Journal articles on the topic 'Medicine, Preventive – Australia – Psychological aspects'
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1
Rosenman, Stephen, and Bryan Rodgers. "Childhood Adversity and Adult Personality." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 5 (May 2006): 482–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01826.x.
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Objectives: To explore how recalled childhood adversity affects trait measures of personality in three age cohorts of an Australian adult population and to examine the effects of particular adversities on adult personality traits. Method: A total of 7485 randomly selected subjects in the age bands of 20–24, 40–44 and 60–64 years were interviewed at the outset of a longitudinal community study of psychological health in the Canberra region of Australia. In the initial interview, subjects answered 17 questions about domestic adversity and three questions on positive aspects of upbringing to age 16 years. Personality traits were measured by Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Behavioural Activation and Inhibition Scales, Positive and Negative Affect Scales and a measure of dissocial behaviours. Results: Higher levels of childhood adversity substantially increase the risk of high neuroticism (OR = 2.6) and negative affect (OR = 2.6), less for behavioural inhibition (OR = 1.7) and for dissocial behaviour (OR = 1.7). No significant effect is seen for extraversion, psychoticism or behavioural activation. Age and gender had little effect on the pattern of risk. Maternal depression has significant and substantial independent effects on measures of neuroticism and negative affect as well as most other measures of personality. Conclusion: Childhood domestic adversity has substantial associations with clinically important aspects of personality: neuroticism and negative affect. Only small effects are seen on behavioural inhibition and dissocial behaviour, and no significant effect on extraversion and behavioural activation. These unexpected findings contradict clinical belief. Maternal psychological ill-health is pre-eminent among adversities predicting later disadvantageous traits, even for those traits that had only the slightest association with childhood adversity. Consequences of childhood adversity prevail throughout the lifespan in men and women equally. The study underlines the importance of childhood domestic adversity and especially maternal psychological ill-health as a target for preventive intervention for psychological difficulties at all ages.
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De Leo, Diego, Diego De Leo, Russell Evans, and Kerryn Neulinger. "Hanging, Firearm, and Non-Domestic Gas Suicides Among Males: A Comparative Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 2 (April 2002): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.01013.x.
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Objective: To identify characteristics that could distinguish males who completed suicide by hanging from males who completed suicide by firearms and non-domestic gas, and to suggest suicide prevention strategies targeted at hanging. Method: Using the psychological autopsy design, males who used hanging, firearms and non-domestic gas were compared on a range of variables covering social, psychological, and health related factors and aspects of the suicide incident. The sample consisted of 950 males who suicided in Queensland, Australia, between 1994 and 1996. Results: Compared with males who used firearms and non-domestic gas, males who used hanging were significantly younger, less likely to have left a suicide note, and more likely to have been diagnosed with a psychotic disorder. Compared with males who used firearms, males who used hanging were significantly more likely to have made prior suicide attempts and have had no physical illness. Compared with males who used non-domestic gas, males who used hanging were significantly more likely to have lived with others, have had prior legal trouble, and have suicided at their residence. Conclusions: The results are discussed in terms of the availability and socio-cultural acceptability of methods. The authors suggest a possible relationship between impulsive traits and method choice. This proposition requires further investigation using alternative methodologies. Some suicide prevention measures targeting hanging suicides are discussed in light of the results.
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Haleta, Yaroslav. "PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT." Academic Notes Series Pedagogical Science 1, no. 204 (June 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36550/2415-7988-2022-1-204-20-24.
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The thesis is devoted to exploration of theoretical and applied aspects of psychology and pedagogical of personnel management in organizations. The psychological and pedagogical roots of management, methodology and structure of proactive approach, psychological and pedagogical features of realization of aims and functions of proactive approach to management are analyzed and summarized. Psychological and pedagogical resources of improvement of organizations management on the basis of principles of humanistic individual approach, optimization and systems analysis are investigated. Psychological and pedagogical conditions of optimization of the main components of organizations personnel management system – selection, motivation, personnel development and monitoring are revealed. Conception of organizations personnel' professional selection based on the ground of registration of person's readiness for training and professional activity is proved. The author suggested psychological and pedagogical means of optimization of interpersonal interaction between managers and subordinates, defined psychological and pedagogical conditions of team building, leadership, preventive measures against conflicts and distresses. Several theoretical and methodological approaches for effective realization of the different elements of proactive management are established, especially while choosing the optimal complex of diagnostics instruments for defining the level of objective and subjective person's readiness for education and professional activity; determination of group roles and team formation; organizing of trainings of motivation and self development, preventive psychological procedures; establishing of training and retraining system for police managers. Psychological and pedagogical basis of managers' training for proactive management has been developed. A conceptual notion for defining of proactive management processes has been systematized; the key terms of pedagogical psychology and psychology of management have been defined more exactly.
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Kostenko, Yevhen Ya, Volodymyr S. Melnyk, and Liudmyla F. Horzov. "SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS IN THE PREVENTION OF DENTAL DISEASES." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 5 (2019): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201905109.
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Introduction: Measures to prevent dental diseases are included in the list of medical care provided by dentists. Modern socio-economic transformations, including in health care, have contributed to the gradual evolution of the patient from the recipient of medical care to the consumer of services. The aim: To study the position of patients regarding the need and effectiveness of preventive dental care. Materials and methods: Study was conducted among 310 patients who were admitted in various municipal and state medical institutions, dental clinics and private dental offices in Uzhhorod. The average age of respondents is 26 years. The survey was conducted using questionnaires. Results: 90% of respondents are willing to pay for dental treatment based on the use of innovative technologies; 64% of people refer to paid services aesthetic therapeutic treatment; 87% of patients agree to pay for orthopedic treatment and 48% - for surgical intervention. Only 16% of respondents consider additional professional hygiene services and ready to pay for it themselves. Survey data show that 43.2% of patients give a doctor the main role in the treatment process. 42.8% of respondents need medical help in the form of advice or counseling for a decision on treatment. 14% of patients prefer to choose their own medical care and control the treatment. Conclusions: Dental prophylactic measures that are implemented in the practice of regulating social and labor relations, the presence of relationships between the physician and the patient develop by socio-psychological laws.
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Figueiredo, Letícia Marlene dos Santos, Jessica Macedo Carneiro, Regiane Cristina Silva Rego, Ana Carolina Araújo de Almeida Lins, and Crissia Roberta Pontes Cruz. "PRÉ-NATAL PSICOLÓGICO COMO UMA POSSIBILIDADE DE CUIDADO INTEGRAL À SAÚDE MATERNA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA." Psicologia e Saúde em Debate 8, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22289/2446-922x.v8n1a1.
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Pregnancy is a period of great transformations, with changes not only in the woman's body, but also changes in the psychological, family, and social aspects, with the possibility of developing disorders. Concerning psychic aspects, over time a little or no importance was given, considering the current biomedical model. In view of this scenario, the psychological prenatal care appears to complement the traditional prenatal care, turning even more to humanization during the process of pregnancy, childbirth and parenthood. In this sense, this study aims to analyze how psychological prenatal care can be an integral care strategy for maternal health. The methodology of this research consists of an Integrative Literature Review. The databases used were Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and Electronic Psychology Journals (PePSIC). The following descriptors were used: “psychological prenatal care”, “psychology and pregnancy” and “psychological disorders in pregnancy”. The results show the PNP (Psychological Prenatal Care) a possibility of integral care to the maternal health, as it is established as a preventive program in relation to psychological disorders resulting from the pregnancy-puerperium cycle, especially in regard to postpartum Depression, and complementary to the traditional prenatal care.
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Podolian, V. M. "Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine: medical, social and psychological aspects." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 55, no. 2 (October 20, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2021-55-2-7-16.
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The urgency of the problem is determined by the danger of drug addiction among Ukrainian adolescents, the lack of attention paid by parents to the study of this problem, and the lack of proper attention to this issue in most Ukrainian schools. Research in this area is driven by the need to identify the main social and psychological aspects that motivate adolescents to use drugs, in order to create conditions in society that prevent the spread of drugs among the youngest populations. Aim of the work is to determine the dominant psychological and social factors that motivate adolescents to start using drugs. Material and Methods. Analytical and logical research methods, systematic and comparative analysis were used to comprehensively consider and describe the factors that motivate adolescents to use drugs, despite the danger to their health and life. Results and Discussions. A high degree of risk of adolescent drug addiction has been established, which is accompanied by a significant decrease in the average age of adolescents taking drugs for the first time. The issues of social and psychological aspects of adolescent drug addiction, problems of relations in society and families, where adolescents start using drugs are considered. The types of family relations and the nature of intra-family relations, in which adolescent drug use begins, were studied. The main social and psychological factors that push modern youth to take drugs have been identified. Conclusions. Adolescent drug addiction in Ukraine remains a serious problem that requires proper attention and assessment by modern society. Effective measures to combat the dangerous phenomenon are: introduction of a system of preventive talks to explain the nature of drug addiction and the dangerous consequences of drug use for life and health; joining student youth to sports and a healthy lifestyle by reviving the system of intra-school, district, regional competitions in various sports; transformation of adolescents' consciousness towards their own development as opposed to the prospect of their drug degradation. Key Words: family relations, teenager, social environment, drugs, psychology of relations, family.
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Korsun, Ksenia Ivanovna, and Mariia Andreevna Zadorina. "Prevention of Professional Deformation of Employees of Internal Affairs Bodies: Psychological, Pedagogical, Organizational and Legal Aspects." Полицейская деятельность, no. 6 (June 2022): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0692.2022.6.39456.
