Academic literature on the topic 'Medicine, Preventive – Government policy – United States'

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Journal articles on the topic "Medicine, Preventive – Government policy – United States"

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Carson, Byron. "Firm-Led Malaria Prevention in the United States, 1910-1920." American Journal of Law & Medicine 42, no. 2-3 (May 2016): 310–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858816658271.

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In the absence of capable government services, a railroad company in Texas and multiple cotton mills in North Carolina successfully prevented malaria in the early twentieth century. This Article looks through the lens of economics to understand how and why people had the incentive to privately coordinate malaria prevention during this time, but not after. These firms, motivated by increases in productivity and profit, implemented extensive anti-malaria programs and used their hierarchical organizational structures to monitor performance. The factors underlying the decline of private prevention include a fall in the overall rate of malaria, the increasing presence of the federal government, and technological innovations that lowered exposure to mosquitoes. Understanding how, why, and when firms can prevent diseases has important implications for current disease policy, especially where governments, international organizations, and technologies are not enough.
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Wilkinson, T. M. "OBESITY POLICY AND WELFARE." Public Affairs Quarterly 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 115–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26910022.

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Abstract Governments can try to counter obesity through preventive regulations such as sugar taxes, which appear to raise costs or reduce options for consumers. Would the regulations improve the welfare of adult consumers? The regulations might improve choice sets through a mechanism such as reformulation, but the scope for such improvement is limited. Otherwise, a paternalistic argument must be made that preventive regulations would improve welfare despite reducing choice. This paper connects arguments about obesity, health, and choice to a philosophically plausible view of welfare. On the negative side, two errors to avoid are failing to see the limited value of health and thinking that findings of irrationality would alone settle arguments about welfare. On the positive side, preventive regulations could make people better-off if welfare is the satisfaction of preferences and if preventive regulations could better satisfy preferences by overcoming certain forms of irrationality. The leading evidence is from widespread attempts to lose weight. However, at least for the United States, most adults are not trying to lose weight, and that casts doubt on whether they would benefit from preventive regulations. If they would not, that seems a strong albeit not decisive reason against these regulations.
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Larijani, B., O. Ameli, K. Alizadeh, and S. R. Mirsharifi. "Prioritized list of health services in the Islamic Republic of Iran." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 6, no. 2-3 (June 15, 2000): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2000.6.2-3.367.

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We aimed to provide a prioritized list of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and their appropriate classification based on a cost-benefit analysis. Functional benchmarking was used to select a rationing model. Teams of qualified specialists working in community hospitals scored procedures from CPTTM according to their cost and benefit elements. The prioritized list of services model of Oregon, United States of America was selected as the functional benchmark. In contrast to its benchmark, our country’s prioritized list of services is primarily designed to help the government in policy-making with the rationing of health care resources, especially for hospitals
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Pollitz, Karen, Donna Imhoff, Charles Scott, and Sara Rosenbaum. "New Directions in Health Insurance Design: Implications for Public Policy and Practice." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 31, S4 (2003): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2003.tb00754.x.

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This is a volatile time for health insurance policy. Medicare and Medicaid are in turmoil, as is the private health insurance market. Public and private health insurance costs constitute eighty percent of healthcare spending in the United States. Public health professionals depend on the insurance system to behave in ways that are responsive to public health in prevention and crisis management.Seventy-five percent of the American population, excluding the elderly, has coverage through the private health insurance system. Ninety percent of this group receives their insurance through employer-sponsored programs, and the remaining ten percent buy their own coverage. Approximately ten percent of the non-elderly population has insurance through a government program, and fifteen percent of the non-elderly population, almost forty-one million Americans, is uninsured.
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Perdue, Wendy Collins, Alice Ammerman, and Sheila Fleischhacker. "Assessing Competencies for Obesity Prevention and Control." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, S1 (2009): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00390.x.

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Obesity is the result of people consistently consuming more calories than they expend. A complex interaction of social and environmental conditions affects both energy consumption and physical activity levels. These conditions include, but are not limited to the following factors: the availability of affordable and healthy food; price disparities between healthy and less healthy foods; access to or perceived safety of recreation facilities; and the conduciveness of the physical environment to active modes of transportation, such as walking and biking. As outlined in the “Assessing Laws and Legal Authorities for Obesity Prevention and Control” paper in this supplement issue, laws and government policies in the United States influence nearly all of these social and environmental factors.
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Ullian, David M. "“Well Beyond” Permissible: How Severing the Leadership Act's Policy Requirement Affirms Our Commitment to First Amendment Values." American Journal of Law & Medicine 38, no. 4 (December 2012): 713–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881203800405.

