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Mounsi, Frederic, Celestin Mountchissi, David Ikome Lyonga, Fils Thomas Roger Tchatchoua, Karen Maigou Pohowe, and Marileine Pricyle Eulalie Kemme Kemme. "EVALUATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF MEDICAL TRAINING: THE CASE OF THE MADINGRING DISTRICT MEDICAL CENTER, NORTH CAMEROON." Journal of Environment 2, no. 1 (August 3, 2022): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/je.977.
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Purpose: The environment is increasingly threatened by human activities. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the different activities carried out at Madingring Medical Center on the various environmental components.
Methodology: To do this, the identification, characterization, and evaluation of the impacts were carried out during several field works using the Léopold and Fecteau matrices. The analysis of the waste management system was done using the Ishikawa 5M diagram.
Findings: During the study, the real and potential impacts were identified on the various environments. The incineration of medical waste is classified as hazardous and the poor management of toilets emits polluting and toxic substances into the air, as well as unpleasant odors that modify air quality. The presence of stagnant water from the activities of the medical center due to the lack of good drainage degrades soil quality. Added to this, there is a development of algae and moss on the site. Concerning waste management, it appears that the Center does not have an environmental permit and a waste management plan, the sorting carried out is approximate, hazardous waste is incinerated illegally and others are dumped in landfills, contributing to environmental pollution. For each impact identified, corrective measures have been proposed and may make it possible to mitigate or eliminate the negative effects and improve the positive aspects, by implementing the environmental specifications.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: At the end of this study, some recommendations were made. These include training of medical staff in best practices and techniques for medical waste management, monitoring of the implementation of regulations on hospital waste management in Cameroon, information and sensitization of users on the social and environmental impacts of environmental degradation, as well as the best practices and behaviors to adopt within health facilities, the use of bins for the collection and sorting of waste, the creation of a pre-collection unit of waste within the health centers of Cameroon in general and those of Madingring in particular.
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Al-Dabbagh, Riadh. "Waste management strategy and development in Ajman, UAE." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 6 (2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021005.
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Population growth, social and industrial activities have increased significantly, resulting in an increase in the quantities of wastes in UAE in specific the Emirate of Ajman. Most of the waste is still not thoroughly treated and ends up in municipal landfills, where organic waste generates many gases such as methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Currently, little of the waste is burned, and the rate of municipal waste recycling has been rapidly rising. Waste management in the Ajman is coordinated through local authorities. For this purpose the UAE has set Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to measure its performance against its targets of 2021. To support the national efforts, Ajman is continuously seeking to adopt vital initiatives and projects that are positively affecting all aspects of life. Waste issues are handled through recycling and converting waste to energy and resources, new technologies and improved waste separation and collection systems. Ajman Municipality and Planning Department has initiated plans and efforts in waste management, including converting waste to energy, treating wastewater, and controlling the movement of hazardous waste. The programs are implemented with the aim to reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of the city, including by paying particular attention to air quality and all types of waste. The paper presents an overview of the waste situation and the management practices according to the Municipality's plans and strategies. It is concluded that Ajman still lacks an infrastructure for organic waste recycling for residents. This organic waste is a significant contributor to methane emissions from landfills. Challenges are to be solved, such as the lack of adequate waste sorting and recycling facilities in the Emirate and weak community culture to adopt waste sorting. Many practices started to be implemented by the Municipality, for instance, creating an incinerator used to treat non-chemical medical waste generated from hospitals & clinics. As a result, Ajman has witnessed a reduction in the quantity of waste dumped in the landfill.
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Filip, Gabriela Maria, and Valeria Mirela Brezoczki. "MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WITHIN THE INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND PSYCHIATRY HOSPITAL, BAIA MARE." Scientific Bulletin Series D : Mining, Mineral Processing, Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, Geology and Environmental Engineering 32, no. 1 (2018): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37193/sbsd.2018.1.08.
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The paper presents several aspects of the general theme related to medical waste management and elimination in a health unit in Baia Mare. Therefore, non-hazardous wastes are collected like household wastes, being temporarily stored in euro containers and transported by S.C. DRUSAL S.A. The hazardous wastes are selectively collected in special containers, temporarily stored in an especially laid out storage unit and transported by the S.C. ECO BURN S.R.L company to the "Stery Cycle" Bucuresti waste incineration plan.
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Edelmann, W., U. Baier, and H. Engeli. "Environmental aspects of the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes and of solid agricultural wastes." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2005): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0518.
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In order to obtain more detailed information for better decision making in future biogenic waste treatment, different processes to treat biogenic wastes in plants with a treatment capacity of 10,000 tons of organic household wastes per year as well as agricultural codigestion plants were compared by life cycle assessments (LCA). With the tool EcoIndicator, anaerobic digestion is shown to be advantageous as compared to composting, incineration or a combination of digestion and composting, mainly because of a better energy balance. The management of the liquid manure in agricultural codigestion of organic solid wastes causes increased gaseous emissions, which have negative effects on the LCA, however. It is recommended to cover the slurry pit and to use an improved manure management in order to compensate for the additional gaseous emissions. In the LCAs, the quality of the digester output could only be taken into account to a small extent; the reasons are discussed.
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Alvim-Ferraz, M. "Incineration of different types of medical wastes: emission factors for gaseous emissions." Atmospheric Environment 37, no. 38 (December 2003): 5415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00572-7.
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Wielgosiński, Grzegorz, Dorota Wasiak, and Alicja Zawadzka. "The Use of Sequential Extraction for Assessing Environmental Risks of Waste Incineration Bottom Ash/Wykorzystanie Ekstrakcji Sekwencyjnej Do Oceny Zagrożeń Dla Środowiska Powodowanych Przez Żużle I Popioły Z." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 21, no. 3 (October 1, 2014): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eces-2014-0030.
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Abstract Thermal treatment of waste is one of the ways of their processing. It is commonly used in most developed countries of the European Union. Major by-products of the combustion processes are slag and bottom ash. In the majority of EU countries bottom ash and slag are used as a priming for road construction. In Poland slag and bottom ash from incineration process are stabilized with the addition of cement and some polymers and are landfilled as wastes. In accordance to Polish law, depending on the leaching of heavy metals from fly ash and slag after thermal treatment of waste can be regarded as both hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. At present work sequential extraction methods described in the literature: Tessier’s method, van Herck’s method and BCR method were compared experimentally with the results of using Swiss standard TVA.SA.1991 and European standard EN 12457 and total concentration of metals in sample analyzed after complete digestion of sample. The study sample was bottom ash from the medical waste incineration plant.
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Alvim-Ferraz, Maria C. M., and Sérgio A. V. Afonso. "Incineration of Different Types of Medical Wastes: Emission Factors for Particulate Matter and Heavy Metals." Environmental Science & Technology 37, no. 14 (July 2003): 3152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es026209p.