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The article is devoted to the issue of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies and prevention of its occurrence and development. The subject of the study are regulations, scientific publications and conditions for the organization of work on the prevention of professional deformation of employees in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the research is an interdisciplinary approach that allows accumulating the achievements of scientists from different fields – pedagogy, psychology, management and law. During the research, analysis, synthesis, comparison, observation, study of experience, special legal methods of cognition were used. The reasons for the appearance of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies are considered. Special attention is paid to the stages of formation of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies. In order to reduce the risk of exposure to the development of occupational deformation, the authors state the need for timely prevention of occupational deformation and offer its possible options. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the complex of preventive measures proposed by the authors that contribute to the prevention of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies. The authors come to the conclusion that for the successful implementation of preventive measures to prevent the development of professional deformation, it is necessary to expand the staff of the psychological service, develop the institute of mentoring, develop and adopt programs for the prevention of professional deformation of employees in specific departments of internal affairs bodies, taking into account the specifics of their activities, improve pedagogical and other conditions for the prevention of professional deformation of employees of internal affairs bodies. The results of the study will be useful to specialists of personnel and psychological services, the management staff of the internal affairs bodies, as well as specialists in educational work of higher educational institutions that train future employees of the internal affairs bodies of Russia.
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Tang, Melody. "Contributions of Capitals to Chinese International Graduates’ Employability in Australia." Journal of Comparative & International Higher Education 14, no. 5A (January 14, 2023): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jcihe.v14i5a.5066.
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This research explores the employability of Chinese international graduates in the Australian labor market. It captures the significance of six forms of capital (i.e., human, social, cultural, psychological, identity, and agentic) to Chinese international graduates when they develop their careers in Australia. The research employed Bourdieu’s theory of practice and a capitals-based approach as the theoretical framework. Data were collected via an online survey (N=203) and in-depth interviews (N=14). The findings reveal that in addition to getting employments in Australia, the graduates also benefited from developing and utilizing these six capitals in terms of sustainable employments, professional growth, and well-being. As such, this research argued for a broad definition of employability which include different capitals as the inputs and different aspects of employability outcomes as the outputs, namely, employment outcomes, sustainable employments, professional growth, and well-being. The findings also implied that various stakeholders should share responsibilities to support international students in building multiple capitals.
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Afanasiev, D. E., O. V. Kaminskyi, T. K. Loganovska, O. V. Kopylova, I. G. Chikalova, I. M. Muraviova, and N. S. Dombrovska. "PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS, COMPLICATIONS, MISCONCEPTIONS AND DEBATABLE ISSUES OF IODINE PROPHYLAXIS IN RADIATION EVENTS (REVIEW)." Проблеми радіаційної медицини та радіобіології = Problems of Radiation Medicine and Radiobiology 27 (2022): 25–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33145/2304-8336-2022-27-25-59.
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Prerequisite. Since the advent of nuclear energy, industry and weapons, a possibility of radiation events i.e. incidents and accidents had emerged. Given the presence of radioactive iodine as part of environmental contamination, the response of authorities and medical services consists, in particular, in carrying out the emergency iodine prophylaxis among specialists and general population. And along with the fact that emergency iodine prophylaxis is a generally accepted measure in radiation events accompanied by the release of radioactive iodine, some methods of its implementation were and remain in certain sources and instructions/recommendations contradictory and even false. Such inconsistency increases the potential risks of health effects of radioactive iodine and exacerbates the sense of fear and uncertainty among the population involved in the incident. Objective: to consider and review the essence of emergency iodine prophylaxis during radiation events, physiological aspects of iodine metabolism in the body, properties of individual iodine prophylaxis agents that are recommended, and to justify the rationality of using some of them along with absurdity/inadmissibility of others; substantiate the creation of a unified preventive information strategy regarding the event in order to reduce anxiety and other negative psychological consequences among the affected population. Materials and methods. The review was performed by searching the abstract and scientometric databases and printed publications. Results. In the event of serious radiation events at nuclear power plants and industry facilities, radioactive iodine is highly likely to enter the environment. With the threat of radioactive iodine incorporation or with its incorporation that has already begun, it is absolutely necessary to carry out the emergency iodine prophylaxis. Such prevention should be carried out with stable iodine preparations such as potassium iodide or potassium iodate in special pharmaceutical formulas. Dosing of drugs in age and population groups should be carried out by specialists in radiation medicine and radiation safety in accordance with internationally recognized guidelines. The use of iodinecontaining food additives, iodine solution for external use and Lugol’s solution is categorically unacceptable due to complete ineffectiveness, impracticality of implementation, and sometimes due to the threat of serious harm to health. Conclusions. Clear preparedness plans for possible radiation accidents and incidents, as well as successfully implemented appropriate preventive measures, including emergency iodine prophylaxis, are crucial for the effective and successful response to such events. Emergency iodine prophylaxis during radiation events should be carried out exclusively under the guidance of specialists in radiation medicine and radiation safety using special pharmaceutical formulas of potassium iodide or potassium iodate in doses recognized by the international scientific community. Other means of emergency iodine prophylaxis, including «handicraft»/home preparations, are absolutely unacceptable. Implementation of this protective measure should be accompanied by a coordinated information campaign in order to minimize purely radiation risks and to preserve the psychological well-being of the population. Key words: radiation events, radiation accident, radiation incident, nuclear industry, nuclear power, radioactive iodine, exposure, emergency iodine prophylaxis, stable iodine, potassium iodide, potassium iodate, psychological well-being of population.
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Sousa, Armando David, Cristina Lavareda Baixinho, Maria Helena Presado, and Maria Adriana Henriques. "The Effect of Interventions on Preventing Musculoskeletal Injuries Related to Nurses Work: Systematic Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020185.
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Background: The 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders related to work (MDRW) in nurses rests between 71.8% to 84%, so it is urgent to develop preventive intervention programs with the purpose of avoiding negative physical, psychological, socioeconomic, and working aspects. There are several intervention programs aimed at preventing musculoskeletal disorders related to work for nurses, but few have successfully proven results. Despite the evidence pointing to the benefits of multidimensional intervention programs, it is essential to determine which interventions have positive effects on the prevention of this kind of disorder to create an effective intervention plan. Aim: This review intends to identify the different interventions adopted in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders related to work in nurses and to compare the effectiveness of these interventions, providing the appropriate and scientific basis for building an intervention to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in nurses. Method: This Systematic Review was guided by the research question, “What are the effects of musculoskeletal disorders preventive interventions on nursing practice?” and carried out in different databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, and Science Direct). Later, the results were submitted to the eligibility criteria, the appraisal quality of the papers, and the data synthesis was performed. Results: 13 articles were identified for analysis. The interventions implemented to control the risk were: training patient-handling devices; ergonomics education; involving the management chain; handling protocol/algorithms; acquiring ergonomics equipment; and no-manual lifting. Conclusions: The studies associated two or more interventions, the majority of which (11 studies) were training-handling devices and ergonomics education, therefore emerging as the most effective instruments in the prevention of MDRW. The studies did not associate interventions that cover all risk factors (individual, associated with the nature of the work, organizational, and psychological aspects). This systematic review can help with making recommendations for other studies that should associate organizational measures and prevention policies with physical exercise and other measures aimed at individual and psychosocial risk factors.
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Phillips, Lisa J., Alison R. Yung, and Patrick D. McGorry. "Identification of Young People at Risk of Psychosis: Validation of Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation Clinic Intake Criteria." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 1_suppl (February 2000): A164—A169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486740003401s25.
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Objective To describe the development and validation of the criteria used at the Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) Clinic to identify young people at ‘ultra-high’ risk of developing a psychotic disorder within a short follow-up period. Method The PACE Clinic criteria initially grew out of clinical observations and retrospective research describing the prodromal phase of first-episode psychosis. Early prospective research refined the criteria into the three intake groups for the Clinic. These criteria combine putative state and trait risk factors for psychosis. Whether or not a person meets criteria for one or more of these groups can usually be determined by a thorough psychological assessment interview. Two early studies are described that assess the validity of this screening protocol. Results The transition rate to acute psychosis of the ‘ultra-high’ risk group identified in the second study was 41%. Conclusions These results suggest that it is possible to accurately identify young people at imminent risk of psychosis. The PACE criteria have now been adopted (or adapted) by a number of other clinical research programs both in Australia (i.e. Psychological Assistance Service in Newcastle) and other programs in the United States and elsewhere. This research may lead the way to the development of preventive interventions for the ultra-high risk group.
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De Martinis, Massimo, Maria Maddalena Sirufo, Mariano Suppa, Daniela Di Silvestre, and Lia Ginaldi. "Sex and Gender Aspects for Patient Stratification in Allergy Prevention and Treatment." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041535.
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Allergies are rapidly worsening in recent decades, representing the most common immunological diseases. The mechanism of disorders such as asthma, rhinocongiuntivitis, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, food and drug allergies, and anaphylaxis still remain unclear and consequently treatments is mostly still symptomatic and aspecific while developments of new therapies are limited. A growing amount of data in the literature shows us how the prevalence of allergic diseases is different in both sexes and its changes over the course of life. Genes, hormones, environmental and immunological factors affect sex disparities associated with the development and control of allergic diseases, while they more rarely are considered and reported regarding their differences related to social, psychological, cultural, economic, and employment aspects. This review describes the available knowledge on the role of sex and gender in allergies in an attempt to improve the indispensable gender perspective whose potential is still underestimated while it represents a significant turning point in research and the clinic. It will offer insights to stimulate exploration of the many aspects still unknown in this relationship that could ameliorate the preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies in allergic diseases.
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Druzhilov, S. A. "Issues of non-standard employment: social and hygienic aspects." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 6 (July 10, 2020): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-6-392-398.
