Academic literature on the topic 'Medical screening Moral and ethical aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Medical screening Moral and ethical aspects"
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Shultz, Blake N., Benjamin Tolchin, and Katherine L. Kraschel. "The “Rules of the Road”: Ethics, Firearms, and the Physician's “Lane”." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, S4 (2020): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520979415.
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Physicians play a critical role in preventing and treating firearm injury, although the scope of that role remains contentious and lacks systematic definition. This piece aims to utilize the fundamental principles of medical ethics to present a framework for physician involvement in firearm violence. Physicians' agency relationship with their patients creates ethical obligations grounded on three principles of medical ethics — patient autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. Taken together, they suggest that physicians ought to engage in clinical screening and treatment related to firearm violence. The principle of beneficence also applies more generally, but more weakly, to relations between physicians and society, creating nonobligatory moral ideals. Balanced against physicians' primary obligations to patient agency relationships, general beneficence suggests that physicians may engage in public advocacy to address gun violence, although they are not ethically obligated to do so. A fourth foundational principle — justice — requires that clinicians attempt to ensure that the benefits and burdens of healthcare are distributed fairly.
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Ilieva, Antonia G. "Ethical and Legal Aspects of Medical Screening for Early Diagnosis of Diseases. Prevention and Prophylaxis." Folia Medica 61, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.61.e39410.
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Introduction: The main priorities of the implemented health policies in the Republic of Bulgaria are directly aimed at preserving and improving the health of the population, providing equal access of patients to modern and efficient healthcare, promptness and quality, in compliance with the normative requirements of the offered health service. In this sense, the focus of these health policies is to prioritize prevention and prophylaxis of early diagnosis of diseases. It is much more reasonable to prevent the disease or to manage it at an early stage than to slow down the treatment until the pathological processes develop into severe or irreversible complications. Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effectiveness of existing legal acts governing the implementation of a common health policy in the field of health promotion and prevention. Another aim is to localize regulatory gaps and make relevant optimization suggestions. Materials and methods: The analysis of this systematic review is based on a thorough review of the existing regulatory framework (statutory and regulative legislation, case law, European practice) that concerns public health. Articles focused directly on the issues of medical screening and public health in a national and global perspective have been studied.Results: Two major legal acts, two regulations and strategies of the World Health Organization are considered. Suggestions for optimization of the control activity of the administrative bodies in the sector are presented. Conclusions: From the analysis done, proposals for optimization of the existing legal framework in the sector of health-care were made. The proposals were made based on the results of the analysis of w8orld trends regarding the methodology for state funding of medical screening for early diagnosis of diseases. The issue in question is up to date and raises issues related to legislative regulation, moral, ethical and deontological principles to which the medical profession adheres, as well as the health policy that is followed by the Ministry of Health in this aspect.
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Verweij, Marcel, and Koen Kramer. "Donor blood screening and moral responsibility: how safe should blood be?" Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 3 (February 11, 2016): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2015-103338.
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Some screening tests for donor blood that are used by blood services to prevent transfusion-transmission of infectious diseases offer relatively few health benefits for the resources spent on them. Can good ethical arguments be provided for employing these tests nonetheless? This paper discusses—and ultimately rejects—three such arguments. According to the ‘rule of rescue’ argument, general standards for cost-effectiveness in healthcare may be ignored when rescuing identifiable individuals. The argument fails in this context, however, because we cannot identify beforehand who will benefit from additional blood screening tests. On the ‘imposed risk’ argument, general cost-effectiveness standards do not apply when healthcare interventions impose risks on patients. This argument ignores the fact that imposing risks on patients is inevitable in healthcare and that these risks can be countered only within reasonable limits. Finally, the ‘manufacturing standard’ argument premises that general cost-effectiveness standards do not apply to procedures preventing the contamination of manufactured medical products. We contend that while this argument seems reasonable insofar as commercially manufactured medical products are concerned, publicly funded blood screening tests should respect the standards for general healthcare. We conclude that these particular arguments are unpersuasive, and we offer directions to advance the debate.
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Bremer, Anders, María Jiménez Herrera, Christer Axelsson, Dolors Burjalés Martí, Lars Sandman, and Gian Luca Casali. "Ethical values in emergency medical services." Nursing Ethics 22, no. 8 (October 28, 2014): 928–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014551597.
