita dell’esperienza verginiana.
Le componenti culturali che caratterizzano i monasteri della valle dell’Ofanto e del Partenio danno vita, dalla metà del XII secolo all’età angioina, a un originale percorso creativo in cui a un latente substrato autoctono si sommano progressivamente elementi allogeni, spesso incoraggiati da scelte collegabili a peculiari situazioni politico- istituzionali o agli orientamenti della committenza. La rete di monasteri e dipendenze gravitanti attorno alle fondazioni di Santa Maria di Montevergine e San Salvatore al Goleto, in sinergia con i vicini insediamenti benedettini, si era fatta più o meno consapevolmente centro catalizzatore di maestranze di provenienza eterogenea, sparse su tutto il territorio lucano e campano, con propaggini nella Puglia garganica, oltre che vivace recettore del gusto più in voga in determinati contesti storico-geografici.
Books on the topic "Medieval latin documents of Southern Italy"
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Terra Sancti Benedicti: Studies in the palaeography, history and liturgy of medieval Southern Italy. Roma: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 2005.
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Reynolds, Roger E. Studies on medieval liturgical and legal manuscripts from Spain and southern Italy. Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2009.
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Studies on medieval liturgical and legal manuscripts from Spain and southern Italy. Farnham, England: Ashgate, 2009.
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Morton, James. Byzantine Religious Law in Medieval Italy. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861140.001.0001.
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This book is a historical study of these manuscripts, exploring how and why the Greek Christians of medieval southern Italy persisted in using them so long after the end of Byzantine rule. Southern Italy was conquered by the Norman Hauteville dynasty in the late eleventh century after over 500 years of continuous Byzantine rule. At a stroke, the region’s Greek Christian inhabitants were cut off from their Orthodox compatriots in Byzantium and became subject to the spiritual and legal jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic popes. Nonetheless, they continued to follow the religious laws of the Byzantine church; out of thirty-six surviving manuscripts of Byzantine canon law produced between the tenth and fourteenth centuries, the majority date to the centuries after the Norman conquest. Part I provides an overview of the source material and the history of Italo-Greek Christianity. Part II examines the development of Italo-Greek canon law manuscripts from the last century of Byzantine rule to the late twelfth century, arguing that the Normans’ opposition to papal authority created a laissez faire atmosphere in which Greek Christians could continue to follow Byzantine religious law unchallenged. Finally, Part III analyses the papacy’s successful efforts to assert its jurisdiction over southern Italy in the later Middle Ages. While this brought about the end of Byzantine canon law as an effective legal system in the region, the Italo-Greeks still drew on their legal heritage to explain and justify their distinctive religious rites to their Latin neighbours.
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Le rappresentazioni planimetriche di Villa Adriana tra XVI e XVIII secolo - Ligorio, Contini, Kircher, Gondoin, Piranesi. ECOLE ROME, 2017.
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Ast, Rodney, Tino Licht, and Julia Lougovaya, eds. Uniformity and Regionalism in Latin Writing Culture of the First Millennium C.E. Harrassowitz Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/9783447118880.
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Over the course of thirteen chapters authored by specialists of Roman history, Classics, Latin linguistics, papyrology, epigraphy and Medieval studies, this volume showcases samples of Latin writing in Greco-Roman antiquity and the early Middle Ages from a range of places across and on the margins of the Mediterranean world (Britain, Italy, North Africa, Visigothic Spain, among others). Central to the book is the basic question how uniform practices and regional expression manifest themselves in materials, scripts, layout and even language. In addition to parchment manuscripts and stone inscriptions, the contributions deal with Latin writing on papyrus, wood, ceramic sherds (called “ostraca”), metal and slate. They consider how regional factors might have affected preferences for some materials; how universal documentary practice adjusted to local habits; how the acquisition of Latin as a foreign language could be aided by and reflected in the layout and design of a text; how the origin of documents might be observed in script; and how space could enshrine and enhance text.
