Journal articles on the topic 'Medicinal plants – Australia'
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Kalt, F. R., and I. E. Cock. "The medicinal potential of Australian native plants from Toohey Forest, Australia." South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 28, no. 1 (2010): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sp10003.
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Eleven methanolic extracts of ten Australian native plants from Toohey Forest, Brisbane, Australia were investigated for their potential medicinal value as antibacterial agents. All plants showed some antibacterial activity against at least one of the bacteria tested. Alcaligenes faecalis, Aeromonas hydrophilia and Bacillus cereus were the most susceptible bacteria, being inhibited by 9, 9 and 10 of the plant extracts respectively. Davallia pyxidata and Marchantia polymorpha extracts were least effective, inhibiting the growth of only 1 or 2 bacteria respectively. Acrotriche aggregata, Petalostigma pubescens, Leptospermum trinervia and Planchonella queenslandica leaf extracts were particularly effective bacterial agents being capable of inhibiting the growth of 8 (57%), 10 (71%), 9 (64%) and 9 (64%) of the bacteria tested respectively. A. aggregata, P. pubescens and L. trinervia leaf extracts displayed low toxicity in the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay, confirming their potential as antibacterial agents for medicinal use.
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Laughlin, J. C. "EVALUATION OF SIX MEDICINAL CROP PLANTS IN TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA." Acta Horticulturae, no. 306 (May 1992): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.306.8.
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Simpson, Bradley S., David J. Claudie, Nicholas M. Smith, Ross A. McKinnon, and Susan J. Semple. "Learning from Both Sides: Experiences and Opportunities in the Investigation of Australian Aboriginal Medicinal Plants." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 16, no. 2 (June 11, 2013): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j31s4q.
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With one of the oldest surviving cultures in the world, Australian Aboriginal people have developed immense knowledge about the diverse Australian flora. Western scientific investigation of some Australian Aboriginal medicinal plants has demonstrated interesting pharmacological activities and chemistry, however the majority of these species have not yet been extensively examined. We argue that research that is locally initiated and driven by Indigenous traditional owners in collaboration with Western scientists has significant potential to develop new plant-based products. Locally driven medicinal plants research in which traditional owners work as researchers in collaboration with University-based colleagues in the investigation of medicines rather than “stakeholders” or “informants” is one model that may be used in characterising plants with the potential to be developed into sustainable plant-based medicinal products with commercial value. Our team has taken this approach in research located both on traditional homelands and in the laboratory. Research being conducted by the University of South Australia and Chuulangun Aboriginal Corporation has led to patent filing for protection of intellectual property associated with novel compounds and extracts with the potential for development through cosmetic, complementary medicine and pharmaceutical routes. Ongoing research is examining the commercial developmental pathways and requirements for product development in these spaces. This review will address the opportunities that might exist for working in partnership with Australian Indigenous communities, some of the scientific knowledge which has been generated so far from our work together and the lessons learnt since the inception of the collaboration between the Chuulangun Aboriginal Corporation and scientists from the University of South Australia.
This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
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Setzer, Mary C., William N. Setzer, Betsy R. Jackes, Glenn A. Gentry, and Debra M. Moriarity. "The Medicinal Value of Tropical Rainforest Plants from Paluma, North Queensland, Australia." Pharmaceutical Biology 39, no. 1 (January 2001): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/phbi.39.1.67.5944.
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Akter, Kaisarun, Emma C. Barnes, Joseph J. Brophy, David Harrington, Yaegl Community Elders, Subramanyam R. Vemulpad, and Joanne F. Jamie. "Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Medicinal Plants Used by Aboriginal People of New South Wales, Australia." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4683059.
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Aboriginal people of Australia possess a rich knowledge on the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of sores, wounds, and skin infections, ailments which impose a high global disease burden and require effective treatments. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities and phytochemical contents of extracts, obtained from eight medicinal plants used by Aboriginal people of New South Wales, Australia, for the treatment of skin related ailments, were assessed to add value to and provide an evidence-base for their traditional uses. Extracts ofAcacia implexa,Acacia falcata,Cassytha glabella,Eucalyptus haemastoma,Smilax glyciphylla,Sterculia quadrifida, andSyncarpia glomuliferawere evaluated. All extracts except that ofS. quadrifidashowed activity against sensitive and multidrug resistant strains ofStaphylococcus aureuswith minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 7.81 to 1000 μg/mL. The sap ofE. haemastomaand bark ofA. implexapossessed high total phenolic contents (TPC) and strong DPPH radical scavenging abilities. A positive correlation was observed between TPC and free radical scavenging ability. GC-MS analysis of then-hexane extract ofS. glomuliferaidentified known antimicrobial compounds. Together, these results support the traditional uses of the examined plants for the treatment of skin related ailments and infections by Aboriginal people of New South Wales, Australia.
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Ozkutlu, Faruk, Nazım Sekeroglu, Ufuk Koca, and Gizem Yazıcı. "Selenium Concentrations of Selected Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Turkey." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 10 (October 2011): 1934578X1100601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100601015.
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Recent scientific studies have proven the importance of trace elements on human health. The main food supplies are plants and animals, which are significant sources of these minerals. Studies on determining mineral compositions of herbs, spices and some other crops have increased all over the world. Published works revealed that spices, herbs and medicinal plants should be consumed to obtain beneficial trace elements. Selenium (Se), one of the most vital trace elements, has a significant role in human diet acting as a preventative agent against some serious illnesses. Despite numerous scientific works on mineral compositions of medicinal and aromatic plants, investigations of selenium content in these foods could not be successfully studied until recently due to the lack of suitable analytical methods for selenium analysis. Thus, publications on selenium concentrations of foods are recent. In this regard, selenium contents of some medicinal and aromatic plants commonly used as spices, herbal teas and traditional medicines in Turkey were studied in the present research. Selenium contents of the most used parts of these plants were analyzed by ICP-OES (Varian Vista-Pro, Australia). Of the analyzed 26 medicinal and aromatic plants, the highest Se concentration (1133 μg kg-1) was found in sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum L.) and the lowest in sumac ( Rhus coriaria L.) fruits (11 μg kg-1).
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Akhtar, Most A., Ritesh Raju, Karren D. Beattie, Frances Bodkin, and Gerald Münch. "Medicinal Plants of the Australian Aboriginal Dharawal People Exhibiting Anti-Inflammatory Activity." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2935403.
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Chronic inflammation contributes to multiple ageing-related musculoskeletal and neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. More recently, chronic neuroinflammation has been attributed to Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease and autism-spectrum and obsessive-compulsive disorders. To date, pharmacotherapy of inflammatory conditions is based mainly on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which in contrast to cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs do not influence the production of cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α or nitric oxide. However, their prolonged use can cause gastrointestinal toxicity and promote adverse events such as high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, and thrombosis. Hence, there is a critical need to develop novel and safer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs possessing alternate mechanism of action. In this study, plants used by the Dharawal Aboriginal people in Australia for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, for example, asthma, arthritis, rheumatism, fever, oedema, eye inflammation, and inflammation of bladder and related inflammatory diseases, were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. Ethanolic extracts from 17 Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) were assessed for their capacity to inhibit nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Eucalyptus benthamii showed the most potent nitric oxide inhibitory effect (IC50 5.57±1.4 µg/mL), whilst E. bosistoana, E. botryoides, E. saligna, E. smithii, E. umbra, and E. viminalis exhibited nitric oxide inhibition values between 7.58 and 19.77 µg/mL.
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Insanu M, Santoso F R C, and Fidrianny I. "A review of the phytochemical compounds and pharmacological activities from selected Ficus plants." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 21, 2020): 921–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4225.
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The Ficus genus belongs to the Moraceae family were used for medicinal purposes. Distributed in America, Asia, Africa, and Australia, there were sixteen species accepted in Indonesia. They were Ficus callosa, Ficus melinocarpa, Ficus elastica, Ficus drupaceae, Ficus geocarpa, Ficus Superba, Ficus heteropoda, Ficus fistulosa, Ficus hirta, Ficus ampelas, Ficus adenosperma, Ficus ardisioides, Ficus consociate, Ficus ribes, Ficus lyrata, Ficus virens Aiton. This article reviewed the scientific work of the Ficus genus. Their traditional usage, phytochemical compounds, and pharmacological activity were summarized. This study aims at providing a collection of publications on selected species of Ficus genus. A critical review of the literature data revealed secondary metabolite like triterpenoid, steroid, saponin, flavonoid, phenolic compound and alkaloid were found in some species of Ficus. Some pure compounds such as quercetin, quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside, epilupeol acetate, oleanolic acid, friedelin, elastiquinone, pinocembrin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, and ficusoside B were isolated. A wide range of pharmacological activities was observed. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, and antimalarial were found in previous researches. Ficus genus was potential to be developed as a medicinal plant.
