Academic literature on the topic 'Medicine – History – 19th century'

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Journal articles on the topic "Medicine – History – 19th century"

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Baptista, Sofia. "O Que Pode “O Médico” de Sir L. Fildes Dizer-nos Hoje." Acta Médica Portuguesa 28, no. 4 (June 25, 2015): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.6743.

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Totsuka, Etsuro. "The history of Japanese psychiatry and the rights of mental patients." Psychiatric Bulletin 14, no. 4 (April 1990): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.4.193.

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In ancient Japan, written characters and religions were largely based on Chinese cultures. The first foreign physician was invited from Korea to Japan during the Shiragi Dynasty, when an Emperor became ill at the beginning of the 5th century. Since then, Chinese medicine dominated in Japan until Western medicine was introduced in the middle of the 19th century.
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Weston, Robert. "Whooping Cough: A Brief History to the 19th Century." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 29, no. 2 (October 2012): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.29.2.329.

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Sakai, Tatsuo, and Yuh Morimoto. "The History of Infectious Diseases and Medicine." Pathogens 11, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101147.

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From ancient times to the present, mankind has experienced many infectious diseases, which have mutually affected the development of society and medicine. In this paper, we review various historical and current infectious diseases in a five-period scheme of medical history newly proposed in this paper: (1) Classical Western medicine pioneered by Hippocrates and Galen without the concept of infectious diseases (ancient times to 15th century); (2) traditional Western medicine expanded by the publication of printed medical books and organized medical education (16th to 18th century); (3) early modern medicine transformed by scientific research, including the discovery of pathogenic bacteria (19th century); (4) late modern medicine, suppressing bacterial infectious diseases by antibiotics and elucidating DNA structure as a basis of genetics and molecular biology (20th century, prior to the 1980s); and (5) exact medicine saving human life by in vivo visualization and scientifically verified measures (after the 1990s). The historical perspectives that these five periods provide help us to appreciate ongoing medical issues, such as the present COVID-19 pandemic in particular, and remind us of the tremendous development that medicine and medical treatment have undergone over the years.
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Cohen, Ben. "Anton Chekhov (1860–1904) – a 19th century physician." Journal of Medical Biography 15, no. 3 (August 2007): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/j.jmb.2007.06-24.

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This account of Anton Chekhov's life as a doctor is distinct from the short story writer and playwright on which his fame rests. It describes his school days, the years as a medical student and the period in general practice. In later years he became active in social medicine on a voluntary basis and earned his living purely from his literary work. He died from pulmonary tuberculosis at the age of 44 years.
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Marder, Nancy S. "The Changing Landscape of 19th Century Courts." Reviews in American History 46, no. 3 (2018): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.2018.0065.

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Kušeliauskaitė, Irma, and Aistis Žalnora. "The museum of the History of Medicine of Vilnius University." Papers on Anthropology 30, no. 1 (September 29, 2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2021.30.1.04.

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The museum of medicine of Vilnius university is one of the unique museums devoted to the issues of medicine in Lithuania. It was created out of the clinical practice by Vilnius university physicians. Early museum served as a curiosity cabinet as well as a teaching museum. After the closure of Vilnius university in the mid of 19th century the museum was destroyed by Tsar’s government. In the early 20th century museum was reestablished by the Polish government. The modern collections were added with craniological and osteological specimens as well as pathology exhibition. The contemporary museum was created in the last decade of 20th century. In the last period museum servers both academic and public interest. Museum includes interwar, soviet exhibits and collection of medical books.
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Zuardi, Antonio Waldo. "History of cannabis as a medicine: a review." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 28, no. 2 (June 2006): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462006000200015.

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Cannabis as a medicine was used before the Christian era in Asia, mainly in India. The introduction of cannabis in the Western medicine occurred in the midst of the 19th century, reaching the climax in the last decade of that century, with the availability and usage of cannabis extracts or tinctures. In the first decades of the 20th century, the Western medical use of cannabis significantly decreased largely due to difficulties to obtain consistent results from batches of plant material of different potencies. The identification of the chemical structure of cannabis components and the possibility of obtaining its pure constituents were related to a significant increase in scientific interest in such plant, since 1965. This interest was renewed in the 1990's with the description of cannabinoid receptors and the identification of an endogenous cannabinoid system in the brain. A new and more consistent cycle of the use of cannabis derivatives as medication begins, since treatment effectiveness and safety started to be scientifically proven.
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Mikhailov, M. K. "On the history of the development of radiology in the Republic of Tatarstan." Kazan medical journal 76, no. 6 (November 15, 1995): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj90665.