Book chapters on the topic "Medieval latin documents of Southern Italy"
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"75. Medicine in Southern Italy: Six Texts (twelfth–fourteenth centuries) translated from Latin by Monica H. Green." In Medieval Italy, 309–25. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812206067.309.
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"1. Land Leasing and Legal Status in Southern Italy: Three Texts (964–86) translated from Latin by Valerie Ramseyer." In Medieval Italy, 3–6. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.9783/9780812206067.3.
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Morton, James. "Greek Christianity in Medieval Italy." In Byzantine Religious Law in Medieval Italy, 31–56. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861140.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 offers a historical narrative of Greek Christianity in medieval southern Italy from the era of Byzantine rule in the early Middle Ages to the fifteenth century. It begins with the transformation of Byzantine Italy during the era of Iconoclasm (8th–9th centuries) and the Macedonian dynasty (9th–11th centuries). Faced with the external crisis of Islamic invasion and the internal political crises that resulted, the Byzantine authorities placed southern Italy under the patriarchate of Constantinople and established a military government (the katepanikion) over the region, bringing settlers from Greece and Anatolia to reinforce the Greek presence there. It then describes the impact of the Norman invasion of the eleventh century, noting the hostilities that flared between Greek and Latin Christians in southern Italy as a result. Next, the chapter moves on to address the aftermath of the Norman conquest for the Italo-Greeks, discussing the so-called ‘Italo-Greek Renaissance’ of the twelfth century and Norman patronage of Greek ecclesiastical institutions such as the Patiron of Rossano and the Holy Saviour of Messina. It then details the changing circumstances of the thirteenth century, with the demise of the Norman Hauteville dynasty and the arrival of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. It also highlights the significance of the Fourth Crusade and the Fourth Lateran Council as developments that heralded increased papal interference in Italo-Greek affairs. Lastly, the chapter examines the impact of the Angevin conquest and the relegation of the southern Italian Greeks to an ethnic minority within the hierarchy of the Roman Church.
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Ramseyer, Valerie. "Questions of Monastic Identity in Medieval Southern Italy and Sicily (c. 500–1200)." In The Cambridge History of Medieval Monasticism in the Latin West, 399–414. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781107323742.020.
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Morton, James. "The Byzantine Background." In Byzantine Religious Law in Medieval Italy, 81–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861140.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 examines the surviving nomocanonical manuscripts from the period of Byzantine rule in early medieval southern Italy (tenth–eleventh centuries). Very few manuscripts survive from before the twelfth century, so their content must be reconstructed from later codices. Nonetheless, this chapter argues that enough evidence has been preserved to prove that Byzantine canon law was firmly established in southern Italy from the time of the empire’s ecclesiastical and administrative reorganisations of the ninth and tenth centuries. The chapter shows that, as the Byzantines reconquered territories from the Lombards and established new ecclesiastical centres in Reggio, S. Severina, and Otranto, they introduced the Nomocanon in Fourteen Titles, the Nomocanon in Fifty Titles, and the Synopsis of Canons to serve as legal reference works. It then focuses on the Carbone nomocanon (Vat. gr. 1980–1981), the only complete nomocanon to survive from the era of Byzantine rule, arguing that it was probably produced in the eleventh century for use by a Greek bishop in Lucania. The manuscript’s contents and marginalia indicate that its owner was fully aligned with the legal system of Constantinople and show no influences from neighbouring Latin jurisdictions. Finally, the chapter looks at evidence from the period of Norman conquest in the late eleventh century, revealing how the resulting tensions between Latin and Greek Christians in the region left traces of contemporary Byzantine polemic against the azyma (unleavened bread in the Eucharist) in Calabrian nomocanons of the twelfth century.
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Morton, James. "The Secular Church and the Laity." In Byzantine Religious Law in Medieval Italy, 139–54. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861140.003.0008.