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Zaman, S. U., K. Ali, W. Khan, M. Ali, T. Jan, and M. Nisar. "Ethno-botanical and geo-referenced profiling of medicinal plants of Nawagai Valley, District Buner (Pakistan)." Biosystems Diversity 26, no. 1 (February 25, 2018): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011809.
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The prime objective of the research was to list the important ethnomedicinal plants of Nawagai village, District Buner. During the survey, 44 plant species from 27 families were observed and collected from the targeted area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Lamiaceae members were the most dominant (54%) followed by members of Asteraceae (30%), Poaceae (18%) and Solanaceae (12%). Relevant information such as field data, GPS coordinates family names, local names, therapeutic uses and plant habits were recorded for each species. For preservation purposes, specimens were mounted on herbarium sheets, and identified with the help of flora of Pakistan, flora of Australia and other relevant floristic records. During this research work all the collected specimens were preserved in the (BG&H, UOM) Botanical Garden and Herbarium, the data were also provided to the Department of Botany, University of Malakand Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Foley, Paul. "Duboisia myoporoides: The Medical Career of a Native Australian Plant." Historical Records of Australian Science 17, no. 1 (2006): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr06001.
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Alkaloids derived from solanaceous plants were the subject of intense investigations by European chemists, pharmacologists and clinicians in the second half of the nineteenth century. Some surprise was expressed when it was discovered in the 1870s that an Australian bush, Duboisia myoporoides, contained an atropine-like alkaloid, 'duboisine'. A complicated and colourful history followed. Duboisine was adopted in Australia, Europe and the United States as an alternative to atropine as an ophthalmologic agent; shortly afterwards, it was also esteemed as a potent sedative in the management of psychiatric patients, and as an alternative to other solanaceous alkaloids in the treatment of parkinsonism. The Second World War led to renewed interest in Duboisia species as sources of scopolamine, required for surgical anaesthesia and to manage sea-sickness, a major problem in the naval part of the war. As a consequence of the efforts of the CSIR and of Wilfrid Russell Grimwade (1879-1955), this led to the establishment of plantations in Queensland that today still supply the bulk of the world's raw scopolamine. Following the War, however, government support for commercial alkaloid extraction waned, and it was the interest of the German firm Boehringer Ingelheim and its investment in the industry that rescued the Duboisia industry in the mid-1950s, and that continues to maintain it at a relatively low but stable level today. 'It is to be regretted that scientific men in this colony have paid so little attention to the subject of Medicinal Botany. Surrounded, as we are, by shrubs and plants possessing medicinal properties, there is a wide field for investigation; and, no doubt, it will be found in time to come, that we have been sending to distant countries for expensive medicines, whilst remedies equally efficacious might be provided close at hand in all their native freshness.' William Woolls, A Contribution to the Flora of Australia (1867), p. 94.
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Oke, R. A., O. O. Adetola, Y. T. Owoeye, N. N. Akemien, B. O. Adaaja, V. R. Bakpolor, and M. O. Murtala. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE OF EUCALYPTUS TREES: A CRITICAL REVIEW." Global Prosperity 2, no. 1 (July 25, 2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46489/gpj.2021-1-2-3.
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Pollution is a great issue of the environment that is gaining global attention currently because industrial development has disturbed the ecosystem of the world and depleting the ozone. It has resulted in global warming and increased the temperature, which has changed the climate at different levels globally. According to a world report, about 25% of forest land is required for ecosystem favourability. There are so many trees which are grown in the world. Among these trees, Eucalyptus is very popular and was first grown in Australia. This plant has both economic and health benefits. Pharmacologists converted this plant into medicine for different health disease control in the world. Essential Oil squeezed from the leaf and bark of the tree and leaves also possess great benefits. The well-known diseases are blood pressure, diabetes, Arthritis, plague, Cough etc., while it is also used for mosquitoes, termites, and white ants control. The plant also has its disadvantage; it decreases the water table and disturbs the tube well system. Those plants need much water, so they compete with other plants in the area and affect the size of the plant. The major objective was to review the socio-economic and medicinal value of the eucalyptus tree. Total 19 articles were downloaded from the net and reviewed in depth. The result indicates that the Eucalyptus tree has many socio-economic and medicinal values
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Shukla, Abha, and Amanpreet Kaur. "A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF TRADITIONAL USES BIOACTIVE PHYTOCONSTITUENTS OF GENUS EHRETIA." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 6 (June 7, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.25178.
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The plants of the genus Ehretia composed of about 150 species mainly distributed in tropical Asia, Africa, Australia, and North America. They have been used as traditional and folk medicines to treat various ailments in Japan, India, and China for a long time. Previous phytochemical screenings demonstrated that the Ehretia plants mainly contain fatty acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, cyanogenetic glycosides, and benzoquinones and other constituents from different chemical classes. The pharmacological studies confirmed that the crude extracts or individual compounds from the genus showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiarthritic, antitubercular, and antiallergic activities, as well as anti-snake venom property. In this review, we presented a summary of the secondary metabolites isolated from different species of Ehretia based on the published literatures up to March 2017. In addition to the traditional medicinal use of Ehretia plants, we focused on the known biological activities of the plants and discussed them in detail here.
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Zaleta-Pinet, Diana, Adam McCluskey, Sharron Hall, Joseph Brophy, Chris Ashhurst-Smith, Jennette Sakoff, and Ian van Altena. "The Use of the Toxic Plant Myoporum montanum in a Traditional Australian Aboriginal Medicine." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 2 (2016): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch15586.
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Plants from the family Myoporaceae, which includes the genus Myoporum, are extremely prized by the Australian Aboriginal people for their medicinal properties. Leaves from a plant, which was subsequently identified as Myoporum montanum, were provided for chemical investigation by representatives of an Aboriginal community from the Northern Tablelands district of northern New South Wales, Australia. Acetone extraction of the leaves provided a complex mixture of compounds including sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and more polar furanosesquiterpenes, which were identified by gas–liquid chromatography and retention indices (sesquiterpene hydrocarbons) and spectrometric techniques (furanosesquiterpenes). The major compounds found in a water extract were studied for their antibacterial activity using a disc diffusion assay and for their cell growth inhibition activity. The acetone extract contained sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (~30 % of the total extract) in which the major compounds were germacrene-D and bicyclogermacrene. In addition, the extract contained five known toxic furanosesquiterpenes: myoporum ketol, (–)-10,11-dehydroisomyodesmone, (+)-10,11-dehydromyodesmone, 10,11-dehydromyoporum ketol, (–)-10,11-dehydromyoporone, and (±)-myoporone. An aqueous extract of the leaves, emulating the medicinal tea used by the Australian Aboriginal community, was found not to contain significant quantities of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and the most toxic furanosesquiterpenes. (±)-Myoporone and (–)-10,11-dehydromyoporone remained in the extract as well as a new furanosesquiterpene, 11-hydroxymyoporone. These three compounds were found to have significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Moraxella catarrhalis but low cytotoxicity against a range of cancer cell lines and normal breast cells at 25 µM.
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Packer, Joanne, Nynke Brouwer, David Harrington, Jitendra Gaikwad, Ronald Heron, Yaegl Community Elders, Shoba Ranganathan, Subramanyam Vemulpad, and Joanne Jamie. "An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the Yaegl Aboriginal community in northern New South Wales, Australia." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 139, no. 1 (January 2012): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.008.
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Pirker, Heidemarie, Ruth Haselmair, Elisabeth Kuhn, Christoph Schunko, and Christian R. Vogl. "Transformation of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants: the case of Tyroleans (Austria) who migrated to Australia, Brazil and Peru." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 8, no. 1 (2012): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-8-44.
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Alom, Shahnaz, Dolly Kalita, Jesminara Ahmed, Kaifur Rahman, Manyajyoti Boruah, Murchana Sarmah, Nikusmita Das, and Farak Ali. "Phytochemistry, Ethnobotany and Pharmacological Uses of Tinospora cordifolia with Special Reference to SARS-COV-2." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 11 (2022): 2786–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23970.
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Medicinal plants or medicinal herbs possess therapeutic properties or exert beneficial pharmacological effects on human. From time immemorial, people have been using various medicinal plants without even knowing their phytochemistry and pharmacological properties as a medicine for treating numerous ailments. As technology developed and upgraded, people used to screen out various phytoconstituents as well as evaluate their basic pharmacological properties. Tinospora cordifolia is a medicinal herb which is commonly known as Giloy belong to family menispermaceae. It can also be found in places like Africa, China, South-East Asia, Indo-Malaya region and Australia. Traditionally, people use this herb as prominent food materials due to their higher nutraceutical value and various healing properties. For phytochemical investigation, extraction of whole plant is preferable whereas most of the phytochemical are found to be present in leaves. Various potent phytochemicals are found in this herb such as tinosponone, tinocordiside, tinosporaside, cordifoliside, β-sitosterol, mekisterone A, etc. which are belong to class of alkaloids, sesquiterpenoids, glycosides, steroids, volatile oil, etc. Owing to the presence of these potent compounds, it exhibits wide range of large number of pharmacological activities such as antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer activities, etc. In past two years, SARS-CoV-2 infections has taken life of millions of people across the globe and there were no any vaccine or proper antiviral medicine available to defend this deadly pandemic, hence people were mostly relying on herbal plant therapy. Giloy is one such magical herb which exhibit healing properties in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Moreover, in-silico studies have been carried out to determine the binding affinity as well as inhibiting potential of various phytoconstituents of giloy. In this review work, we compiled all the updated information about T. cordifolia as well as emphasizing more on SARS-CoV-2 inhibiting potential.