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None of the periods of the entire previous history was as bright and diverse in the manifestation of human genius as the 19th century - the century of science and technology. SP Botkin wrote: "... what a movement forward was then, what an irrepressible current swept the whole society, and at the same time what a thirst for knowledge awoke in it." Society "wanted to learn, to know." The greatest discoveries of the second half of the 19th century, made with seemingly ingenious simplicity or "by accident", acquire true value today.
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Doria, Corinne. "The Right to Write the History: Disputes over the History of Medicine in France – 20th-21st Centuries." Transversal: International Journal for the Historiography of Science, no. 3 (December 22, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24117/2526-2270.2017.i3.03.

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This article reflects on the history of medicine as an academic discipline. It analyzes in particular the debates that took place in France between the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. The first part recalls the main features of the discussions about the history of medicine since it was identified as an autonomous discipline up to the epistemological turn that, in the middle of the 19th century, opposed partisans of a “philological and scientific” to partisans of a “heroic” history of medicine. The second part deals with the debates that began in France in the 1960s-1970s over the legitimacy of a history of medicine written by physicians, and the foundation of a history of medicine written by professional historians. The third part proposes a reflection on the future of research and teaching in this field in France, and highlights the need for cooperation between physicians and specialists in the human and social sciences.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medicine – History – 19th century"

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Normandin, Sebastien. "Visions of vitalism : medicine, philosophy and the soul in nineteenth century France." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100666.

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Vitalism is an underappreciated and often misunderstood idea. This thesis seeks to explore the historical origins and meanings of vitalism in 19th century France; tracing the transition from medical vitalism in the Montpellier School in the late 18th and early 19th century to a largely philosophical vitalism in the late 19th century, emblemized by Henri Bergson.
I argue that the decline of medical vitalism was brought about by the rise of scientific medicine, the experimentalism of physiologists like Claude Bernard and the growing influence of positivism in late 19th century France. I see the seminal moment of this transition from a metaphysical to a scientific world-view in the materialism-spiritualism controversy of the 1850s, which was sparked by the development of modern biology and the experimental life sciences.
Despite its general disappearance from mainstream medicine and science, vitalism continued to have echoes in a number of fields in the 20th century, and remains a concept relevant to our contemporary circumstances.
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Dyde, Sean Kieran. "Brains, minds and nerves in British medicine and physiology, 1764-1852." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648694.

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Hernandez-Saenz, Luz Maria. "Learning to heal: The medical profession in colonial Mexico, 1767-1831." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186479.

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In New Spain, the professionalization of medicine followed the same pattern as in Europe and was prompted by similar intellectual and political factors. As with their European colleagues, the local medical elite of the late eighteenth century was greatly influenced by the Enlightenment, working tirelessly to advance medical science and improve the quality of treatment available to the public. Scientific developments in Europe influenced practitioners in New Spain through local and imported publications as well as through the arrival of a large number of European practitioners. While the Enlightenment played an important role from the scientific and medical points of view, international politics proved crucial to the development of surgery and its rapid rise to a professional level. The intense rivalry among nations prompted Spain to reorganize its armies and consequently, to turn its attention to military surgery. In Mexico, the establishment of formal surgical education and the reorganization of the armies resulted in the arrival of foreign practitioners and the creation of a two tiered system based on nationality. Of equal importance for the initial stages of professionalization was the rapid erosion of traditional social values in the late colonial period. As reflected by the increasing laxity in the enforcement of the limpieza de sangre requirements, race and ancestry as a measure of status were beginning to give way to personal merit. The medical professional gives a unique opportunity to analyze the fascinating world of late colonial Mexico. The hierarchical organization of the profession reflects contemporary society and offers a glance at daily life from the point of view of various socio-economic levels while the relations among its members mirror the complicated relations among the different segments of society. The growing criollo nationalism becomes patent in the attitude of some practitioners, an echo of future and more profound antagonism. From an intellectual point of view, the medical profession illustrates the achievements of local practitioners and pharmacists which have been largely ignored by scholars. Finally, it reflects the last efforts of Spain to reassert control over its colony and its powerlessness to stop the tide of history.
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Bell, Heather. "Frontiers of medicine in the Anglo-Eqyptian Sudan, 1899-1940 /." Oxford : New York : Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press, 1999. http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0c0m8-aa.