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Drastic transformations of the social and labor sphere have led to the emergence of new health risks and sanitary and hygienic problems associated with unreliability of employment. A new socio-economic and psychological phenomenon “precarity” has emerged, which has aff ected the employment conditions of employees, so the description of the phenomenon “precarity” needs to be clarifi ed.The forms of labor employment that diff er from the typical model and worsen the employee’s situation are considered. The criteria based on which non-standard employment is considered unstable are given.Generalized types of unstable employment are identifi ed, the specifi city of which is determined by a combination of two factors: working time and the term of the contract. Unstable working conditions are possible not only in informal employment, but also in legal labor relations. Unreliability and instability of labor has an objective character and is a natural manifestation of the emerging economic and social order. The phenomenon of “precarity of employment” appears as a new determinant of the health of employees. The main feature when referring employment and labor relations to the phenomenon of “precarity” is their unreliability.Specifies the terms used: “precariat”; “precarious work”; precompact; the precariat. An essential characteristic of precarious employment is the violation of social and labor rights and lack of job security. A significant indicator of precarity is underemployment. Precarity induces the potential danger of dismissal of the employee and the resulting stress, psychosomatic disorders and pathological processes in the psyche.Precarious employment and related labor relations have become widespread. Many employees are deprived of social guarantees, including those related to labor safety, payment for holidays and temporary disability, and provision of preventive measures. Th is leads to a violation of the state of well-being, as well as the deterioration of individual and public health.
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Alrushud, Asma, Dalyah Alamam, Muneera Almurdi, Ghaliah A. Dablan, Alanoud A. Alghamdi, Fatimah K. Almazyad, Malak A. Alhamdani, Khlood A. Alqarni, and Hosam Alzahrani. "Perspectives of the Saudi medical students toward the impact of lockdowns on their physical activity level and lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic." PeerJ 11 (January 20, 2023): e14725. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14725.
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Background Physical activity (PA) level is affected by various factors in university students. Due to the pandemic of COVID-19, the Saudi Ministry of Education announced the closure of schools and universities as a preventive measure. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on PA levels and other lifestyle aspects among the Saudi medical students and to explore their perspectives toward it. Methods Three hundred ninety-six medical students have completed the survey, which consisted of three sections: (1) participant’s demographic data; (2) five statements about the PA and the lockdown; and (3) the International PA Questionnaire—Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Results About 63.9% of the participants were female, and 60.4% were of normal weight. Approximately 80% of participants were classified as inactive. Regarding the perspective of the students, 52.8% reported that they were not exercising regularly in the gym before the lockdown, and 46.9% reported that the lockdown and transition to online learning affected their compliance with exercise. During the lockdown and shift to online learning, the majority of participants experienced decreased PA levels, 42.4% experienced weight gain, and 53.6% reported a negative impact on their psychological status. Conclusion Generally, the results of this study showed that the COVID-19 had a negative influence on the PA level, as well as other lifestyle aspects (e.g., gaining weight) and psychological status of medical students. This study highlights aspects where universities and institutions delivering medical education can use resources to improve students’ well-being during pandemics.
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Sturrock, Andrew, Philip M. Preshaw, Catherine Hayes, and Scott Wilkes. "Perceptions and attitudes of patients towards medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ): a qualitative study in England." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e024376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024376.
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ObjectiveTo explore the impact of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) on quality of life and to explore the attitudes and perceptions of patients towards the multidisciplinary approach to the prevention of the condition.DesignInterpretivist methodology using qualitative semistructured interviews.SettingPrimary care general medical practices and secondary care dental services in England.Participants23 patients; 6 with MRONJ, 13 prescribed bisphosphonates, 4 with osteoporosis not currently prescribed any medication.ResultsPatients felt that MRONJ had a significant negative impact on their quality of life and had poor knowledge of the preventive strategies recommended in the literature. Patients demonstrated positive attitudes towards a multidisciplinary approach to care; however, they perceived prescribers as having the key role in articulating risk. Four salient and inter-related themes emerged from the interviews: (1) perception of knowledge, indicating limited awareness of the condition, risk factors and preventive strategies; (2) quality of life, indicating the lived experiences of patients and the physical, psychological and social impacts of MRONJ; (3) interprofessional management, indicating a perceived organisational hierarchy, professional roles and responsibilities, prioritising aspects of care, articulation of risk and communication and (4) wider context, indicating demands on National Health Service resources and barriers to dental care.ConclusionsMRONJ has a significant detrimental impact on quality of life, yet appropriate preventative education is not apparent. Effective interprofessional patient education and prevention to mitigate against the risk of developing MRONJ is required.
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Coimbra, Carlos E. A., and Mohammad R. Torabi. "Sexual Behavior and AIDS in Sociocultural Perspective." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 7, no. 3 (October 1986): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4y6t-t3yh-h8jv-e3ea.
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AIDS, its cause, effect, and possible cure, has become a complex sociopsychological issue with ramifications extending far beyond the purely medical sphere. Spreading rapidly, with a higher incidence rate recorded among young people, the disease transcended the biomedical sphere, presenting sociocultural and psychological ramifications that go beyond its physical impact. With a higher incidence rate among male homosexuals, the epidemic raises morally sensitive questions which further confuse an already clouded picture. Current knowledge on the sexual transmission of AIDS and the role of male homosexuality demonstrates the need for more serious research into the various social and cultural aspects of homosexuality itself. To this end, medical anthropology may provide important information to those dealing with educational and preventive programs for the general population, as well as those in high risk groups for acquiring the disease.
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Semenets, O. P. "TYPES OF LINGUISTIC CONFLICT TRIGGERS AND THEIR ROLE IN SPEECH AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONFLICTS." Siberian Philological Forum 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2021-15-3-82.
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Problem statement. Conflicts that arise in communication are created by the system and speech characteristics of the language means used. The study of the phenomenon of linguistic conflict trig-ger will allow us to distinguish between different types of conflicts, as well as to describe the types of language units and the features of their actualization that can provoke conflict interaction. Taking into account potentially conflict-triggering language phenomena will make it possible to implement a preventive speech strategy aimed at harmonizing communication. The purpose of this article is to identify and characterize the types of language units in speech that trigger conflicts (conflict triggers), to distinguish them from similar, but not identical units (inten-sifiers); to reveal the mechanisms of conflict interaction that arise when interpreting specific linguistic means and to identify the role of the verbal component in conflicts of different types. Methodology (materials and methods).The research material is a card catalogue of conflict in-teraction examples from literary texts and the media, jokes, Internet memes, and recordings of spoken speech. The main methods of analysis are the descriptive method, the method of semantic analysis, and the method of conceptual analysis. Research results. The analyzed examples show that only a linguistic means that has special sys-tem characteristics or contextual content that create a space of communicative tension and generates various types of conflict interaction (speech and psychological conflicts) can be classified as a linguis-tic conflict trigger. The typology of linguistic conflict triggers, based on the semantic and pragmatic aspects of the linguistic sign, includes three types: systemic, usual, and contextual conflict triggers.
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Cummins, Robert, and Paraskevi Theofilou. "Quality of life research: interview with Professor Robert Cummins." Health Psychology Research 1, no. 3 (September 23, 2013): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/hpr.2013.1555.
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Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a fundamental concept in the field of clinical medicine and has been studied during the last years by psychologists, sociologists, economists and managers. The concept of HRQOL includes those aspects of overall QOL that can be indicated to have an impact on patients’ health, either physical or psychological. Concerning the individuals, this incorporates physical and mental health cognitions, including sociodemographic factors, sexual functioning, fatigue, sleep disorders and functional status. One of the most eminent experts in the world in the field of QOL is Prof. Robert Cummins [Professor of Psychology at Deakin University in Australia (School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Victoria 3125 Melbourne, Australia. E-mail: robert.cummins@deakin.edu.au)] who kindly accepted to answer our questions in the con- text of this special edition.
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Madhavan, Jithesh. "Redefining the Scope of Ayurveda in Cardiology." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 6, no. 5 (October 18, 2018): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i5.431.
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have now become the leading cause of mortality or even morbidity in India. According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular disease causes 12 million deaths in the world each year. Even with all the advancements in medicine, the management of CVD’s are yet to be redefined. Ayurveda proposes a different understanding to etiopathogenesis of such conditions and subsequent healthcare, in the context of hrdroga. Latest researches in Ayurveda have given a new hope in CVDs, the curative as well as preventive aspects. With the emergence of increasing number of cardiac problems from the young age itself, it is the time to explore various options available in the alternative areas of medicine. Herbs and dietary supplements can have significant role in preventive cardiology as well as per published studies. Equivalent is the management of associative psychological contributors. In this article, research works of medicinal plants useful in cardiology are described with special emphasis on rasona, arjuna, guggulu, amalaki and gokshura. This work emphasises the scope of such practice so as to popularize the options available in Ayurvedic literature.
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Zhirova, M. Yu, and S. V. Kondratyuk. "Criminal-legal and criminological aspects of infanticide in the countries of the anglo-saxon system of law." Vektor nauki Tol’attinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seria Uridicheskie nauki, no. 4 (2022): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2220-7457-2022-4-18-27.
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The paper considers the criminal-legal and criminological aspects of killing by a mother of her newborn child (neonaticide crimes). The urgency of the research is caused by the application of the experience of foreign schools in the domestic legal science. The scientific thought of the Anglo-Saxon legal school has achieved considerable results in the sphere of preventing such social phenomenon as neonaticide; however, in the domestic scientific literature, these achievements did not find proper representation. The paper covers the study of neonaticide in the Anglo-Saxon scientific literature. The authors summarize the results of the studies covering the issues of classification and prevention of neonaticide in Anglo-Saxon law. Based on the provisions of Anglo-Saxon law, the authors review the terminology of this phenomenon. The paper analyzes the issues of state prosecution in the cases of neonaticide. The authors note the multiplicity of interpretations of the elements of this crime; identify the contradictions in American and English judicial practice. The study shows that the Anglo-Saxon legal system pays attention to the psychological state of a parturient woman and other elements of the subjective aspect of a crime. Minimizing the severity of criminal punishment for the neonaticide crimes taking into account the psychological state of a parturient woman contributes to strengthening the criminal protection of the life of newborns. The definition of the situation of the commission of a crime, the sequence of actions of a guilty person when preparing and executing the infanticide is valuable for the domestic science. In the structure of the way of committing a crime, the authors specify the actions of causing fatal injuries to a newborn, show the differences of this crime from the abandonment of a child in a helpless condition. Other actions specific to a neonaticide crime are specified. The authors conclude that for the domestic criminology, measures used in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon law system are applicable. Preventive measures include wide social assistance to women of reproductive age. To the opinion of scientists dealing with Anglo-Saxon law, compulsory education of young women on the issues of sexual health is an effective prophylaxis direction. Such prophylaxis direction is also applicable in the domestic practice.