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Chi, Sensen, Gaimei She, Dan Han, Weihua Wang, Zhao Liu, and Bin Liu. "GenusTinospora: Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9232593.
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The genusTinosporaincludes 34 species, in which several herbs were used as traditional medicines by indigenous groups throughout the tropical and subtropical parts of Asia, Africa, and Australia. The extensive literature survey revealedTinosporaspecies to be a group of important medicinal plants used for the ethnomedical treatment of colds, headaches, pharyngitis, fever, diarrhea, oral ulcer, diabetes, digestive disorder, and rheumatoid arthritis. Indian ethnopharmacological data points to the therapeutic potential of theT.cordifoliafor the treatment of diabetic conditions. WhileTinosporaspecies are confusing in individual ingredients and their mechanisms of action, the ethnopharmacological history of those plants indicated that they exhibit antidiabetic, antioxidation, antitumor, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, antiosteoporosis, and immunostimulation activities. While the clinical applications in modern medicine are lacking convincing evidence and support, this review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicities of the genusTinosporato reveal its therapeutic potentials and gaps, offering opportunities for future researches.
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Silva, Fernanda Liliane De Araújo, Rinalda Araújo Guerra de Oliveira, and Ednaldo Cavalcante de Araújo. "Use of medicinal plants by the elders at a family health estrategy." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 2, no. 1 (February 7, 2008): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.400-11163-1-le.0201200802.
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ABSTRACTThis study about medicinal plants was done at a Santo Antônio’s aged group in the Family’s Health Estrategy in Pedras de Fogo city — Paraíba (PB), Brasil, with the purpose to rescue the popular’s medicine traditions, valuing the acquired experiences, evaluating the risks and the benefits of its use and extending the therapeutically resources in the health primary attention with the interchange, between knowing scientific and popular creating a book of region own prescriptions. The data were collects through a questionnaire that focused questions about plants origin, way of obtaining one, cultivating one, therapeutic indications, preparation way and of using. Amongst the 50 more used plants medicinal, ten had been cited: Capim-santo (Cymbopogan citratus (DC.) Stapf.), Hortelã-da-folha-miúda (Mentha x villosa Huds), Erva-Cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E Br,), Hortelã-da-folha-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus Lour (Spreng)), Louro (Laurus nobilis L.), Babosa (Aloe barbadenses Mill), Colônia (Alpinia speciosa Schum), Sabugueiro (Sambucus australis Cham et Schelecht), Chachambá (Justicia pectoralis Jack) and Erva-doce (Pimpinella anisum L), which by means of consulted literature would can be part of the therapeutical armory of the Health Family Estrategies at Pedras de Fogo. Descriptors: aged; plants medicinal; knowledge.RESUMOEstudo descritivo exploratório, com o objetivo principal de investigar as plantas medicinais cultivadas e usadas pelos idosos cadastrados na Estratégia Saúde da Família Santo Antônio do município de Pedras de Fogo — Paraíba (PB), Brasil. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado um formulário contemplando questões acerca da origem das plantas, modo de obtenção, cultivo, indicações terapêuticas, modo de preparo e de uso. Foi montado um banco de dados para análise dos dados que revelaram, dentre as 50 plantas medicinais mais usadas, dez foram as mais citadas: Capim-santo (Cymbopogan citratus (DC.) Stapf.), Hortelã-da-folha-miúda (Mentha x villosa Huds), Erva-cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E Br,), Hortelã-da-folha-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus Lour (Spreng)), Louro (Laurus nobilis L.), Babosa (Aloe barbadenses Mill), Colônia (Alpinia speciosa Schum), Sabugueiro (Sambucus australis Cham et Schelecht), Chachambá (Justicia pectoralis Jack) e Erva-doce (Pimpinella anisum L), as quais, mediante a literatura consultada, poderão fazer parte do arsenal terapêutico das Estratégias Saúde da Família do Município de Pedras de Fogo. Descritores: idosos; plantas medicinais; conhecimento.RESUMENEste estudio sobre las plantas medicinales fue hecho con los ancianos registrados en las Estratégias Salud de la Familia Santo Antônio, en la ciudad de Pedras de Fogo — Paraíba (PB), Brasil, con el propósito de rescatar las tradiciones populares de la medicina, valorando las experiencias adquiridas, evaluando los riesgos y las ventajas de su uso y extendiendo los recursos terapéuticos en la atención primaria de la salud con el intercambio, entre saber científico y popular creando un libro de la región para poseer prescripciones. Los datos fueran recogidos a través de un instrumento que enfocó preguntas sobre el origen de las plantas, manera de obtener las plantas, cultivo, las indicaciones terapéuticas, manera de preparación y el uso. Entre las 50 plantas medicinales más usadas, diez fueron las más citadas: Capim-santo (Cymbopogan citratus (DC.) Stapf.), Hortelã-da-folha-miúda (Mentha x villosa Huds), Erva-cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E Br,), Hortelã-da-folha-grossa (Plectranthus amboinicus Lour (Spreng)), Louro (Laurus nobilis L.), Babosa (Aloe barbadenses Mill), Colônia (Alpinia speciosa Schum), Sabugueiro (Sambucus australis Cham et Schelecht), Chachambá (Justicia pectoralis Jack) e Erva-doce (Pimpinella anisum L); las cuales mediante la literatura consultada podrán ser parte del arsenal terapéutico de las Estratégias Salud de la Familia de Pedras de Fogo. Descritores: ancianos; plantas medicinales; conocimiento.
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Romano, Luigi, and Arno Hazekamp. "An Overview of Galenic Preparation Methods for Medicinal Cannabis." Current Bioactive Compounds 15, no. 2 (March 12, 2019): 174–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573407214666180612080412.
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In recent years, the Cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) has been rediscovered as a source of new medicines around the world. Despite the fact that a number of registered medicines have been developed on the basis of purified cannabis components, there is a rapid increasing acceptance and use of cannabis in its herbal form. Licensed producers of high quality cannabis plants now operate in various countries including The Netherlands, Canada, Israel, and Australia, and in many US states. The legal availability of cannabis flowers allows to prescribe and prepare different cannabis galenic preparations by pharmacists. It is believed that synergy between cannabis components, known as “entourage effect”, may be responsible for the superior effects of using herbal cannabis versus isolated compounds. So far, only a few cannabis components have been properly characterized for their therapeutic potential, making it unclear which of the isolated compounds should be further developed into registered medicines. Until such products become available, simple and accessible galenic preparations from the cannabis plant could play an important role. In cannabis, phytochemical and pharmacological attention has been attributed mainly to four major cannabinoids (Δ9- tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabigerol and cannabichromene) and to terpene components. This means a basic knowledge of these compounds and their bioavailability in different administration forms is useful for producers as well as prescribers of galenic preparations. This work will outline the most important aspects of cannabinoids and terpenes, and their behaviors during preparation and use of various administration forms including vaporizing, cannabis oils and extracts, tea, and skin creams.
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Sultana, Razia, Mohammad Mostafa Mohsin Milon, Md Abdul Kader, Shumaia Parvin, and GM Masud Parvez. "Trewia nudiflora: A potential source of new drugs." Journal of Phytopharmacology 11, no. 6 (December 20, 2022): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11608.
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Medicinal plants have long history of being using as traditional medicines in almost every corner of the earth. Various chemical constituents of the plant are responsible for the activities. The plant Trewia nudiflora, belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is found abundantly in South Asia and Eastern Australia. Almost all parts of the plant such as root, stem bark, leaf, fruit and seed possess bioactive chemical constituents. The major chemical constituents are taraxerone, betasitosterol, nudiflorine, trewiasine, dehydrotrewiasine and maytanbutine. Although various parts of the plant have potential activity against cancer, tuberculosis, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and antimicrobial activities, but many activities like diabetes, arthritis, analgesic, anticoagulant has not yet been studied. So, this plant could be a potential source for the future research.
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Feng, Lu, and Fariba Noedoost. "Genetic diversity and relationships among Glaucium (Papaveraceae) species by ISSR Markers: A high value medicinal plant." Caryologia 74, no. 4 (March 8, 2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-1337.