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Balmér, P. "Phosphorus recovery - an overview of potentials and possibilities." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 10 (May 1, 2004): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0640.
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The endeavour towards a sustainable society has led to an interest in the recovery and recirculation or reuse of phosphorus from wastewater among environmentalists and politicians. In a recent interdisciplinary investigation commissioned by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, an attempt was made to evaluate different possibilities to recover phosphorus from wastewater or its fractions; systems based on source separation of urine or of combined toilet wastes, on the extraction of phosphorus from sludge, from ashes after incineration of sludge or from wastewater as well as the direct recirculation of hygienised digested and dewatered sludge were studied. Aspects like technology, environmental effects, resource economy, economy, markets, organisational aspects and user aspects were studied. In this overview the potential and possibility to recover and recirculate phosphorus from wastewater is discussed, mainly based on the findings in this investigation.
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Sutrisno, Hendri, and Fitriana Meilasari. "Review: Medical Waste Management for Covid19." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 12, no. 1si (September 30, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i1si.2020.104-120.
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Introduction: Medical waste generation during the Covid19 pandemic increased by around 30%. Sources of medical waste generation are health care activities. If medical waste is not appropriately managed, it can pollute the environment and disturb health. The purpose of the review is to identify the potential of medical waste in health-care facilities in Indonesia when the Covid19 pandemic and to review medical waste management in Indonesia. The analysis uses a systematic literature review. Discussion: The potential of medical waste during the Covid19 epidemic is infectious waste (PPE wastes), sharps waste (syringes), chemical waste (expired medicines), and pharmaceutical waste (the used alcohol bottles when rapid tests). The hazardous waste management system refers to Government Regulation No. 101 year 2014 about Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste and and Regulation of Minister of Environment and Forestry of Republic Indonesia No. P.56/MenlhkSetjen/2015 about Procedures and Technical Requirements for Waste Management Hazardous and Toxic From the Health Service Facilities. Infectious waste, sharps waste, chemical waste, and pharmaceutical waste are destroyed with incinerators. Syringe residues were damaged with a needle shredder. Residue and incineration ashes are processed using solidification. If the heavy metal content under the quality standards, then the waste can be landfill. Conclusion: The potential of medical waste during the Covid19 pandemic is infectious waste, sharps waste, chemical waste, and pharmaceutical waste. Medical waste generated must be appropriately managed. Proper medical waste management can prevent environmental pollution and the spread of disease. One of the processing of potential medical waste is incineration. The incineration system produces residue and ash waste that must further be handled so that it does not pollute the environment and disturb health.
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KRECHETOV, Ivan V., Arkadiy A. SKVORTSOV, Ivan A. POSELSKY, Sergey A. PALTSEV, Pavel S. LAVRIKOV, and Vladislavs KOROTKOVS. "Implementation of Automated Lines for Sorting and Recycling Household Waste as an Important Goal of Environmental Protection." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 8 (April 21, 2019): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.8(32).21.
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The principles of selection and creation of rational methods of disposal and recycling of wastes are based on the fact that the problem of waste is an interconnected environmental-economic and technological problem, and the waste itself should be considered as technogenic raw materials of complex organo-mineral composition. Therefore, the main purpose of the work is to define methods for recycling waste and their environmental aspects. To achieve this goal, the methods of analysis, spectroscopy were used. It is determined that the final treatment of waste, to date, means either their disposal in a landfill or incineration, which adversely affects the environment. Methods for identifying the material of the object, as well as algorithms for the selection and recognition of objects by processing data from the computer vision system are considered. High accuracy is shown in 94.12% identification of plastic polymers.
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Yasotha, N. "Economic Valuation of Hospital Waste Management." International Review of Business and Economics 1, no. 3 (2018): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.44.
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Bio- Medical Wastes have become one of the most widespread and important environmental and public health issues and present day concern throughout the globe and as such, the problem has been recognized as one of the important issues towards abatement of pollution in the country along with the rest of the world. The main thrust of the present study is to evaluate the willingness to pay with specific reference to solid waste management in Hospitals. The study has analyzed three hospitals in the Chennai area, in Tamil Nadu. The main method of disposal of hazardous wastes is through incineration and this has been studied with regard to the Government and Private Sectors through the selected hospitals, by way of life expectancy of equipment probable use per day/per kg, cost of operation per day/kg and ultimately the WTP by those availing of these facilities have all been carefully researched.
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Al-Khatib, Issam A., Yousef S. Al-Qaroot, and Mohammad S. Ali-Shtayeh. "Management of healthcare waste in circumstances of limited resources: a case study in the hospitals of Nablus city, Palestine." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 27, no. 4 (May 7, 2009): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x08094124.
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The objectives of this study were the assessment of healthcare waste management and the characterization of healthcare waste material generated in the hospitals in Nablus city, Palestine, and furthermore, to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B among the cleaning personnel working in these hospitals. The medical waste generation rate in kg per bed per day was between 0.59 and 0.93 kg bed— 1 day—1. The waste generation rate in the healthcare facilities of Nablus city hospitals was similar to some other developing countries; however, the percentage of medical wastes in the total waste stream was comparatively high. The density of medical waste at the four hospitals studied ranged between 144.9 and 188.4 kg m— 3 with a mean value of 166.7 kg m—3. The waste segregation and handling practices were very poor. Other alternatives for waste treatment rather than incineration such as a locally made autoclave integrated with a shredder should be evaluated and implemented. The system of healthcare waste management in Nablus city is in need of immediate improvement and attention. Formulating rules and guidelines for medical waste and developing strategies for overcoming the obstacles related to waste management should be considered as an urgent matter.
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Farina, Ilenia, Ivan Moccia, Cinzia Salzano, Narinder Singh, Payam Sadrolodabaee, and Francesco Colangelo. "Compressive and Thermal Properties of Non-Structural Lightweight Concrete Containing Industrial Byproduct Aggregates." Materials 15, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 4029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15114029.
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This study aimed to investigate the recycling opportunities for industrial byproducts and their contribution to innovative concrete manufacturing processes. The attention was mainly focused on municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) and its employment, after a washing pre-treatment, as the main component in artificially manufactured aggregates containing cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in different percentages. The produced aggregates were used to produce lightweight concrete (LWC) containing both artificial aggregates only and artificial aggregates mixed with a relatively small percentage of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the sand form. Thereby, the possibility of producing concrete with good mechanical properties and enhanced thermal properties was investigated through effective PET reuse with beneficial impacts on the thermal insulation of structures. Based on the obtained results, the samples containing artificial aggregates had lower compressive strength (up to 30%) but better thermal performance (up to 25%) with respect to the reference sample made from natural aggregates. Moreover, substituting 10% of recycled aggregates with PET led to a greater reduction in resistance while improving the thermal conductivity. This type of concrete could improve the economic and environmental aspects by incorporating industrial wastes—mainly fly ash—thereby lowering the use of cement, which would lead to a reduction in CO2 emissions.