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Ahmad, Amna, Kinza Jafar, Ayesha Saddiqa, Uzma Firdos, and Ayesha Qadeer. "Prevalence and Determinants of Smoking among School Students at Rural Community, Lahore." Saudi Journal of Nursing and Health Care 5, no. 12 (December 26, 2022): 308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjnhc.2022.v05i12.002.
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Background: Smoking is the non-communicable and chronic disease of lungs. This study determines the rate of prevalence and determinants of smoking among school students in rural community of Lahore. Significance: This study was conducted to determine the factors that effects on their health status include both physiological and psychological status and how it influences on their personality development. Methodology: Descriptive cross sectional quantitative study was conducted at Malikpur community Lahore. Researchers collected the sample by using simple random sampling technique. Total out of 90 students the 73 students voluntarily participated in this study. Result: The findings of the study showed that prevalence of smoking among school students was 30.1% in which the female students was excluded.15.1% students smoke for pleasure seeking while 5.5% smoke due to stress and 4.1% smoke because of peers pressure and 2.7% smoke due to curiosity. Conclusion: There is a need to conduct preventive programs to focus on various social and behavioral aspects to help in smoking cessation and reduce prevalence and determinants of smoking.
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Hsu, Chia-Hao, Hsuan-Ti Huang, Chung-Hwan Chen, Yin-Chih Fu, Pei-Hsi Chou, and Nin-Chieh Hsu. "Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopedics and the Implications of Telemedicine: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11112983.
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This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the orthopedics field by focusing on multiple aspects, including orthopedic training and application, performance, work loading, change of practice, research work, and other psychological factors. Published articles were searched using the PubMed database. Articles were selected in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Of 58 studies published between 1 January 2020 and 1 October 2021, 57 peer-reviewed original articles were included. Nearly 90% of students experienced an impact of the pandemic on application. The impact on training stemmed from redeployment rates of 20.9–23.1%. The rate of emergency or outpatient visits decreased from 18% to 58.6%. The rates of all surgeries or emergency surgeries decreased by 15.6–49.4%, while the rates of elective surgeries decreased by 43.5–100%. The rate of work loading ranged from 33% to 66%. Approximately 50–100% of surgeons had a change of practice. A total of 40.5% of orthopedic surgeons experienced mild psychological pressure. Approximately 64% had stopped research participant recruitment. Most of the included studies were conducted in Europe, followed by Asia and North America. It is suggested orthopedic surgeons prepare more sufficient, flexible, and reservable staffing measures, proper preventive strategies and surgical scheduling algorithms, and set up dedicated venues and equipment for routine telemedicine with staff training for virtual teaching or consultations in case of future impacts on orthopedics.
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Soh, Nerissa, Lois J. Surgenor, Stephen Touyz, and Garry Walter. "Eating Disorders Across Two Cultures: Does the Expression of Psychological Control Vary?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 4 (April 2007): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670701213278.
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Objective: Because both the expression of eating disorder (ED) symptoms and preferred psychological control styles may be affected by culture, the purpose of the present study was to examine whether the expression of psychological control in women with EDs varies across two cultures. Method: North European Australian and Chinese Singaporean women (n = 117) with anorexia nervosa (n = 36), bulimia nervosa (n = 13) and eating disorders not otherwise specified (n = 3), and without an ED (n = 65) recruited in Australia and Singapore completed a multidimensional inventory assessing sense of control, domains of control, preferred means by which to gain control, and motivation for control. Results: Although the normative control profile for each culture differed slightly, control profiles among those with an ED were very similar across both cultures. However, the directionality and extent of specific aspects of control pathology associated with the presence of an ED differed across cultures. North European Australians with an ED were much more deviant from the cultural norm than their Chinese Singaporean ED counterparts in relation to overall sense of control, methods of gaining control, and control in the domain of body. Chinese Singaporean woman with an ED were much more deviant from the cultural norm than their North European Australian ED counterparts in the domain of control over impulses. Conclusions: Having an ED powerfully distorts psychological control irrespective of culture. However the degree, directionality, and form of the displacement from normal control styles is also culture dependent. This has implications for treatments that attempt to redress or correct control issues in people with an ED in other cultures.
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Yuryeva , L. M., and A. I. Sharun. "Аdjustment disorders in students who have suffered psychoemotional stress: systematic review of diagnostics, treatment and preventive care." Medicni perspektivi 26, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2021.4.248082.
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Currently, the mental health problem of students, which often leads to the creation of unfavorable foundations for the development of non-psychotic mental disorders, is particularly relevant and socially significant. The purpose of this article was to conduct a systematic literature review of the current state of the problems of students` adjustment disorders, taking into account interventions aimed at preventing and correcting them, and analyzing the results. We searched the electronic databases Oxford, Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline and Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cyberleninka, PsycInfo on prevalence, adverse effects, and interventions in students with adjustment disorders. Of the 25 studies published over the period from 2004 to 2020, 10 (40%) data on treatment and preventive measures are reported. The search revealed that interventions aimed at correcting and preventing adjustment disorders in students may improve various aspects of well-being, including psychological, pedagogical and medical ones. However, the evidence is limited by the relative inadequacy of long-term and reliable experimental studies. In view of this, it is advisable to further implement larger projects and conduct broader and longer-term research, which will contribute to a more reliable and in-depth study of the impact and effectiveness of such interventions. Based on a scientific search, the theoretical and methodological foundations of psychocorrection of students with adjustment disorders are substantiated, taking into account the specifics of the mental functioning of this category. While there are few works devoted to the study of developmental issues, clinical and psychopathological features, dynamics of non-psychotic mental disorders, taking into account gender and organizational factors in university students in the context of higher education reform, such issues require further study applying systemic approach in order to develop and implement in practice the early diagnosis as well as corrective and preventive measures.
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Bedina, I. A., A. A. Burtsev, and T. V. Kochetova. "Main Models of Medical and Psychological Work for Prevention of Repeated Drunk Driving (International Experience)." Psychology and Law 12, no. 1 (2022): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2022120101.
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The article analyses foreign scientific data and looks into the medical and psychological aspect of modern system of prevention of recurring crimes arising from drunk driving. Eco-nomically developed countries are shown to have obligatory medical and psychological in-terventions as part of their process of re-authorization to drive, and the scale and duration of such interventions depend on the legal framework of a particular state. Generalization of the material studied by the authors of the article led to formulation of a few organizational work models for medical practitioners and psychologists to help them prevent recurring drunk driving. The first model suggests that preventive measures are only aimed to raise of-fending drivers’ awareness of alcohol and drug addiction. The second model demands that the authorities assess the mental health and psychological preparedness for safe driving in offending drivers. The compulsory therapeutic and rehabilitation measures for persons ad-dicted to psychoactive substances in these countries are not included in drunk driving pre-vention system. The third model involves extended and long-term therapeutic and rehabili-tation programs for persons who indulged in drunk driving. Such programs include reveal-ing one’s unconscious motivations along with subsequent transformation of one’s former convictions and customary behavioral patterns. The authors believe that the "extended out-come" of these programs can be seen as an advantage of this model, since overcoming one’s addiction has a positive impact on all social aspects of one’s life activity. The authors point out the social and economical effectiveness of the models under discussion and sub-stantiate their applicability in the domestic system of recurrent drunk driving prevention.
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Dron (INVITED), E. M. "United Kingdom Radon Programme: Policy and Progress." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1994): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082483.
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Abstract The United Kingdom is pursuing a substantial and evolving programme towards minimising the problem of high radon levels in homes. Work focuses on those areas of the country which early surveys have shown to have a significant proportion of affected homes, and involves cooperation between central and local Government, research institutions and private companies. Elements of the programme include: radon measurements on demand from householders in areas of potentially high radon and systematic surveys to refine knowledge of these areas; research into geological, epidemiological, psychological and financial aspects of the problem; the development and dissemination of advice on remedial and preventive measures; and a comprehensive approach to communication with all parties involved in issues of domestic exposure to radon. This paper contains a general description of the programme, setting its objectives in the context of public policy on housing and health in the UK. An account of progress is given, and future options are outlined towards fulfilling the Government's intention that substantial progress towards dealing with the impact of radon should be made by the close of the century.
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Hardiyati, Hardiyati, Hasir Hasir, and Supratti Supratti. "Efek dan Pencegahan Pernikahan Dini Pada Remaja: Studi Literatur." Jurnal Kebidanan Malakbi 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33490/b.v4i1.619.
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Marriage is a very sacred thing and maintains the integrity of the family by looking at several aspects of a person's physical, spiritual and psychological aspects that support happiness. Early marriage is marriage that has not reached the age of 18 years. This is referred to as one of the social pathologies that cause or poverty. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on education, maternal health, poverty, women's empowerment and human rights cannot be achieved if the problem of early marriage is not addressed in many low and medium prayer countries. The results of the investigation of the literature study from these 15 articles can be described that the occurrence of early marriage can be caused by several factors, namely economic problems, customs, education, decision makers are parents, living in rural areas. Some of the effects that can occur in early marriage are domestic violence, psychosocial burden and stress, reduction, illness, women's independence, health of mothers and children, and the level of school activity of children. Intervention efforts that can be made are increasing education and knowledge, media exposure, peer education methods, involving religious shops, social in educational activities for adolescents. From the results of this literature study, it can provide an understanding of the development and prevention of early marriage and seek therapeutic and comprehensive preventive measures.