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Ghosh, Hrileena. "John Keats's medical notebook and the poet's career : an editorial, critical and biographical reassessment." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8247.

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This thesis explores the significance of John Keats's medical Notebook, and his time at Guy's Hospital (October 1815 – March 1817), for the poet's career. As a primary contribution, it offers a new transcription of Keats's medical Notebook (Appendix 1). The transcription reproduces Keats's text and indicates the layout of his notes, but is neither a facsimile, nor a new edition: the visual form of Keats's notes is not reproduced, nor do I offer critical annotations; commentary follows in subsequent chapters. The achievements, limitations and influence of the only edition of Keats's medical Notebook — Maurice Buxton Forman's from 1934 — are the subject of the first chapter, which also considers accounts of Keats's medical career in Keats biography and criticism. Chapter two focuses on the poems Keats wrote while at Guy's to show that the two aspects of his life — medicine and poetry — were mutually influential. Chapter three considers Keats's medical notes in comparison to a fellow-student's, indicating how some characteristics of Keats's note-taking prefigure aspects of his mature poetry. Chapter four finds Endymion suffused with medical knowledge and imagery, and argues that this was a vital aspect of the poem's depiction of passion. Chapter five suggests that the publication of Keats's 1820 volume was greatly influenced by questions of health, medicine, and disease; concerns reflected by the poems in it, which also reveal the extent of Keats's continued awareness of, and interest in, contemporary medical thought. In sum, the thesis argues that the origins of Keats's poetic achievement can be traced in his medical Notebook and ‘hospital' poems, and that the ability to infuse his poetry with medical knowledge was a vital component of Keats's poetic power and achievement.
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Artino, Serene. "To Further the Cause of Empire: Professional Women and the Negotiation of Gender Roles in French Third Republic Colonial Algeria, 1870-1900." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1342622253.

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Silva, Julio Cesar Pereira da. "\'Obreros del porvenir\': a instituição da Academia Nacional de Medicina e a produção de saberes médicos no México (1860-1880)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-22102018-172045/.

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Criada em 1864, a Academia Nacional de Medicina passou diversas transformações ao longo da segunda metade do século XIX em decorrência das mudanças no cenário sociopolítico mexicano e da própria dinâmica das ciências médicas no mundo Ocidental. Nesta dissertação, busca-se compreender como ocorreu o processo de institucionalização da medicina acadêmica no México a partir da trajetória da Academia Nacional de Medicina e como foram produzidos determinados saberes entre as décadas de 1860-1880. Assim, foram estudados o processo de consolidação de uma deontologia médica, além da produção, regulação e normatização de saberes médicos relacionados à concepção de vida e aos procedimentos de partos. À luz de uma perspectiva microssociológica e contextualista, demonstram-se como os embates e as controvérsias científicas serviram à organização da academia, às normas de produção e à formulação de saberes sobre vida e parto. Esta pesquisa também apontou como tais saberes serviram à estruturação do Estado mexicano durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Foram analisados os relatórios clínicos e as atas publicados na Gaceta Médica de México (periódico da Academia), os códigos civil e penal sancionados na virada das décadas de 1860-70 e os manuais de medicina legal e medicina obstétrica elaborados pelos médicos Luis Hidalgo y Carpio e Juan María Rodríguez.
Created in 1864, the Academia Nacional de Medicina went through several transformations during the second half of the 19th century as a result of changes at the mexican sociopolitical scenario and the dynamics of medical science in the Western World. Within this dissertation, it is searched to understand how did the process of institutionalization of academic medicine happen in Mexico starting from the trajectory of the Academia Nacional de Medicina and how certain knowledge were produced during the decades of 1860-1880. Therefore, were studied process of consolidation of a physician deontology, in addition to the production, regulation and normatization of medical knowledge related to the conception of life and childbirth procedures. At the light of a microsociological and contextualist perspective, it is shown how the dispute and the scientific controversy served to the organization of the academy, to its norms of production and to the formulation of knowledge about life and childbirth. This research also pointed how such knowledge served to the structuring of the mexican State during the second half of the 19th century. Were analysed clinical reports and minutes published in the Gaceta Médica de México (Academias journal), the civil and criminal Codes sanctioned at the turn of the 1860-70 decade and the manuals of legal medicine and obstetrical medicine made by the physicians Luis Hidalgo y Carpio and Juan María Rodríguez.
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Mighall, Robert. "The brigand in the laboratory : a study of the discursive exchange between Gothic fiction and nineteenth-century medico-legal science." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683119.

