Dissertations / Theses: 'Medicine and sanitary affairs'

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Bellan, Natália. "Diretrizes para o processo de registro sanitário dos medicamentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-30072015-100420/.

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O controle sanitário no Brasil merece elevado nível de consideração, pois caracteriza-se por grande importância social e econômica. Abrange um leque grande de produtos e serviços de diversas naturezas, como: medicamentos, alimentos, produtos biológicos, vacinas, hemoderivados, saneantes e desinfetantes, produtos de higiene pessoal, perfumes e cosméticos, controle dos portos, aeroportos, estações de fronteiras e uma ampla variedade de serviços à saúde. A Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) foi criada no Brasil especificamente conforme artigo 3º da Lei nº 9782/1999, sendo relativamente recente comparando-se com as agências regulatórias no âmbito internacional, e desde então evoluiu, angariando respeito no nível nacional e internacional. Outras agências reguladoras igualmente importantes abrangem variedades de produtos e serviços semelhantes à ANVISA. Inclusive a Food and Drug Administration - (FDA) e a European Medicines Agency (EMA) apresentam em seu \"rool\" de medicamentos os veterinários, enquanto que no Brasil este tipo de produto é regulamentado pelo Ministério de Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). O processo de registro no sistema de vigilância sanitária é um recurso de grande valia para assegurar a comercialização de produtos seguros e eficazes disponíveis à sociedade. Qualquer falha na cadeia produtiva pode impactar nos critérios de qualidade. Assim, a regulamentação sanitária sobre medicamentos abrange toda a cadeia farmacêutica desde o início dos estudos de pesquisa clínica até normas referente à publicidade. O objetivo desse trabalho é contribuir na promoção do conhecimento de regulação sanitária para os medicamentos pelo estudo da estrutura organizacional e atribuições da ANVISA, e paralelamente, efetuar a análise e comparação da regulamentação sanitária entre as diferentes categorias de medicamentos, bem como discutir a estratégia regulatória adotada pelo setor farmacêutico. Como material dessa pesquisa, empregou-se essencialmente, a regulamentação sanitária farmacêutica nacional, tendo como contrapontos a situação política e econômica do país, pautando-se como método a pesquisa qualitativa utilizando-se do modelo documental. Com vistas à estrutura organizacional das agências reguladoras de medicamentos descritas neste trabalho, verificou-se semelhanças inerentes as concepções técnicas e regulatórias, diferenciando-se, principalmente, da brasileira pelo fato dos medicamentos de uso humano e veterinário não estarem contemplados sob a responsabilidade da mesma instituição. Dentre as sete categorias de medicamentos estudadas, a composição técnica de seus dossiês de registro são consideravelmente análogas, sendo distintas as exigências regulatórias tangíveis aos quesitos específicos inerentes a cada tipo de medicamento. No período analisado (2009 a 2010), com o intuito de retratar a tendência regulatória adotada pelo setor farmacêutico brasileiro, as categorias de medicamentos genéricos e similares são as que mais apresentaram solicitações e deferimentos de registros no país.
The sanitary control in Brazil deserves a high level of consideration, because it is characterized by large social and economic importance. It encompasses a wide variety of products and services of various natures, as medicines, food, biological products, vaccines, blood products, sanitizing and disinfectants, toiletries, perfumes and cosmetics, control of ports, airports, frontiers stations and an extensive variety of health services. The National Agency for Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA) was created in Brazil specifically as Article 3 of Law No. 9782/1999 and is relatively recent compared with regulatory agencies internationally, and has since evolved, gaining respect in the national and international level . Other regulatory agencies equally encompass important varieties of products and services similar from ANVISA. Even the Food and Drug Administration - (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) in its present \"rool\" medicine veterinarians, while in Brazil this type of product is regulated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA). The registration process in health monitoring system is a very valuable resource to ensure that commercialization of safe and effective products available to society. Any failure in the supply chain can impact on the quality criteria. Thus, the sanitary regulation on medicines covers the entire pharmaceutical chain since the early clinical research studies relating to the advertising standards. The objective of this work is to contribute in promoting knowledge of sanitary regulation for medicines by studying the organizational structure and responsibilities of ANVISA, and in parallel, perform analysis and comparison of the sanitary regulation between different categories of medicines, as well as discuss the regulatory strategy adopted by the pharmaceutical industry. As material of this research, we used essentially the national pharmaceutical the sanitary regulation, having as counterpoints the political and economic situation of the country, basing itself as a qualitative research method using the model document. With views to the organizational structure of drug regulatory agencies described in this study, it was found similarities inherent in the concepts and techniques regulatory, differentiating itself mainly by the fact that the Brazilian medicines for human and veterinary use are not covered under the responsibility of the same institution. Among the seven categories of drugs studied, the technical composition of their registration dossiers are considerably analogous, with different regulatory demands tangible to specific questions related to each type of medicine. In the analyzed period (2009 to 2010), in order to portray the regulatory trend adopted by the Brazilian pharmaceutical sector, the categories of generic medicines and similar are the ones that submitted more requests for deferrals and registries in the country.

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Galindo, Elisabeth. "Description et évaluation d'une campagne d'information grand public sur la périnatalité dans le département de l'Hérault : "une naissance heureuse, c'est aussi votre affaire"." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11195.

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Pinho, Bárbara Marina da Silva. "Regulatory affairs role in a multinational pharmaceutical company." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/12967.

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Mestrado em Biomedicina Farmacêutica
The present monograph intends to present a Regulatory Affairs department at a Multinational Pharmaceutical Company, as well as the role of the professionals working in that department. The experience which led to this monograph occurred after the conclusion of the curricular part of the Masters in Pharmaceutical Medicine, and was an opportunity to apply all the knowledge previously acquired and to develop new technical and personal skills. After the contextualisation of this document, the first chapter of this monograph introduce the Regulatory Affairs Professionals describing their principal responsibilities inside of the team. Following this, the principal activities developed by these professionals are described as well as how they interact with the different stakeholders. After framing the professional and the tasks developed, the structure of the modern Regulatory Affairs department is introduced and its impact on a Pharmaceutical Company is analysed. The following chapters promote a more personal view, showing the main activities developed during this professional experience and how the knowledge acquired prior and during it influenced the achieved results.
A presente monografia propõe apresentar um departamento de Assuntos Regulamentares de uma Empresa Multinacional Farmacêutica bem como o papel do Profissional que nele trabalha. A experiência que deu origem a esta monografia foi realizada após a conclusão da parte curricular do Mestrado em Biomedicina Farmacêutica, e foi uma oportunidade de aplicar todos os conhecimentos previamente adquiridos e de desenvolver novas competências técnicas e pessoais. Após a contextualização deste documento, o primeiro capítulo desta monografia introduz o Profissional de Assuntos Regulamentares, descrevendo as suas principais atividades dentro da equipa. De seguida, apresentam-se as atividades desenvolvidas por estes profissionais descrevendo-se como interagem com as diferentes partes envolvidas. Após o enquadramento do profissional e das atividades desempenhadas, introduz-se a estrutura de um departamento de Assuntos Regulamentares moderno e analisa-se o seu impacto numa empresa farmacêutica. Os seguintes capítulos promovem uma visão mais pessoal, mostrando as principais atividades desenvolvidas durante esta experiência e como os conhecimentos adquiridos antes e durante a mesma influenciaram os resultados adquiridos.

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Morales, Neley. "Comparative Differences Between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine in Treating Type Two Diabetes Mellitus." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1627.

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In the United States alone, there were 25.8 million people suffering from diabetes in 2010. The prevalence of diabetes is expected to markedly increase worldwide over the next 30 years, an estimated 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4% in 2030. For individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treatment is essential to control adverse effects such as hypertension and diabetic neuropathy. The focus of this study is to examine various approaches to maintain and improve the lifestyle of individuals suffering from T2DM. A comparative approach has been used to evaluate the differences in the treatment of T2DM with the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine. In Western society, pharmaceuticals are commonly used as a treatment method to manage hyperglycemia, along with life-style modifications. Furthermore, TCM views the human body and its functioning in a holistic way, stating that no single body part or symptom can be understood apart from its relation to a whole. Herbal medications and other treatments in TCM are targeted to treat underlying medical complaints that resulted in symptoms, instead of treating one specific manifestation. Data collection has been gathered through Qualitative over the phone interviews with patients suffering from T2DM, as well as TCM physicians. Interviews were conducted on patients that were diagnosed with T2DM (fasting plasma glucose levels of 126 or greater and HbAlc levels [greater than] 8%), and had continued treatment longer than three months prior to interviews. Collection of chart notes containing glucose levels, levels of pain, lifestyle changes, and vital signs were also used. A total of 21 patients from a family practice were interviewed, answering 23 constructed questions based on treatment of choice (TCM or western) and their personal input on treatment satisfaction. Patients varied in age, ethnicities, and gender, ranging from 39-70 years of age. Two traditional Chinese medicine physicians were also interviewed. Interviews with TCM physicians elaborated on course of treatment and steps taken to diagnose T2DM. Furthermore, prescription medications were also charted and documented to further analyze with secondary data. Upon completing the interviews, the data stated 21 patients (total population questioned) had not experienced alternative medicine and were exposed only to western medicine as treatment. A major concern for most patients were the pharmaceutical side effects, and 85.1% of patients stated they would be interested in an alternative treatment. Due to insufficient sources and knowledge on TCM treatment, 14.2% of patients stated they were satisfied with their western medicine treatment of choice and would not change treatment. The research's objective was to evaluate the differences in treatment of T2DM. Data collected supported the objective and showed the lack of sources to alternative treatments aside from western medicine. The researcher informed and educated interviewees about literature review on traditional Chinese medicine about alternative treatments available to treat T2DM.
B.S.
Bachelors
Helath Professions
Health and Public Affairs
Health Science Pre-Clinical