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Zernetska, O., and O. Myronchuk. "Historical Memory and Practices of Monumental Commemoration of World War I in Australia (Part 2)." Problems of World History, no. 13 (March 18, 2021): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-13-10.
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The authors’ research attention is focused on the specifics of the Australian memorial practices dedicated to the World War I. The statement is substantiated that in the Australian context memorials and military monuments formed a special post-war and post-traumatic part of the visual memory of the first Australian global military conflict.
The features of the Australian memorial concept are clarified, the social function of the monuments and their important role in the psychological overcoming of the trauma and bitter losses experienced are noted. The multifaceted aspects of visualization of the monumental memory of the World War I in Australia are analyzed. Monuments and memorials are an important part of Australia’s visual heritage.
It is concluded that each Australian State has developed its own concept of memory, embodied in various types and nature of monuments. The main ones are analyzed in detail: Shrine of Remembrance in Melbourne (1928–1934); Australian War Memorial in Canberra (1941); Sydney Cenotaph (1927-1929) and Anzac Memorial in Sydney (1934); Desert Mounted Corps Memorial in Western Australia (1932); Victoria Memorials: Avenue of Honour and Victory Arch in Ballarat (1917-1919), Australian Ex-Prisoners of War Memorial (2004), Great Ocean Road – the longest nationwide memorial (1919-1932); Hobart War Memorial in the Australian State of Tasmania (1925), as well as Villers-Bretonneux Australian National Memorial in France dedicated to French-Australian cooperation during the World War I (1938).
The authors demonstrate an inseparable connection between the commemorative practices of Australia and the politics of national identity, explore the trends in the creation and development of memorial practices. It is noted that the overwhelming majority of memorial sites are based on the clearly expressed function of a place of memory, a place of mourning and commemoration. It was found that the representation of the memorial policy of the memory of Australia in the first post-war years was implemented at the beginning at the local level and was partially influenced by British memorial practices, transforming over time into a nationwide cultural resource.
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Martins, Bianca G., João Marôco, Mauro V. G. Barros, and Juliana A. D. B. Campos. "Lifestyle choices of Brazilian college students." PeerJ 8 (October 7, 2020): e9830. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9830.
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Background Lifestyle choices reflect the beliefs that individuals attribute to aspects of life. This construct can be assessed with the Individual Lifestyle Profile (PEVI) questionnaire, which measures elements of Nutrition, Physical Activity, Preventive Behaviors, Social Relationships and Stress Management. Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the psychometric properties of the PEVI applied to a sample of Brazilian university students, identifying the prevalence of each lifestyle component according to participants’ age, sex, weight status, course area/field and economic stratum and to estimate the contribution of these characteristics on physical and psychological lifestyle. Methods The PEVI data was analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, using the indexes chi-square per degrees of freedom ratio (χ2/df), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). First-order and second-order models (physical and psychological lifestyle) were tested. Prevalences of lifestyle components were calculated and compared by participants’ age, sex, weight status, course area/field and economic stratum. A hypothetical causal structural model was elaborated to investigate the impact of sample characteristics on physical and psychological lifestyles. This model was evaluated considering the global fit to the data (χ2/df, CFI, TLI and RMSEA) and the hypothetical causal trajectories (β) (α = 5%). Results A sample of 1,303 students was used. The mean age was 20.9 (standard deviation = 2.8) years, 66.8% of participants were females, 63.4% had weights in the normal range and 73.7% were students of the social and exact sciences. The PEVI data showed an adequate fit for both the first- (χ2/df = 2.03, CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.04) and second-order (χ2/df = 2.25; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.04) models. There was a higher prevalence of unfavorable physical and psychological lifestyle choices among females, among underweight and obese individuals, in older students and in those with lower economic strata. Moreover, negative behaviors in physical lifestyle were more prevalent in students from human/social/exact sciences and worse psychological lifestyle was observed among health sciences students. These results were confirmed by a structural model. Conclusion The PEVI data presented validity and reliability. Negative lifestyle choices had high prevalence among students. Moreover, individual characteristics had different impact on physical and psychological lifestyle choices.
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Nurhadi, Nurhadi. "Philosophical Values for Children's Legal Rules in the Positive Law of Islam Indonesia." Al-Ahkam Jurnal Ilmu Syari’ah dan Hukum 5, no. 1 (September 11, 2020): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/alahkam.v5i1.1775.
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Abstract The obligation to provide for a child is prioritized by a father, but if it is not capable, then the mother will take it. Ages earn a living from 0 to 21 years or get married. If a civil servant then the child salary is 1/3. The philosophy of child care obligations in Islamic UUP, if viewed from the axiological aspect of the benefit of the law, then the livelihood of children is a medium to achieve people's welfare, with the fulfillment of children's livelihood means that they have prepared quality human resources in the future, because in their livelihood three children aspects of fulfilling basic needs of children, namely primary needs, children's spiritual (psychological) needs and children's intellectual needs. From the axiological aspect of legal justice, the fulfillment of children's livelihood is full of the values of theological justice, social justice and gender justice. Whereas from the axiological aspect of legal certainty, the existence of legal sanctions on family law legislation serves as social control as a preventive measure to prevent acts of neglect of the child and repressive (forcing) parents to provide for the child by paying them later, as guarantee of child rights (child rights).
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Zaitseva, D. V., T. P. Pushkina, E. A. Dorosheva, and O. V. Magdenko. "The Research of Personality Structure of Male Prisoners Convicted for Violent Crimes." Psychology and Law 12, no. 2 (2022): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2022120205.
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The study of a criminal personality is a crucial task not only in the scope of criminal psychology of today but also for others: forensic sciences, jurisprudence, sociology, etc. Understanding the criminal personality's characteristics is important for diagnosis, designing of psycho-corrective measures, and development of preventive measures. For psychological research, it is interesting to study the deep aspects of personality, it can help to identify the main causes of what is amenable to external observation: one’s behaviour, emotional reactions. Thus, the purpose of this work is to study the personality structure of people who have committed serious crimes. The theory of G. Ammon serves as the methodological basis. The sample: 30 men convicted of violent crimes (art. 105, art. 111 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: murder and intentional infliction of grievous bodily harm, respectively) and 30 men who did not commit offences. The obtained results indicate that the perpetrators of violent crimes have both external (p=0.000) and internal (p=0.000) person-ality boundaries violated; the research revealed violations in the functioning of the Self-system (reflection of the integrity of the personality, its mental unity).
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Li, Lingru, Haiqiang Yao, Ji Wang, Yingshuai Li, and Qi Wang. "The Role of Chinese Medicine in Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention: Application of Constitution Theory." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 47, no. 03 (January 2019): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x19500253.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has guided health maintenance and disease treatment for thousands of years and has been widely used in many countries around the world. TCM regards each individual as unique so all corresponding therapeutic and preventive approaches in TCM are personalized. Personalized medicine, also referred to as precision medicine, is an emerging medical paradigm that points toward a new direction for future medical development. TCM constitution studies the holistic body condition, which is affected by both inborn and acquired factors. Body constitution lays the foundation for disease diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Different constitution types predispose individuals to different disease susceptibilities. Examining an individual’s unique body constitution can promote effective health management and benefit the application of personalized medicine significantly. This review will introduce and discuss the application of the TCM constitution for health maintenance and disease prevention. In last decade, a number of modern techniques have been employed in the constitution research to evaluate the health status of individuals. The TCM constitution reflects the current status and future trends of human health in four aspects, i.e., individual differences, life processes, psychological condition and adaptability to natural and social environments. This TCM constitution theory has already been applied in the Chinese public health management at different levels with promising outcome. The constitution theory and practice provide a new approach for health maintenance and disease prevention.
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Mihalopoulos, Cathrine, Mary Lou Chatterton, Lidia Engel, Long Khanh-Dao Le, and Yong Yi Lee. "Whither economic evaluation in the case of COVID-19: What can the field of mental health economics contribute within the Australian context?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 12 (October 2, 2020): 1157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867420963724.
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COVID-19 has resulted in broad impacts on the economy and aspects of daily life including our collective mental health and well-being. The Australian health care system already faces limitations in its ability to treat people with mental health diagnoses. Australia has responded to the COVID-19 outbreak by, among other initiatives, providing reimbursement for telehealth services. However, it is unclear if these measures will be enough to manage the psychological distress, depression, anxiety and post-traumatic distress shown to accompany infectious disease outbreaks and economic shocks. Decision making has focused on the physical health ramifications of COVID-19, the avoidance of over-burdening the health care system and saving lives. We propose an alternative framework for decision making that combines life years saved with impacts on quality of life. A framework that simultaneously includes mental health and broader economic impacts into a single decision-making process would facilitate transparent and accountable decision making that can improve the overall welfare of Australian society as we continue to address the considerable challenges that the COVID-19 pandemic is creating.
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Shatankova, E. N., and V. K. Tarykin. "CRIMINAL VIOLENCE COMMITTED BY CONVICTS IN PLACES OF DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, no. 4 (August 2, 2022): 740–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-4-740-747.
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The article reveals the specific features and variety of violent crimes committed in penitentiary institutions. Special attention is focused on criminogenic determining factors and their types. The personal traits of convicts that determine the demographic, role and moral and psychological characteristics of a violent criminal are considered, as well as the subspecies of victimization characteristic of places of isolation are highlighted. The paper substantiates the need for proper personal security of prisoners, since it is precisely because of the lack of security guarantees that convicted persons usually commit violent illegal acts, causing harm to themselves and others. Some aspects of the article are devoted to measures of general and individual prevention, taking into account the personal qualities of various categories of convicts. In order to eliminate and minimize criminogenic factors, it is proposed to pay special attention to the organization of preventive work among prisoners, taking into account their individual characteristics and propensity to violence. In turn, the staff of penitentiary institutions need to more carefully regulate and control the processes taking place in the subculture of convicts. In this connection, they should constantly improve their professional level in order to have sufficient knowledge to diagnose interpersonal and intergroup tensions among prisoners, as well as the ability to smooth out and localize conflicts arising between convicts that are fraught with the threat of criminal violence.