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Hüntelmann, Axel C. "Hygiene im Namen des Staates : das Reichsgesundheitsamt 1876-1933 /." Göttingen : Wallstein, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988532948/04.

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Ballou, Charles F. "Hospital medicine in Richmond, Virginia during the Civil War : a study of Hospital No. 21, Howard's Grove and Winder hospitals /." Thesis, This resource online This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02092007-102013/.

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Books on the topic "Medicine – History – 19th century"

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A history of neurophysiology in the 19th century. New York: Raven Press, 1988.

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David, Ritchie. Health and medicine. New York: Chelsea House, 1995.

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R, Williams Guy. The age of miracles: Medicine and surgery in the nineteenth century. Chicago, Ill: Academy Chicago Publishers, 1987.

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Ribatti, Domenico. Protagonists of medicine. Dordrecht: Springer, 2010.

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Hohman, Johann Georg. The long-lost friend: A 19th century American grimoire. Woodbury, Minn: Llewellyn Publications, 2012.

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Contemporary medicine in Malta, 1798-1979. San Gwann, Malta: Publishers Enterprises Group, 2005.

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P, Ellsworth J., ed. A history of veterinary medicine in Arizona, 1887-1962. Prescott, AZ: One World Press, 2006.

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Medicine, Johns Hopkins, and Johns Hopkins University, eds. Leading the way: A history of Johns Hopkins Medicine. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins Medicine in association with The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012.

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Doctored: The medicine of photography in nineteenth-century America. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2011.

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The Irish school of medicine: Outstanding practitioners of the 19th century. Donnybrook, Dublin, Ireland: Town House, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Medicine – History – 19th century"

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Hall, Robert A. "19th-Century Italian." In The History of Linguistics in Italy, 227. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.33.11jal.

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Driel, Lodewijk van. "19th-Century Linguistics." In The History of Linguistics in the Low Countries, 221. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.64.10dri.

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Roberts, Adam. "Early 19th-Century SF." In The History of Science Fiction, 121–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56957-8_6.

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Barbera, Maria Luisa. "Metaphor in 19th-Century Medicine." In Knowledge and Language, 143–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1844-6_11.

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Vannatta, Seth. "The 19th Century and History." In Conservatism and Pragmatism, 57–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137466839_4.

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Gallarotti, Giulio M. "The 19th century conferences." In A History of International Monetary Diplomacy, 1867 to the Present, 49–75. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315732435-3.

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Neill, Catherine A., and Edward B. Clark. "Late 19th to early 20th century." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, 33–45. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8514-9_4.

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Green, Michael D., and Theda Perdue. "Native-American History." In A Companion to 19th-Century America, 209–22. Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998472.ch16.

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Kay, A. Barry. "Landmarks in Allergy during the 19th Century." In History of Allergy, 21–26. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000358477.

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Franco, Raquel Campos, Lili Wang, Pauric O’Rourke, Beth Breeze, Jan Künzl, Chris Govekar, Chris Govekar, et al. "Civil Society History V: 19th Century." In International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 358–61. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_529.

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Conference papers on the topic "Medicine – History – 19th century"

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ROHRBACH, Wolfgang. "PANDEMIJE I POLITIKA OSIGURANjA KROZ VREME." In MODERNE TEHNOLOGIJE, NOVI I TRADICIONALNI RIZICI U OSIGURANjU. Association for Insurance Law of Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xxsav21.132r.