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Tiveron, Daniela Verardino [UNESP]. "Inspeção pós-morte de bovinos: ocorrência de alterações sanitárias no abate e respectivo impacto em relação ao mercado globalizado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110620.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-10T11:09:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-31Bitstream added on 2014-11-10T11:57:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000791018.pdf: 1531884 bytes, checksum: ae4013aba1ff9092a7c8a61c550632bf (MD5)
A partir de 2005, a comissão do Codex Alimentarius deu início a uma nova empreitada no que diz respeito às práticas da inspeção ante e pós-morte, inserindo-as definitivamente nos planos de segurança e inocuidade. Recomenda-se, a adoção de métodos e técnicas de exames ou de análises que possuam enfoque ou características baseados no sistema APPCC (Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle – HACCP), que tem fundamentos científicos e caráter sistemático, permitindo identificar perigos específicos e medidas para seu controle - prevenção, redução ou eliminação, garantindo a inocuidade dos alimentos em margens de risco (Risk Analysis) aceitáveis internacionalmente. Este estudo visou à análise e a discussão das práticas vigentes durante a inspeção pós-morte de bovinos com base no monitoramento das ocorrências sanitárias durante o ano de 2012 e estudo retrospectivo da evolução dessas ocorrências entre os anos 2007 e 2011, com vistas à discussão e possível adequação dessas práticas com base nos requisitos e recomendações do Codex Alimentarius e do sistema de gestão de caráter preventivo definido pelo plano APPCC, focando-as em análises de risco. Nesse período, foram observados 17.981 casos de cisticercose (1,68%), 557 casos de linfadenite do tipo tuberculosa (0,05%), 1315 ocorrências de abscessos hepáticos (0,12%) e 235 casos de pneumonia (0,02%), num total de 1.067.584 animais abatidos. O índice geral para ocorrência de alterações sanitárias no exame pósmorte para o período foi de 1,9%, significando que dois em cada 100 animais abatidos demandam providências que salvaguardem a saúde dos consumidores. Embora pareça pequena, essa ainda é uma cifra muito elevada que impõe a necessidade do aprimoramento dos programas sanitários na exploração animal e sua efetiva adoção e responsabilização com base nas boas práticas de produção
Since 2005, the Codex Alimentarius committee began a new journey regarding the ante and post morten inspection practices, including this practice permanently at the security and safety plans. Methods and techniques tests adoption are recommended or analyze that have focus or characteristics based on HACCP program that have scientific fundamentals and systematic character that permit identify the specific hazard and measures for their control – prevention, reduction or elimination, ensuring the food safety in risk analysis international tolerable. This review aimed to analyze and discussion from adopted practices during the bovine post mortem inspection based on the sanitary occurrence monitoring during 2012, and based on retrospective study of these sanitary occurrences from 2007 to 2011, order to discuss and possible adequacy from these practices based on Codex Alimentarius requirements and recommendations. In this period were observed, 17.981 cases of cysticercosis (1,68%), 557 tuberculosis (0,5%), 13315 hepatic abscess (0,12%) and 235 pneumonia. (0,02%) in a total of 1.067.584 slaughtered animals. The general index to the sanitary changes occurrence at the post mortem exam at the period were 1,9%, what mean that each 100 animals slaughtered 2 need procedures to take care about customers heath safety. Although looks like a small quantity, it’s a big number that impose the necessity of the sanitary programs upgrading

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Tiveron, Daniela Verardino. "Inspeção pós-morte de bovinos : ocorrência de alterações sanitárias no abate e respectivo impacto em relação ao mercado globalizado /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110620.

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Orientador: Luiz Francisco Prata
Banca: Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe
Banca: Paulo Sérgio Jorge
Resumo: A partir de 2005, a comissão do Codex Alimentarius deu início a uma nova empreitada no que diz respeito às práticas da inspeção ante e pós-morte, inserindo-as definitivamente nos planos de segurança e inocuidade. Recomenda-se, a adoção de métodos e técnicas de exames ou de análises que possuam enfoque ou características baseados no sistema APPCC (Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle - HACCP), que tem fundamentos científicos e caráter sistemático, permitindo identificar perigos específicos e medidas para seu controle - prevenção, redução ou eliminação, garantindo a inocuidade dos alimentos em margens de risco (Risk Analysis) aceitáveis internacionalmente. Este estudo visou à análise e a discussão das práticas vigentes durante a inspeção pós-morte de bovinos com base no monitoramento das ocorrências sanitárias durante o ano de 2012 e estudo retrospectivo da evolução dessas ocorrências entre os anos 2007 e 2011, com vistas à discussão e possível adequação dessas práticas com base nos requisitos e recomendações do Codex Alimentarius e do sistema de gestão de caráter preventivo definido pelo plano APPCC, focando-as em análises de risco. Nesse período, foram observados 17.981 casos de cisticercose (1,68%), 557 casos de linfadenite do tipo tuberculosa (0,05%), 1315 ocorrências de abscessos hepáticos (0,12%) e 235 casos de pneumonia (0,02%), num total de 1.067.584 animais abatidos. O índice geral para ocorrência de alterações sanitárias no exame pósmorte para o período foi de 1,9%, significando que dois em cada 100 animais abatidos demandam providências que salvaguardem a saúde dos consumidores. Embora pareça pequena, essa ainda é uma cifra muito elevada que impõe a necessidade do aprimoramento dos programas sanitários na exploração animal e sua efetiva adoção e responsabilização com base nas boas práticas de produção
Abstract: Since 2005, the Codex Alimentarius committee began a new journey regarding the ante and post morten inspection practices, including this practice permanently at the security and safety plans. Methods and techniques tests adoption are recommended or analyze that have focus or characteristics based on HACCP program that have scientific fundamentals and systematic character that permit identify the specific hazard and measures for their control - prevention, reduction or elimination, ensuring the food safety in risk analysis international tolerable. This review aimed to analyze and discussion from adopted practices during the bovine post mortem inspection based on the sanitary occurrence monitoring during 2012, and based on retrospective study of these sanitary occurrences from 2007 to 2011, order to discuss and possible adequacy from these practices based on Codex Alimentarius requirements and recommendations. In this period were observed, 17.981 cases of cysticercosis (1,68%), 557 tuberculosis (0,5%), 13315 hepatic abscess (0,12%) and 235 pneumonia. (0,02%) in a total of 1.067.584 slaughtered animals. The general index to the sanitary changes occurrence at the post mortem exam at the period were 1,9%, what mean that each 100 animals slaughtered 2 need procedures to take care about customers heath safety. Although looks like a small quantity, it's a big number that impose the necessity of the sanitary programs upgrading
Mestre

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Noblin, Alice M. "Intention to use a personal health record (PHR) a cross sectional view of the characteristics and opinions of patients of one internal medicine practice." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4600.

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A personal health record (PHR) allows a patient to exert control over his/her healthcare by enhancing communication with healthcare providers. According to research, patients find value in having access to information contained in their medical records. Often a glossary is required to aid in interpreting the information and understanding the content. However, giving patients the ability to speak with providers about their medical conditions empowers them to participate as informed healthcare consumers. The majority of patients (75%) at Medical Specialists expressed their intention to adopt the PHR if it is made available to them. Although the perceived usefulness of a PHR was a significant determining factor, comfort level with technology, health literacy, and socioeconomic status were indirectly related to intention to adopt as well. Perceived health status was not found to be a significant factor in this population for determining intention to adopt a PHR. The majority of patients in each category of gender, age, marital status, and race/ethnicity (except American Indian/Alaska Native) expressed interest in adopting a PHR, with most categories being above 70%. Findings indicate a broad acceptance of this new technology by the patients of Medical Specialists. Improvement of adoption and use rates may depend on availability of office staff for hands-on training as well as assistance with interpretation of medical information. Hopefully, over time technology barriers will disappear, and usefulness of the information will promote increased demand.
ID: 028916585; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 160-172).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Health and Public Affairs
Public Affairs

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Devenyi, Ryan Allyn. "Quantifying the Affairs of the Heart| Combining Population-based Modeling and Experiments to Understand the Roots of Key Behaviors in Cardiac Myocytes." Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10809290.

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Electrophysiological behaviors in cardiomyocytes, such as the action potential and calcium transient, are emergent properties arising from the interaction of an ensemble of ion channels, transporters, and pumps. In this Thesis, I integrate mathematical modeling with experiments to gain new insight into cardiac electrophysiology. Cardiomyocyte models are probed using population-based parameter sensitivity analysis to comprehensively generate quantitative predictions of how key behaviors are determined by the levels of ion channels, transporters, and pumps. Experimental tests ground these predictions in reality and provide opportunities for model improvement when predictions differ from experiments. In Chapter 2, this approach was applied to the determinants of calcium transient amplitude in rat cardiomyocytes. Experiments validated the unexpectedly large predicted effect of the transient outward potassium current on calcium transient amplitude in epicardial cardiomyocytes, but others demonstrated that the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase had a much larger impact than predicted. Further exploration revealed that model calcium fluxes were inaccurately balanced, which we corrected to yield an improved model accurately reflecting our experiments and previous reports. In Chapter 3, the determinants of action potential duration in guinea pig cardiomyocytes predicted by parameter sensitivity analysis were tested using dynamic clamp, which found generally larger experimental effect sizes than predicted. We adjusted the model using a genetic algorithm to match our results, which led us to show that the overly stable model action potential resulted from higher levels of the slow delayed rectifier current than in our experiments. Subsequent analysis revealed how this current more effectively stabilizes the action potential than a related current, the rapid delayed rectifier. Finally, in Chapter 4 I take a global approach to model analysis, exploring competing models of the rabbit cardiomyocyte by comparing patterns of variability and correlations between behaviors across a population of models with randomly varied parameters. This found key experimentally testable differences between the models, representing a novel potential method for assessing how well these mathematical models represent the electrophysiological system of these cells. Overall, this work adds to our understanding of cardiac electrophysiology and represents a potential new paradigm for combining modeling and experiments to understand complex behaviors.

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Shehab, Maryam. "Use of novel sensors to assess human exposure to airborne pollutants and its effects on cognitive performance." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8161/.

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Exposure to air pollution can cause adverse health effects, may also adversely affect the central nervous system and affect cognitive performance. Epidemiological studies depend on central site monitors as surrogates to assess personal exposure to air pollution, which can be inaccurate because they do not assess personal exposure in a variety of activities and microenvironments. This thesis aims to assess the level of misclassification in data from central site monitors by using portable modern sensors with high temporal resolution to characterize personal inhaled doses of BC, PM2.5, and UFP, and compare the measurements with surrogate exposure metrics. It also seeks to identify contributing activities and sources associated with the highest concentrations of the three pollutants, and to determine the contribution of these activities and microenvironments to personal exposure, and to study the impact of short-term exposure to air pollution on cognitive function. The first finding is that central site monitors are not a good surrogate for personal exposure. Secondly, travelling in vehicles is linked to the highest concentrations of the three pollutants, while other outdoors activities and outdoors commuting are linked to the highest concentrations of BC and PM2.5, cooking is linked to the highest concentrations of UFP, and activities and time spent indoors are the highest contributors to personal exposure. Thirdly, the results provide strong evidence that short-term exposure to PM2.5 from candle burning and commuting has an adverse effect on cognitive performance.

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Vu, Van Tuan. "Physical properties of particles and their implications for the calculation of the human regional lung dose." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6911/.

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This study aims to investigate the physical properties of particles and their implications for source apportionment and health human exposure studies. A wide range of particle number size distribution (PNSD) measurements was conducted in selected environments using state-of-the-art high time resolution instruments. It is found that PNSD varied in different environments, depending on emission sources and atmospheric processes. A mass balance model was used to predict the penetration, infiltration factors, deposition and loss rates of indoor particles. The loss rates of indoor particles, which are mainly subject to deposition, coagulation and evaporation, were found to be a function of particle size and time. Moreover, HTDMA measurements were performed to study the hygroscopic properties of particles in outdoor and indoor environments, and from five major indoor sources. The particles emitted from indoor sources were mostly hydrophobic. An enhanced lung deposition model based on the ICRP and MPPD models was developed to predict the deposition fraction of particles in the human respiratory tract, with consideration of their hygroscopicity. Furthermore, a combination of lung deposition models and the PMF technique was applied to identify which sources are mostly responsible for deposited particles in the different regions of lung.

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Eizagguirre-Garcia, Domingo. "Industrial toxic waste and health : a practical case study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/710/.