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Farina, Ilenia, Ivan Moccia, Cinzia Salzano, Narinder Singh, Payam Sadrolodabaee, and Francesco Colangelo. "Compressive and Thermal Properties of Non-Structural Lightweight Concrete Containing Industrial Byproduct Aggregates." Materials 15, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 4029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15114029.
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This study aimed to investigate the recycling opportunities for industrial byproducts and their contribution to innovative concrete manufacturing processes. The attention was mainly focused on municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI-FA) and its employment, after a washing pre-treatment, as the main component in artificially manufactured aggregates containing cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in different percentages. The produced aggregates were used to produce lightweight concrete (LWC) containing both artificial aggregates only and artificial aggregates mixed with a relatively small percentage of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the sand form. Thereby, the possibility of producing concrete with good mechanical properties and enhanced thermal properties was investigated through effective PET reuse with beneficial impacts on the thermal insulation of structures. Based on the obtained results, the samples containing artificial aggregates had lower compressive strength (up to 30%) but better thermal performance (up to 25%) with respect to the reference sample made from natural aggregates. Moreover, substituting 10% of recycled aggregates with PET led to a greater reduction in resistance while improving the thermal conductivity. This type of concrete could improve the economic and environmental aspects by incorporating industrial wastes—mainly fly ash—thereby lowering the use of cement, which would lead to a reduction in CO2 emissions.
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Svalova , V. B. "“Hot spots” of geoecological risk and problems of territorial planning." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 3 (November 21, 2022): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-3-19-34.
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Introduction. The tasks of territorial planning are closely related to the problems of locating new high-risk facilities without increasing the environmental load. Thus, the task of locating high environmental risk facilities for recycling and deep processing of wastes appears to an essential economic and scientific problem that requires an immediate solution. The long-term consequences of such decisions should be forecasted and analysed.Aim. To identify “hot spots” according to their risk degree in order to exclude the most dangerous areas from further planning and use.Materials and methods. The stated problem is solved on the basis of environmental risk management, which includes the following concepts: 1) hazard identification; 2) vulnerability assessment; 3) risk analysis; 4) acceptable risk concept; 5) risk assessment; 6) risk mapping; 7) risk reduction measures, including a) legislative; b) organisational and administrative; c) economic, including insurance; d) engineering; e) modelling; f) monitoring; g) informational. Data and maps of hazardous natural and technogenic processes and potential damage to the territories of the Moscow Oblast were used.Results. When carrying out territorial planning and location of additional hazard facilities, representing an increased ecological load, such as incineration plants and landfills for recycling and deep processing of wastes, high ecological risk regions should be excluded from the potential location list. In the Moscow Oblast, these are primarily Lyuberetsky and Ramensky districts (east-southeast of Moscow). Lyubertsky district can be considered as a “hot spot” of the first class in terms of ecological risk due to the high natural hazard and potential damage. The findings obtained when determining “hot spots” based on geological, geodynamic, tectonic and socio-economic parameters, were confirmed by the areas of geochemical pollution and environmental stress zones.Conclusion. The developed method of identifying the risk “hot spots” represents a basis for solving the problems of territorial planning for the purpose of excluding the most ecologically stressed sites and selecting suitable sites for locating hazard facilities, in particular, recycling and waste processing plants.
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Tang, Kuok Ho Daniel. "Medical Waste during COVID-19 Pandemic: Its Types, Abundance, Impacts and Implications." Industrial and Domestic Waste Management 2, no. 2 (October 14, 2022): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53623/idwm.v2i2.117.
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COVID-19 has resulted in an abrupt and significant increase in medical waste, albeit with improving air and water quality in certain regions. This paper aims to review the types, abundance, and impacts of COVID-19-related medical waste through examining the contents of 54 peer-reviewed scholarly papers. COVID-19-related medical waste compositions vary over time, with COVID-19 screening, diagnostic, and treatment wastes, as well as used personal protective equipment (PPE), constituting the majority of medical waste at the start, followed by vaccination waste during the peak of vaccination. COVID-19-related medical waste is expected to decrease and steady as more and more countries relax restrictions in an attempt to live with COVID-19. Geographically, the amount of COVID-19-related medical waste depends on population size, with highly-populated countries and cities such as China, Manila, Jakarta, and Bangkok seeing or expected to see a hike in the waste of between 210 tonnes/day and 280 tonnes/day during COVID-19. Packaging of the medical and PPE items forming the medical waste stream also contributes to a substantial amount of waste. As plastics are a major component of medical waste, the increase in COVID-19-related medical waste and its mismanagement have worsened environmental pollution caused by plastics. The surge of medical waste during COVID-19 strained the existing medical waste disposal systems, and incineration of the waste contributed to air pollution, which was often localized. Mismanagement of the waste could also raise public health concerns and cause visual repercussions.
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Edra, Beatriz, Bruno Magalhães, Mafalda Silva, and Maria do Céu Costa. "Health Professionals Knowledge of Hospital Waste Sorting and Storage." Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research Journal 17, no. 2 (July 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19277/bbr.17.2.232.
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The nature, diversity, and hazardousness of hospital waste (HW) require specific management procedures. Specific interventions on HW are imperative for modern societies, imposed by public and environmental health policies. The health institutions strategic management plan integrates HW management policies considering a social technic perspective process in their institutional strategic management plan, taking into account a sociotechnical perspective, based on related good practices. Sorting is one of the most critical phases for effective management in reducing risks of generated hospital waste, more specifically at the generation site. Health professionals play an important role in this process since they participate in sorting in different contexts of clinical practice. This research aimed to identify the periodicity of contact of different health professionals such as nurses, doctors and medical assistants (MA) with HW, and their knowledge regarding the practices of sorting and storing of HW. An observational, descriptive, and correlational cross-sectional study was developed. Data were gathered through a questionnaire applied to a sample of 1800 health professionals recruited from a Hospital Center in Porto ( Portugal). Results showed that from the 79% of health professionals who were in contact with HW, 68.7% had adequate knowledge about sorting practices. Health professionals presented more doubts in sorting and storing wastes from Groups III (Biological Hazard HW) and IV (HW of obligatory incineration).
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Perelygin, Vladimir, Nataliia Sklyarova, Sergey Paramonov, and Timofey Pyatizbyantsev. "Approaches to a comprehensive solution to the problem of medical waste management." Pharmacy Formulas 1, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/phf18618.