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Background: Ambulance professionals often address conflicts between ethical values. As individuals’ values represent basic convictions of what is right or good and motivate behaviour, research is needed to understand their value profiles. Objectives: To translate and adapt the Managerial Values Profile to Spanish and Swedish, and measure the presence of utilitarianism, moral rights and/or social justice in ambulance professionals’ value profiles in Spain and Sweden. Methods: The instrument was translated and culturally adapted. A content validity index was calculated. Pilot tests were carried out with 46 participants. Ethical considerations: This study conforms to the ethical principles for research involving human subjects and adheres to national laws and regulations concerning informed consent and confidentiality. Findings: Spanish professionals favoured justice and Swedish professionals’ rights in their ambulance organizations. Both countries favoured utilitarianism least. Gender differences across countries showed that males favoured rights. Spanish female professionals favoured justice most strongly of all. Discussion: Swedes favour rights while Spaniards favour justice. Both contexts scored low on utilitarianism focusing on total population effect, preferring the opposite, individualized approach of the rights and justice perspectives. Organizational investment in a utilitarian perspective might jeopardize ambulance professionals’ moral right to make individual assessments based on the needs of the patient at hand. Utilitarianism and a caring ethos appear as stark opposites. However, a caring ethos in its turn might well involve unreasonable demands on the individual carer’s professional role. Since both the justice and rights perspectives portrayed in the survey mainly concern relationship to the organization and peers within the organization, this relationship might at worst be given priority over the equal treatment and moral rights of the patient. Conclusion: A balanced view on ethical perspectives is needed to make professionals observant and ready to act optimally – especially if these perspectives are used in patient care. Research is needed to clarify how justice and rights are prioritized by ambulance services and whether or not these organization-related values are also implemented in patient care.
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Corley, Mary C., Ptlene Minick, R. K. Elswick, and Mary Jacobs. "Nurse Moral Distress and Ethical Work Environment." Nursing Ethics 12, no. 4 (July 2005): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733005ne809oa.
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This study examined the relationship between moral distress intensity, moral distress frequency and the ethical work environment, and explored the relationship of demographic characteristics to moral distress intensity and frequency. A group of 106 nurses from two large medical centers reported moderate levels of moral distress intensity, low levels of moral distress frequency, and a moderately positive ethical work environment. Moral distress intensity and ethical work environment were correlated with moral distress frequency. Age was negatively correlated with moral distress intensity, whereas being African American was related to higher levels of moral distress intensity. The ethical work environment predicted moral distress intensity. These results reveal a difference between moral distress intensity and frequency and the importance of the environment to moral distress intensity.
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Asgari, Sharareh, Vida Shafipour, Zohreh Taraghi, and Jamshid Yazdani-Charati. "Relationship between moral distress and ethical climate with job satisfaction in nurses." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 346–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017712083.
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Background: Moral distress and ethical climate are important issues in the workplace that appear to affect people’s quality of work life. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the relationship of moral distress and ethical climate to job satisfaction in critical care nurses. Materials and methods: This descriptive-correlation study was conducted on 142 critical care nurses, selected from five social security hospitals in north Iran through census sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Moral Distress Scale–Revised, the Olson’s Hospital Ethical Climate Survey, and the Brayfield and Rothe Job Satisfaction index. Ethical considerations: The research project was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences and the Medical Deputy of the Social Security Organization. Findings: The mean scores obtained by the critical care nurses for moral distress, ethical climate, and job satisfaction were 87.02 ± 44.56, 3.51 ± 0.53, and 62.64 ± 9.39, respectively. Although no significant relationships were observed between moral distress and job satisfaction, the relationship between ethical climate and job satisfaction was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Identifying ethical stressors in the workplace and giving proper feedback to the authorities to eliminate these factors and improve the ethical climate in these workplaces can help enhance job satisfaction in nurses and lead to higher quality care.
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Oelhafen, Stephan, Settimio Monteverde, and Eva Cignacco. "Exploring moral problems and moral competences in midwifery: A qualitative study." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 5 (March 27, 2018): 1373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018761174.
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Background: Most undergraduate midwifery curricula comprise ethics courses to strengthen the moral competences of future midwives. By contrast, surprisingly little is known about the specific moral competences considered to be relevant for midwifery practice. Describing these competences not only depends on generic assumptions about the moral nature of midwifery practice but also reflects which issues practitioners themselves classify as moral. Objective: The goal of this study was to gain insight into the ethical issues midwives encounter in their daily work, the key competences and resources they consider indispensable to understand and deal with them, and to assess phenomena linked to moral distress. Methods: We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with eight midwives and two other health professionals, varying in terms of years of experience and work setting. Interview transcripts were analyzed in an interdisciplinary research group, following thematic analysis. Ethical considerations: This study was not subject to approval according to the Swiss Law on Research with Humans. Participants were informed about the study goals and gave written informed consent prior to participation. Results: External constraints limiting the midwife’s and the patient’s autonomy and resulting interpersonal conflicts were found to be the most relevant ethical issues encountered in clinical practice and were most often associated with moral distress. These conflicts often arise in the context of medical interventions midwives consider as not appropriate and situations in which less experienced midwives in particular observe a lack of both interprofessional communication and trust in their professional competence. Ethical issues related to late abortions or prenatal diagnostics and selective abortions were also frequently addressed, but many midwives involved had learned to cope with them. Discussion: In the light of the ethical issues and factors contributing to phenomena of moral distress, an empirically grounded profile of moral competences is drafted. Curricular implications in the light of possible adaptations within undergraduate midwifery education are critically discussed.