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The objective of this thesis is to develop a standard, simple methodology for the assessment of health in areas near sources of pollution. This methodology should make use of readily available data and computing facilities. A literature review on previous studies on the subject was carried out in order to draw from existing experience. A total of twenty-five studies on health near sources of pollution were reviewed. These studies were carried out between 1982 and 1991, most of them in Britain, two in France. The types of pollution sources studied ranged from waste dumps to incinerators, to nuclear power stations. Each study was described, stressing on their respective backgrounds, building on geographical (study) areas, data, analysis and results. Brief synopses of the studies were next grouped, according to those using conventional epidemiological methods and more innovative ones. Finally, it was concluded from the review that the methodology intended should be descriptive, making use of routinely collected data, with a study area based on small geographical divisions (small areas) and taking into account socio-economic differences over its study area. In the absence of accurate data on pollution levels, and from the previous experience of one of the studies reviewed, circular study areas centred on the source of pollution and subdivided into rings were used, with distance of each ring to the centre as a proxy indicator of levels of pollution. The new methodology was found valid and the objective of the study was met. It compared favourably with previously reviewed methodologies. The methodology is intended to be used as a descriptive, exploratory tool, whose findings may warrant further analytic studies, which the method is not designed to, and can not, replace. The use of routinely collected data greatly facilitated the study, although caveats for future studies exist on them. Distance as a surrogate for exposure is seen as a simplistic approach, but in the absence of reliable exposure data it is a useful one. Standardization by Deprivation category has also been found useful to account for factors for which little data exist.

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Abdol, Rahim Kartini. "Chromium dynamics in soil." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/37605/.

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Due to increasing awareness of potential Cr toxicity, there is a pressing need to establish sensitive and robust Cr fractionation and speciation methodologies that will be enable separation of the two redox Cr species (CrIII and CrVI) from different environmental phases and their quantification. The intention of this work was to assess the behaviour of Cr species, especially CrVI, in soils and the factors controlling Cr solubility, fractionation, redox transformation rates and uptake by plants. The analysis methods relied on alkaline extraction in TMAH, liquid chromatography (LC) to separate the chromium species and inductively couple plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for quantification of chromium. The interference of 40Ar12C+ background peak at mass 52 was reduced by using the CCT-KED facility of the ICP-MS. A solution of 50 mM TRIS buffer, 40 mM NH4NO3, 10-5 M ammonium-EDTA at pH 7.0 was used as the chromatographic eluent. The method developed is suitable for determining CrVI in soil, following alkaline extraction in TMAH, but not for CrIII due to poor recovery, redox transformation and strong binding of CrIII with humic acid despite attempts to preserve the trivalent species using EDTA and heating. The extraction method was applied to assessing Cr speciation and fractionation in a wide range of soil ecosystems collected from urban sites in Wolverhampton, Nottingham, London and a historical sewage sludge disposal farm in Nottinghamshire. To predict soil CrVI content the use of TMAH-extractable Cr (CrTMAH) was better (R=0.911) compared to total soil Cr content (Crtotal; R=0.554). The same analytical approaches were also applied to the development of a method to determine isotopically exchangeable CrVI in soils. This employed isotopically enriched 50CrVI as a ‘spike’ isotope added to soils suspended in varying concentrations of TMAH in an attempt to resolve a consistent fraction of isotopically exchangeable, or ‘labile’, CrVIO42- in soil. It was apparent that, because of the slow exchange kinetics of CrVI in soils, it was difficult to determine a consistent isotopically exchangeable fraction. Nevertheless, the investigation did suggest a refinement of the simple TMAH extraction protocol could enable direct determination of labile soil CrVI. The kinetics of CrVI interaction with a geocolloid (humic acid) was assessed and humic acid was found capable of both reducing CrVI and binding with the resulting CrIII species. Finally, Cr uptake by maize grown on a historical sewage sludge disposal farm was assessed with several approaches to finding a correlation between Cr in soil and Cr uptake by plants. The concentration of CrVI in soil, and its solubility, could be reasonably well predicted from Crtotal or CrTMAH and soil properties. However, restricted uptake of CrVI by the maize plants, and probably reduction of CrVI to CrIII in the root system, made it impossible to predict Cr transfer to shoots or the speciation of the Cr in maize shoots. Overall, due mainly to the apparent ability of the maize plants to control uptake and speciation of CrVI, the produce was considered safe to be consumed by ruminants as regards CrVI content.

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Nguyen, Khanh Hoang. "Analysis of emerging environmental contaminations using advanced instrumental tools : application to human and environmental exposure." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8662/.

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High throughput analytical methods based on UPLC-APCI-HRMS and/or UPLC-ESI-HRMS were developed for the multi-residue analysis of pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PPCPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and their degradation/transformation products. The PPCPs method was successfully applied to analysis of freshwater samples from Egypt. Target PPCPs were ubiquitous in the Egyptian aquatic environment and displayed relatively high concentrations in an effluent sample from a hospital wastewater treatment plant. The BFRs method was applied to screen for legacy BFRs, novel BFRs and their potential degradation/transformation products in simulated landfill leachate samples. In vitro bioassays were developed to study for the first time the metabolism of the novel BFRs TBECH by human liver microsomes and EH-TBB and FM550 by human skin S9 fractions. TBECH was metabolised by hepatic CYP450-mediated enzymes to produce a complex mixture of hydroxylated, debrominated and α-oxidation metabolites. EH-TBB and TPhP (in the FM550 mixture) underwent biotransformation by carboxylesterases in human skin S9 fractions. Kinetic modelling of the studied hepatic and dermal human biotransformation reactions revealed that exposure to multiple chemicals significantly influences the metabolic rates of target compounds. In vitro – in vivo extrapolations were also modelled to investigate the xenobiotic clearance capacities of human liver and skin.

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Teeple, Lisa J. "Historical development of selected design amenities in central Indiana rural school buildings, 1875-1915." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/865947.

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The purposes of this study were: (1) to study the conditions that influenced the construction of early rural schoolhouses in Indiana, (2) to examine how emerging concerns for sanitation and student health surfaced from the construction of early rural schoolhouses, and (3) to provide a data base for individuals who desire to do further research on school buildings and their historic preservation. The research concentrated on the period of 1875 to .1915. Special attention was given to conditions that led to the passage of the Sanitary Schoolhouse Act of 1911.Results revealed that early schoolhouses often were constructed as little more than shelters. Virtually no consideration was given to either educational processes or the health and safety of occupants. As a result, water and other design and care of water and sewage systems resulted insanitary factors became major concerns. The inadequate serious health concerns for students and teachers. These concerns contributed to the passage of laws that eventually led to: (1) the abandonment of early rural schoolhouses, and (2) the construction of more sophisticated structures often designed by professional architects.This study also revealed that some of those early schoolhouses that survived have been converted to residential, business, or civic purposes. Photographs of such buildings in Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Henry, Madison, and Tipton counties in Indiana are included in the thesis. They provide evidence that preservation is a means with which these buildings can continue to serve a useful existence.There is historical value in understanding conditions that led to the rise and fall of early rural school buildings. Collectively, data about the construction and sanitary conditions provide insights into rural culture, expand an appreciation of the uniqueness of design for these buildings, and enhance the importance and desirability of preserving these structures. The net product of this thesis is to provide a view of the construction of buildings in central Indiana of this period.
Department of Architecture

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Pereira, Carla Raquel Xavier. "The evolving profile, role and relevance of the medical director in a pharmaceutical company." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15616.

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Mestrado em Biomedicina Farmacêutica
Over the last years, operations in Pharmaceutical Companies have become more complex, trying to adapt to new demands of the market environment. Overall, the observed change of paradigm requires adapting, mainly by the setting of new priorities, diversification of investments, cost containment strategies, exploring new markets and developping new sets of skills. In this context, new functions have been created, the relevance of some has diminished, and the importance of others has arisen. Amongst these, the medical structure within a Pharmaceutical Company, increased to meet demands, with companies adopting different models to respond to these needs, and becoming a pillar to the business. Assuming the leading role within a medical department, the medical director function often lies in the shadow. It is a key function within Pharma Industry, either on a country or on a Global basis. It has evolved and changed in the past years to meet the constant demands of a changing environment. The Medical Director is a highly skilled and differeniated professional who provides medical and scientific governance within a Pharmaceutical company, since early stages of drug development and up to loss of exclusivity, not only but also by leading a team of other physicians, pharmacists or life scientists whose functions comprise specificities that the medical director needs to understand, provide input to, oversee and lead. As the organization of Pharmaceutical Companies tends to be different, in accordance to values, culture, markets and strategies, the scope of activities of a Medical Director can be broader or may be limited, depending on size of the organization and governance model, but they must fulfil a large set of requirements in order to leverage impact on internal and internal customers. Key technical competencies for medical directors such as an MD degree, a strong clinical foundation, knowledge of drug development, project and team management experience and written and verbal skills are relatively easy to define, but underlying behavioural competencies are more difficult to ascertain, and these are more often the true predictors of success in the role. Beyond seamless proficiency in technical skills, at this level interpersonal skills become far more important, as they are the driver and the distinctive factor between a good and an excelent medical director. And this has impact in the business and in the people doing it.
Nos últimos anos, as operações das empresas farmacêuticas têm-se tornado mais complexas, tentando adaptar-se às novas exigências do ambiente de mercado. Globalmente, a mudança de paradigma observada requer adaptação, principalmente através do estabelecimento de novas prioridades, diversificação dos investimentos, estratégias de contenção de custos, explorando novos mercados e desenvolvendo novos conjuntos de competências. Neste contexto, novas funções foram criadas, a importância de algumas diminuiu, e a importância de outras emergiu. Entre estas, a estrutura médica dentro de uma empresa farmacêutica aumentou para responder às exigências, com as empresas a adoptarem diferentes modelos para responder a estas necessidades, tornando-se um pilar para o negócio. Assumindo o papel de lider dentro de um departamento médico, a função de diretor médico permanece muitas vezes na sombra. É uma função chave dentro da Indústria Farmacêutica, seja num país ou numa base global. Esta função tem evoluído e mudado nos últimos anos para responder às exigências constantes de um ambiente em mudança. O Diretor Médico é um profissional altamente qualificado e diferenciado que confere orientação médica e científica dentro de uma empresa farmacêutica, desde as fases iniciais de desenvolvimento de medicamentos e até perda de exclusividade, não só mas também por liderar uma equipa de outros médicos, farmacêuticos ou cientistas, cujas funções incluem especificidades que o diretor médico precisa compreender, contribuir para, supervisionar e liderar. Como a organização das empresas farmacêuticas tende a ser diferente, de acordo com os valores, cultura, mercados e estratégias, o âmbito das actividades de um diretor médico pode ser mais amplo ou pode ser limitado, dependendo do tamanho e do modelo de organização e governança, mas deve cumprir um largo conjunto de requisitos a fim de maximizar o seu impacto sobre os clientes internos e externos. Competências técnicas fundamentais para diretores médicos, como uma especialização em Medicina, uma forte base clínica, conhecimento de desenvolvimento de medicamentos, experiência em gestão de equipas e de projectos, e elevada capacidade escrita e verbal são relativamente fáceis de definir, mas competências comportamentais subjacentes são mais difíceis de encontrar, e estas são mais frequentemente os verdadeiros preditores de sucesso na função. Além da proficiência irrepreensível em habilidades técnicas, a este nível as habilidades interpessoais tornam-se muito mais importantes, pois são o condutor e o factor distintivo entre um bom e um excelente diretor médico. E isso tem impacto no negócio e nas pessoas que nele trabalham.