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Topical issues of medical waste compliance with Federal Law 89-ФЗ On Production and Consumption Wastes and aspects of conducting medical waste management activities in order to comply with this regulatory legal act are considered. It has been established that when medical waste falls under the federal law FZ-89, additional requirements for conducting waste management activities are not taken into account, the entry of medical waste into the Federal Classification Catalog of Waste (FCCW) as a separate unit and optimization of the certification of medical waste. In our opinion, there are currently gaps in the medical waste management activities in the environmental legislation of the Russian Federation and, as a consequence, in law enforcement practice. An algorithm of scientifically based approaches to solving the main problems of the existing problems that can be applied during the preparation and development of the Information and Technical Guide on the best available technologies (BAT) for medical waste management is proposed.
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Abbott, David. "Disaster Public Health Considerations." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, no. 4 (December 2000): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025267.
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AbstractThis paper provides an overview of disaster public health preparedness, response, and recovery activities with particular reference to examples that have occurred in California. It discusses the public health considerations from two aspects: 1) general public health effects; and 2) public and environmental health control measures. The latter discussion is divided into: 1) drinking water; 2) human wastes; 3) food; 4) personal hygiene; 5) mass care and shelter; 6) solid waste and debris; 7) hazardous materials; 8) injury prevention programs and public health information; 9) vector control; and 10) disease control and surveillance. Two tables summarize the disaster medical and health functions as they relate to public health.
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Putri, Anggreany Haryani. "EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH MEDIS RUMAH SAKIT TERHADAP DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN HIDUP." KRTHA BHAYANGKARA 12, no. 1 (June 18, 2018): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/krtha.v12i1.31.
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The hospital is where the health services are operated and maintained with the utmost regard for the building and environmental hygiene aspect both physically, waste, liquid waste, clean water and insect/pest animals.Akantetapi to create the hygiene in hospitals is an attempt which is quite difficult and complex nature of the dealing with various aspects of, among others, culture/society behaviors, habits, environmental conditions, social and technological. Hospital waste is any waste generated by the activities of the hospital and other supporting activities.Hospital waste, in particular the infectious medical waste that has not been in the manage well will be catastrophic for the environment.Many hospitals have yet to manage infectious wastes according procedural should be.Not rare cases medical and non medical waste mixed giving rise to the problem of medical waste. Hospital waste processing can be done in various ways, by giving priority to sterilization, namely in the form of a reduction in volume, the use of sterilization must return with the first, recycling and processing.The most important thing in the processing of waste is the separation of waste, waste storage, handling of waste and waste disposal must be in accordance with the provisions of the regulations.So as not to give a negative impact to the environment.
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Kardono, Kardono. "ANALISIS KIMIA LIMBAH B3 UNTUK MENENTUKAN EFISIENSI PENGHANCURAN DALAM UJI BAKAR DI INSINERATOR." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 13, no. 2 (December 13, 2016): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v13i2.1416.
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Salah satu cara efektif mengurangi limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3) yaitu dengan membakarnya dalam insinerator. Berbagai keuntungan pembakaran limbah dalam insinerator mendorong usaha memanfaatkannya untuk menghacurkan limbah B3 di Indonesia. Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup (Men-LH) no. 18/2009memungkinkan orang mendapat ijin pengolahan limbah B3 melalui insinerator, tetapi berdasarkan Keputusan Kepala BAPEDAL No.: Kep-03/1995, mereka harus memenuhi persyaratan efisiensi penghancuran (DRE) sebesar 99,99% atau lebih, dan juga persyaratan lainnya. Pembuktian efisiensi penghancuran dilakukan melalui kegiatanuji bakar (TBT). Sebelum uji bakar dilakukan, analisis kimia limbah harus dilakukan di laboratorium. Senyawa yang paling sulit terbakar dalam uji bakar dapat dipilih berdasarkan nilai bakar senyawa dari hasil analisis tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini analisis kimia dari tiga jenis limbah B3, sarung tangan terkontaminasi, lumpur dari instalasi pengolahan limbah dan limbah infeksius rumah sakit, telah dilakukan. Hidrokarbon organic utama (POHC) yang dianalisis dari ketiga limbah ini adalah 1.1 Dichlorethylene, 1.1.1 Trichloroethylene dan Tetrachloroethylene dengan konsentrasi masing-masing sebesar 1.411, 0.311, dan 0.166 mg/kg. Hasil perhitungan indek panas pembakarannya masing-masing adalah 38.45, 57.78 and 84.20. Jadi, Tetrachloroethylene merupakan POHC yang paling sulit terbakar sehingga terpilih sebagai wakil semua POHC yang mungkin terkandung dalam limbah B3 tersebut dalam uji bakar. Sampling untuk emisi Tetrachloroethylene menggunakan metode baku US EPA No. 30. Dalam uji bakar disarankan untuk mengukur emisi partikulat, logam-logam berat, asam khlorida (HCl) dan gas-gas emisi lainnya ((O2, CO, CO2, laju alir gas emisi, kadar air gas) dengan metode sampling baku. Data-data ini dapat digunakan untuk melakukan koreksi dan membantu dalam perhitungan hasil sampling. Kata Kunci: Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3), Uji Bakar (TBT), Efisiensi Penghancuran (DRE), Indek Panas Pembakaran (I), Senyawa Hidrokarbon Organic Utama (POHC). AbstractOne effective way to reduce industrial hazardous wastes is to burn them in the incinerators. A variety of advantages of the waste incineration has caused businesses on employing incinerator for hazardous waste destruction in Indonesia. Regulation of the State Minister for the Environment No. 18/2009 allows business people to have licensesto treat hazardous waste through incinerator but according to the Decree of the Head of the Environmental Management Agency (BAPEDAL) No.: Kep-03/1995 they must meet requirement of achieving 99.99% or more destruction removal efficiency (DRE) and other requirements. A demonstration of achieving DRE is done through a trial burn test (TBT). Prior to TBT, the chemical analyses of the wastes need to be done in the laboratory.Themost difficult compund to be burned in the TBT can be selected based on concentrations and heating values of those results. In this research, chemical analyses of three kinds of waste, contaminated gloves, wasterwater treatment sludge, and infectious medical wastes, have been carried out. The principal organic hydrocarbons (POHCs) analyzedare found to be 1.1 Dichlorethylene, 1.1.1 Trichloroethylene and Tetrachloroethylene with the respective average concentrations of 1.411, 0.311, and 0.166 mg/kg. The respective calculated heat of combustion indexs are 38.45, 57.78 and 84.20. Thus, Tetrachloroethylene is a POHC that is most difficult to be burned and therefore it ischosen to be a representation of all POHCs of the wastes for TBT. Sampling method of Tetrachloroethylene emission uses US EPA Method 30 –Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST). During TBT it is also suggested to measure particulate, metals, chloride acid (HCl), and other emitted gases (O2, CO, CO2, gaseous emission rate, gas watercontent) with standard sampling methods. These data could be use to standarize and support the calculationn of the sampling results. Key words: Hazardous wastes, Trial Burn Test (TBT), Destruction Removal Efficiency (DRE), Heat of Combustion Index (I), Principal Organic Hydrocarbons (POHCs).