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Haddad, Asmaa Daoud, and Manal Fathi Anbtawi. "The Role of the Military Sciences Course in Enhancing the Contents of Security Education among Students of the University of Jordan." Dirasat: Educational Sciences 49, no. 4 (December 14, 2022): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35516/edu.v49i4.3326.
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Objectives: This study aimed to reveal the role of military science course in enhancing the contents of security education among students at the University of Jordan.
Method: The researcher chose (638) university student using the accessible sample Method during the second semester of the academic year 2019/2020. Students completed Security education scale, which consists of five dimensions: psychological security, social security, preventive security, political security, and intellectual security.
Results: The results of the study revealed the following. First, the role of the military science course in enhancing the contents of security education was high. Second, the study also indicated statistically significant difference due to gender. Third, the significant difference due to females, the study did not indicate any statistically significant difference due to major, or to interaction between gender and major.
Conclusion: The study recommended emphasizing the importance of the dimensions of security education by including them in more than one of the University's compulsory courses, as the Military Sciences course due to the large numbers of students and lack of time may not be able to cover all aspects of security education. The results of the current study showed that the role of the Military Sciences course in enhancing the contents of security education among students of the University of Jordan was high.
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Godress, Julia, Salih Ozgul, Cathy Owen, and Leanne Foley-Evans. "Grief Experiences of Parents Whose Children Suffer from Mental Illness." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01518.x.
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Objective: To examine the grief experience of parents of adult children with a mental illness and its relationship to parental health and well-being and parent child attachment and affective relationship. Methods: Participants were recruited from a variety of organizations throughout Australia that provide support services for sufferers of mental illness and/or for their families. Seventyone participants (62 mothers and nine fathers) all of whom had a child diagnosed with mental illness volunteered to take part in the study. All completed measures of grief, health status and parent-child relationship. Results: Parents reported experiencing grief in relation to their child's illness as evidenced by intrusive thoughts and feelings and avoidance of behaviour as well as difficulties adapting to and distress associated with reminders of the illness. Parental grief appears to reduce over time, but only in some aspects of grief and after an extended period. Increased parental grief was related to lowered psychological well-being and health status and associated with an anxious/ambivalent and a negative affective parent-child relationship. Conclusion: The study provides important insights into the grief experiences of parents following their child's diagnosis with mental illness. The significant relationship between parental grief and parental psychological well-being and health status as well as to parentchild relationship has important implications for health professionals. Foremost amongst these are the need to validate the distress and grief of parents and to better understand how to provide interventions that promote grief work and family bonds while reducing emotional distress and life disruption.
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Kaliuha, K. "SOME ASPECTS OF THE HISTORY OF THE APPLICATION OF THE PROFILING METHOD." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.29.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the origins of the method of profiling the identity of an unknown criminal. The development of the application of the possibilities of profiling the personality of a criminal and the practice of its application in the activities of law enforcement agencies in the investigation of crimes are investigated. Based on the concept of profiling, as from English. Profile is an integrated crime prevention technique by highlighting the characteristics of persons who committed a crime or are preparing to make it on the basis of psychological, criminological, criminalistic and sociological knowledge; a set of methods and techniques for assessing and predicting human behavior based on the analysis of the most informative signs, forensic portrait of a person, characteristics of appearance, non-verbal and verbal behavior, location, etc. We noted that there is a lot of research by foreign and Ukrainian scientists on the problems of using profiling technology, but not enough attention has been paid to the history of the practice of applying the profiling method. The main names of scientists and the features of their teachings were listed in the abstract, as the stages of development of the introduction of the profiling method in the practice of disclosing and investigating crimes by law enforcement agencies. We said that now the technology of the profiling method is not used as a mandatory measure in the investigation and disclosure of crimes. There are fundamentals of such activities, but it is too early to talk about the widespread use of profiling. At the same time, it can be noted that profiling was successfully used in the disclosure of some resonant crimes related to serial killings. We agreed with individual authors that research on forensic profiling and the behavioral aspects of crimes in Ukraine are in the early stages of development. We noted that since profiling is a young science, it is constantly evolving, and its fields of application are expanding. Today, profiling techniques are used in the field of preventive medicine to correct and prevent the emergence of diseases of psychosomatic etiology. There is also the so-called family profiling, with the help of which specialists try to help family members in solving their family problems. In addition to forensic, criminal and criminological, there is aviation, anti-terrorist, research, psychological, information security profiling, typological. Also, transport, hotel business profiling, personnel, banking and the like. We concluded that profiling technology is a universal comprehensive and modern tool that is advisable to use in law enforcement agencies in investigative, operational, personnel and administrative activities, etc. The history of its development is only gaining momentum. However, today, in law enforcement agencies, not only the profiling technique is not widely used. They do not use this term at all.
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Hollingworth, A. L. "(P1-87) Preparedness of Healthcare Facilities for an Influenza Pandemic - Protecting the Healthcare Workers." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004195.
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AimTo assess the preparedness of hospitals with respect to protecting health care workers (HCWs) during a pandemic.MethodsA self-administered questionnaire was performed between November 2009 and January 2010, and a scoring system was developed to provide a quantifiable measure of preparedness.ResultsA total of 12 hospitals in NSW, Australia, were approached – six regional hospitals (RHs) and six tertiary referral centres (TRCs). The study was extended to assess three hospitals in England, allowing a limited comparison between the hospitals in Australia that had faced the initial wave of the H1N1 (“swine flu”) pandemic and the hospitals in the UK that had more time to prepare for the outbreak. Response rates were 66% from the TRCs, 33% from the RHs, and 100% from the English hospitals. The overall preparedness scores were relatively high, with a median TOTAL score (adjusted) of 50.75 out of 70. The demographic that scored the highest Total was tertiary referral centres in Sydney. All English hospitals scored below the median. However, the range of scores across hospitals was quite narrow (45.1 – 57.1 adjusted). Scores were generally high for the areas of Preparedness, Infection control, Education and Training. Scores for Vaccination were more variable. The category that consistently demonstrated the lowest scores was that of Psychosocial Welfare and Assistance, despite this being found in previous research to be an integral part of that which HCWs have identified as important.ConclusionsGiven their integral role in pandemic response, protecting HCWs must be a priority as part of any pandemic preparedness plan. This goes beyond protection from infection, extending into aspects of physical and psychological wellbeing. Identifying these issues and addressing them is the key to maximising staff support and morale, and minimising staff absenteeism at such a crucial time.
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Alexander, Christopher, Josef Christianto, and Hana Venturini. "Penerapan Cyber Counseling dalam Menangani Depresi Remaja pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19." KHARISMATA: Jurnal Teologi Pantekosta 4, no. 2 (January 29, 2022): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47167/kharis.v4i2.124.
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The presence of the COVID-19 outbreak as a global pandemic has many negative impacts on society, one of which is the mental health of teenagers. Adolescents who are experiencing a period of growth in various aspects often experience obstacles in their growth, especially in the psychological and emotional aspects. Not even a few of them have lost their passion and hope in life due to severe depression. For this reason, the author raised the topic “Counseling Pastoral Services in Dealing with Depression among Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic”, to assist the church in finding the effective and efficient way to solve depression issues in teenagers. The research method used in this research is the library research method. The conclusion of this research is that the church needs to do a counseling pastoral service to reach out to depressed adolescents in this COVID-19 pandemic, by educating through social media as a preventive method, and by using cyber counseling methods in groups as a healing method. AbstrakKehadiran wabah COVID-19 sebagai pandemi global banyak menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi masyarakat, salah satunya bagi kesehatan mental kaum remaja. Remaja yang sedang mengalami masa pertumbuhan dalam berbagai aspek kerap mengalami hambatan dalam pertumbuhannya, khususnya dalam aspek psikologis dan emosional. Bahkan tidak sedikit dari mereka yang kehilangan gairah dan harapan dalam menjalani hidup akibat depresi yang amat parah. Untuk itu, penulis mengangkat topik “Pelayanan Pastoral Konseling dalam Menangani Depresi di Kalangan Remaja di Masa Pandemi COVID-19”, untuk membantu gereja dalam menemukan cara yang efektif dan efisien untuk menangani permasalahan depresi di kalangan para remaja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi pustaka. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah gereja perlu melakukan pelayanan pastoral konseling kepada para remaja yang sedang mengalami depresi di masa pandemi ini, dengan melakukan penyuluhan/edukasi melalui sosial media sebagai metode pencegahan, serta melakukan metode cyber counseling berkelompok sebagai metode pemulihan.
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Semenoh, Olena, and Olena Kravchenko. "PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN LINGUA-CULTURAL DIMENSIONS: AMERICAN EXPERIENCE." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 16 (September 9, 2017): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2017.16.175981.
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The article outlines the concepts "nurse", "professional ethics of nurses." The professional ethics of nurses has been defined as a component of medical ethics which studies moral consciousness, moral and ethical aspects of professional activity, moral principles and values that regulate the moral relationship between s nurse and s patient, the patient's family, other members of the medical community and community. The analysis of foreign and Ukrainian experience of formation of nurses’ professional ethics gives grounds to characterize the quality as a set of interrelated cognitive, praxeological, communicative components; their presence allows to interact productively with the professional and social environment on the basis of professionally important ethical knowledge, skills, professional important qualities that are aimed at the effective organization of the medical-preventive process and the solution of professional tasks. The content of the professional ethics of a future nurse consists of ethical categories and professionally important ethical qualities such as: professional duty, responsibility, dignity, conscience, honor, respect, mercy, empathy, tolerance.The peculiarities of educational programs of future licensed younger nurses training (LPN) in the United States aimed at the formation of professional ethics have been outlined. A review of the linguistic- cultural aspect of the formation of nurses’ professional ethics at American higher education institutions has been conducted. The experience of classes on "Nursing Ethics", "Foreign Language" at Cherkasy Medical Academy has been presented; they are aimed at understanding the world of the profession, the culture of communication in medical community, ethical behavior, moral relations, prevention of conflict situations, and provision of psychological support.