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Piryani, R. M. "Medical ethics education." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i1.12557.
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Ethics education is essential for everyone but indispensable for health care professionals. Health care professionals must strive for excellence as much as possible. The moral duty of health care professionals is to do the best for their patients and take healthcare decision based on evidence and clinical, technical and ethical ground. However, most of the times ethical aspects are either ignored, undermined or overlooked. There seems to be some gap in teaching and learning and its application in practice. The fundamental idea to teach medical ethics at undergraduate level is to sow the seeds to ethics at an early stage in the minds of health care professionals to deliver excellent health care to the community. All religions prescribe ethical and moral behaviour and thought for their followers. Hinduism through Bhagwat Gita preaches karma as the only dharma, Islam speaks of Khuluq, Buddhism of the 10 meritorious deeds, Jainism of three ratnas, Christianity of service and stewardship. Let’s invest our efforts in enhancing medical ethics education in our institutions besides technical education and produce quality healthcare professionals who can take healthcare decision based on evidence, and clinical, technical and ethical ground.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i1.12557
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ASLAMOVA, M. "ACCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF IMPROVING MORAL-ETHICAL QUALITIES OF THE FUTURE DOCTOR." ТHE SOURCES OF PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS, no. 20 (November 22, 2017): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2075-146x.2017.20.209479.
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The author analyzes the problem of upbringing the moral and ethical qualities of the future doctor through the prism of the value perception of professional requirements, reveals the tasks of educational influence on the student in the educational process, ensures the formation of a humanistic, professionally verified system of values as a basis for perfect moral choice in professional activity. With the purpose of research, the criteria (motivational-value, cognitive, procedural-analytical) and levels (elementary, low, medium, high) education of the moral and ethical qualities of the future doctor, which can be achieved in the educational process of medical education, are described and described. requirements for professional activities in the field of medicine. The means of the confirmatory experiment noted how stable the pattern of positive dynamics of education of moral and ethical qualities of future physicians from the first to the graduation course, which was achieved by the traditional means of organizing the educational process in higher education, which allows us to conclude that the orientation of professional training for the education of each student as highly moral, conscious regarding his professional duty of the individual. As a direction of further research, a hypothesis was formulated in relation to the growth of the established dynamics, provided that the future system of exercises that include the axiological aspect of the education of moral and ethical qualities is included in the humanitarian training of future physicians.
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Zhang, Na, Mingfang Li, Zhenxing Gong, and Dingxin Xu. "Effects of ethical leadership on nurses’ service behaviors." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 6 (August 5, 2018): 1861–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018787220.
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Background: Nurses’ service behaviors have critical implications for hospitals. However, few studies had adequate ethical considerations of service behaviors and accounted for how organizational or individual antecedents can induce nurses to engage in service behaviors. In addition, they mainly focused on the one side of role-prescribed or extra-role service behavior. Objective: This study aims to explore the chained mediation effect of ethical climate and moral sensitivity on the relationship between organizational ethical leadership and nurses’ service behaviors and to examine the relationship, from a comparative view, of the role-prescribed service behavior and extra-role service behavior. Methods: In all, 476 nurses from three tertiary hospitals were investigated with the Ethical Leadership Scale, Ethical Climate Scale, Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and Service Behavior Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was adopted to analyze the data. SPSS and Mplus statistical software was used in the data analysis. Ethical considerations: Approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee at School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University. Data privacy and confidentiality were maintained and assured by obtaining subjects’ informed consent to participate in the research before data collection. Results: The effects of ethical leadership on nurses’ service behaviors are mediated by two variables in turn: ethical climate and nurses’ moral sensitivity. Ethical climate and moral sensitivity partially mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and nurses’ role-prescribed service behavior and fully mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and nurses’ extra-role service behavior. Conclusion: Organizational ethical leadership positively affected ethical climate, which positively affected nurses’ moral sensitivity and affected both their role-prescribed service behavior and extra-role service behavior.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical screening Moral and ethical aspects"
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Benshalom, Edna. "Moral dilemmas of medical students : a study of ethical aspects of medical training." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30935.