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Mangindaan, Dave, Azmier Adib, Harvey Febrianta, and Donald John Calvien Hutabarat. "Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Study of Waste Management in Indonesia in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 2556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052556.
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It is globally known that the COVID-19 pandemic affected all aspects of society, including issues pertaining to health, economic, social, and environmental issues. The pandemic has already continued for two years and counting, and we are now advised to live coexisting with COVID-19 in the new normal era. During this new normal era, especially in Indonesia, many medical wastes (face masks, gloves, goggles, etc.) and other type of wastes are being generated due to COVID-19. However, the waste profile (waste management or waste handling) and the specific waste distribution in Indonesia during COVID-19 is not clearly understood. Therefore, in this study we perform a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of studies published during COVID-19 to describe the aforementioned issues regarding waste management in Indonesia by extracting data from Scopus as a leading indexing service for peer-reviewed publications. From more than 230,000 titles in Scopus regarding COVID-19, there are only 24 titles related to waste management in Indonesia during COVID-19. From the bibliometric analysis of the extracted data from Scopus, it can be observed that there are four clusters of interest, namely (1) medical waste and its processing, (2) COVID-19-related issues, (3) Indonesia and waste management, and (4) solid waste. The study of these issues is essential to obtain not only a clean environment, but also a sustainable future for an Indonesia that is free from COVID-19 and other related diseases in the future. Moreover, the bibliometric analysis also uncovers the research and publication gap for the topic of waste management in Indonesia in the COVID-19 pandemic era.
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MUTER, OLGA. "ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF SAFE USE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN AGRICULTURE." Economic innovations 24, no. 2(83) (June 20, 2022): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2022.24.2(83).139-157.
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Topicality. Spreading the philosophy of sustainable development, where activities preserve natural and social resources for use by future generations without harming the business economy, as well as significant increases in the price of chemical fertilizers due to rising gas prices require ways to reduce the chemical burden on agriculture. The trend of abandoning intensive technologies will be exacerbated by economic leverage - European Union regulations are increasingly banning agrochemicals and introducing a "carbon tax". Therefore, the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer for agricultural production is becoming an urgent issue. Therefore, the use of sewage sludge as fertilizer for agricultural production on the basis of economic efficiency is becoming an urgent issue.Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to consider the economic and technological principles aimed at improving the bioavailability of nutrients and reducing the risk of using biowaste before entering the soil, in the context of the idea of sustainable development.Research results. Sewage sludge (SS) application in agriculture has a beneficial effect on soil organic matter content, sorption capacity and an overall improvement in physical properties. Conversion of SS to a soil amendment can be performed by a broad spectrum of methods, which greatly differ by substrate/amendment composition, treatment time, and physicochemical conditions. Sanitary and epidemiological safety is essential, which is why bio-wastes require processing according to selected technologies that aim to improve the bioavailability of nutrients and reduce hazards before entering the soil. This review provides a more complete overview of the present status of the methods for SS disinfection. The review is focused on i) environmental and legislative aspects of SS application in agriculture; ii) risk factors related to the abundance of bacterial, viral, protozoan and other pathogens in SS and methods of SS hygienization by various physical and chemical treatments; iii) risks of soil pollution with biologically active compounds (e.g., antibiotic resistance genes and other emerging contaminants). For the life cycle assessment, an environmental performance and pathogen risk was considered. The results of such consideration have direct impact on the nature of the applied economic and technological measures. Conclusions and perspectives in this field were formulated, using 102 references, including 49 citations dated by the last five years.Conclusion. Numerous technological approaches on SS treatment have their particular advantages, although disinfection efficiency remains unsatisfactory. Legislative requirements are still based on less resistant indicator organisms. Further comprehensive research on SS treatment should be focused on combination of different physical (especially, thermal) and chemical processes, which would convert SS into a qualitative fertilizer with safe microbiological characteristics. The decrease in energy consumption during drying and the reduction of the management costs of these residues can be relevant economic gains. In general, the application of drying to remove water from sewage sludge should be a balance between energy costs in the process and the management costs without drying.
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Chisholm, Jade Megan, Reza Zamani, Abdelazim M. Negm, Noha Said, Mahmoud M. Abdel daiem, Mahdieh Dibaj, and Mohammad Akrami. "Sustainable waste management of medical waste in African developing countries: A narrative review." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, July 3, 2021, 0734242X2110291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x211029175.
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Africa is the second populous continent, and its population has the fastest growing rate. Some African countries are still plagued by poverty, poor sanitary conditions and limited resources, such as clean drinking water, food supply, electricity, and effective waste management systems. Underfunded healthcare systems, poor training and lack of awareness of policies and legislations on handling medical waste have led to increased improper handling of waste within hospitals, healthcare facilities and transportation and storage of medical waste. Some countries, including Ethiopia, Botswana, Nigeria and Algeria, do not have national guidelines in place to adhere to the correct disposal of such wastage. Incineration is often the favoured disposal method due to the rapid diminishment of up to 90% of waste, as well as production of heat for boilers or for energy production. This type of method – if not applying the right technologies – potentially creates hazardous risks of its own, such as harmful emissions and residuals. In this study, the sustainability aspects of medical waste management in Africa were reviewed to present resilient solutions for health and environment protection for the next generation in Africa. The findings of this research introduce policies, possible advices and solutions associated with sustainability and medical waste management that can support decision-makers in developing strategies for the sustainability by using the eco-friendly technologies for efficient medical waste treatment and disposal methods and also can serve as a link between the healthcare system, decision-makers, and stakeholders in developing health policies and programmes.
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Nassef, Ahmad Salah Edeen, Asila Al Naqbi, Balaqis Al Sheibani, Buthaina Al Badi, and Lamyaa Al Maqbali. "TREATED MEDICAL WASTES CONCRETE." Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction 9, no. 1 (June 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.14455/10.14455/isec.2022.9(1).mat-39.