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Glaucium Mill. (horned poppy), belonging to the family Papaveraceae, is represented by a total of 25 species worldwide, and especially distributed throughout Western, Northern and Eastern Asia, Europe, Northern Africa, and Australia. As a country, Iran harbors relatively more species of the genus Glaucium (11-13 species) and hence, this country is considered as the hot spot of the genus. As a result, we conducted a molecular analysis of the data for this genus due to the relevance of these species of plants. We employed 75 plants from seven species and seven provinces that were randomly picked for this investigation. Five primers were used to amplify genomic DNA, yielding 78 bands, 73 of which were polymorphic (97.78%). ISSR primers have a great capability to recognise polymorphic loci among Glaucium species, as evidenced by the high average PIC and MI values obtained. The genetic similarity of seven samples was calculated to be between 0.77 and 0.92. Glaucium corniculatum var. corniculatum and Glaucium elegans var. elegans showed the lowest similarity, while Glaucium oxylobum and Glaucium grandiflorum had the highest similarity, according to Inter-Simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers analysis. The following are the study’s goals: 1) Is it possible to identify Glaucium species using ISSR markers? 2) In Iran, how are these taxa genetically structured? 3) what is the inter-species relationship? According to this study, ISSR markers can be utilized to distinguish species.
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Mayo, Gwenda M., and Peter Langridge. "Modes of reproduction in Australian populations of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) revealed by DNA fingerprinting and cytological methods." Genome 46, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-038.
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Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) is widely used in homeopathic medicine, but has also become a serious weed in Australia and many other countries. Reproduction in H. perforatum was investigated using markers based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Between two Australian populations, plants displayed 14 polymorphisms from a total of 22 scorable RFLP markers when genomic DNA was probed with M13 bacteriophage, but individuals within each population exhibited identical RFLP fingerprints. Ninety-four percent of the progeny of four crosses made between the two populations exhibited identical fingerprint and ploidy level to the maternal parent, and probably originated apomictically. Seven seedlings with recombinant RFLP or AFLP fingerprints were found from a total of 121 progeny. Both molecular marker techniques detected the same recombinants from a subset of screened progeny. Cytological analysis showed that the seven recombinants comprised three tetraploids (2n = 4x = 32), three hexaploids (2n = 6x = 48), and one aneuploid (2n 1 = 31), which suggested that the level of normal reduced embryo sacs was only 2.5%. These results are discussed in relation to the management of invasive populations, and the implications for plant breeding and production of St. John's wort for medicinal purposes. Key words: Hypericum perforatum, apomixis, DNA fingerprint, RFLP, AFLP.
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Alipia, T. T., D. A. J. Teulon, M. G. Cromey, A. T. Marsh, and S. L. H. Viljanen-Rollinson. "Impact of Puccinia psidii on M257;ori taonga plant species." New Zealand Plant Protection 67 (January 8, 2014): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5765.
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Myrtle rust caused by the pathogen Puccinia psidii sensu lato is a disease of species in the plant family Myrtaceae that is not found in New Zealand It originates in South America but it has steadily spread around the world and is now found in Australia and New Caledonia While the potential economic and environmental impact of myrtle rust establishment in New Zealand has been well documented the potential sociocultural consequences including those for M257;ori have not All New Zealand Myrtaceae species including indigenous species are at risk from P psidii infection but the potential impact on their health is not known All indigenous Myrtaceae species can be considered as Taonga (or treasure) by M257;ori who have utilised the properties (eg spiritual medicinal construction tools food) of some species in many ways both tangible and intangible Optimally preparedness and response plans for a myrtle rust incursion in New Zealand should consider the unique spiritual and other values that M257;ori associate with these plants
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Sharma, Sonali. "Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Bark Extracts of Ficus glomerata (Gular), a Lactiferous Deciduous Tree from Indian Origin." Journal of Drug Discovery and Development 5, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2581.6861.202103.
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Medicinal plants have been used as traditional treatments for various kinds of human diseases for thousands of years. Ficus glomerata is an evergreen moderate to large sized spreading lactiferous, deciduous tree 15-18m high found in throughout the warmer part of Asia, Africa, America and Australia. It is often cultivated round villages in India for its edible fruit. The aim of the current study was to screen the various phytoconstituents from three different solvents viz ethanol, hydroalcohol and aqueous extracts of bark of Ficus glomerata. By using standard procedure these three different solvents extracts were subjected for qualitative phytochemical screening. It was found that bark extracts of this plant contains various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, triterpenoids and steroids. Resulting data from phytochemical testing of three different extracts of bark of Ficus glomerata may be serve as a tool for the quality control of drug in future prospect, for the cure of diverse disease conditions.
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Gaurav Singh and Krishanu Samanta. "Preliminary physico – phytochemical and phytocognostical evaluation of the leaves parts and evaluation of herbal ointment using leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. Leaf extract." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 14, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.14.2.0448.
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Herbal plants are huge sources of neutraceuticals, prevent the different disease or maintain healthy life. Plant produces primary metabolites for their basic survival and secondary metabolites for their ecological, taxonomical and biochemical differentiation and diversity. Achyranthes aspera L. (Family Amaranthaceae) are broadly used in traditional system of medicine throughout different part of India, South Andaman Island, Pacific Island, Baluchistan, Tropical Asia, America, and Australia. It has great medicinal importance like to stomach tonic, diuretic, laxative, anthelmintic, anti hyperlipidemic, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, hypoglycemic, anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic etc. The study of diseases and their treatment are important part of our ancient time worldwide. The knowledge of medicinal plants must have been accumulated in the course of many centuries. Herbal medicine prepare different part of plant are used. Herbal drug is design as the alternative formulation for the external use in the form of ointment. For the clinical use the herbal ointment apply externally on human body. The main aims of this research are Preliminary physico–phytochemical & phytocognostical evaluation of the leaves parts and preparation of herbal ointment from the Achyranthes aspera. Achyranthes aspera L. plants used as antibacterial activity. Under this research work, it is design as herbal ointment with the help of Ethanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera and determines the anti-bacterial capacity on it. In vitro study the antibacterial activity of the Ethanolic extracts of dried leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. are determine by using the Agar cup plate method versus different bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc. By blending the Ethanolic extract of Achyranthes aspera L. (10 % w/w) into aqueous cream we formulated herbal ointment. The emulsifying agent and simple ointment bases are added in above herbal ointment for increase the antibacterial effectiveness during in vitro evaluation. The current study deals with the characterization of morphological features, determination of physical constant such as the total cash value, water soluble ash value were 11.25%, 5.25% respectively. Loss of weight drying was 12.9%, foaming index>100, swelling index were1.5cm, the percent yield for petroleum ether 5.25%, chloroform 6.34%, ethanol 7.65%, and aqueous 8.35%, and determination of formulation and evaluation of herbal ointment using Achyranthes aspera L. leave extract.
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Yuniarni U, Sukandar E Y, and Fidrianny I. "A perspective review of phytochemistry and pharmacology of the Syzygium genus." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 2 (May 26, 2021): 1490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i2.4722.
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Syzygium is a genus of the Myrtaceae family consisting of large and widespread species from Africa, Asia, Australia, and throughout Oceania and the Pacific region. Some have been cultivated for bearing fruit, ornamental plants and used as traditional medicine. This article excavated Syzygium genus which was focused on traditional uses, chemical compounds and biological activities related to treatment of syndrome metabolic. All information was obtained from the scientific literature such as Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed. Several species were known to have therapeutic potential and used in traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurveda, and herbal medicine in Indonesia. Traditionally, Syzygium is known for its therapeutic purposes such as coughing, diarrhea, colds, dysentery, inflammation, pain, skin, and mouth infections. Only a few species have been scientifically studied to verify their usage as traditional medicine. There were many reports on the traditional uses and medicinal effects of Syzygium plants, but only a few review articles mainly about phytochemical constituents and their role in pharmacological activities. The present reviews highlight the phytochemical and pharmacological activity of various species of the Syzygium genus. The pharmacological activities were discussed in this article focused to metabolic syndrome treatment, such as antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant and antihypertensive activities. Chemical components isolated mainly flavonoid, terpenoids/sesquiterpenoid, sterols, and lignan. Several bioactive compounds have been identified correlated with pharmacological activity, but the chemical compounds were different for each species.
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Al Kazman, Bassam S. M., Joanna E. Harnett, and Jane R. Hanrahan. "Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Annonacae." Molecules 27, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 3462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113462.