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Imagine an American physician working with Pathfinder International's Mukta Project to combat the prevalence and spread of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV in Maharashtra, India. The physician provides HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment services at a health clinic as well as coordinates educational programs about STIs for local residents. A young woman approaches the physician's clinic. The woman tentatively informs the physician that she has recently entered the local sex trade and may have contracted HIV. The physician wishes she could speak freely about the realities of prostitution in India. The physician wishes she could empower her new patient to adopt behaviors that would reduce her vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. In spite of any professional or personal opinions the physician might hold on the subject of prostitution, however, she must choose her words carefully. In order to receive program funding from the United States government, Pathfinder International has reluctantly endorsed a strict anti-prostitution policy, and the physician is prohibited from engaging in any activities that are inconsistent with that policy.
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Parmet, Wendy E. "After September 11: Rethinking Public Health Federalism." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 2 (2002): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00387.x.

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In the fall of 2001, the need for a vigorous and effective public health system became more apparent than it had been for many decades. With the advent of the first widescale bioterrorist attack on the United States, the government's obligation to respond and take steps to protect the public health became self-evident.Also obvious was the need for of an effective partnership between federal, state, and local officials. Local officials are almost always on the front lines of the struggle against bioterrorism. They are the first to recognize a suspicious case and to provide testing and treatment for the affected population. At the same time, state officials are needed to support and coordinate local efforts, providing an expertise that may be lacking in many communities, especially smaller ones.But few would doubt that the federal government has a key role to play. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is expected to lead the epidemiological investigation and provide expertise on how to cope with diseases that remain unfamiliar to most physicians.
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Sukhanov, I. A. "The impact of COVID-19 on the economy and international economic relations of the Republic of Korea." POWER AND ADMINISTRATION IN THE EAST OF RUSSIA 97, no. 4 (2021): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1818-4049-2021-97-4-173-179.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted global trade in goods and services and has exposed weaknesses in the existing structures for international interaction within the global value chains in the Asia-Pacific region, including the United States of America, Japan and the Republic of Korea. The dependence of these economies on the People's Republic of China negatively affected the production processes of the largest industrial companies. To minimize the existing risks, countries are actively participating in and developing free trade agreements, which helps to diversify the geography of participants in global value chains and sales markets. The Government of the Republic of Korea has demonstrated its ability to effectively combat the COVID-19 pandemic by implementing its own strategy of preventive measures and economic stimulus measures. In addition, two new foreign economic initiatives were launched: the New Southern Policy and the New Northern Policy, which could be based on existing and new free trade agreements. Active involvement in global value chains and participation in free trade agreements allowed the Republic of Korea to increase its competitive advantages in the world market and develop its economic potential. The diversification of trading partners under free trade agreements had a positive impact on the country's economic performance during the pandemic and helped to minimize the negative impact of disruptions in foreign trade. The Russian Federation has the opportunity to integrate into new foreign economic trends in South Korea, and there are opportunities to increase the volume of mutual trade between the countries. One of the ways to achieve this goal may be the signing of a bilateral agreement of a free trade zone between the Republic of Korea and the Eurasian Economic Union.
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Cannon, Geoffrey. "Why the Bush administration and the global sugar industry are determined to demolish the 2004 WHO global strategy on diet, physical activity and health." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 3 (May 2004): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004625.