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Benham, M. Renee. "Beyond Nightingale: The Transformation of Nursing in Victorian and World War I Literature." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1490186723107747.

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Muenhor, Dudsadee. "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in indoor and outdoor environments." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2854/.

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PBDEs were detected in all air and dust samples. The PBDE congener profile in both outdoor and indoor air samples from Thai e-waste storage facilities and homes was dominated by BDE-47 and 99, whilst the predominant BFRs in all dust samples from Thai e-waste storage facilities were BDE-209, BDE-208, BDE-207, BDE-206, BDE-197, BDE-183, BDE-99, BDE-47 and DBDPE. Furthermore, BDEs 99 and 47 were the most abundant congeners in all dust samples from Thai houses and cars and UK homes. Under realistic high-end scenarios of occupational exposure to BDE-99 via dust ingestion, workers in Thai e-waste storage facilities were exposed above a recently-published Health Based Limit Value for this congener. For non-occupational exposure, under a high-end exposure scenario, the exposure to BDE-99 of such Thai children via dust ingestion is either very close to or in exceedance of the HBLV. PBDE levels in most of the areas monitored within the same rooms were not statistically significantly different. Similarly, concentrations of PBDEs in the majority of rooms within the same houses were not statistically significantly different between rooms. Possible dilution of PBDE levels in dust with increasing dust loadings has been identified in a small number of rooms.

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Paula, Patrícia Aparecida Baumgratz de. "A Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e Política Nacional de Medicamentos: um estudo da regulação sanitária de medicamentos no Brasil, com base nas Resoluções da diretoria Colegiada da Anvisa, entre 1999 e 2013." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8970.

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O estudo analisa a regulação sanitária de medicamentos no Brasil, nos anos 1999 a 2013, exercida pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa). Para tanto, foram utilizadas as Resoluções da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC), sob a perspectiva da análise documental. As resoluções expressam as decisões dessa diretoria para fins normativos ou de intervenção e são estratégicas para a regulação sanitária exercida pela Anvisa, pois a partir delas a agência informa à sociedade brasileira (população em geral, Ministério da Saúde, complexo econômico industrial da saúde e indústria farmacêutica) sobre as decisões tomadas no âmbito da regulação sanitária. O objetivo do estudo é analisar, com base nas RDCs editadas pela Anvisa entre 1999 e 2013, o papel da agência na Política Nacional de Medicamentos. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o estudo se fundamenta na análise de documentos oficiais e tem caráter exploratório. A principal conclusão é que a atuação da agência na regulação sanitária de medicamentos se aproximou das diretrizes da Política Nacional de Medicamentos. Assim, apesar dos desafios inerentes ao processo de regulação sanitária para a área de medicamentos, os 15 anos de criação da Anvisa foram decisivos para a implementação dessa política.
The study analyzes the sanitary regulation of medicines in Brazil, in the years 1999 to 2013, carried out by the Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa). Therefore, the resolutions of the Board of Directors were used (RDCs), from the perspective of documentary analysis. The resolutions express the decisions of that board for regulatory purposes or intervention and are strategic for the sanitary regulation exerted by Anvisa, because from them the agency informs the Brazilian society (the general population, Ministry of Health, industrial health complex economic and industry pharmaceutical) on decisions taken within the sanitary regulation. The objective is to analyze, based on RDCs issued by Anvisa between 1999 and 2013, the role of the agency in the National Drug Policy. From a methodological standpoint, the study is based on analysis of official document and has exploratory character. The main conclusion is that the agency operating in the sanitary regulation of medicines approached the guidelines of the National Drugs Policy. Thus, despite the challenges of health regulation process for the area of drugs, 15 years of creation of Anvisa were decisive for the implementation of this policy.

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Taylor, Audrey Lynn. "Evaluation of an Elementary School Wellness Concept in Rural East Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2128.

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Parents of elementary school children in the small, rural area of Unicoi County, TN were surveyed to determine their attitudes toward health, nutrition, and Unicoi County Schools' Wellness Policy. Elementary school classrooms were randomly chosen to receive surveys for the children's parents to return by mail. Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS software. Over 99% of parents stated that nutrition education in schools was important, and 96% stated schools played an important role in their child's health. The assessment provided meaningful data and laid groundwork for future nutrition education programs. The research showed rural, lower-income parents are supportive of positive nutritional changes in schools.

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Cardoso, Pedro Henrique Magalhães. "O Sistema APPCC como delineamento técnico para criação e implementação de programas de autocontrole sanitário em estabelecimentos atacadistas de peixes ornamentais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-01082018-094310/.

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Considerando a escassez de trabalhos científicos relacionados às medidas de biosseguridade na área de peixes ornamentais, o presente estudo utiliza o Sistema APPCC para delinear a criação e implementação de programas de autocontrole sanitário em estabelecimentos atacadistas de peixes ornamentais, estabelecendo os seguintes objetivos: 1) criar um guia de orientação para a adoção de medidas de biosseguridade relacionadas às boas práticas de manejo e higiene em comércio atacadista de peixes ornamentais; 2) listar os principais perigos biológicos de natureza bacteriana, viral, fúngica e parasitária aos quais os peixes ornamentais estão susceptíveis, bem como as medidas de prevenção e controle e 3) aplicar o Sistema APPCC em comércio atacadista de peixes ornamentais para um efetivo autocontrole sanitário dos animais comercializados. Como metodologia seguiram-se os passos para implementação do Sistema APPCC respectivamente: 1) identificação da empresa e definição do âmbito de aplicação, acompanhamento dos colaboradores e identificação das funções, das condições de infraestrutura e práticas higiênicossanitária, descrição do produto, elaboração de um fluxograma da área de processamento desde o recebimento até a expedição e validação in loco do Fluxograma; 2) identificação dos perigos biológicos e medidas preventivas para controle; 3) determinação dos pontos críticos de controle, estabelecimento de limites críticos de controle, monitoramento, ações corretivas; procedimentos de verificação e registro de dados e documentação. Conclui-se, que o Sistema APPCC é aplicável e útil para o autocontrole sanitário em comércio atacadista de peixes ornamentais e, como um programa de autocontrole serve de base para criação de outros programas relacionado às boas práticas, tais como controle higiênicossanitário e Bem Estar Animal, aumentando a qualidade técnico-produtiva do negócio e oferecendo animais saudáveis ao consumidor
Due to the scarcity of scientific studies related to biosecurity measures in the ornamental fish area, this current study works under the HACCP System to delineate the creation and implementation of sanitary control programs in wholesale ornamental fish, establishing the following objectives: 1) to create a guideline for the implementation of biosecurity measures related to good management and hygiene practices in wholesale trade for ornamental fish; 2) to list the main biological hazards of bacterial, viral, fungal and parasitic to which ornamental fish are susceptible, as well as the prevention and control measures; and 3) to apply the HACCP system in wholesale trade in ornamental fish for effective sanitary control of the sold animals. As a methodology, the following steps were taken in order to implement the HACCP System: 1) identification of the company and definition of the scope, monitoring of employees and identification of functions, infrastructure conditions and hygienic sanitary practices, product description, elaboration of a flow diagram from the processing area from receipt to expedition and on-site validation of the flow diagram; 2) identification of biological hazards and preventive measures for control; 3) determination of critical control points, establishment of critical limits of control, monitoring, corrective actions; procedures for verification and recording of data and documentation. It is concluded that the HACCP system is applicable and useful for sanitary self-control in wholesale trade in ornamental fish, and since a self-control program serves as a basis for the creation of other programs related to good practices such as hygienic sanitary control and Animal Welfare, increasing the technical-productive quality of the business and offering healthy animals to the costumer.

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Murja, Lúcio Marcelo Faria. "Saúde pública e saneamento: um estudo de caso na cidade de Lins." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-17112009-082239/.

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A pesquisa acompanha e relaciona a evolução dos serviços de saneamento básico da cidade de Lins de forma paralela à incidência de internações e óbitos característicos de Doenças de Veiculação Hídrica (DVH), ocorridos no hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Lins ao longo de três décadas (1975 a 2005) com quatro cortes temporais de dez anos. O período do estudo contempla o processo de universalização do saneamento básico na cidade que se deu em 1997 com a inauguração do sistema de tratamento de esgotos, que passou a tratar, além de toda a água distribuída ao município, todo esgoto coletado. Os resultados, com base em dados colhidos em livros de registro de internações do hospital e do número de ligações de água e esgoto junto a Companhia de Saneamento Básico do Estado de São Paulo (Sabesp) permitiram relacionar dentro do universo de atendimento do hospital qual a representatividade das doenças que interessavam ao estudo e estabelecer uma relação entre as condições de saneamento básico e saúde pública. Os resultados apresentaram co-relação entre o aumento do acesso ao saneamento e a saúde pública, com a diminuição do número de ocorrências de internações e óbitos por doenças que poderiam estar ligadas a ausência ou falta desses serviços. A comparação de registros de internações totais do hospital e as provocadas por DVH registraram queda na proporção de 4,32% em 1975, 1,86% em 1985, 1,76% em 1995 e 0,98% em 2005. Observamos, entretanto, que outros fatores também devem ser considerados como a incidência de casos por outras formas de contaminação, como a falta de práticas de higiene; a adoção de novos métodos de tratamento para esses tipos de enfermidade e o progressivo aumento da pressão sobre os recursos hídricos ao longo do período, devido ao crescimento populacional e desenvolvimento econômico do município (industrial e agrícola) que sem a devida universalização do sistema de saneamento causaria inúmeras outras ocorrências de DVH. Todos esses fatores junto aos resultados da pesquisa mostram que o investimento em saneamento básico é também um investimento em medicina preventiva, que do ponto de vista da saúde pública, representa custos inferiores aos alocados para a medicina curativa. Além deste aspecto contribuem para melhoria da qualidade de vida, com o desenvolvimento social e econômico da comunidade beneficiada.
The search accompanies and relates the evolution of basic sanitation services from Lins´s city of parallel form to incidence of admissions and deaths characteristic of Hydric Vehiclelation Illness (HVI), has occurred at Lins Misericordia Santa Casa Hospital along for three decades (1975-2005) with four cross-temporal of ten years. The period of study has contemplated the basic sanitation `s universalization process in the city that it is given in 1997 with the inauguration of drainage treatment system, which passed to treat, besides all water distributed to borough, all drained collected. The results, with base in data gather in books of admissions´s register and number of ligations of water and drained together to São Paulo State`s Basic Sanitation Company (Sabesp) had permitted to relate in universe of hospital`s service what the representative of illnesses that it had interested to study and to establish a relation among the conditions of basic sanitation and public health. The results presented co-relation between the number of access to sanitation and the public health, with the diminution of occurrence`s numbers of admissions and deaths by illnesses that could be linked to absent and failure these services. The comparison of total admissions registers and the provoked by IVH has registered drop in proportion 4.32% in 1975, 1.86% in 1985, 1.76% in 1995 and 0.98% in 2005. We have observed, therefore, who other factors must be considered as the incidence of cases by other contamination forms, as a hygiene practice`s failure; the adoption of new methods of treatment to these infirmity`s types and the increase progressive of pressure on the hydric recourses long of period, due at populational increasing and economic development of borough (industrial and agricultural) that without a due universalization of sanitation`s system would cause numberless other occurrences of IVH. Every these factors together to resulted of search has showed that the investment in basic sanitation is also an investment in preventive medicine, which of point view of public health, has represented inferior costs to allocated to the curetive medicine. Besides this aspect has contribute to improvement of life`s quality, with the social and economic development of benefitted community.