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In 1789, the Annonaceae family was catalogued by de Jussieu. It encompasses tropical and subtropical plants which are widespread in distribution across various continents such as Asia, South and Central America, Australia and Africa. The genus of Annona is one of 120 genera of the Annonaceae family and contains more than 119 species of trees and shrubs. Most species are found in tropical America, where over 105 species have been identified. Due to its edible fruits and medicinal properties, Annona is the most studied genus of Annonaceae family. To date, only a limited number of these species have economic value, including A. squamosa L. (sugar apple), A. cherimola Mill. (Cherimoya), A. muricata L. (guanabana or soursop), A. atemoya Mabb. (atemoya), a hybrid between A. cherimola and A. squamosa, A. reticulata L. (custard apple), A. glabra L. (pond-apple) and A. macroprophyllata Donn. Sm. (ilama). Phytochemically, several classes of secondary metabolites, including acetogenins, essential oils, alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids. The pharmacological activities of Annona species leaves and seeds include antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Robertovna, Garsiya Ekaterina, Konovalov Dmitryi Alexeevich, Shamilov Arnold Alexeevich, Glushko Margarita Petrovna, and Orynbasarova Kulpan Kenzhebaevna. "A Traditional Medicine Plant, Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae): Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Research." Plants 8, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8020040.
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For many years, plants have been used in the traditional medicine of different cultures. The biennial plant of the family Asteraceae, Onopordum acanthium L., also known as Scotch thistle, is used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and cardiotonic agent. The plant is widespread in the world; it grows in Europe and Asia and was introduced to America and Australia. Stems and buds of the first-year plant are used in cooking as an analogue of artichoke in European cuisine. Additionally, inflorescences contain a complex of proteolytic enzymes “onopordosin”, which may be used as a milk-clotting agent in the dairy industry. The chemical composition of the aerial part and roots of O. acanthium is represented by flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans, triterpenoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and sterols. The anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and cardiotonic properties of the plant have been confirmed by pharmacological experiments with extracts and individual compounds using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo methods. This work is a review of information on the chemical composition and pharmacological studies of O. acanthium as a promising medicinal plant.
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Tseng, Y. W., W. L. Deng, C. J. Chang, C. C. Su, C. L. Chen, and F. J. Jan. "First Report of a 16SrII-A Subgroup Phytoplasma Associated with Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) Witches'-Broom Disease in Taiwan." Plant Disease 96, no. 4 (April 2012): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-11-0888.
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Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), widely grown as an ornamental and medicinal plant, is a perennial flowering plant that is native to eastern North America. In July 2011, symptoms indicative of phytoplasma disease, including floral virescence, phyllody, and witches'-broom (WB), were observed to be affecting plants in coneflower fields in Wufeng, Taichung City, Taiwan. Incidence of infected plants was estimated to be greater than 90% within a single field. Phytoplasmas previously associated with purple coneflower WB disease have all been classified as aster yellows group (16SrI) strains (GenBank Accession Nos. EU333395, AY394856, EU416172, and EF546778) except for pale purple coneflower (Echinacea pallida) WB in Australia, which was identified as a subgroup 16SrII-D member (2). Three diseased plants were uprooted and transplanted in a greenhouse for further study. Transmission electron microscopy revealed clusters of phytoplasma cells ranging from 170 to 490 nm in diameter in phloem sieve elements of virescent and phylloid flowers and stems from diseased plants. Comparable tissues from symptomless plants were devoid of phytoplasma. Total DNA was extracted from plant tissue samples (50 to 100 mg each) including stems, leaves, and flowers by a modified CTAB method (1) from three symptomatic plants as well as from three asymptomatic coneflower plants seedlings. Analyses by a nested PCR using universal primer pairs P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 were performed to detect putative phytoplasma (2). Each primer pair amplified a single PCR product of either 1.8 or 1.2 kb, respectively, from diseased plant tissues only. The nested PCR products (1.2 kb) amplified from phylloid flowers of the three diseased plants were cloned separately and sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. JN885460, JN885461, and JN885462). Blast analysis of the sequences revealed a 99.7 to 99.8% sequence identity with those of Echinacea WB phytoplasma strain EWB5 and EWB6 (GenBank Accession Nos. JF340076 and JF340080), which reportedly belonged to the 16SrII-D subgroup (2). Moreover, iPhyClassifier software (3) was used to perform sequence comparison and generate the virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profile. The 16S rDNA sequences share a 99.4 to 99.5% similarity with that of the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasiae’ reference strain (Y10097) and the RFLP patterns are identical to that of the 16SrII-A subgroup. Taken together, these results indicated that the phytoplasma infecting purple coneflower in Taiwan is a ‘Ca. Phytoplasma australasiae’-related strain and belongs to the 16SrII-A subgroup. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a 16SrII-A subgroup phytoplasma causing WB disease on purple coneflower in Taiwan. The occurrence of phytoplasma on purple coneflower could have direct implication for the economically important ornamental, medicinal plant, and floral industry in Taiwan, especially to the growers and breeders that eagerly promote the purple coneflower industry. References: (1) T. M. Fulton et al. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 13:207, 1995. (2) T. L. Pearce et al. Plant Dis. 95:773, 2011. (3) Y. Zhao et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2582, 2009.
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Haselmair, Ruth, Heidemarie Pirker, Elisabeth Kuhn, and Christian R. Vogl. "Personal networks: a tool for gaining insight into the transmission of knowledge about food and medicinal plants among Tyrolean (Austrian) migrants in Australia, Brazil and Peru." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 10, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-10-1.
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Madrigal-Santillán, Eduardo, Jacqueline Portillo-Reyes, Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar, Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Paola Mercado-Gonzalez, Jeannett Izquierdo-Vega, Nancy Vargas-Mendoza, et al. "Opuntia genus in Human Health: A Comprehensive Summary on Its Pharmacological, Therapeutic and Preventive Properties. Part 1." Horticulturae 8, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020088.
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Opuntia spp. is a diverse and widely distributed genus in Africa, Asia, Australia, and America. Mexico has the largest number of wild species; mainly O. streptacantha, O. hyptiacantha, O. albicarpa, O. megacantha and O. ficus-indica. The latter being the most cultivated and domesticated species. Throughout history, plants and their phytochemicals have played an important role in health care and Opuntia spp. has shown a high nutritional, medicinal, pharmaceutical, and economic impacts. Its main bioactive compounds include pigments (carotenoids, betalains and betacyanins), vitamins, flavonoids (isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin) and phenolic compounds. Together, they favor the different plant parts and are considered phytochemically important and associated with control, progression and prevention of some chronic and infectious diseases. This first review (Part 1), compiles information from published research (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies) on its preventive effects against atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity, hepatoprotection, effects on human infertility and chemopreventive and/or antigenotoxic capacity. The aim is to provide scientific evidences of its beneficial properties and to encourage health professionals and researchers to expand studies on the pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Opuntia spp.
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Pearce, T. L., J. B. Scott, and S. J. Pethybridge. "First Report of a 16SrII-D Subgroup Phytoplasma Associated with Pale Purple Coneflower Witches'-Broom Disease in Australia." Plant Disease 95, no. 6 (June 2011): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-11-0155.
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Pale purple coneflower, Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt., is an herbaceous perennial cultivated for its ornamental and medicinal properties. In 2005, phytoplasma-like symptoms, including virescence, phyllody, and chlorotic leaves, were first observed in coneflower fields in northern Tasmania, Australia. During the 2010–2011 growing season, the incidence of affected plants was estimated to be 12% within a single field. Total DNA was extracted from symptomatic plants with a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN Inc., Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. DNA was also extracted, as described above, from asymptomatic coneflower seedlings obtained by germinating surface-sterilized seed on water agar. DNA was amplified via a nested PCR using universal primer pairs P1/P7 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 to detect putative phytoplasmas (2). Amplifications yielded expected products of 1.8 and 1.2 kb, respectively, only from symptomatic samples. Subsequently, PCR products from six arbitrarily selected samples were used for sequencing (Genome Lab Dye Terminator Cycling Sequence with Quick Start Chemistry) and read in a CEQ8000 sequencer (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA). Sequence homology indicated 100% similarity between isolates designated EWB1 to EWB4 (GenBank Accession Nos. JF340075 and JF340077 to JF340079) and between EWB5 and EWB6 (JF340076 and JF40080). Sequence homology between the two observed groups was 99.7%, resulting from a 4-bp difference in the R16F2n primer region. Blast search revealed isolates EWB1 to EWB4 were 100% homologous with Catharanthus roseus phytoplasma (EU096500.1), Tomato big bud phytoplasma (EF193359.1), Scaevola witches'-broom phytoplasma (AB257291.1), and Mollicutes sp. (Y10097.1 and Y10096.1). Moreover, isolates EWB5 and EWB6 shared 99% sequence identity with the above isolates. iPhyClassifier (4) was used to perform sequence similarity and generate virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles. The 16S rDNA sequence of isolates EWB1 to EWB4 and EWB5 to EWB6 shared 100 and 99.7% similarity, respectively, to the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasiae’ reference strain (Y10097). RFLP profiles from all isolates suggested that they belonged to the 16SrII-D subgroup. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a 16SrII-D subgroup phytoplasma infecting E. pallida in Australia. Aster yellow phytoplasmas (16SrI-C subgroup) infections of E. purpurea have been recorded in Slovenia (3) and southern Bohemia (1). References: (1) J. Franova et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 123:85, 2009. (2) I. M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (3) S. Radišek et al. Plant Pathol. 58:392, 2009. (4) Y. Zhao et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2582, 2009.