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Côrte, Ana Carolina Ramos e., Franklin Camargo-Junior, Thiago Chalhub, Josué Morisson de Moraes Filho, Ruan Santos, Fabio Feitosa, Raul Freire, et al. "COVID-19 AND ITS EFFECT ON OLYMPIC SPORT: THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING SOCIAL ISOLATION AND THE HARM IT CAUSES, IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE IT." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 26, no. 5 (October 2020): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220202605237107.
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ABSTRACT In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease caused by the SARS-CoV2 virus, known as COVID-19, to be a pandemic. The sporting world, too, is suffering from the global effects of this disease, with the postponement or cancellation of competitions, including the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. As a proposal for containing the disease, social isolation was declared. Despite the importance of this measure, it was harmful for Olympic athletes, as they had to stay away from their training site and trainers, as well as their interdisciplinary teams. It is therefore important to study this harm caused, in order to minimize it. In general, it is believed that regular physical activity is associated with improved immune system functioning. The lack of training can therefore have significant consequences for the performance and health of the Olympic athlete. From the athlete's point of view, the impaired immune system, due to the reduced frequency of physical exercise, leaves them more vulnerable to contracting or developing infections or other diseases. The risk of harm due to the decreased performance of preventive works is also evident in this population. The reductions in training load and intensity can cause changes in the athlete's body composition and affect various aspects of cardiorespiratory fitness, as well as reducing strength levels and muscle potency. In relation to the athlete's mental health, two aspects are particularly challenging: isolation and uncertainty. Based on the possible harm caused by social isolation, the need is seen for a specific and joint work, in an attempt to minimize it. This work addresses the following topics: (I) context: transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, discharge criteria, isolation and post-pandemic consequences; (II) harm and proposals: nutritional, physiological, biomechanical and psychological. Level of evidence II; Review Article.
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Zubrick, Stephen R., Sven R. Silburn, Paul Burton, and Eve Blair. "Mental Health Disorders in Children and Young People: Scope, Cause and Prevention." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 4 (August 2000): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2000.00703.x.
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Objective: To review the scope and characteristics of mental health disorders in children and young people in Australia; detail some emerging concepts of the causal pathways of mental health disorders in children and young people; and discuss aspects of the prevention of mental health disorders and the promotion of mental health in children and young people. Method: An integrated review of selected literature. Results: (i) While as many as one in five Australian children aged from four to 17 have significant mental health problems there remains a need for prevalence estimates in subsections of the population, notably children and young people of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent; (ii) appropriate studies of gene-environment interaction will require better measurement and developmental exposition of those risk exposures that are known to be on the causal pathway to mental health disorder; and (iii) universal, selective and indicated prevention trials and evaluations directed at anxiety, depression and conduct disorder are needed. Conclusion: Preventive intervention and promotion in mental health must entail effective collaboration at national, state and local levels between health, welfare and education sectors. These sectors must be informed by high quality epidemiology and a knowledge of the causal pathways of mental health disorders. Such intervention must also improve the movement of scientific knowledge to political policy on one hand and to praxis on the other. This will require a clear and persistent vision of the urgency, costs and consequences of mental health disorders in children and young people coupled with effective leadership and political resolve.
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Viana, Michele, Sara Bottiroli, Grazia Sances, Natascia Ghiotto, Marta Allena, Elena Guaschino, Giuseppe Nappi, and Cristina Tassorelli. "Factors associated to chronic migraine with medication overuse: A cross-sectional study." Cephalalgia 38, no. 14 (April 10, 2018): 2045–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102418761047.
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Background and aim Factors implicated in the evolution of episodic migraine into chronic migraine are largely elusive. Medication overuse is considered to be one of the main determinants, but other possible clinical and psychological factors can play a role. The aim of this study is to identify factors that are associated with chronic migraine with medication overuse. Method We enrolled consecutive migraine patients, subdividing them in two groups: Subjects with a long history of episodic migraine and subjects with chronic migraine and medication overuse. We then compared their clinical and psychological variables in a cross-sectional study. Results Three hundred and eighteen patients were enrolled, of which 156 were episodic migraine and 162 were chronic migraine and medication overuse patients. The mean age was 42.1 ± 10.3, 80.8% were female. The duration of migraine was 24.6 years in episodic migraine and 24.0 years in chronic migraine and medication overuse ( p = 0.57). After the multivariate analysis, the factors associated to chronic migraine and medication overuse were: Marital status (married vs. unmarried, OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.63–8.19, p = 0.002; separated/divorced/widowed vs. unmarried, OR 4.19, 95% CI 1.13–15.47, p = 0.031), physical activity (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.19–0.91, p = 0.029), age at onset of migraine (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.98, p = 0.016), use of at least one migraine preventive medication (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.18–4.71, p = 0.014), history of depression (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.25–6.73, p = 0.012), insomnia associated with the use of hypnotics (OR 5.59, 95% CI 1.65–18.93, p = 0.006), traumatic head injuries (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.57–7.99, p = 0.002), snoring (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.05–4.79, p = 0.036), previous and/or actual use of combined oral contraceptives (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.10–10.3, p = 0.031) and higher scores in the Childhood Trauma questionnaire (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.09–2.02, p = 0.012). Conclusion We considered several aspects that may be involved in the development of chronic migraine and medication overuse. A multivariate analysis identified 10 factors belonging to five different areas, to suggest that chronic migraine and medication overuse onset is likely influenced by a complex mixture of factors. This information is useful when planning strategies to prevent and manage chronic migraine and medication overuse.
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Jamaa, La. "MATAKAO SEBAGAI UPAYA PREVENTIF DAN REPRESIF TERHADAP TINDAK PENCURIAN DI PULAU AMBON DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM." AL-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum & Pranata Sosial 11, no. 1 (July 3, 2016): 38–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v11i1.856.
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Abstrak:Pencurian merupakan tindak pidana meresahkan masyarakat, sehingga dibutuhkan upaya preventif, dan represif, baik dari aparat kepolisian maupun kesadaran masyarakat sendiri. Upaya yang dilakukan masyarakat dusun Telaga Pange dan Telaga Pange di pulau Ambon terhadap pencurian tersebut adalah penggunaan matakao. Penelitian ini mengungkap dampak penggunaan matakao terhadap pencegahan pencurian barang masyarakat dusun Telaga Pange dan Telaga Kodok dan penggunaan matakao dianalisis dari aspek preventif dan represif terhadap pencurian dalam perspektif hukum Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan syar’i dan fenomenologis serta dianalisis secara kualitatif deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi dan wawancara mendalam kepada beberapa informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat dusun Telaga Pange dan Telaga Kodok memercayai penggunaan matakao menimbulkan efek fisik berupa rasa sakit kepada pencuri tanaman atau hewan ternak yang dipasang matakao. Matakao karimpu menimbulkan efek psikologis; pencuri kesulitan keluar dari areal tanaman atau hewan ternak yang dicurinya hingga ditemukan korban atau orang lain. Rasa sakit yang dialami pencuri akan hilang, setelah diberikan penawar, jika pencuri mengakui perbuatannya dan bertobat tak akan mencuri lagi di hadapan korban (pemilik barang). Sehingga tanaman dan hewan ternak masyarakat setempat aman dari pencurian. Karena itu, matakao berdampak positif sebagai upaya preventif sekaligus represif terhadap pencurian di dusun Telaga Pange dan Telaga Kodok. Usaha pencegahan dari pencurian itu, sejalan dengan maqashîd al-syarî`ah, sebab pencurian merupakan jarîmah hudûd dalam hukum Islam. Pengakuan pelaku pencurian pada dasarnya merupakan alat bukti yang sah dalam perspektif hukum Islam.Abstract:Theft is a criminal act of disturbing the public, so that the necessary preventive measures and repressive, including police and public awareness. Efforts are being made publics of Telaga Pange village and Telaga Kodok on the Ambon island against the theft, is the use matakao. This study reveals the impact of the use matakao, to the prevention of theft of Telaga Pange and Telaga Kodok village communities; and analyze the use matakao from preventive and repressive aspects against theft in the perspective of Islamic law. This research uses syar’i and phenomenological approachs, and analyze it qualitatively-descriptively. Data were collected through observation and in-depth interview techniques to several informants. The results showed that Telaga Pange and Telaga Kodok village community trust that matakao use of physical effects in the form of pain to the thief crops, livestock mounted submit their matakao. Matakao karimpu causes psychological effects; thieves had trouble getting out of the plant area, or livestock stolen, until it finds a victim, or others. The pain experienced thief will be lost, after being given the antidote, if the thief confess and repent will not steal again, in the presence of the victim (the owner of the goods). So that, the plants and animals of local communities, safe from theft. Matakao, therefore, have a positive impact as well as repressive preventive measures against theft, in Telaga Pange and Telaga Kodok vilage. Prevention of theft, in line with the maqâshid al-syarî`ah, because theft is jarîmah hudûd in Islamic law. Recognition culprit is basically valid evidence in the perspective of Islamic law.
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Ambagtsheer, Rachel, Renuka Visvanathan, Matteo Cesari, Solomon Yu, Mandy Archibald, Timothy Schultz, Jonathon Karnon, Alison Kitson, and Justin Beilby. "Feasibility, acceptability and diagnostic test accuracy of frailty screening instruments in community-dwelling older people within the Australian general practice setting: a study protocol for a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e016663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016663.