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Medical wastes are hazardous, toxic and even lethal because of their high potential for disease transmission. The incineration process is the main treatment of medical wastes, relieving the products of incineration process still causes environmental pollution. In the other hand, despite the importance of cement, its production process causes a lot of emission of large quantities of harmful gases, the world's cement manufacturing process contributes about 5% of carbon dioxide emissions, which have negative impacts on the Earth's environment. Both of Bottom Ash (BA) and Fly Ash (FA) are the main outputs of the treatment of the medical wastes by incineration process. This paper studies the effects of the partial replacement of the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) content in the concrete with the treated medical wastes. Either Fly Ash or Bottom Ash is used to replace the cement content at certain percentages. Both of the compressive strength and the workability are tested at 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% of the replacement. The 7.5% replacement of the cement content with the medical waste fly ash gains 87.033% of the proposed concrete characteristic strength after 7 days of curing in pure water and 110.2% of the proposed concrete characteristic strength after 28 days of curing with pure water.
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Corbin, Alexis, Lise Guichaoua, Hiva Baradari, Flavien Gueneau, Xavier Chaucherie, Bruno Gilardin, Thierry Gosset, Cédric Boissière, Lionel Nicole, and Clément Sanchez. "From waste incineration by-products to functional materials: a “Chimie douce” route to VOCs mineral adsorbents." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, February 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05731-1.
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AbstractOne of today’s major world challenges is the accumulation and the storage of tens of millions of tons per year of final materials resulting from the incineration of domestic and industrial waste. This raises the question of the recycling of these “raw materials”, while making allowance for environmental, economic, social and public health aspects. Our strategy targets the incorporation of waste incineration by-products in a totally circular economy. We propose an innovative process combining templated sol–gel growth of an inorganic or hybrid silica-based network with a solubilized fraction of bottom ash coming from the combustion of industrial and household wastes. The resulting materials engineered via aerosol processing demonstrate maximum adsorption capacity of model pollutant compounds (1-2 dichlorobenzene) competitive with activated carbons currently used in modern incineration plants. We believe that they have the potential to replace conventional activated carbon commonly used in incineration plants, enabling the first step of the long road of recycling final waste.
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"Ways to Resolve Global Problem of Collection, Conveyance and Disposal of Hazardous Medical Wastes in Ukraine." International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering 8, no. 4 (December 19, 2019): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d1018.1184s19.
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This scientific paper studies the procedure and specific aspects of collection, conveyance and disposal of hazardous medical wastes in Ukraine. Drawing on analysis of the state of matters in the sphere of collection, conveyance and disposal of hazardous medical wastes in Ukraine, we proposed effective ways to resolve this problem. With a view to improve the procedure for collection, conveyance and disposal of hazardous medical wastes in Ukraine, we proposed, firstly, to strengthen public control over the state procurement with the help of “DoZor public”, an online platform, where everyone can provide a feedback to a state customer or supplier, society or law enforcement authorities regarding the conducted procurement procedure, discuss and evaluate the terms of a particular purchase, and analyze purchases of a particular customer. Secondly, insufficient control by the state also provokes emergence of such situations. In this context, it is expedient to lift the moratorium on inspections of business entities by the controlling bodies. It has been established that the main sources of generation of pharmaceutical and medical wastes in Ukraine are: medical waste from hospitals, health centers, health resorts, outpatient clinics, etc.; materials from laboratories and pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises; tissues and body parts from surgical theaters; expired drug products; medical devices; leftover medicines in the form of liquid medicines, pills, solutions, etc. in a household setting; waste from pharmacies, pharmacy branches and pharmacy kiosks; packaging materials from drug products, etc. The author has investigated the main methods employed for destruction of poor-quality drugs in the form of solid products, powders (pills, capsules, granules, powders for injection), semisolid drugs (creams, gels, ointments) by means of encapsulation, inertization or high-temperature incineration.
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Olanrewaju, O. O., and R. J. Fasinmirin. "Design of Medical Wastes Incinerator for Health Care Facilities in Akure." Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, May 13, 2019, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2019/v5i216919.
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Health Care Facilities (HCFs) are primarily saddled with the responsibilities of providing medical care, thus ensuring sound health of individuals. Tremendous efforts have been made by the government to ensure her availability in nooks and crannies of every community, which have resulted into improved medical services. However, among other environmental challenges confronting health care facilities in developing countries is Medical Waste generated in the course of carrying out their duties which is often ignored and in most instances treated as municipal or domestic solid waste. Effective management of medical waste requires keen planning, training and tracking throughout the waste generation, segregation, storage, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal processes. The fundamental information for selecting and designing the most efficient treatment method of medical waste is obtained by means of Waste Composition Analysis. Results from this study revealed that the daily waste generation rate of Ondo State Specialist Hospital Akure (OSSHA) and Mother and Child Hospital Akure (MCHA) was 124.5 kg/day. The hospitals’ waste consists of 81.6% combustible wastes and 18.4% non-combustible wastes by mass. The combustible wastes are paper (6.50%), textiles (14.34%), cardboard (3.88%), plastics (6.04%) and food waste (19.08%). Since the ratio of combustible medical waste is higher than non-combustible medical waste, incineration (thermal destruction) at elevated temperature under controlled operational condition is considered the best disposal option to detoxify the medical waste. In other to prevent the release of harmful gases from burnt medical waste through incinerator, a counter-current packed bed wet scrubber is designed which operates by impaction and absorption.
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Arigela Sai, Likhitha, Ahad Hindustan Abdul, Haranat Chinthaginjala, Harsha Swamygari Satya, Thanmayadivya Kumbarthi, Sumanth Gopavaram, and Nagarajeswari Ambati. "Effective Disposal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Waste: A Note to the Health Care Professional." International Journal of pharma and Bio Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2021.11.1.p52-58.
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The current appraisal aims to educate and give valuable information about disposal methods adopted in hospitals and health sectors. Many healthcare departments like microbiology labs, pharma industries, medical agencies, healthcare sectors all produce waste which usually contains unsafe materials that should not be exposed untreated to the atmosphere. In these health sectors, many types of wastes are separated as lab debris, chemical, and biological waste. These waste are rich in contaminants and pathogenic microbes which will be more lethal if they are not properly disposed of. The authors describe the various wastes and the definite discarding process to minimize costs and impact on the surroundings. Presently many of these sector professionals have some difficulty in disposal, these issues can be overcome by the systematic and easy plan described by the authors. Specific treatment must be required for this waste before they disposed off. This waste must be washed before introducing them into a particular disposable discard. Medical waste can be disposed of thoroughly as they contain infectious or non-infectious microorganisms. Biological and pharmaceutical waste must be disposed of, to prevent environmental hazards. Among the various approaches adopted for the disposing of these waste includes incineration, autoclaving, chemical disinfection, ignitability, etc. are popularly adopted. Each particular waste can be disposed of in a specific manner. The authors succeed in bringing the systematic approach in the disposal of waste in health care units and concludes that proper disposal is important to reduce the contamination and pollution of the environment and maintain a healthy atmosphere.