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Th e corona pandemic is incredible and, allegedly, a new phenomenon for many Europeans. Th at is why few people know the history of European pandemics. Th e lack of interest (disinterest) in historical development is due to the misconception of many experts. Preventive care and advances in medicine and technology always require only “looking ahead”. Th is (future-oriented) advanced way of thinking and acting meant that any disease that has epidemic proportions can, in the shortest possible time, be “defeated”. However, history shows that in Europe, from the Middle Ages until today, not a century has passed without epidemics or pandemics, and that signifi cant lessons and conclusions for the future could be drawn from any such crisis. Since the 18th century, development has tended more and more towards an insurance-oriented health and social policy, which in the 19th century was called insurance policy. By combining traditional experience with new or modifi ed concepts based on the principle of “preserving tradition, shaping the future”, the insurance industry can adapt to the new requirements of health and social policy, even in a crisis caused by the coronavirus. In this case, there is digitization, with the help of which it is possible to network with new studies and data, in order to improve quality.
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Ismail, Amnah Saay, B. Jalal, M. Md Saman, and Wan Kamal Mujani. "19th Century Pahang Islamic Scholars in 'A History of Pahang'." In 2017 International Conference on Education, Economics and Management Research (ICEEMR 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceemr-17.2017.49.

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NECHITA, Constantin. "DECLINE HISTORY OF OAKS IN 20TH CENTURY FOR ROMANIAN EXTRA-CARPATHIAN REGIONS." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019/3.2/s14.087.

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Badaeva, Larisa Alaudinovna, Iman Salmirzaevna Batsaeva, and Fatima Getagashevna Kunacheva. "On History Of Idea Of Federal Union With Highlanders In 19Th Century." In International Conference on Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.11.245.

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Tleubekova, G. "Late 19th – early 20th century European travelers account of the nomadic people of Central Asia." In Scientific dialogue: Questions of philosophy, sociology, history, political science. ЦНК МОАН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-01-07-2020-05.

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Finlay, Fiona, and Tracy Brain. "650 Concealed pregnancy: from 18th- and 19th- Century Novels and Scientific Texts to 21st- Century Medicine." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference, Liverpool, 28–30 June 2022. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2022-rcpch.428.

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Hartatik, Hartatik, Eko Herwanto, and Bambang S. W. Atmojo. "The Industry and Iron Trade on Barito Watershed in 17th-19th Century AD." In 9th Asbam International Conference (Archeology, History, & Culture In The Nature of Malay) (ASBAM 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220408.007.

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Stansfield, Billy, and William B. Ouimet. "HISTORY, MAPPING, AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 18TH – 19TH CENTURY RELICT CHARCOAL HEARTHS IN EASTERN CONNECTICUT." In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328410.

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Korjova, Elena Yu, and Alexander S. Stebenev. "The late 19th-early 20th century history of psychological education: Training psychology teachers in theological academies." In The Herzen University Conference on Psychology in Education. Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33910/herzenpsyconf-2021-4-32.

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Shaidurov, Vladimir. "MIGRATIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF THE NORTHERN ASIAN POPULATION IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s10.068.

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Reports on the topic "Medicine – History – 19th century"

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Flandreau, Marc, Stefano Pietrosanti, and Carlotta Schuster. Why do Sovereign Borrowers Post Collateral? Evidence from the 19th Century. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp167.

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This paper explores the reasons why sovereign borrowers post collateral. Such behavior is paradoxical because conventional interpretations of collateral stress repossession of the assets pledged as the key to securing lenders against information asymmetries and moral hazard. However, repossession is generally difficult in the case of sovereign debt and in some cases impossible. Nevertheless, such sovereign “hypothecations” have a long history and are again becoming very popular today in developing countries. To explain sovereign collateralization, we emphasize an informational channel. Posting collateral produces information on opaque borrowers by displaying borrowers’ behavior and resources. We support this interpretation by examining the hypothecation “mania” of 1849-1875, when sovereigns borrowing in the London Stock Exchange pledged all kinds of intangible revenues. Yet, at that time, sovereign immunity fully protected both sovereigns and their assets and possessions. Still, we show that hypothecations significantly decreased the cost of sovereign debt. To explain how, we stress the pledges’ role in documenting sovereigns’ wealth and the management of revenue streams. Based on an exhaustive library of bond prospectuses collected from primary sources, matched with a panel of sovereign bond yields and an innovative measure of sovereign fiscal transparency, we show that collateral minutely described in debt covenants served to document and monitor sovereign resources and development prospects. Encasing this information in contracts written by lawyers served to certify the quality of the resulting data disclosure process, explaining investors’ readiness to pay a premium.
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Blaxter, Tamsin, and Tara Garnett. Primed for power: a short cultural history of protein. TABLE, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/ba271ef5.