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AbstractObjective:To indicate why the world's most powerful nation state and one powerful sector of the food and drink production and manufacturing industry are determined to demolish the 2004 WHO (World Health Organization) global strategy on diet, physical activity and health, and to disassociate it from the 2003 WHO/FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) expert report on diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases, which with its background papers is the immediate scientific basis for the strategy. To encourage representatives of nation states at the 2004 WHO World Health Assembly to support the strategy together with the report, so that the strategy is explicit and quantified, and responds to the need expressed by member states at the 2002 World Health Assembly. This is for an effective global strategy to prevent and control chronic diseases whose prevalence is increased by nutrient-poor food low in vegetables and fruits and high in energy-dense fatty, sugary and/or salty foods and drinks and also by physical inactivity. Of these diseases, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancers of several sites are now the chief causes of morbidity and mortality in most countries in the world.Method:A summary of the global strategy and its roots in scientific knowledge accumulated over the last half-century. Reasons why the global strategy and the expert report are opposed by the current US government and the world sugar industry, with some reference to modern historical context. A summary of the trajectory of the global strategy since its first draft made in early 2003, and a further summary of its weaknesses, strengths and potential.Conclusion:The 2004 WHO global strategy and the 2003 WHO/FAO expert report are perceived by the current US administration as an impediment to US trade and international policy, within a general context of current US government hostility to the UN (United Nations) system as a brake on the exercise of its power as the world's dominant nation. Policy-makers throughout the world should be aware of the contexts of current pressures put on them by powerful nation states and sectors of industry whose ideologies and commercial interests are challenged by international initiatives designed to improve public health and to leave a better legacy for future generations.
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Rollins, Adam M., Monique Wheeler, MS, and Tim Frazier, PhD. "A Marshall Plan for the 21st century: Addressing climate change in the Asia-Pacific through diplomacy, development, and defense." Journal of Emergency Management 20, no. 8 (July 25, 2022): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.0684.

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The inevitable climate challenges facing the Asia-Pacific territory require a massive whole-of-government approach comparable to the Marshall Plan of 1948. While many political leaders have called for such a plan, no policy currently exists for this region or purpose. With nearly eight trillion dollars in trade revenue passing through crucially strategic straits daily, seven of the 10 largest militaries in the world (five of which are nuclear capable) operating throughout this territory, and a forecast for nearly exponential population growth, the geopolitical provenance of the United States (US), ties inextricably to this portion of the globe. A document analysis assessing existing diplomatic, developmental, and defensive policies concludes that a modern-day Marshall Plan for the 21st century Asia-Pacific is achievable by realigning lines of effort within current frameworks. As long as the US continues to deny climate change, other nation-state actors within the area will rise to fill the void. The US must commit to the funding, development, and proliferation of clean and sustainable energy solutions, which evolve past current fossil-fuel reliant technologies and, most importantly, be opensource in description and shared with other large polluters throughout the world. Finally, the nations of the Asian-Pacific realm should contemplate a theater-specific treaty organization. As climate change threatens to destabilize the region, a unified force intent on providing stabilization efforts, preventing internal conflict and escalation, and enforcing international law deserves consideration and deliberation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medicine, Preventive – Government policy – United States"

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Seed, Barbara. "Food security in Public Health and other government programs in British Columbia, Canada : a policy analysis." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/1173/.