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Zhuravlev, PV, AS Kalyuzhin, NV Aleksanina, MA Kalyuzhina, MN Gapon, and TI Tverdokhlebova. "Solid Household and Medical Wastes and COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview." ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT, January 2022, 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2022-30-1-71-78.
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Introduction: This overview provides information on epidemiological aspects of solid waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. It describes the contribution of health care to the increase in the global waste generation and its impact on environmental pollution. It also highlights up-to-date methods of countering the biological threat of pollution with solid household and medical wastes contaminated by SARS-CoV-2. Objective: To analyze publications on changes in the structure and amount of waste during the pandemic with account for the specifics of work of municipal services. Methods: We searched for scientific papers published in 2020–2021 in electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, eLIBRARY and ResearchGate) using the following keywords: COVID-19, medical wastes, environment, and plastic pollution. Out of 97 sources found, we selected 55 papers taking into account the keywords and then reviewed 40 publications for this work. Results: We established that the production of medicinal and other disposable products increased sharply during the coronavirus pandemic. Apart from the additional burden on the environment due to improper disposal of contaminated items, the latter increased the risk of the disease spread. Numerous studies have confirmed the three-day viability of SARS-CoV-2 on plastics, which suggests the persistence of the virus on waste and is important for epidemiological assessment of the situation. This overview describes solid household and medical waste management solutions developed in Russia and abroad. Conclusions: The review confirms the global problem of environmental pollution with solid household wastes. In addition to the increased burden on the environment, inappropriate biologically hazardous waste management and treatment pose the risk of COVID-19 spread in the general population. Effective measures for the disposal of medical waste are being developed around the world now. New standards of solid waste transportation and municipal personnel safety during the pandemic are being elaborated. The overview discusses the existing systems of municipal waste management in different countries and the specifics of work of municipal services related to the novel coronavirus disease.
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S, Deepak, and Sargunan K. "A Review on Perspective Impact of Egg Shell Powder on Durability Behavior of Cement Concrete." International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation, November 2, 2019, 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjmtcon54.
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Dumping of organic waste products without knowing their ideals of other side causes major and various serious environmental degradation problems. In this forum, this paper is mainly focuses on reviewing various eggshell material related research articles published in past years from 2010-2019 in several reputed journals. Various cement concrete material investigations which are partially proportioned with chicken egg shell powder are taken into consideration probably in line with durability study aspects like corrosion resistance. And their outcomes are listed in a way of positive stroke. Chicken egg shell are one of the wastes typically dumped in the ground produces the greenhouse gas emission, ground water contamination etc. Though chicken egg shell powder by raw consists of 94-95% of calcium carbonate (CaCo3) and on incineration turns to calcium oxide (CaO). The use of egg shell in replacement of cement in concrete can have benefits like minimizing use of cement instead of using natural lime. Usually soon after the construction process, the reinforcements got rusted (its volume bulges) and it leads to cracks in the wall and reduces the life of the concrete structure. The one of the reasons cracks produce due to the corrosion of steel in the concrete. That leads to the reducing in strength of the reinforcement bars and cracks formed in the concrete. With respect to the reviews made utilization of egg shell powder in concrete by replacement of cement to a limit which reacts as an economical corrosion resistive product.
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Damnei, Nazanin, Farzam Babaei, and Touraj Dana. "Determining and Rating Environmental Aspects caused by the Production Process of Oxygenating Machine, Infectious Wastes Disinfection Device, and an Autoclave System with an Emphasis on Fuzzy AHP." Journal of Tolooebehdasht, April 4, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/tbj.v18i6.2601.
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Introduction: The medical device industry plays a special role in promoting the health and safety of the community. Its proper and optimal management can also significantly affect the national development of any country in terms of economics, health, medical education, and research. The present study attempted to evaluate the impact of environmental aspects of the medical device manufacturing unit on the environmental quality of the project by examining the impact of activities, production process, equipment, services, and the coefficient of action.
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted with a practical purpose. To identify the environmental aspects in the process of producing oxygenators, infectious waste disinfection device, and autoclave system, the EFMEA method, severity of the environmental consequence, probability of its occurrence, and probability of its discovery were applied using the Fuzzy AHP method.
Results: The results showed that the RPN was at its highest value of 160 before the control measures. This was due to the excessive energy consumption and air pollutant emission, which reached 40 after taking the control measures. In the process of manufacturing the above-mentioned apparatus, it was found that the welding activity in the production process of normal weight oxygenator was 0.223. The staining activity in the production process of wastes disinfection device with a normal weight of 0.216 and thewelding activity in the autoclave production process with a normal weight of 0.187 had the highest environmental priority.
Conclusion: According to the results, environmental aspects differ in various devices and we cannot generalize the results by periodization of one device.
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Shobana, Shekar, Krishnan Amudhalakshmi, Golla Usha Rao*, and Monisha Khatri*. "COVID-19 Precautions Imperils Ecosystems." RGUHS Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.26463/rjms.11_2_11.
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Though coronavirus disease COVID alarm is handled meticulously this pandemic situation has escalated the consumption of various non-woven single-use plastic-based polymers in the form of personal protective equipment masks and gloves etc. When these healthcare wastes are disposed the major negative aspects of secondary environment catastrophes associated with biomedical waste management BMW are emerging as a new issue to tackle. Environmental performance index is globally jeopardized due to this hazardous waste management. This review highlights the consequences of unplanned environmental disposal of medical waste the threats posed to our ecosystem by this unprecedented situation and the various eco-friendly options available to handle the current scenario.
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Arshad, Muhammad, Abdur Rahman Ansari, Rahman Qadir, Mudassir Hussain Tahir, Ans Nadeem, Tahir Mehmood, Hesham Alhumade, and Nasrullah Khan. "Green electricity generation from biogas of cattle manure: An assessment of potential and feasibility in Pakistan." Frontiers in Energy Research 10 (August 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2022.911485.