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Protein has a singularly prominent place in discussions about food. It symbolises fitness, strength and masculinity, motherhood and care. It is the preferred macronutrient of affluence and education, the mark of a conscientious diet in wealthy countries and of wealth and success elsewhere. Through its association with livestock it stands for pastoral beauty and tradition. It is the high-tech food of science fiction, and in discussions of changing agricultural systems it is the pivotal nutrient around which good and bad futures revolve. There is no denying that we need protein and that engaging with how we produce and consume it is a crucial part of our response to the environmental crises. But discussions of these issues are affected by their cultural context—shaped by the power of protein. Given this, we argue that it is vital to map that cultural power and understand its origins. This paper explores the history of nutritional science and international development in the Global North with a focus on describing how protein gained its cultural meanings. Starting in the first half of the 19th century and running until the mid-1970s, it covers two previous periods when protein rose to singular prominence in food discourse: in the nutritional science of the late-19th century, and in international development in the post-war era. Many parallels emerge, both between these two eras and in comparison with the present day. We hope that this will help to illuminate where and why the symbolism and story of protein outpace the science—and so feed more nuanced dialogue about the future of food.
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Tyson, Paul. Sovereignty and Biosecurity: Can we prevent ius from disappearing into dominium? Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp3en.

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Drawing on Milbank and Agamben, a politico-juridical anthropology matrix can be drawn describing the relations between ius and bios (justice and political life) on the one hand and dominium and zoe (private power and ‘bare life’) on the other hand. Mapping movements in the basic configurations of this matrix over the long sweep of Western cultural history enable us to see where we are currently situated in relation to the nexus between politico-juridical authority (sovereignty) and the emergency use of executive State powers in the context of biosecurity. The argument presented is that pre-19th century understandings of ius and bios presupposed transcendent categories of Justice and the Common Good that were not naturalistically defined. The very recent idea of a purely naturalistic naturalism has made distinctions between bios and zoe un-locatable and civic ius is now disappearing into a strangely ‘private’ total power (dominium) over the bodies of citizens, as exercised by the State. The very meaning of politico-juridical authority and the sovereignty of the State is undergoing radical change when viewed from a long perspective. This paper suggests that the ancient distinction between power and authority is becoming meaningless, and that this loss erodes the ideas of justice and political life in the Western tradition. Early modern capitalism still retained at least the theory of a Providential moral order, but since the late 19th century, morality has become fully naturalized and secularized, such that what moral categories Classical economics had have been radically instrumentalized since. In the postcapitalist neoliberal world order, no high horizon of just power –no spiritual conception of sovereignty– remains. The paper argues that the reduction of authority to power, which flows from the absence of any traditional conception of sovereignty, is happening with particular ease in Australia, and that in Australia it is only the Indigenous attempt to have their prior sovereignty –as a spiritual reality– recognized that is pushing back against the collapse of political authority into mere executive power.
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Flandreau, Marc. Pari Passu Lost and Found: The Origins of Sovereign Bankruptcy 1798-1873. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp186.

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Verdicts returned by modern courts of justice in the context of sovereign debt lawsuits have upheld a ratable (proportional) interpretation of so-called “pari passu” clauses in debt contracts which, literally, promise creditors they will be dealt with equitably. Such verdicts have given individual creditors the right to interfere with payments to others, in situation where the sovereign had failed to make proportional payments. Contract originalists argue that this interpretation of pari passu clauses has no historical foundation. Historically, they claim, pari passu clauses never granted individual creditors a unilateral right to block payments to other bondholders assenting to a government debt restructuring proposal. This article shows this claim is incorrect. Drawing on novel archival research, it argues that pari passu clauses find one potent historical origin in the operation of a now forgotten sovereign bankruptcy tribunal, the London stock exchange. Under the law of the stock exchange, departure from ratable payments did create a unilateral right for individual creditors to interfere with sovereign debt discharges. In fact, ratable distributions provided the touchstone for the stock exchange sanctioned sovereign debt discharge system. What is more, sophisticated contract drafters availed themselves of the logic. The result was a weaponization of pari passu clauses, and their inscription into sovereign debt covenants in the 19th century. The article concludes that the modern debate on the role of clauses in sovereign debt contracts cannot be held without thorough reconsideration of the history of sovereign bankruptcy.
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