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IntroductionFrailty is one of the most challenging aspects of population ageing due to its association with increased risk of poor health outcomes and quality of life. General practice provides an ideal setting for the prevention and management of frailty via the implementation of preventive measures such as early identification through screening.Methods and analysisOur study will evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and diagnostic test accuracy of several screening instruments in diagnosing frailty among community-dwelling Australians aged 75+ years who have recently made an appointment to see their general practitioner (GP). We will recruit 240 participants across 2 general practice sites within South Australia. We will invite eligible patients to participate and consent to the study via mail. Consenting participants will attend a screening appointment to undertake the index tests: 2 self-reported (Reported Edmonton Frail Scale and Kihon Checklist) and 5 (Frail Scale, Groningen Frailty Index, Program on Research for Integrating Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy (PRISMA-7), Edmonton Frail Scale and Gait Speed Test) administered by a practice nurse (a Registered Nurse working in general practice). We will randomise test order to reduce bias. Psychosocial measures will also be collected via questionnaire at the appointment. A blinded researcher will then administer two reference standards (the Frailty Phenotype and Adelaide Frailty Index). We will determine frailty by a cut-point of 3 of 5 criteria for the Phenotype and 9 of 42 items for the AFI. We will determine accuracy by analysis of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and likelihood ratios. We will assess feasibility and acceptability by: 1) collecting data about the instruments prior to collection; 2) interviewing screeners after data collection; 3) conducting a pilot survey with a 10% sample of participants.Ethics and disseminationThe Torrens University Higher Research Ethics Committee has approved this study. We will disseminate findings via publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at relevant conferences.
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Alluru, Deepika, Chandrasekhar Lingamallu, Venkata Subhash Andey, and Venkata Durga Prasad Venkumahanti. "Pattern and causes of tooth extraction in patients reporting to GVPIHC and MT, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh." International Journal of Scientific Reports 8, no. 3 (February 21, 2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20220374.
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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Teeth help us in masticatory function, phonetics and aesthetics. Loss of teeth may affect quality of life and has significant socioeconomic, psychological consequences. Its important to analyse the reasons and patterns of tooth loss to know their impact on the remaining dentition and oral health. Thus, the present study was designed to understand the pattern and causes of tooth extraction in a targeted population. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective study analysed 972 records of patients who underwent 1092 dental extractions in the department of dentistry at Gayatri Vidya Parishad Institute of Health Care and Medical Technology-Visakhapatnam from January 2021 to December 2021. Various aspects like the causes of extraction, type of teeth extracted, type of dentition involved and site of extraction were evaluated. The collected data was then tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. </p><p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 1092 extractions were evaluated and noticed only 7% cases involving primary dentition. Caries (65.8%) was the most common cause of dental extractions followed by periodontitis. Majority of extractions were noticed in maxillary posterior region. First molars (27.4%) were often extracted followed by second molars. Least number of extractions involved canine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Dental caries and periodontitis were the most common causes of dental extraction. Most extractions involved secondary dentition. Maxillary and posterior regions had maximum number of extractions. First molars were commonly extracted followed by second molars. It is necessary to implement preventive dental care programs and improve the oral hygiene awareness in public.</p>
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Ivanov, M. S. "Attitude to Personal Security during Identity Formation in University Students." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 24, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-1-83-91.
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The research featured the relationship between the indicators of identity and the characteristics of the attitude to personal security in university students. The study relied on M. Kuhn and T. McPartland’s Who am I questionnaire, M. Berzonski’s Questionnaire of Identity Styles adapted by E. P. Belinskaya et al., J. Chik and L. Tropp’s Aspects of Identity, A. A. Ozerina’s Professional Identity, and E. L. Soldatova’s Ego-Identity SEI-test. The attitude to personal safety was investigated by the methods developed by the author. The study involved 238 students of 1–5 year that were majoring in humanities. The cluster and regression analyses of the data obtained by the cross-sectional method identified the related characteristics of identity and attitudes to personal security, as well as their differences at different stages of training. The author revealed some general tendencies in the phenomena that occurred in students during the period of university study. Positive dynamics included the following trends. The professional position became more active (I as a subject of relations). The assessments of threat of losing one’s reputation and connections decreased. Senior students preferred a personal security strategy, i.e. they relied on themselves. Positive dynamics included the following trends. Superficial identity increased, while the autonomy in the awareness of one's own values and emotional component decreased. The assessment of psychological risks and that of criminal organizations increased, while common preventive efforts mostly decreased. Security strategies in terms of the macro environment also changed: senior students preferred adapting strategy (living in an authoritarian society) to individualizing (living in a humane and tolerant society). The article introduces some conclusions about the correlation of identity and attitude to personal security, as well as the complexity and multidirectional nature of their development in university students.
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Ventegodt, Søren, Suzett Thegler, Tove Andreasen, Flemming Struve, Lars Enevoldsen, Laila Bassaine, Margrethe Torp, and Joav Merrick. "Self-Reported Low Self-Esteem. Intervention and Follow-Up in a Clinical Setting." Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.88.
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At the Research Clinic for Holistic Medicine in Copenhagen, 43 patients who presented with low or very low self-esteem were treated with psychodynamic short-term therapy complemented with bodywork. They received an average of 20 sessions at a cost of 1,600 EURO. The bodywork helped the patients to confront old emotional pain from childhood trauma repressed to the body-mind. Results showed that 60.5% recovered from low selfesteem (95% CI: 44.41–75.02%). Calculated from this, we have NNT = 1.33–2.25. Almost all aspects of life improved at the same time (p < 0.01): physical health, mental health, quality of life, and ability to function in a number of important areas (partner, friends, sexually, and socially). This indicated that we had successfully induced existential healing (Antonovsky salutogenesis). The strategy of improving self-esteem can be the key to a new life for patients presenting with low quality of life, poor health (physical and/omental), and poor ability to function. The patients were strongly motivated and willing to endure strong emotional pain provoked by the therapy. The rate of recovery is comparable to the most successful interventions with psychological and psychiatric treatment. Clinical holistic treatment has many advantages: efficiency, low cost, lack of negative side effects, lasting results, lack of use of psychopharmacological drugs (often with side effects), and an important preventive dimension.
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Alves, Aline Martins, Guilherme Tosi Feitosa, Nayara Ribeiro Slompo, Sergio Chociay Junior, Edirlei Machado dos Santos, Tatiana Carvalho Reis Martins, and Bruna Moretti Luchesi. "Negative self-perceived health in mothers of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic." Revista de Medicina 100, esp (November 8, 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v100iespp9-9.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic represents a major stressful event, drastically affecting the population's quality of life. In this context, self-perception of health stands out as an indicator of health itself, and is increasingly used in epidemiological studies given its validity and reliability. It is strongly associated with the real state of people's health, incorporating their physical, cognitive and emotional aspects, as well as a sense of well-being and satisfaction with life. The individual's perception of feeling sick does not come only from the physical sensations of pain and discomfort, but, above all, from the social and psychological consequences of ill health. Thus, women in particular, due to their social roles and the intensification of their workload, which has been accentuated in the pandemic context, have a higher prevalence of negative self-perception of health, justifying the importance of the study. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of negative self-perception of health in mothers during the pandemic and to relate it to sociodemographic and health variables. Methodology: Cross-sectional study, carried out in the second half of 2020, with 822 mothers (aged ≥ 18 years) of children and adolescents, who answered an online questionnaire containing sociodemographic and health variables. Self-perceived health was classified as positive (very good and good) or negative (regular, bad, and very bad). Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used for the analyses. Results: The mothers' mean age was 37.1 years, with 46.8% showing negative self-perception of health. Women who identified with a number of factors (had no partner; had completed ≤ 11years of schooling; were younger; slept fewer hours a night; were unemployed; felt overwhelmed in caring for their children; and suffered violence during the pandemic) had a significantly higher proportion of negative self-perception of health. Discussion and conclusion: The results of our study suggest worrying evidence of mothers' negative psychological response to the COVID-19 pandemic, since the high prevalence of negative self-perceived health may be associated with higher levels of depression, stress and anxiety. Thus, throughout the care process, attention should be paid to the biopsychosocial nature of the phenomena that make up the illness process, especially among the vulnerable population in question. Understanding and monitoring the health and quality of life of mothers during and after the pandemic is essential for carrying out preventive care and health promotion interventions and actions in primary healthcare settings in order to create and optimize policies aimed at managing the effects of this public health issue.
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Aitken, Zoe, Julie Anne Simpson, Rebecca Bentley, and Anne Marie Kavanagh. "How much of the effect of disability acquisition on mental health is mediated through employment and income? A causal mediation analysis quantifying interventional indirect effects using data from four waves of an Australian cohort study." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (November 2021): e055176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055176.
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ObjectivesThere is evidence that disability acquisition causes a decline in mental health, but few studies have examined the causal mechanisms through which the effect operates. This study used a novel approach to mediation analysis to quantify interventional indirect effects (IIEs) through employment and income.Design and settingWe used four waves of longitudinal data (2011–2014) from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, a nationally representative survey of Australian households.ParticipantsWorking aged individuals who acquired a disability (n=233) were compared with those who remained disability-free in all four waves (n=5419).Primary outcome measureSelf-reported mental health was measured using the Mental Health Inventory subscale of the Short Form 36 general health questionnaire, which measures symptoms of depression, anxiety and psychological well-being.Statistical analysisWe conducted a causal mediation analysis quantifying IIEs of disability acquisition on mental health operating through two distinct mediators: employment status and income. We used multiple imputation with 50 imputed datasets to account for missing data.ResultsThe total causal effect of disability acquisition on mental health was estimated to be a 4.8-point decline in mental health score (estimated mean difference: −4.8, 95% CI −7.0 to –2.7). The IIE through employment was estimated to be a 0.5-point difference (−0.5, 95% CI −1.0 to 0.0), accounting for 10.6% of the total effect, whereas there was no evidence that income explained any of the effects.ConclusionsThis study estimated that disability-related mental health inequalities could be reduced by 10.6% if employment rates were the same for people with disability as those without disability. The results suggest that employment is implicated in the relationship between disability acquisition and mental health and that more research is needed to understand the influence of other aspects of employment and other socioeconomic characteristics.