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Barroso, Elaine Aparecida Laier. "Modernização e higienismo: controle sanitário e gesto político-científica na Manchester Mineira (1891-1906)." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2008. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/2923.

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No processo de transição para as relações capitalistas no Brasil houve a difuso de um ideário científico e modernizador, em que a Medicina Sanitária, pautada nos modelos vigentes na Europa, foi parte significante ao propor uma drástica intervenção no espaço público, a fim de promover a salubridade e a organização dos centros urbanos. Juiz de Fora constitui uma amostragem deste empreendimento que vigorou nos grandes centros nos primeiros anos da República. Juiz de Fora então se destacava no contexto da Zona da Mata e do Estado por seu poder econômico. Tal posição era vista como incoerente com o crescimento urbano desordenado que vinha ocorrendo no município. O anseio das elites locais centrava-se na implantação de um projeto sanitário modernizante através da Câmara Municipal, que pudesse situar o município no rol das grandes cidades, sendo fundamental para tanto a reestruturação urbana com vistas contenção das epidemias e o embelezamento da cidade. No intuito de atingir estas finalidades, a Câmara Municipal de Juiz de Fora retoma o plano sanitário instituído no período imperial e, com o apoio da Sociedade de Medicina e Cirurgia, o reorganiza a partir dos postulados científicos em voga no Rio de Janeiro. Amparados no aparato legal criado, as autoridades sanitárias fiscalizavam, intimavam e multavam intensamente os citadinos. Estes, por sua vez, reagiram de forma velada ao movimento sanitário, procurando esquivar-se das medidas profiláticas e das multas aplicadas que intervinham diretamente em seu modus vivendi. As práticas sanitárias ocorridas em Juiz de Fora revelam-se bastante similares aquelas desenvolvidas nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo, ainda que a primeira se localize no interior do Estado e no tenha a mesma proeminência das capitais.
During transition processes for the capitalism relationship in Brazil an idea of scientific and modern diffusion, where Sanitary Medicine, guided on European models, was significant part to propose a drastic intervention on public space, to promote the salubrious and the organization of city centers. Juiz de Fora is a sample of this development that happens on biggest city centers on first years of Brazilian republic. So, Juiz de Fora stands out on Zona da Mata and on whole state because of its economic power. Such position was observed as incoherent within its disorientate urban growing that was happening specially on town. Yearning for an implementation of modern sanitary project by the local elite through town council, that could set the town on big cities status, been necessary for so an urban restart aiming for an epidemics contention and to make city beautiful. Aiming into achieve those goals, Juiz de Fora town council retakes sanitary plan instituted on imperial age and, with Medicine and Surgery Society support, reorganizes using habits and customs from Rio de Janeiro. Based on legal apparatus created for, the sanity authorities supervise, intimidate and constantly set fees on local people. These, by their way, react to sanitary appeal, trying to avoid the prophylactic action and the high fees applied that interferes directly on its modus vivendi- way to live. The sanitary practices that occurs in Juiz de Fora reveals very similar to those ones developed on Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, even that firstone been placed inn the state and didn’t had same importance as statescapitals.

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Aschenbach, geb Rosenthal Berit. "August Gottlob Theodor Leisering (1820-1892) – Professor der theoretischen Tierheilkunde und ordentliches Mitglied der Kommission für das Veterinärwesen im Königreich Sachsen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-79131.

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Diese Dissertation ist die erste archivgestützte Darstellung des Lebens und Wirkens von August Gottlob Theodor LEISERING. In den ersten Kapiteln des Ergebnisteils wird auf seine berufliche Entwicklung und die von ihm durchlaufenen Einrichtungen eingegangen. Das Hauptaugenmerk der Arbeit liegt jedoch auf seiner Dresdener Zeit als Professor für theoretische Tierheilkunde an der dortigen Königlichen Tierarzneischule. Mit seiner Berufung nach Dresden im Jahre 1857 war auch die Stellung eines ordentlichen Mitgliedes der Kommission für das Veterinärwesen im Königreich Sachsen verbunden. Daraus ergaben sich für Leisering unterschiedliche Aufgabengebiete. Zum einen in der Position als Professor der theoretischen Tierheilkunde, in der er die Anatomie (Histologie, Physiologie und pathologische Anatomie eingeschlossen), Diätetik, Tierzucht und zeitweise Botanik sowie Arzneimittellehre unterrichtete. Weiterhin damit verbunden war die Leitung des Anatomischen Theaters, in dem für lange Zeit fast alle anfallenden Sektionen durchgeführt wurden, und der anatomischen Sammlung der Tierarzneischule. Zum anderen stellte die Kommission für das Veterinärwesen in Sachsen die Direktion der Tierarzneischule, die Aufsichtsbehörde über das tierärztliche Personal, die tierärztliche Prüfungsbehörde und die begutachtende und ausführende Behörde in Veterinärangelegenheiten dar. Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts ging Sachsen einen neuen Weg und reformierte das Veterinärwesen. Die Veterinärkommission war direkt dem Ministerium des Innern unterstellt und vom Medizinalwesen getrennt. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt wurden in Sachsen Tierärzte von Tierärzten ausgebildet, geprüft und beaufsichtigt. Um diesen Prozess auf rechtlich sichere Füße zu stellen, mussten neue Gesetze, Verordnungen, Ausführungsbestimmungen, Richtlinien usw. ausgearbeitet, eingeführt und deren Einhaltung überwacht werden. Auch das gehörte zu den Aufgaben der Kommission als oberste Behörde des sächsischen Veterinärwesens. Den Hauptteil der Kommissionsarbeit teilten die 3 ordentlichen Mitglieder untereinander auf. Jeder dieser zwei Aufgabenbereiche war für sich allein schon so umfangreich, dass zur Bewältigung beider Bereiche eine eiserne Arbeitsdisziplin nötig war. Die Grundlage für die vorgelegte Arbeit bildete das reichliche Material in den Archiven der Städte Dresden, Berlin und Jena sowie verschiedener Bibliotheken. Leider haben einige Archive durch Brände und durch Weltkriege Verluste erlitten. Als besonders bedauernswert sind die Verluste der Unterlagen im Archiv des Zoologischen Gartens zu Berlin und der Leopoldina in Halle an der Saale zu betrachten. Wichtige Lebensstationen nach dem Studium der Tierheilkunde (1839-43) waren LEISERINGs Arbeit als Kreistierarzt (1844-46), als Inspektor des Zoologischen Gartens zu Berlin (1846-52 mit der Unterbrechung 1850/51), seine Repetitorenzeit (1850/51, 1852-54) und die Zeit als Lehrer (1854-57) an der Berliner Tierarzneischule. Während seiner Kreistierarztzeit reichte er seine Dissertationsschrift „Über die Entozoen“ (1845) an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Jena ein, welche ihm 1846 den Grad eines Doktors der Philosophie verlieh. Aus seiner Inspektorenzeit stammt die beachtenswerte Veröffentlichung über seine Beobachtungen und die eines Wärters bei einer Kängurugeburt. Diese Beschreibung und die geäußerten Vermutungen kommen den heutigen Erkenntnissen darüber sehr nah. An der Königlichen Tierarzneischule zu Berlin hatte Leisering engen Kontakt zu seinem Lehrer und späteren Kollegen, dem berühmten Veterinäranatomen Gurlt. Wie Gurlt, so war auch Leisering später für seine präzise Sektionstechnik und für seine Studien, die vergleichende Anatomie betreffend, bekannt. Des Weiteren zeichnete er sich in seinen Versuchen durch eine wissenschaftliche Herangehensweise aus. Dies spiegelte sich auch in seinen Veröffentlichungen wieder. Die Abbildungen in seinen Büchern wurden für ihre Detailtreue und Plastizität gelobt. Seine Versuche sind logisch aufgebaut und gut durchdacht. Bei all seinen beschriebenen Versuchen strebte er nach eindeutigen Ergebnissen. Die große Bedeutung von Pferd und Rind in der damaligen Zeit in der Landwirtschaft und beim Militär spiegelte sich auch in der Tierheilkunde wieder. Leiserings Veröffentlichungen beschäftigten sich zu einem großen Teil mit den Krankheiten (z.B. Rinderpest, Perlsucht des Rindes, Rotz, Tollwut, parasitäre Erkrankungen) und mit der Anatomie dieser Tierarten („Der Fuß des Pferdes in Rücksicht auf Bau, Verrichtung und Hufbeschlag“, „Atlas der Anatomie des Pferdes und der übrigen Haustiere“, „Rindviehzucht“, „Handbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Haustiere“-5., 6. u. 7. Aufl.). Seine Bücher erreichten eine weite Verbreitung. Auch außerhalb des deutschsprachigen Raumes kann man sie heute noch in Bibliothekskatalogen finden. Eines seiner Werke, „Der Fuß der Pferdes in Rücksicht auf Bau, Verrichtung und Hufbeschlag“ erlebte insgesamt 13 Auflagen und diente dem Buch von Dollar und Wheatly „A handbook of Horse-Shoeing with introductory chapters on the anatomy and physiology of the Horse’s-Foot“ (1898) als Grund-lage. Leisering verfolgte mit Interesse Zenkers Entdeckung, den Übertragungsweg der Trichinen auf den Menschen durch den Genuss trichinenhaltigen Fleisches betreffend. Dank Zenker, sah er 1860 erstmals Trichinen im tierischen Fleisch und zwar in einem Stück des berühmten Schinkens. Bei seiner Trichinenforschung viel ihm später auf, dass sich besonders viele Trichinen in älteren Ratten befanden, welche aus Abdeckereien stammten. Auf sein Ersuchen hin wurden solche Untersuchungen auch in trichinenfreien Gebieten durchgeführt, und auch dort wurden in den Ratten Trichinen gefunden. Es lag also die Vermutung nahe, dass bei einigen Fleischzubereitungsformen die Trichinen sicher abgetötet wurden. Zusammen mit Haubner und Küchenmeister führte Leisering derartige Versuche an der Dresdener Tierarzneischule durch. Er war ein eher stiller und bescheidener Mensch. Leisering hatte sich schon zu Lebzeiten eine stille Beisetzung, frei von Schmuck und Blumendekorationen, gewünscht. Johne sagte auf der Beerdigung, das Leisering eine der ersten Stützen der tierärztlich-anatomischen Wissenschaft gewesen sei. Neben seiner wissenschaftlichen Arbeit beschäftigte sich Leisering auch mit den Fragen der tierärztlichen Ausbildung. So war er Mitglied einer derartigen Kommission auf dem 3. internationalen Tierärztekongress in Zürich (1865) und der Kommission für tierärztliche Prüfungsangelegenheiten im Reichskanzleramt (1878).