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In several countries, organic or municipal solid wastes, such as cattle and buffalo manure, have become a serious political and environmental issue owing to organic waste incineration and garbage disposal. To overcome this problem, biogas production from manure, a green treatment that both contributes to the availability of sustainable energy and assists in reducing global warming, was considered. The current study was conducted on the generation of green electricity using cattle and buffalo manure in Pakistan. In 2021, Pakistan has generated 102.742-terawatt hour (TWh) of electricity collectively; biogas share in total production accounted for only 0.98%, which is approximately 1 TWh. Unfortunately, most of the electricity was generated from nonrenewable energy sources. One large animal produces 9–10 kg of manure per day. A system for manure collection can be developed; 30% of total manure produced every day by cattle and buffalo can be collected. Such a type of system is already used for the collection of poultry manure. Pakistan has been blessed with almost 42.4 million buffaloes and 51.5 million cattle. The annual collection of manure from cattle and buffalo at the rate of 30% will be 92.53 million tons. From this manure, approximately 4.63 billion m3 of biogas can be produced and 70% can be collected, which will be 3.24 billion m3. Thus, Pakistan has the potential of generating 19.79 TWh of electricity per day from cattle and buffalo manure. Biogas has the potential to generate over 20% of Pakistan’s total electricity. At the farm level, 100 cattle ranches with 60% collected manure can create roughly 57% of their total consumed electricity. Slurry, a byproduct of anaerobic digestion, can be used as a biofertilizer in fields. It is possible to use cattle manure to make biogas, which is “made by fermentation of organic waste in the absence of oxygen.” It aids in the reduction of fossil fuel dependency, solid waste management, and air pollution control by lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas contributes to the three pillars of sustainable development: economic, environmental, and social development. Biogas contributes significantly to the SDGs and other aspects of sustainable development.
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Ki, Dongwon, Shin Young Kang, Gyeonghoon Ma, and Han Jin Oh. "Application of Waste Plastic Films in Road Infrastructure and Construction." Frontiers in Sustainability 2 (September 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2021.756723.
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Recycling waste synthetic resins, including rigid and film plastics, is a pressing issue worldwide due to the issues associated with waste treatment. Using products originating only from plastic wastes could be a promising way to improve the waste recycling rate and address plastic consumption. This study presents the applications of waste plastic films (WPFs) in urban infrastructure and construction materials, especially bearing loads. WPF-recycled products (WPF-RPs) were evaluated for mechanical properties, including strength (compressive and tensile), thermal expansion coefficient, accelerated weathering, dynamic stability, and environmental aspects, such as the presence of hazardous substances. Subsequent tests confirmed moderate strength, good weathering stability against solar irradiation, and superior road pavement vehicle load through wheel-tracking tests compared with the standards for asphalt. Additionally, hazardous substances were mostly not detected or were under permissible limits in the composition and leachate contents of WPF-RPs. After using temporary pavement blocks (TPBs) from WPFs at a field site for one month, we conducted slip resistance tests which gave a result of ~33 British pendulum number, indicating the possible application of WPF-RPs in low-speed driving sections, according to the Korean standards of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Moreover, it was confirmed that fastening structures installed between the TPBs can improve backfilling and compaction defects. This practical research highlights the possible applications of products produced from WPFs for infrastructure development, such as filling materials for burial pipes or tubes; however, these potential aspects should be tested further.
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Zhou, Yang, Fatma İnce, Haikun Teng, Mohammed K. A. Kaabar, Jiajun Xu, and Xiao-Guang Yue. "Waste management within the scope of environmental public awareness based on cross-sectional survey and social interviews." Frontiers in Environmental Science 10 (October 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.1030525.
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Since the natural resources of the world are not unlimited, the effective use of resources and the access of future generations to these resources concern all societies on a global scale. From this point of view, waste management strategies should be examined in terms of medical, household, and other waste types. Thereby, this study aims to examine the level of public awareness in waste management by studying the perception, perspective, practice about waste’s aspects. The survey in this study mentions questions on waste management knowledge, public awareness, and behaviors among social interviews of pharmacy students receiving laboratory training in the field of health. Internal consistency reliability is used to verify the uniformity of questions in this study. Pearson correlation, t-test, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are performed to study the differences between groups. The results of the data analysis show that public awareness and waste management knowledge, public awareness, and behaviors have a significant positive correlation, which provides us with a good basis for designing environmental strategies. The first module’s outcomes of the questionnaire reveal a high degree of waste management among students. On the contrary, woman participants demonstrate a higher public awareness and application of the environment. Furthermore, there are significant correlations between the other modules and demographic factors with family education. According to the results, the public awareness of the participants who were members of an environmental organization is different from others. Finally, the participants state that the problem of not managing wastes effectively causes the most damage to the soil and all other natural resources after water.
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Sasireka, Krishnan Sundarrajan, and Pottail Lalitha. "Biogenic synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles and their applications." Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry, February 11, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revic-2020-0024.
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Abstract The current advancements in nanotechnology suggest a sustainable development in the green synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) through green approaches. Though challenging, nano phyto technology has versatile methods to achieve desired unique properties like optic, electronic, magnetic, therapeutic, and catalytic efficiencies. Bio-inspired, facile synthesis of bifunctional BMNPs is possible using abundant, readily available natural plant sources, bio-mass wastes and microorganisms. Synergistic effects of two different metals on mixing, bring new insight for the vast applications, which is not achievable in using monometallic NPs. By adopting bio-inspired greener approaches for synthesizing NPs, the risk of environmental toxicity caused by conventional physicochemical methods become negligible. This article hopes to provide the significance of cost-effective, one-step, eco-friendly and facile synthesis of noble/transition bimetallic NPs. This review article endows an overview of the bio-mediated synthesis of bimetallic NPs, classifications of BMNPs, current characterization techniques, possible mechanistic aspects for reducing metal ions, and the stability of formed NPs and bio-medical/industrial applications of fabricated NPs. The review also highlights the prospective future direction to improve reliability, reproducibility of biosynthesis methods, its actual mechanism in research works and extensive application of biogenic bimetallic NPs.
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Chowdhury, Md Arif, Sara Nowreen, Nusrat Jahan Tarin, Md Robiul Hasan, Rashed Uz Zzaman, and Nazaha Izdihar Amatullah. "WASH and MHM experiences of disabled females living in Dhaka slums of Bangladesh." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, October 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2022.060.
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Abstract The rapid expansion of slums with increasing population density are the main barriers to scaling-up sustainable Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) facilities in the megalopolis of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The improper arrangement of ‘Cheap WASH’ (i.e., water access, sanitation access, and hygiene practices) and unmanaged disposal of non-biodegradable menstrual hygiene wastes, single-use medical, and plastic usage at slums are making the environment of city surroundings unfavourable and vulnerable posing a great threat to public health. Among the slum-dwellers, particularly, females with a disability are mostly the worst affected and vulnerable due to unfavourable conditions and lack of necessary support. Following the backdrops, this study purposively selected two Dhaka slums, with and without disabled-friendly facilities, to investigate female perspectives on different aspects related to WASH and menstrual hygiene management (MHM) for females with a disability. In total, 30 in-depth interviews, 12 focus group discussions, and 22 key informant interviews were conducted at Korail and Kalyanpur slums. Case studies from the megalopolis of Dhaka, Bangladesh, capture the economic burden added to the budgetary deficits of the family with female-disabled. Discrimination in extra care needed for toilet facilities, MHM education, and transport and overlooking the caretaker's requirement or loss in income are found as additional burdens.