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Bagrikova, N. A., and Ya A. Perminova. "Characteristics and distribution of the <i>Opuntia</i> (Cactaceae) representatives naturalized in Crimea." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 183, no. 3 (October 4, 2022): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2022-3-149-160.
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Background. Representatives of the Opuntia Mill. genus (Cactaceae), growing in natural habitats in South and North Americas, Mexico, Western India, and the Galapagos Islands, are widely used as ornamental, food and medicinal plants in different regions of the world. Many species have naturalized, and at least 27 species (or 14%) are invasive plants, thus posing a threat to local species and plant diversity. The largest numbers of naturalized species were observed in Spain, South Africa, and Australia. Studying the distribution of Opuntia Mill. representatives over Crimea is relevant because eight naturalized representatives of the genus have already been found in the region.Materials and methods. The information about Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) U. Guzman & Mandujano), O. fragilis (Nutt.) Haw., O. humifusa (Raf.) Raf., O. macrorhiza Engelm., O. phaeacantha Engelm. f. rubra Späth., O. polyacantha Haw., O. tortispina Engelm. & J.M. Bigelow, and O. tunoidea Gibbes is based on the research carried out in 2007–2021. Vegetation classification units were identified on the basis of geobotanical studies.Results. General characteristics and distribution of eight Opuntia representatives in natural and cultigenic areas are presented. It has been established that prickly pears were originally planted intentionally in Crimea, but later they spread in anthropogenically disturbed and seminatural biotopes, assigned to nine classes of vegetation (Quercetea pubescentis, FestucoBrometea, SedoScleranthetea, KoelerioCorynephoretea, Artemisietea vulgaris, Asplenietea trichomanis, CistoMicromerietea julianae, TheroBrachypodietea, and Pegano harmalaeSalsoletea vermiculatae). Opuntia humifusa and O. engelmannii var. lindheimeri have the widest distribution in Crimea. All species reproduce by seeds and vegetatively. The text is illustrated with photographs of the species and schematic maps of their distribution over the Crimean Peninsula.
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Paulo, Tironi, Adrian von Treuenfels, and José Roberto Postali Parra. "Population dynamics of Cyrtomon luridus Boheman (Coloptera: Curculionidae) on Duboisia sp. (Solanaceae) in Brazil." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 5 (October 2005): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000500011.
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Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp., introduced from Australia. Its larvae feed on roots, causing up to 100% mortality damages. The population dynamics and biological cycle were studied to determine future control methods in Duboisia sp., in Arapongas, Paraná State, Brazil, from 1993 to 1996. C. luridus presented annual life cycle in Duboisia sp. under natural conditions. The larval development period was 120 to 150 days, from January to May, reaching an average size of 19.0 ± 2.0 mm in soil depth ranging on 24.9 ± 8.6 cm to 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. The beginning of the pupal phase happened in April. The larval-adult viability ranged on 7.5% to 19.6%. The typical symptoms of attack appeared in an infestation level of 60 larvae per plant. The first adults came out in July, six months after larvae hatching. However, adults came out from soil only in September, at the beginning of the rainy season, reaching the peak of emergency in October, outspreading until January. In laboratory (25ºC, 70% R.H.), females longevity averaged 113.7 ± 15.2 days. In this period, laying capacity was 42.7 ± 7.9 egg masses, with 9.4 ± 0.61 eggs each, totaling 402 ± 72.9 eggs per female. Adults C. luridus were found parasitized by Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Solanaceae species Solanum mauritianum Scopoli and Cestrum intermedium Sendt. were identified as host plants of C. luridus.
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Zhao, S., G. Xie, H. Zhao, H. Li, and C. Li. "First Report of a Leaf Spot on Snow Lotus Caused by Alternaria carthami in China." Plant Disease 92, no. 2 (February 2008): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-2-0318b.
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Snow lotus (Saussurea involucrata Karel. & Kir. ex Sch. Bip.) is an economically important medicinal herb increasingly grown in China in recent years. In June of 2005, a leaf spot disease on commercially grown plants was found in the QiTai Region, south of the Tianshan Mountain area of Xinjiang, China at 2,100 m above sea level. Disease incidence was approximately 60 to 70% of the plants during the 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. Initial symptoms appeared on older leaves as irregularly shaped, minute, dark brown-to-black spots, with yellow borders on the edge of the leaflet blade by July. As the disease progressed, the lesions expanded, causing the leaflets to turn brown, shrivel, and die. A fungus was consistently isolated from the margins of these lesions on potato dextrose agar. Fifty-eight isolates were obtained that produced abundant conidia in the dark. Conidia were usually solitary, rarely in chains of two, ellipsoid to obclavate, with 6 to 11 transverse and one longitudinal or oblique septum. Conidia measured 60 to 80 × 20 to 30 μm, including a filamentous beak (13 to 47 × 3.5 to 6 μm). According to the morphology, and when compared with the standard reference strains, the causal organism of leaf spot of snow lotus was identified as Alternaria carthami (1,4). Pathogenicity of the strains was tested on snow lotus seedlings at the six-leaf stage. The lower leaves of 20 plants were sprayed until runoff with conidial suspensions of 1 × 104 spores mL–1, and five plants sprayed with sterile distilled water served as controls. All plants were covered with a polyethylene bag, incubated at 25°C for 2 days, and subsequently transferred to a growth chamber at 25°C with a 16-h photoperiod. Light brown lesions developed within 10 days on leaflet margins in all inoculated plants. The pathogen was reisolated from inoculated leaves, and isolates were deposited at the Key Oasis Eco-agriculture Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Xinjiang and the Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University. No reports of a spot disease caused by A. carthami on snow lotus leaves have been found, although this pathogen has been reported on safflower in western Canada (3), Australia (2), India (1), and China (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a leaf spot caused by A. carthami on snow lotus in China. References: (1) S. Chowdhury. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 23:59, 1944. (2) J. A. G. Irwin. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 16:921, 1976. (3) G. A. Petrie. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 54:155, 1974. (4) T. Y. Zhang. J. Yunnan Agric. Univ.17:320, 2002.
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Rizwan, Komal, Ismat Majeed, Muhammad Bilal, Tahir Rasheed, Ahmad Shakeel, and Shahid Iqbal. "Phytochemistry and Diverse Pharmacology of Genus Mimosa: A Review." Biomolecules 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12010083.
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The genus Mimosa belongs to the Fabaceae family and comprises almost 400 species of herbs, shrubs and ornamental trees. The genus Mimosa is found all over the tropics and subtropics of Asia, Africa, South America, North America and Australia. Traditionally, this genus has been popular for the treatment of jaundice, diarrhea, fever, toothache, wound healing, asthma, leprosy, vaginal and urinary complaints, skin diseases, piles, gastrointestinal disorders, small pox, hepatitis, tumor, HIV, ulcers and ringworm. The review covered literature available from 1959 to 2020 collected from books, scientific journals and electronic searches, such as Science Direct, Web of Science and Google scholar. Various keywords, such as Mimosa, secondary metabolites, medicines, phytochemicals and pharmacological values, were used for the data search. The Mimosa species are acknowledged to be an essential source of secondary metabolites with a wide-ranging biological functions, and up until now, 145 compounds have been isolated from this genus. Pharmacological studies showed that isolated compounds possess significant potential, such as antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, and antiproliferative as well as cytotoxic activities. Alkaloids, chalcones, flavonoids, indoles, terpenes, terpenoids, saponins, steroids, amino acids, glycosides, flavanols, phenols, lignoids, polysaccharides, lignins, salts and fatty esters have been isolated from this genus. This review focused on the medicinal aspects of the Mimosa species and may provide a comprehensive understanding of the prospective of this genus as a foundation of medicine, supplement and nourishment. The plants of this genus could be a potential source of medicines in the near future.
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Sadgrove, Nicholas J., Timothy L. Collins, Sarah V. A. M. Legendre, Julian Klepp, Graham L. Jones, and Ben W. Greatrex. "The Iridoid Myodesert-1-ene and Elemol/Eudesmol are found in Distinct Chemotypes of the Australian Aboriginal Medicinal Plant Eremophila dalyana(Scrophulariaceae)." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 9 (September 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100902.