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Холод, Юрій Михайлович, and Kholod Yu M. "Дослідження системи державного ветеринарно-санітарного контролю і нагляду за діяльністю суб’єктів господарювання в Тернопільській області, на прикладі відділу державного контролю Управління безпечності харчових продуктів та ветеринарної медицини, Головного управління Держпродспоживслужби в Тернопільській області." Master's thesis, Тернопільський національних технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2020. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/33896.

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Об’єкт дослідження – процес державного ветеринарно-санітарного нагляду і контролю суб’єктів господарювання. Предмет дослідження – особливості здійснення державного ветеринарно-санітарного контролю суб’єктів господарювання відділом державного контролю Управління безпечності харчових продукті та ветеринарної медицини Головного управління Держпродспоживслужби в Тернопільській області. Метою роботи є вивчення теоретичних питань та формування рекомендації для вдосконалення здійснення процесу державного ветеринарно-санітарного контролю суб’єктів господарювання в Тернопільській області. Методи дослідження: логіко-економічний; системний аналіз; метод порівняння; аналізу та синтезу; метод структурування; економічний аналіз та ін. Здійснено обґрунтування доцільності впровадження системи єдиного реєстру, вдосконалення сайту організації, введення в штат вузькопрофільного спеціаліста – юриста для відділу державного контролю Головного управління Держпродспоживслужби в Тернопільській області. Результати дослідження рекомендовано для впровадження у діяльність Головного управління Держпродспоживслужби в Тернопільській області.
The object of research is process of state veterinary and sanitary supervision and control of economic entities. The subject of research is features of state veterinary and sanitary control of business entities by the state control department of the Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Medicine in the Main administration of SSUFSCP in Ternopil region. The purpose of the thesis is to study of theoretical issues and to form recommendations for improving the implementation of the process of state veterinary and sanitary control of economic entities in the Ternopil region. Methods of research include logical and economic analysis; system analysis; comparing; analysis and synthesis; structuring; economic analysis, etc. To implement the system of uniform register, to improve the site of the organization, to implement narrow-profile lawyer positon for the Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Medicine in the Main administration of SSUFSCP in Ternopil region have been offered. The results of the research are recommended for introduction into the activity of at the Main administration of SSUFSCP in Ternopil region.
Вступ…7. РОЗДІЛ 1. ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНІТАРНОГО НАГЛЯДУ І КОНТРОЛЮ ЗА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ … 10. 1.1 Державний ветеринарно-санітарний нагляд і контроль: суть, методи і види …10. 1.2 Законодавче регулювання державного ветеринарно-санітарного нагляду і контролю …16. 1.3 Закордонний досвід проведення інспекційного ветеринарного контролю…21. РОЗДІЛ 2. АНАЛІЗУВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ СИСТЕМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНІТАРНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ (НАГЛЯДУ) ЗА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ, НА ПРИКЛАДІ ВІДДІЛУ ДЕРЖАВНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ УПРАВЛІННЯ БЕЗПЕЧНОСТІ ХАРЧОВИХ ПРОДУКТІВ ТА ВЕТЕРИНАРНОЇ МЕДИЦИНИ, ГОЛОВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ДЕРЖПРОДСПОЖИВСЛУЖБИ В ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ...24. 2.1 Загальна характеристика відділу державного контролю … 24. 2.2 Дослідження здійснення процедури державного нагляду (контролю) відділом державного контролю …32. 2.3 Аналіз роботи територіальних органів ветеринарного контролю Держпродспоживслужби в Тернопільській області…37. РОЗДІЛ 3. ПРОПОЗИЦІЇ ЩОДО ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО ВЕТЕРИНАРНО–САНІТАРНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ І НАГЛЯДУ ЗА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЮ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ В ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ …41. 3.1 Рекомендації по впровадженню системи єдиного реєстру інспекційних заходів для проведення державного нагляду (контролю)…41. 3.2 Рекомендації по вдосконаленню інспекторського контролю інших відділів Управління безпечності харчових продуктів та ветеринарної медицини Головного управління Держпродспоживслужби в Тернопільській області за рахунок вдосконалення сайту ...48. 3.3 Рекомендації щодо покращення роботи відділу державного контролю... 54. РОЗДІЛ 4. ОХОРОНА ПРАЦІ ТА БЕЗПЕКА В НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ…61. 4.1 Стан та організація процесу охорони праці у досліджуваній організації …61. 4.2 Забезпечення постійного спостереження за станом потенційно небезпечних об’єктів і навколишнім середовищем…63. Висновки та пропозиції… 66. Бібліографія…69. Додатки…74.

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Araújo, Patricia Sodré. "Os medicamentos e o exercício da profissão farmacêutica na Bahia (1961 a 1986)." Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10693.

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p. 1-180
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O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar as transformações ocorridas no exercício da profissão farmacêutica na Bahia entre 1961 e 1986. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem histórica com análise qualitativa. As fontes documentais utilizadas foram as atas de reunião plenária do CRF-BA, legislações importantes do período e jornais do CRF-4. Foram utilizados também dados das transcrições das entrevistas realizadas com os farmacêuticos que atuaram à época do marco histórico estabelecido. Evidenciou-se que a organização da profissão farmacêutica no Estado foi beneficiada por seu Conselho profissional. Percebeu-se também que, em muitos momentos nesse processo, a instituição acadêmica não teve papel tão decisivo quanto o próprio CRF em questões importantes para a categoria. Podemos afirmar que o CRF-4 foi eficiente em garantir um monopólio do mercado de trabalho farmacêutico ainda que com algumas perdas. Em seguida analisamos como ocorreram as relações entre os farmacêuticos, a academia e o mercado de trabalho. Observamos que os espaços de prática dos farmacêuticos no período se relacionaram com o contexto econômico da Bahia. Notou-se que ocorreram conflitos e disputas na ocupação desses espaços. Por fim, analisa-se a relação que se estabeleceu entre farmacêuticos e o comércio farmacêutico, revelando que os conflitos vêm permeando essa relação.
Salvador

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Mora, Cole. "A Tough Pill to Swallow: PhRMA and Pharmaceutical Lobbying in the Context of the Affordable Care Act." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1544.

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What is lobbying, properly understood, in the United States, and what strategies and tactics—including and especially those determined by contextual factors, as well as firm characteristics—are commonly employed by corporate lobbies as they operate in our American political environments? Considering this, what are the main strategies and tactics employed by the pharmaceutical lobby, with a particular focus on the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Researchers of America, or PhRMA? Finally, what roles did PhRMA play in the development and passage of the Obama administration’s Affordable Care Act, and what can this tell us about the lobbying strategies and tactics utilized by one of the most effective lobbies in modern times, as well as about how their strategies and tactics align, or not, with conventional conceptions of lobbying? Through effective use of key lobbying tactics such as direct lobbying and use of public awareness, PhRMA completed one of the more successful lobbying campaigns in recent history. When the White House came calling, they were first to the table, for they knew that with that seat came a position of leverage. From there, they were able to build both political and public support to complete a deal with the Obama administration that they positioned as necessary to keep the Affordable Care Act alive. This deal would ensure that the pharmaceutical industry would pay a flat rate of support for the act, and was therefore guaranteed protection from future government attempts to set or regulate the prices of their products and medicines. PhRMA played the long game, and they played it well.

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Mauck, Erin. "A Qualitative Analysis of End-of-Life Healthcare in Tennessee: Politics, Principles, and Perceptions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3846.

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The unprecedented growth of the aging population in Tennessee is a significant demographic trend that highlights the necessity for healthcare policy that tackles end-of-life issues. This study examined the perceived quality of end-of-life healthcare in Tennessee, areas that are in need of improvement, policies that have the potential to influence improvements, and the role of politics in end-of-life healthcare policy. It also assessed the support for end-of-life healthcare policy that would advance quality of care and expand end-of-life choices for Tennesseans, while evaluating the policy-making process that legislators employ. For this study, data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth interviews with an open interview guide. These interviews were conducted in a two-tiered format. Tier 1 included ten leading experts in various areas of end-of-life healthcare and aging in Tennessee. Tier 2 included nine legislators who were members of the health committees of either the Tennessee House of Representatives or the Tennessee Senate. Qualitative data were organized into numerous categories, and an initial phase of open coding was completed. From this phase of coding, emergent themes and focuses were discovered. This was followed by focused coding on all nineteen interviews using coding software to organize subtleties. Findings of the Tier 1 interviews indicated that there are many areas of end-of-life healthcare that need improvement including increased funding, expanded caregiver support, improved doctor-patient communication, and increased use of advance directives. Emergent themes included the influence of money, having difficult conversations, the stigma of death and dying, and supporting the caregiver. Tier 2 findings highlighted the motivations behind voting decisions and the level of awareness legislators have in areas of end-of-life healthcare policy. Both tiers also explored the support and opposition of physician-assisted death. The findings of this dissertation are intended to inform health professionals and state legislators. The data gathered through this exploratory research and the knowledge gained will lead to a greater understanding of end-of-life healthcare in Tennessee, and what needs to be done to improve its quality. This will allow individuals and families faced with end-of-life decisions to navigate the process with expanded options, access, and support.

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Kassa, Ida B. "You Are What You (Can) Eat: Cultivating Resistance through Food, Justice, and Gardens on the South Side of Chicago." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/141.

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Though food is widely recognized as a basic necessity for humanity, disparate access to it highlights whose bodies, environments, health, nutrition, and utter existence has mattered most in American society—and whose has mattered the least. Through interviews with residents of the South Side of Chicago about the alternative food pathway they’ve forged for themselves, we learn that food becomes much more than just sustenance. Interviewees describe our present day food system as undeniably rooted in a history of enslavement and exploitation of Black and Brown bodies; they regard food justice work by communities of color as an important source of empowerment as it not only is an act of survival, but also an act of reclamation of spaces they’ve long been historically denied. For them, community gardens are safe spaces for neighbors of all ages to congregate, discuss issues happening in the neighborhood, and ultimately keep the community alive and healthy; they are transformative spaces for community building, learning, and collective healing. Residents become better stewards to the earth and to each other. Ultimately, community-led urban agriculture has the power to transform urban communities and their relationship with food, land, the environment, and each other. Ineffective public health initiatives often fail to sufficiently historicize and contextualize the relationship between social factors, unhealthy urban landscapes, and poor health outcomes. By placing the agency of the affected community at the center of research, however, we might better understand the relationship between positionality, food access, adverse health outcomes and any efforts we make to improve them.

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Ortiz, Carlos Eduardo. "A identificação do mosquito como agente da transmissão da febre amarela e o reflexo nas ações determinadas pelo serviço sanitário do estado de São Paulo no início do Século XX." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13326.