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Public Health has re-emerged as a driver of food security in British Columbia. Food security policy, programs and infrastructure have been integrated into the Public Health sector and other areas of government, including the adoption of food security as a Core Public Health program. This policy analysis of the integration merges findings from forty-eight key informant interviews conducted with government, Civil Society, and food supply representatives involved in the initiatives, along with relevant documents and participant/direct observations. Findings were analyzed according to “contextual”, “diagnostic”, “evaluative” and “strategic” categories from the Ritchie and Spencer framework for Applied Policy Research. While Civil Society was the driver for food security in British Columbia, Public Health was the driver for the integration of food security into the government. Public Health held most of the power, and often determined the agenda and the players involved. While many interviewees heralded the accomplishments of the incorporation of food security into Public Health, stakeholders also acknowledged the relative insignificance of the food security agenda in relation to other “weightier”, competing agendas. Conflict between stakeholders over approaches to food insecurity/hunger existed, and it was only weakly included in the agenda. Looking to consequences of the integration, food security increased in legitimacy within the Public Health sector over the research period. Interviewees described a clash of cultures between Public Health and Civil Society occurring partly as a result of Public Health’s limited food security mandate and inherent top down approach. Marginalization of the Civil Society voice at the provincial level was one of the negative consequences resulting from this integration. A social policy movement toward a new political paradigm - “regulatory pluralism” - calls for greater engagement of Civil Society, and for all sectors to work together toward common goals. This integration of food security into the government exemplifies an undertaking on the cutting edge in progress toward this shift. Recommendations for stakeholders in furthering food security within the government were identified. These include the development of food security policy alternatives for current government agendas in British Columbia, with a focus on health care funding, Aboriginal health and climate change.
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Maxey, Hannah L. "Understanding the Influence of State Policy Environment on Dental Service Availability, Access, and Oral Health in America's Underserved Communities." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5993.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Oral health is crucial to overall health and a focus of the U.S. Health Center program, which provides preventive dental services in medically underserved communities. Dental hygiene is an oral health profession whose practice is focused on dental disease prevention and oral health promotion. Variations in the practice and regulation of dental hygiene has been demonstrated to influence access to dental care at a state level; restrictive policies are associated lower rates of access to care. Understanding whether and to what extent policy variations affect availability and access to dental care and the oral health of medically underserved communities served by grantees of the U.S. Health Center program is the focus of this study. This longitudinal study examines dental service utilization at 1,135 health center grantees that received community health center funding from 2004 to 2011. The Dental Hygiene Professional Practice Index (DHPPI) was used as an indicator of the state policy environment. The influence of grantee and state level characteristics are also considered. Mixed effects models were used to account for correlations introduced by the multiple hierarchical structure of the data. Key findings of this study demonstrate that state policy environment is a predictor of the availability and access to dental care and the oral health status of medically underserved communities that received care at a grantee of the U.S. Health Center program. Grantees located in states with highly restrictive policy environments were 73% less likely to deliver dental services and, those that do, provided care to 7% fewer patients than those grantees located in states with the most supportive policy environments. Population’s served by grantees from the most restrictive states received less preventive care and had greater restorative and emergency dental care needs. State policy environment is a predictor of availability and access to dental care and the oral health status of medically underserved communities. This study has important implications for policy at the federal, state, and local levels. Findings demonstrate the need for policy and advocacy efforts at all levels, especially within states with restrictive policy environments.
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Books on the topic "Medicine, Preventive – Government policy – United States"

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Government Information and Regulation. Quality of U.S. health statistics and to review year 2000 objectives: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Government Information and Regulation of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session, March 20 and April 6, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Government Information and Regulation. Quality of U.S. health statistics and to review year 2000 objectives: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Government Information and Regulation of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session, March 20 and April 6, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Government Information and Regulation. Quality of U.S. health statistics and to review year 2000 objectives: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Government Information and Regulation of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session, March 20 and April 6, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Government Information and Regulation. Quality of U.S. health statistics and to review year 2000 objectives: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Government Information and Regulation of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, second session, March 20 and April 6, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Healthy people 2000: Midcourse review and 1995 revisions. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1996.

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Services, U. S. Department of Health and Human. National health security strategy of the United States of America. Washington, D.C: Dept. of Health and Human Services, 2009.

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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Interim implementation guide for the National Health Security Strategy of the United States of America. Washington, D.C: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2009.

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Feldberg, Georgina D. Disease and class: Tuberculosis and the shaping of modern North American society. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1995.

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Disease and class: Tuberculosis and the shaping of modern North American society. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1995.

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Dowbiggin, Ian Robert. Keeping America sane: Psychiatry and eugenics in the United States and Canada, 1880-1940. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Medicine, Preventive – Government policy – United States"

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Litchy, William J., Mark A. Matthias, Kurtis M. Hoppe, and Kyle J. Kircher. "Health Care Management and Financing." In Mayo Clinic Preventive Medicine and Public Health Board Review, 269–86. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199743018.003.0017.

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Health care financing and health care management in the United States have been intricately intertwined in their evolution and have been dependent on technology, on public and private policy and funding, and the needs of employers and employees. Virtually all major changes in health care management in the United States have occurred in the last century. Little has changed over the decades; the cost of health care today is still only one-third the estimated cost of absenteeism and presenteeism in the workplace. The difference is that the individual's burden in many cases is now carried by employers and by state and federal governments. Movement toward other reimbursement mechanisms for health care was advanced as medical technology improved and health care costs increased.
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Klitzman, Robert L. "Choosing Policies." In Designing Babies, edited by Robert L. Klitzman, 252–71. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190054472.003.0018.