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The strongly aromatic Australian desert species Eremophila dalyana is an Aboriginal medicinal plant that continues to be used today in Central Australia in the treatment of respiratory complaints and Sarcoptes scabiei infestation. Using hydrodistillation of aerial parts of the plant, the new natural product myodesert-1-ene was isolated in two disjunct populations at up to 98% of the volatiles present in the hydrodistilled oils. Weak antimicrobial activities were observed for whole oils and myodesert-1-ene. Activities in the hydrodistilled oil were attributed to the antimicrobial sesquiterpenes elemol and eudesmol which showed good activity when isolated and were relatively abundant in the chemotype used medicinally. The biogenesis of myodesert-1-ene from iridodial is proposed.
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Palombo, Enzo A., and Susan J. Semple. "Antibacterial activity of traditional Australian medicinal plants." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 77, no. 2-3 (October 2001): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(01)00290-2.
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Fan, H. Y., T. Tao, S. W. Dong, D. W. Li, J. L. Yu, and C. G. Han. "Trichosanthes kirilowii: A New Host of Cucurbit mild mosaic virus in China." Plant Disease 97, no. 10 (October 2013): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-13-0447-pdn.
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Chinese cucumber (Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.) is a type of perennial liana plant of the Cucurbitaceae family that is mainly distributed in East Asia and northern Australia. It is an important medicinal plant and commonly used in Chinese herbalism, where it is considered to be one of the 50 fundamental herbs (2). During the summer and autumn of 2012, T. kirilowii plants showing symptoms of mild mosaic on the upper leaves and bright yellow color on the lower leaves were observed in the Haidian district of Beijing, China. Recently similar symptoms induced by Cucurbit mild mosaic virus (CuMMV) on squash have been reported. CuMMV is a new member of the genus Fabavirus in the Comovirinae subfamily, discovered in China in 2006 (1). Total RNA was extracted from five leaf samples of independent plants and used for reverse transcription with an oligo (dT)18 primer, followed by PCR with a pair of CuMMV virus-specific primers FaR13012F (5′-CGAGTGCGAGTTAGAAATTGGGATG-3′) and FaR15783R (5′-TCACTTTGAGGTGATAAAACAATCC-3′) to amplify a 2,772-bp fragment including RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) coding region. The expected target fragment was obtained in all symptomatic plant samples but not from an asymptomatic plant. Nucleotide sequence comparison analysis showed that the virus isolated from T. kirilowii (GenBank Accession No. KC959843) had 95.33% nucleotide identity and 99.15% amino acid identity in the RdRp sequence with a CuMMV isolate from squash (GenBank Accession No. FJ194941) (1). In addition, symptomatic samples tested positive for CuMMV by Western blot using CuMMV small coat protein (SCP) specific polyclonal antibody (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. kirilowii as natural host of CuMMV in China. The impact of CuMMV on T. kirilowii production remains to be determined; however, the extended host range for this virus suggests a potential threat of CuMMV to cucurbit crops in China. References: (1) S. W. Dong et al. Arch. Virol.157:597, 2012. (2) J. H. Hong et al. China Pharmacist 7:561, 2004.
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Xie, H. H., J. G. Wei, F. Liu, X. H. Pan, and X. B. Yang. "First Report of Mulberry Root Rot Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae in China." Plant Disease 98, no. 11 (November 2014): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-14-0261-pdn.
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Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is an important cash crop and medicinal plant that has been cultivated for more than 5,000 years in China. The area of mulberry production in Guangxi Province is 45% of total production in China, with 1.3 million ha planted. In recent years, a mulberry root rot occurred in Heng County covering all the mulberry planting farms. Observations of 200 diseased plants were made. The xylem of infected roots first turned brown, and then became black followed by cortex rot. The xylem and cortex of infected roots were easily separated. The xylem of the stem of symptomatic plants was also brown and the bark was slightly darker than normal. Leaves of diseased plants turned yellow and wilted, but the wilted leaves remained on the affected branches for about 3 weeks. All affected branches and stem dried after a month. The affected area was 12,000 ha with incidences varying from 13 to 52%. About 8% of young mulberry trees died in severely infested orchards. The disease caused more than $3 million in losses within a year in Heng County alone. The causal fungus was isolated from xylem tissues of symptomatic roots of 62 mulberry plants with an isolation rate of 90%. Pathogenicity test was made by inoculating 5-month-old healthy mulberry plants with PDA plugs (5 × 5 mm) grown 5 days with viable mycelia of the fungus. Nine healthy plants were wounded on the roots with a sterile knife, and mycelial plugs of three Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl isolates were placed on the wounds, covered with sterile moist cotton, and wrapped with Parafilm. Nine control plants were treated with PDA plugs. The test was repeated three times. All treated plants were kept in a greenhouse at ~28°C and 40% RH. After 3 days, the root xylem of inoculated plants turned brown and gradually became dark, similar to symptoms observed in the field. After 8 days, inoculated seedlings gradually wilted, and all the treated plants died after 11 days with leaves undetached. The fungus was re-isolated from all nine diseased plants and no symptoms were observed on the roots of control plants. The causal agent, of which conidia were dark brown, one-septate, thick walled, and ellipsoid with 4 or 6 vertical lines of dashes, 12.50 to 13.75 × 13.75 to 25.63 μm (n = 100), was identified as L. theobromae based on morphological characters described by Punithalingam (3) and sequences of the ITS region of rDNA using primers ITS1 and ITS4 and EF1-α using primers EF728F and EF986R. The ITS sequence (HG917932) was similar to the ITS sequences of AY640255 (CBS164.96) and AY236952 (CMW9074) in GenBank with identities of 98.8 and 99.8%, respectively. The EF1-α sequence HG917934 was similar to that of AY640258 (CBS164.96) and AY236901 (CMW9074) with identities of 99.7 and 99.7%, respectively. L. theobromae is a cosmopolitan fungus causing both field and storage diseases on more than 280 plant species including crops, fruits, and cash fruit trees (1,2,5). Mulberry root rot caused by L. theobromae has been reported in India (4) and ours is the first report in China. This finding clarifies the pathogen of mulberry root rot previously thought as Fusarium sp. in China, which is critical to develop management strategies to control this disease. References: (1) N. M. Celiker and T. J. Michailides. New Dis. Rep. 25:12, 2012. (2) I. H. Fischer et al. Australia Plant Dis. Notes 3:116, 2008. (3) E. Punithalingam. Botryodiplodia theobromae. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria No. 519. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 1976. (4) N. V. Radhakrishnan et al. Indian Phytopathol. 48:490, 1995. (5) B. C. Sutton. The Coelomycetes. Commonwealth Mycology Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, 1980.
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Semple, S. J., G. D. Reynolds, M. C. O'Leary, and R. L. P. Flower. "Screening of Australian medicinal plants for antiviral activity." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 60, no. 2 (March 1998): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00152-9.
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Porwal, Omji, Muath Sheet Mohammed Ameen, Esra T. Anwer, Subasini Uthirapathy, Javed Ahamad, and Amani Tahsin. "Silybum marianum (Milk Thistle): Review on Its chemistry, morphology, ethno medical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 5 (September 15, 2019): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i5.3666.
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The oldest remedies identified to mankind are herbal medicines. India is recognized worldwide for its Ayurvedic treatment. India has rich history of using many plants for medicinal purposes. Remedial plants are cooperating extremely dynamic position in customary drugs for the action of a variety of illness. However a key obstacle, which has hindered the promotion in use of alternative medicines in the developed countries, is no evidence of documentation and absence of stringent quality control measures. There is a demand for the evidence of every investigate effort execute on conventional remedies in the appearance of certification. The purpose of current review is to make accessible up-to-date information on, botany, morphology, ecological biodiversity, therapeutic uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities on diverse parts of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn (S. marianum). This review was assembled using technical literature from electronic search engine such as Springer link, Bio Med Central, Pub Med, Scopus, Science Direct, Scielo, Medline and Science domain. Supplementary texts were obtained from books, book chapters, dissertations, websites and other scientific publications. S. marianum a member of the Asteraceae family, is a tall herb with large prickly white veined green leaves and a reddish-purple flower that ends in sharp spines. It is native of the Mediterranean region and which has also spread in East Asia, Europe, Australia and America. Confident chemical constituents were exposed cognate as silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silychristin, silydianin, apigenin 7-O-β-(2″- O-α-rhamnosyl)galacturonide, kaempferol 3-O-α-rhamnoside-7-O-β-galacturonide, apigenin 7-O-β-glucuronide, apigenin 7-O-β-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-β-galactoside, kaempferol-3-O-α-rhamnoside, kaempferol, taxifolin and quercetin. The plant is exclusively used as anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolaemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and as an anti-oxidant. Seeds of the plant are also used as an anti-spasmodic, neuroprotective, anti-viral, immunomodulant, cardioprotective, demulcent and anti-haemorrhagic. The plant is also serves as a galactagogue, agent that induces milk secretion and used in the treatment of uterine disorders. The plant is employed in dissimilar conventional schemes of remedy in the cure of different illness.