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Yellow fever a disease before limited only the region of the coast after in São Paulo and after 1889 leaves the city of Santos and reaches regions of the inside of the State of São Paulo, becoming for doctorsand authorities a still bigger problem, for not restricted to the sick person, but also causing problems of social and economic order. The epidemics of the disease had taken immigration restrictions, affecting the trade of the regions and starting a panicof local populations where it revealed. In this thesis official documents were studied and medical publications, with the objective to identify the epidemics of yellow fever that had reached São Paulo close to the turn of century 19th for the 20th , theactions taken for its containment as well as in that were based such actions. Recommended actions for its containment initially were based on the hygiene presuppositions and had remained up to 1901. With settlement of the function of mosquito in the transmission of disease, the Sanitary Service of São Paulo, under direction of Emilio Marcondes Ribas, centers around its actions in the extermination of insect as form to tackle yellow fever, as explained further Sanitary Instructions published in 1903. This research allowed to verify as Emilio Ribas is going to constitute base of sanitary measures that had contained yellow fever in São Paulo
A febre amarela, uma doença antes restrita apenas à região de litoral, atinge São Paulo, após 1889, deixando a cidade de Santos para atingir regiões do interior do Estado, tornando-se, para médicos e autoridades, um problema ainda maior, por não se restringir ao doente, mas também causar problemas de ordem social e econômica. As epidemias da doença levaram à restrições de imigração, afetando o comércio das regiões e provocando pânico nas populações locais onde ela se manifestava. Nesta tese, foram estudados documentos oficiais e publicações médicas com o objetivo de identificar as epidemias de febre amarela que atingiram São Paulo próximo da virada do século XIX para o XX, as ações tomadas para sua contenção, assim como compreenderem que se baseavam tais ações. As ações recomendadas para a sua contenção estavam, inicialmente, baseadas nos pressupostos de higiene e assim permaneceram até 1901. Com o estabelecimento do papel do mosquito na transmissão da doença, o Serviço Sanitário de São Paulo, sob a direção de Emilio Marcondes Ribas, centra suas ações no extermínio do inseto como forma de debelar a febre amarela, conforme exposto nas novas Instruções Sanitárias, publicadas em 1903. Esta pesquisa permitiu verificar como Emilio Ribas vai constituindo a base de medidas sanitárias que contiveram a febre amarela em São Paulo

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Stalling, Veda. "The Phenomenological Evaluation of Social Worker Competencies in Patient-Centered Medical Homes." ScholarWorks, 2016. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1871.

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The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) is an innovative, team-based health care model that was applied during the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). However, the competencies for PCMH health care social worker team members are not identified within this model. Thus, the purpose of this phenomenological study focused on identifying the core competencies that will enable social workers to perform competently in PCMHs. This study also explored the roles and training needs as related to improving the competence of social workers. Sandberg’s and Parry’s conceptualization of the competency model was used as the theoretical framework. Data were acquired through interviews with 10 PCMH social workers. These data were then inductively coded and analyzed using a modified Moustakas method. Key findings indicated that these social workers believed that improvements in competencies may include training and knowledge with mental health and physical health knowledge which consist of diagnoses, interventions, medications, symptoms, and terminology. It was also noted that knowledge of evidence-based practices for mental health interventions and patient-centered, team-based principles were essential to ACA policy implementation. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to health care leadership, educational institutions, and other PCMH providers to develop competency-based training for social workers. Recommendations are also put forth to adapt social work curriculum to ensure the effective implementation of the principles of the ACA policy and to improve social work practice in PCMH health care settings.

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Coelho, Isabel Teresa Pinto. "Universalidade, equidade e integralidade de direitos: políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil do século XXI." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5651.

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A presente Dissertação centra-se no estudo da busca de um conceito amplo de saúde. Constata-se que a Doutrina Jurídica Sanitária não se preocupa com o real conteúdo da saúde, remetendo a conceituação para as leis e tratados internacionais, que também não o alcançam. Assim, foca o debate na questão da obrigatoriedade ou não das prestações de saúde pelo Estado, fundamentando-se, para tanto, na realidade do que é Judicializado. Tal modo de observar a saúde restringe o seu conteúdo, não se coadunando com o referido conceito amplo de saúde assegurado constitucionalmente. Revela-se, assim, uma incongruência entre a conceituação, que deve ser ampla, e o tratamento conferido pela Doutrina Jurídica acerca do direito à saúde, que o restringe. Por isso, recorreu-se à Doutrina da Medicina Social, a fim de se buscar a essência da saúde e, em conseqüência, possibilitar uma cincepção mais ampla. A saúde é entendida, então, como um direito social, fundamental e humano, cuja prestação efetiva é essencial para o bem estar dos cidadãos. Como pano de fundo teórico utiliza-se a vinculação do Estado a sua finalidade, que não pode ser outra, senão a felicidade genuína de seu povo.
This dissertation intends to study the search for a "broad concept of health". It appears that the Legal Sanitary Doctrine doesnt concern about the actual content of health and leaves it for international laws and treaties, which dont reach the broad concept aimed. Thus, the debate focuses on the question of whether or not the requirement for health services by the state, basing himself to do so, the reality of what is judicialized. This way of looking at health restricts its content and is not consistent with the aforementioned "broad concept of health" constitutionally guaranteed. It is, therefore, an incongruity between the concept, which should be ample, and the treatment given by the Legal Sanitary Doctrine, which restricts them. Therefore, we resorted to the Doctrine of Social Medicine, in order to find the essence of which is health and, consequently, its broad concept. Health is understood, then, as a social right, fundamental and human, whose actual provision is essential for the well being of citizens. As theoretical background, it uses the linking of the state to its purpose, which can not be other than the genuine happiness of his people.

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Berry, Melnee. "Academically Resistant Athletes: Victims of ACEs or Commodities of the System." Diss., NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/115.

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Fans of college sports embrace the idea of athletes playing sport and, in turn, receiving tuition scholarships that provide them an opportunity to trade athletic talent for a free education. A contradictory body of research using internal colonization theory posits that the trade of education for playing sports is not a fair exchange but is fraught with exploitation that continues to perpetuate subjugation. An accepted narrative in athletic competition is that the recruiting pipeline draws athletes from impoverished inner-city areas engaging young athletes who experience difficulties keeping up scholastically becoming academically resistant as they focus on their sport at the expense of their academics. Biopsychosocial and developmental neuroscience research recognizes outside social factors as variables that affect the development of the brain, thus influencing basic mechanical operations of specific brain structures. This dissertation breaks new ground by utilization of the 10-question Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Inventory to explore a possible relationship between ACE scores and Academic Resistance (AR), ACE scores and Locus of Control, and ACE scores and Identity Foreclosure. Using the T-test to determine a relationship between 194 participants’ ACE scores and AR, the findings showed the probability of Type I error of 5%, to be that the AR of student athletes with an ACE score >=2, n=94, to be significantly higher than the AR of student athletes with an ACE

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Danish, Farhan. "FOOD INSECURITY AMONG SOUTH ASIAN IMMIGRANT COMMUNITIES IN THE INLAND EMPIRE OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/891.

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Background: Food insecurity amongst South Asian Americans is a major public health issue. The South Asian American (SAA) community is the third largest Asian community in the United States. Despite this fact, very few specific studies have been conducted to investigate the food needs and barriers that exist within the SAA community so as to successfully help them improve dietary habits. Methods: This study utilized a mixed methods convergent parallel design, where both qualitative and quantitative methods were conducted and analyzed separately and compared and contrasted at the end. Results: The results of this study demonstrate that ethnic grocery stores were limited and scattered for the population to access them. Also, some ingredients used by the population were not available in general grocery stores and the pricing was considerably higher. Results of the focus group show that what was considered healthy in their home country would be expensive in the United States and thus switching to cheaper options in the new country was norm. Furthermore, cultural/religious appropriate food items were limited due to cost and often impacted participants’ dietary behavior. In addition to expense, the availability of ethnic-specific food ingredients was limited and/or would require significant travel to obtain them, and thus further contributed to change their dietary habits. Conclusion: The results of the study highlight the need for more interventions focusing on the food habits of the SAA population, in terms of availability of ingredients and accessibility to the ethnic grocery stores in the Inland Empire of Southern California.

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Ott, Kenneth Brad. "The Closure of New Orleans' Charity Hospital After Hurricane Katrina: A Case of Disaster Capitalism." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1472.

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Abstract Amidst the worst disaster to impact a major U.S. city in one hundred years, New Orleans’ main trauma and safety net medical center, the Reverend Avery C. Alexander Charity Hospital, was permanently closed. Charity’s administrative operator, Louisiana State University (LSU), ordered an end to its attempted reopening by its workers and U.S. military personnel in the weeks following the August 29, 2005 storm. Drawing upon rigorous review of literature and an exhaustive analysis of primary and secondary data, this case study found that Charity Hospital was closed as a result of disaster capitalism. LSU, backed by Louisiana state officials, took advantage of the mass internal displacement of New Orleans’ populace in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in an attempt to abandon Charity Hospital’s iconic but neglected facility and to supplant its original safety net mission serving the poor and uninsured for its neoliberal transformation to favor LSU’s academic medical enterprise.

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Yeh, Ching-Chung, and 葉慶仲. "AN OPTIMIZATION MODEL FOR MANPOWER ASSIGNMENT TO OFFICIAL AUDITING IN SANITARY AFFAIRS." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4f36hp.

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碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程學系碩士在職專班
96
The economy of our country grows vigorously in recent year. It makes the national income raised and the life style of society’s living changed. The concession related to sanitation is increasing constantly. The sanitary issue that people forgather in concession has an increasing drift. In order to insure the health of nationals, the officials have to enhance the auditing activities of various kinds of hygienic condition of concession. The arrangement of auditing manpower which was not an optimistic arrangement was usually made artificially in the pastime. The front office usually takes much time to deal with in the past as well. The most important issue that front office concerns is to keep the manpower arrangement optimistic and fair. We develop an optimistic manpower assignment’s model with the aid of computer programming to resolve the minimum working days of auditor and the combination of manpower assignment according to the study focusing on the sanitary auditing activities for the Sanitation Office. The susceptibility of the parameters act on the minimum working days help us to realize that the minimum working days change by the parameters have been setted in this model. After case studying, we find that the manpower assignment model is superior to artificial method. The results reveal that the optimistic model looks after benefit and fairness of manpower assignment. It can be the manpower assignment’s reference of officials in practice.

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Grayson, Ronald I. Ward Cheryl A. "Investigations into civil war medicine through some artifacts recovered from the U.S. Army transport Maple Leaf." 2004. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04132004-163322.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2004.
Advisor: Dr. Cheryl Ward, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Anthropology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 16, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

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Devnarain, Bhanumathi. "Poor access to water : the experiences of learners and educators within a rural primary school in Jozini, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2748.