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Chapter 7 examines the surviving evidence for nomocanon use among the secular (i.e. non-monastic) church and lay officials under Norman rule. While far fewer manuscripts survive from these circles than from monasteries, it is nonetheless clear that nomocanons continued to be used not only by Greek bishops but even by lay judges and notaries. The chapter begins with an examination of the Italo-Greek episcopate, highlighting the significance of the bishop’s judicial role in the Byzantine church and the lack of evidence for any kind of influence of Latin canon law on the nomocanons of Greek bishops of southern Italy in the twelfth century. It then discusses two fascinating twelfth-century nomocanons: the Epitome Marciana from southern Calabria and the ‘Nomocanon of Doxapatres’ from Rossano. The manuscripts provide decisive evidence that Greek lay judges in the Norman kingdom played a role in the administration of ecclesiastical justice, relying entirely on Byzantine legal sources. In some cases, as in Rossano, Greek aristocratic families would dominate both the archiepiscopal and civil judicial offices, with the result that the family would possess multiple manuscripts of Byzantine civil and canon law.
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Morton, James. "‘They Do It Like This in Romania’." In Byzantine Religious Law in Medieval Italy, 193–208. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861140.003.0011.
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Chapter 10 explores the changing uses of Byzantine canon law among the Italo-Greeks in the thirteenth century. The Greek churches and monasteries of southern Italy became increasingly integrated into the administration of the Roman church following the Fourth Lateran Council (1215). Nonetheless, as the Salentine Group shows, some Italo-Greeks continued to copy nomocanons as late as the fourteenth century. Chapter 10 argues that the manuscripts retained a value as sources of cultural authority, explaining and justifying Greek religious ritual, even as they lost their value as sources of legal authority. To illustrate this point, the chapter begins with a discussion of Nektarios of Otranto’s Three Chapters, a polemical work of c. 1220–1225 that relies heavily on citations of Byzantine canon law to refute Latin attacks on Greek rites and customs. It then considers who these refutations were aimed at, looking in particular at the abortive attempt of Archbishop Marinus of Bari to outlaw Greek baptism in 1232 as a specific example of Latin criticism. It notes, however, that criticism like this from the official church hierarchy was rare and that controversy was probably more restricted to an unofficial, local level. The chapter concludes by examining evidence that canon-law based defences of Greek religious practice were not just aimed at Latins but also at other Greeks. As many Italo-Greeks began to adopt (consciously or otherwise) Latin rites into their worship, more conservative sections of the community attempted to resist such cultural change by mobilising canon law as polemic.
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Morton, James. "The Papacy Takes Charge." In Byzantine Religious Law in Medieval Italy, 157–70. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861140.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 8 moves from the Norman kingdom of the twelfth century to the newly changed situation in the early thirteenth century, as the demise of the Hauteville dynasty and the minority of the young king Frederick II Hohenstaufen (r. 1198–1250) created an opportunity for Pope Innocent III (r. 1198–1216) and his successors to enforce their authority in southern Italy. Meanwhile, the Latin conquest of Constantinople in the Fourth Crusade (1204) created an imperative for the papacy to develop a coherent policy towards the integration of Greek Christians into the Roman church’s administrative and legal structures. The chapter discusses how the papacy formulated this policy at the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) and the resulting increase in papal interventions in the legal affairs of the southern Italian Greeks. It then looks at Pope Honorius III’s (r. 1216–1227) short-lived effort to organise Byzantine-rite monasteries into an Order of St Basil under Grottaferrata (a predecessor to Eugenius IV’s more successful fifteenth-century order). It examines the Grottaferrata Nomocanon (Marc. gr. 171), a manuscript produced at the monastery in c. 1220–1230 that was apparently intended to provide a legal guide for the new order yet was still entirely Byzantine in character. The chapter finishes by focusing on the conflict between the Holy Saviour monastery of Messina and the papacy in the 1220s–1230s as an important example of the papacy’s efforts to bring the royal monasteries of the Kingdom of Sicily under episcopal control.