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Cox, Paul Alan. "Fijian Medicinal Plants By R. C. Cambie (University of Auckland) and J. Ash (University of the South Pacific). CSIRO Information Services, Melbourne, Australia. 1994. vii + 365pp. 20.5 × 26.5 cm. $95.00. ISBN 0-643-05404-9." Journal of Natural Products 59, no. 12 (January 1996): 1216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np960466o.
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Pandit, Rishav, Bishnu Bhusal, Rashmi Regmi, Pritika Neupane, Kushal Bhattarai, Binju Maharjan, Suprava Acharya, Bigyan K.C., and Mukti Ram Poudel. "MUTATION BREEDING FOR CROP IMPROVEMENT: A REVIEW." Reviews in Food and Agriculture 2, no. 1 (March 23, 2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/rfna.01.2021.31.35.
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Despite the fact that the world is at the rapid phase of agricultural modernization, but we are still concerned about food security. To meet the demand of exponential increase in population there is requirement of 70% more food by 2050. To overcome this situation we have to improve our existing crop varieties and make them genetically diverse, adaptive to climate change, input use efficient, high yielding, enhanced nutritional attributes, and better adaptable to a wide range of agro-ecosystems and should not deteriorate existing environment. Among the various methods of breeding to improve crop varieties mutation breeding (induced mutation) plays a crucial role for the development of genetic variation among themselves. Over past five decade mutation breeding is getting more popular and till now 3,362 mutant plant varieties from 240 different plant species in more than 75 countries are released. Different types of physical, chemical and combined mutagens have been used by various breeder to induce genetic variability in various crops. 2635 varieties are developed by physical mutagens, 398 varieties are developed by chemical mutagens and 37 varieties are developed by combination of physical and chemical mutagens. Continent wise, 82 varieties are developed by Africa, 2049 by Asia, 10 by Australia and Pacific, 959 by Europe, 53 by Latin America, and 209 by North America. Similarly, 1602 major cereals, 501 major legumes and 86 major oil seed mutant crop varieties are developed by mutation breeding/induced mutation. Mutation breeding improve several qualitative and quantitative characters of crop plant and is successfully applied in several cereal, grain legume, oil seed, vegetable, fruits, medicinal plant, ornamental plants and fodder crops. With the advancement of various plant breeding, genetics, and biotechnological tools mutation breeding contribute toward the increase in global food and agriculture production which ultimately overcome global hunger and improve the nutritional status of the globe.
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Yeshi, Karma, Gerry Turpin, Tenzin Jamtsho, and Phurpa Wangchuk. "Indigenous Uses, Phytochemical Analysis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Australian Tropical Medicinal Plants." Molecules 27, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 3849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123849.
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Australian tropical plants have been a rich source of food (bush food) and medicine to the first Australians (Aboriginal people), who are believed to have lived for more than 50,000 years. Plants such as spreading sneezeweed (Centipeda minima), goat’s foot (Ipomoea pes-caprae), and hop bush (Dodonaea viscosa and D. polyandra) are a few popular Aboriginal medicinal plants. Thus far, more than 900 medicinal plants have been recorded in the tropical region alone, and many of them are associated with diverse ethnomedicinal uses that belong to the traditional owners of Aboriginal people. In our effort to find anti-inflammatory lead compounds in collaboration with Aboriginal communities from their medicinal plants, we reviewed 78 medicinal plants used against various inflammation and inflammatory-related conditions by Aboriginal people. Out of those 78 species, we have included only 45 species whose crude extracts or isolated pure compounds showed anti-inflammatory properties. Upon investigating compounds isolated from 40 species (for five species, only crude extracts were studied), 83 compounds were associated with various anti-inflammatory properties. Alphitolic acid, Betulinic acid, Malabaric acid, and Hispidulin reduced proinflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and 2) with IC50 values ranging from 11.5 to 46.9 uM. Other promising anti-inflammatory compounds are Brevilin A (from Centipeda minima), Eupalestin, and 5′-methoxy nobiletin (from Ageratum conyzoides), Calophyllolide (from Calophyllum inophyllum), and Brusatol (from Brucea javanica). D. polyandra is one example of an Aboriginal medicinal plant from which a novel anti-inflammatory benzoyl ester clerodane diterpenoid compound was obtained (compound name not disclosed), and it is in the development of topical medicines for inflammatory skin diseases. Medicinal plants in the tropics and those associated with indigenous knowledge of Aboriginal people could be a potential alternative source of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Palombo, Enzo A., and Michelle Meilak. "Anti-Mycobacterial Activity of Extracts Derived from Australian Medicinal Plants." Research Journal of Microbiology 3, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jm.2008.535.538.
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Lin, G. David, Rachel W. Li, Stephen P. Myers, and David N. Leach. "A Method of Selecting Plants with Anti-inflammatory Potential for Pharmacological Study." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 1 (January 2008): 1934578X0800300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800300115.
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In searching for anti-inflammatory agents from Australian medicinal plants, a method of selecting plants with anti-inflammatory potential for chemical and pharmacological study was developed and is described in this paper. The method was based on the cross-referencing of ethnopharmacological information documented in Australian bush medicine and Chinese herbal medicine. Our hypothesis was that plants that have been used in several geographically different cultures for the same or similar medicinal purposes would be highly probable to possess some common chemical and pharmacological properties, and therefore might warrant scientific investigation. The Chinese ethnopharmacological information was used as “standard” references to select Australian plants with anti-inflammatory potential. From 284 plants documented in Australian bush medicine and 882 plants in Chinese herbal medicine, 58 Australian plants and 41 Chinese plants were identified to have potential anti-inflammatory activity. The traditional use of the identified Australian and Chinese plants to treat inflammatory conditions, botanical names, modes of preparation and administration, and chemical constituents were compiled to form a Chinese and an Australian dataset using Microsoft Access. By cross-referencing the ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of the plants in the two datasets, fourteen Australian plants were selected for laboratory study. Testing of these plants with respect to inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenases (COX) and lipoxygenases (LOX) showed that the majority of the plants (>85%) exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. Bioassay-guided isolation and spectroscopic identification of active constituents in three species were conducted. Racemosic acid was characterised as a new compound with anti-inflammatory activity from Ficus racemosa, together with a known compound bergenin. Triterpene-fatty acid esters were identified in Tinospora smilacina. HPLC fractions from Clematis pickeringii inhibited COX and LOX and also triggered peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs). This method of cross-referencing ethnopharmacological information to select plants with anti-inflammatory potential appears to be productive, and may be more widely applicable for the selection of plants for other pharmacological and chemical studies.
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Applequist, Wendy L. "Medicinal and Aromatic Plants−Industrial Profiles, Vol. 9: Tea Tree, The GenusMelaleucaEdited by Ian Southwell and Robert Lowe (Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar, Australia). Harwood Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 1999. x + 287 pp. 17 × 24.5 cm. $110.00. ISBN 90-5702-417-9." Journal of Natural Products 64, no. 5 (May 2001): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np000753z.
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Shresta, Shrimita, Sudip Bhandari, Babita Aryal, Bishnu P. Marasini, Santosh Khanal, Pramod Poudel, Binod Rayamajhee, Bikash Adhikari, Bibek Raj Bhattarai, and Niranjan Parajuli. "Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njb.v9i1.38667.
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Medicinal plants are important reservoirs of bioactive compounds that need to be explored systematically. Because of their chemical diversity, natural products provide limitless possibilities for new drug discovery. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical properties of crude extracts from fifteen Nepalese medicinal plants. The total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and antioxidant activity were evaluated through a colorimetric approach while the antibacterial activities were studied through the measurement of the zone of inhibition (ZoI) by agar well diffusion method along with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) by broth dilution method. The methanolic extracts of Acacia catechu and Eupoterium adenophorum showed the highest TPC (55.21 ± 11.09 mg GAE/gm) and TFC (10.23 ± 1.07 mg QE/gm) among the studied plant extracts. Acacia catechu showed effective antioxidant properties with an IC50 value of 1.3 μg/mL, followed by extracts of Myrica esculenta, Syzygium cumini, and Mangifera indica. Morus australis exhibited antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ZoI: 25mm, MIC: 0.012 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (ZoI: 22 mm, MIC: 0.012 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ZoI; 20 mm, MIC: 0.05 mg/mL), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (ZoI: 19 mm, MIC: 0.19 mg/mL). Morus australis extract showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, followed by Eclipta prostrata, and Hypericum cordifolium. Future study is recommended to explore secondary metabolites of those medicinal plants to uncover further clinical efficacy.
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Locher, Cornelia, Susan J. Semple, and Bradley S. Simpson. "Traditional Australian Aboriginal medicinal plants: an untapped resource for novel therapeutic compounds?" Future Medicinal Chemistry 5, no. 7 (May 2013): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc.13.44.
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