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The United States regulates assisted reproductive technologies far less than do other Western countries, most of which have more nationalized health insurance. US states vary widely in whether they have any laws and, if so, what. Governmental agencies (e.g., Food and Drug Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and professional organizations (e.g., American Medical Association, American Society of Reproductive Medicine) have begun addressing several areas but could potentially do more. Improved national and professional policies are needed regarding several areas, including egg and sperm donation, egg donor agencies, numbers of embryos transferred into wombs, gestational surrogacy, oversight of providers, insurance coverage, and data collection. Doctors generally perceive problems in the field but argue that industry self-regulation, rather than government policy, is adequate. Yet many providers fail to follow current guidelines and regulations. Moreover, new technologies continue to develop, including gene editing of embryos through CRISPR and mitochondrial replacement therapy (so-called three-parent babies). More data and research are crucial on current use of procedures and long-term medical and psychological follow-up of patients, egg donors, gestational surrogates, and offspring, to evaluate, for instance, the effectiveness of egg freezing and longitudinal follow-up of children born through these procedures.
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Rothstein, William G. "Medical School Research." In American Medical Schools and the Practice of Medicine. Oxford University Press, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195041866.003.0022.

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Research in medical schools developed after World War I with specific projects funded by foundations, firms, and industries. After World War II, medical schools greatly expanded their research activities with funding from the federal government. Medical school researchers became the most important performers of research funded by the National Institutes of Health, which delegated most of its responsibility for setting research policy to academic medical researchers. Both basic science and clinical research in medical schools has been directed toward an understanding of biological processes rather than the prevention and treatment of disease. Medical school research has become a specialized activity separate from other medical school activities. Research in medical schools began in earnest after 1900 with the employment of full-time faculty members. The quantity of research was limited and the quality did not meet European standards. Erwin Chargaff reminisced that when he came to the United States in 1928, “I found a scientifically underdeveloped country dominated by an unhurried, good-natured, second-rateness. European scientists who visited the country at that time were attracted by the feeling of freedom generated by the wide open spaces and even more by the then very pleasant aroma of the dollar.” Research was at first funded from medical school endowments and grants from a few major foundations, such as the Rockefeller Foundation and the Carnegie Foundation. By the mid-1930s, about 20 private foundations had a major interest in health and spent a total of about $7 million annually for medical research and medical education. About this time also, the American Foundation for Mental Hygiene, the American Cancer Society, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, and other health-related associations began to fund research related to their interests. Private firms also sponsored research with direct commercial applications. In return, they used the names of the medical schools in advertisements as providing “scientific” data to support their claims. By 1940, research had become a measurable factor in medical school budgets. In that year Deitrick and Berson found that 59 of the 77 medical schools spent $3.2 million on research: 22 public medical schools spent 8.9 percent of their combined budgets of $9.5 million on research, and 37 private medical schools spent 13.0 percent of their budgets of $17.8 million on research.
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Keohane, Georgia Levenson. "Innovative Finance in Communities Across the United States." In Capital and the Common Good. Columbia University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/columbia/9780231178020.003.0006.

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examine whether some of the place-based investment strategies, like the Community Reinvestment Act and the Low Income Housing Tax Credit—which have unlocked billions of dollars in private capital for real estate, affordable housing and enterprise development—lend themselves to more people-centric services. We look at innovations in financial inclusion and asset building, approaches intended to create wealth for the poor, often by simply connecting them to resources they are already eligible for, like the Earned Income Tax Credit. We also investigate the U.S. experience with social impact bonds (SIBs), pay-for-success contracts between local government, nonprofit service providers, and private investors whose capital underwrites preventive services. The idea is that if the interventions succeed, the investors will be repaid out of the social savings. The SIB industry is still new in the US and the track record is mixed. However, the larger lessons about good governance, evidence-based policy-making, and blended capital are relevant for innovative finance in U.S. communities for a growing set of capital investments that fuse the place and people lenses. Like development projects that link affordable housing with community health centers. In this paradigm, mobility is critical to economic opportunity, and investments in physical and social infrastructure are mutually reinforcing.
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FitzGerald, Denis J. "Civil Unrest and Rioting * *The content of this chapter exclusively reflects the view of the author and does not represent official policy of the U.S. Department of Defense or the United States Government." In Disaster Medicine, 889–92. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-03253-7.50189-8.

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