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Water is an indispensable basic human need which is protected by several provisions within legislation. However, despite extensive legislation access to water is problematic for many rural schools in South Africa. The achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and national goals that are time bound are not possible with the structural barriers that loom. This research study, sketches the experiences of learners and educators who have been exposed to poor access to water within a rural primary school in Jozini, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This research study employs a qualitative research paradigm using a case study method to provide an in-depth understanding of the schooling context where there is poor access to water. The main aim was to explore in-depth how the schooling community is affected and what coping strategies are employed to deal with poor access to water. The research study was approached using ecological systems and social justice perspectives. Findings suggest that the consequences of poor access to water at school level are numerous and become even more complex when there is a lack of water at community level. In a compounding manner the consequences have the potential to, in the long term, have irreversible negative effects on learners and their potential to access quality education. Furthermore educators and management are placed in an invidious position to accommodate the challenges associated with poor access to water at school as part of their everyday teaching routine. Educators are failing to teach and learners are failing to learn thus the education system is rendered dysfunctional. The recommendations echo those of the participants who maintain that the community and the school must have access to water in order to improve the quality of life of all. Changes at the structural level in terms of how access to education is defined are a necessity. Co-operative governance, more stringent monitoring and evaluation of the education system, approaching education from a child-friendly perspective, adopting a human rights approach to fiscal spending and the involvement of chapter 9 institutions to ensure social justice are examples of the structural changes required and are part of the recommendations.
Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

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Jesus, João Vítor Fernandes de. "Abates sanitários de tuberculose bovina: um estudo retrospectivo (2011-2012)." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/5495.

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Orientação: Carlos Santos; co-orientação: Ricardo Assunção
A tuberculose bovina constitui um problema económico e de saúde pública relevante nos países subdesenvolvidos e apesar de actualmente os países desenvolvidos terem a doença controlada, isto só é possível devido à implementação de programas de controlo e erradicação. Esta dissertação pretende clarificar a situação actual de Portugal face à tuberculose bovina e aos programas de controlo e erradicação implementados. Foi elaborado um estudo estatístico com 1142 bovinos sujeitos a abate sanitário por tuberculose bovina em território português entre os anos de 2011 e 2012. Do total de 1142 animais abatidos, 523 (45,8%) apresentaram lesões à inspecção sanitária; desses, 296 (56,6%) apresentaram lesões apenas numa determinada região anatómica e 227 (43,3%) apresentaram lesões em duas ou mais regiões anatómicas reflectindo o grau de dispersão sistémica da doença. A média de lesões por animal foi de 2,24 lesões, sendo que este parâmetro foi inferior em animais mais jovens e superior em animais de idade mais avançada. Os linfonodos da cabeça e do tórax foram as localizações mais frequentes. Neste estudo houve uma predominância de bovinos do sexo feminino e das raças “Cruzado de carne”, Maronesa e Mirandesa.
Bovine tuberculosis is an economic problem and relevant public health in developing countries. Currently developed countries have controlled the disease due to the implementation of control and eradication programs. This study aims to clarify the current situation of Portugal against bovine tuberculosis control and eradication programs and implemented. For this purpose we designed a statistical study of a set of 1142 cattle submitted to sanitary slaughter due to bovine tuberculosis in Portuguese territory in the years 2011 and 2012. Among the 1142 animals slaughtered, 523 (45,8 %) presented lesions at sanitary inspection; from these, 296 (56,6 %) had lesions only in a particular anatomical region and 227 (43,3 %) had lesions in two or more anatomical regions, meaning that bovine tuberculosis was already spread by the body. The average number of lesions per animal, considering only animals that showed injuries to post-mortem inspection, was 2,24 , and this parameter was lower in young animals and higher in old animals. Lesions prevailed at the lymph nodes of the head and at the thorax. In this study there was a predominance of female cattle, “Crossbreed beef”, Maronesa and Mirandesa cattle breed.

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Aschenbach, geb Rosenthal Berit. "August Gottlob Theodor Leisering (1820-1892) – Professor der theoretischen Tierheilkunde und ordentliches Mitglied der Kommission für das Veterinärwesen im Königreich Sachsen." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A11313.

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Diese Dissertation ist die erste archivgestützte Darstellung des Lebens und Wirkens von August Gottlob Theodor LEISERING. In den ersten Kapiteln des Ergebnisteils wird auf seine berufliche Entwicklung und die von ihm durchlaufenen Einrichtungen eingegangen. Das Hauptaugenmerk der Arbeit liegt jedoch auf seiner Dresdener Zeit als Professor für theoretische Tierheilkunde an der dortigen Königlichen Tierarzneischule. Mit seiner Berufung nach Dresden im Jahre 1857 war auch die Stellung eines ordentlichen Mitgliedes der Kommission für das Veterinärwesen im Königreich Sachsen verbunden. Daraus ergaben sich für Leisering unterschiedliche Aufgabengebiete. Zum einen in der Position als Professor der theoretischen Tierheilkunde, in der er die Anatomie (Histologie, Physiologie und pathologische Anatomie eingeschlossen), Diätetik, Tierzucht und zeitweise Botanik sowie Arzneimittellehre unterrichtete. Weiterhin damit verbunden war die Leitung des Anatomischen Theaters, in dem für lange Zeit fast alle anfallenden Sektionen durchgeführt wurden, und der anatomischen Sammlung der Tierarzneischule. Zum anderen stellte die Kommission für das Veterinärwesen in Sachsen die Direktion der Tierarzneischule, die Aufsichtsbehörde über das tierärztliche Personal, die tierärztliche Prüfungsbehörde und die begutachtende und ausführende Behörde in Veterinärangelegenheiten dar. Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts ging Sachsen einen neuen Weg und reformierte das Veterinärwesen. Die Veterinärkommission war direkt dem Ministerium des Innern unterstellt und vom Medizinalwesen getrennt. Ab diesem Zeitpunkt wurden in Sachsen Tierärzte von Tierärzten ausgebildet, geprüft und beaufsichtigt. Um diesen Prozess auf rechtlich sichere Füße zu stellen, mussten neue Gesetze, Verordnungen, Ausführungsbestimmungen, Richtlinien usw. ausgearbeitet, eingeführt und deren Einhaltung überwacht werden. Auch das gehörte zu den Aufgaben der Kommission als oberste Behörde des sächsischen Veterinärwesens. Den Hauptteil der Kommissionsarbeit teilten die 3 ordentlichen Mitglieder untereinander auf. Jeder dieser zwei Aufgabenbereiche war für sich allein schon so umfangreich, dass zur Bewältigung beider Bereiche eine eiserne Arbeitsdisziplin nötig war. Die Grundlage für die vorgelegte Arbeit bildete das reichliche Material in den Archiven der Städte Dresden, Berlin und Jena sowie verschiedener Bibliotheken. Leider haben einige Archive durch Brände und durch Weltkriege Verluste erlitten. Als besonders bedauernswert sind die Verluste der Unterlagen im Archiv des Zoologischen Gartens zu Berlin und der Leopoldina in Halle an der Saale zu betrachten. Wichtige Lebensstationen nach dem Studium der Tierheilkunde (1839-43) waren LEISERINGs Arbeit als Kreistierarzt (1844-46), als Inspektor des Zoologischen Gartens zu Berlin (1846-52 mit der Unterbrechung 1850/51), seine Repetitorenzeit (1850/51, 1852-54) und die Zeit als Lehrer (1854-57) an der Berliner Tierarzneischule. Während seiner Kreistierarztzeit reichte er seine Dissertationsschrift „Über die Entozoen“ (1845) an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Jena ein, welche ihm 1846 den Grad eines Doktors der Philosophie verlieh. Aus seiner Inspektorenzeit stammt die beachtenswerte Veröffentlichung über seine Beobachtungen und die eines Wärters bei einer Kängurugeburt. Diese Beschreibung und die geäußerten Vermutungen kommen den heutigen Erkenntnissen darüber sehr nah. An der Königlichen Tierarzneischule zu Berlin hatte Leisering engen Kontakt zu seinem Lehrer und späteren Kollegen, dem berühmten Veterinäranatomen Gurlt. Wie Gurlt, so war auch Leisering später für seine präzise Sektionstechnik und für seine Studien, die vergleichende Anatomie betreffend, bekannt. Des Weiteren zeichnete er sich in seinen Versuchen durch eine wissenschaftliche Herangehensweise aus. Dies spiegelte sich auch in seinen Veröffentlichungen wieder. Die Abbildungen in seinen Büchern wurden für ihre Detailtreue und Plastizität gelobt. Seine Versuche sind logisch aufgebaut und gut durchdacht. Bei all seinen beschriebenen Versuchen strebte er nach eindeutigen Ergebnissen. Die große Bedeutung von Pferd und Rind in der damaligen Zeit in der Landwirtschaft und beim Militär spiegelte sich auch in der Tierheilkunde wieder. Leiserings Veröffentlichungen beschäftigten sich zu einem großen Teil mit den Krankheiten (z.B. Rinderpest, Perlsucht des Rindes, Rotz, Tollwut, parasitäre Erkrankungen) und mit der Anatomie dieser Tierarten („Der Fuß des Pferdes in Rücksicht auf Bau, Verrichtung und Hufbeschlag“, „Atlas der Anatomie des Pferdes und der übrigen Haustiere“, „Rindviehzucht“, „Handbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Haustiere“-5., 6. u. 7. Aufl.). Seine Bücher erreichten eine weite Verbreitung. Auch außerhalb des deutschsprachigen Raumes kann man sie heute noch in Bibliothekskatalogen finden. Eines seiner Werke, „Der Fuß der Pferdes in Rücksicht auf Bau, Verrichtung und Hufbeschlag“ erlebte insgesamt 13 Auflagen und diente dem Buch von Dollar und Wheatly „A handbook of Horse-Shoeing with introductory chapters on the anatomy and physiology of the Horse’s-Foot“ (1898) als Grund-lage. Leisering verfolgte mit Interesse Zenkers Entdeckung, den Übertragungsweg der Trichinen auf den Menschen durch den Genuss trichinenhaltigen Fleisches betreffend. Dank Zenker, sah er 1860 erstmals Trichinen im tierischen Fleisch und zwar in einem Stück des berühmten Schinkens. Bei seiner Trichinenforschung viel ihm später auf, dass sich besonders viele Trichinen in älteren Ratten befanden, welche aus Abdeckereien stammten. Auf sein Ersuchen hin wurden solche Untersuchungen auch in trichinenfreien Gebieten durchgeführt, und auch dort wurden in den Ratten Trichinen gefunden. Es lag also die Vermutung nahe, dass bei einigen Fleischzubereitungsformen die Trichinen sicher abgetötet wurden. Zusammen mit Haubner und Küchenmeister führte Leisering derartige Versuche an der Dresdener Tierarzneischule durch. Er war ein eher stiller und bescheidener Mensch. Leisering hatte sich schon zu Lebzeiten eine stille Beisetzung, frei von Schmuck und Blumendekorationen, gewünscht. Johne sagte auf der Beerdigung, das Leisering eine der ersten Stützen der tierärztlich-anatomischen Wissenschaft gewesen sei. Neben seiner wissenschaftlichen Arbeit beschäftigte sich Leisering auch mit den Fragen der tierärztlichen Ausbildung. So war er Mitglied einer derartigen Kommission auf dem 3. internationalen Tierärztekongress in Zürich (1865) und der Kommission für tierärztliche Prüfungsangelegenheiten im Reichskanzleramt (1878).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medicine and sanitary affairs'

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