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This study examines the ethical reality of medical students, and ethical curricular aspects of medical school. The 'received curriculum' is analysed using a combined interdisciplinary theoretical framework of 'Ethics' and 'Curriculum'. Defined in terms of students' experience of the curriculum, and the participants' perceived moral reality, the study was framed within a phenomenological-interpretive research paradigm. Content analysis of the 'narrative corpus' obtained by 38 open questionnaires addressed to sixth-year medical students, and by 21 interviews with medical students and senior faculty members, was conducted. Based on students' interviews, holistic 'ethical profiles' were produced, and proved to be significantly informative. The study shows that during their clinical training years, medical students cope with daily contextual moral dilemmas that relate to their culture and status and involve subtle, elaborately-calculated decisions. The student's authentic, reflective and analytical accounts of their ethical dilemmas, lead to the novel concept of students' 'moral awareness'. This increasing awareness of ethical dilemmas complexity sheds light on an adult ethical-cognitive stage, characterised by pragmatic thinking focused on content, and by internalisation of relativism and contradictions. The study further demonstrates the significance of students' experience for viewing and evaluating curriculum: the students, who perceived their ethics 'received curriculum' in its totality, consequently offered important insights concerning ethical processes, thus enriching the 'traditional' medical school curricular thought.
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Lau, Yvonne, and n/a. "The enthusiasm for disease screening : an ethical critique with a sociological perspective." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090121.085918.
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Screening is generally considered a useful strategy in the prevention of chronic diseases. The notion is that early detection through the use of certain screening tests can facilitate effective preventive measures to be undertaken which can then lead to improved prognosis from or ultimate avoidance of serious clinical diseases. The enthusiasm for screening in the United States is high and can be seen by the size of public demand for it. Rapid technological advances and knowledge expansion in the past decade have further facilitated the introduction of new tests and screening opportunities. In the mean time, the concept of screening has undergone subtle changes. Previous emphasis on clear and demonstrable population health benefits has been slowly replaced by an emphasis on individual responsibility for the surveillance of personal health risks. Disease screening is frequently advocated as part of a health promotion programme. As a clinician who has worked in breast cancer screening and who is wary of the complexities and problems associated with disease screening, my contention is that the enthusiasm for screening may not ultimately be conducive to health and well-being.
This thesis represents an effort to understand the popularity and enthusiasm for disease screening, how it has come about and, why it may not be conducive to health and well-being. The thesis begins with a description of the phenomenon to be followed by a detailed examination of the scientific principles behind disease screening. It then moves on to discover how the phenomenon might have come about by first considering the evolution of biomedicine over the centuries and then its present endeavour in the form of surveillance medicine as well as the latter�s relationship with today�s market economy. Using relevant case studies that involve, for example, cancer and prenatal genetic screening, this thesis explores different concerns relating to health and well-being, including such topics as the creation of health roles, the reconfiguration of human values and interpersonal relationships as well as medicalisation. A final chapter offers an account of health and well-being and sums up why the enthusiasm for screening may not be conducive to health and well-being.
The enthusiasm for screening compels people to assume health as a moral virtue. Screening is turned into a ritual that people consume to attain salvation. Since diseases may lead to death, diseases must be avoided though screening. Yet health is not just about the absence of disease. Health and well-being can only be realised by the individual within the context of the individual�s life as a whole. The institution of biomedicine has undeniable responsibility to ensure that screening will not be used to the detriment of individuals� health and well-being. Without condemning disease screening as a potentially useful tool in the prevention of disease, this thesis advocates prudence in its utilisation. People must not be compelled to attend screening through programmes of promotion (commercially related or not). Rather, autonomous decisions must be facilitated as far as possible through the provision of clear, accurate and factual information.
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Pierce, Lynn Margaret. "Physicians who write about talking with patients : the interview." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56935.
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This thesis critically reviews medical journal literature on the physician-patient interview. The review focuses on literature which is written by and for physicians, in Canadian and American, English language medical journals. Articles, essays and letters to the editor are examined as a cultural exchange amongst physicians that both shapes and is shaped by the values of the medical profession. Chapter One presents literature concerning physician-patient communication in general. The following Chapters Two, Three and Four ("The Physician as Medical Interpreter," "Physician and Patient: in Conflict and in Silence," and "The Patient as Narrator,") focus on themes in the medical journal literature written by physicians on the clinical interview. These Chapters examine the values, explicit and implicit, of this literature. The values are examined for possible epistemological origins in traditional medical ethics, philosophical bioethics, contemporary social movements for the dignity and rights of the individual, and other sources. Thematic shifts in these values over the past twenty years, and the sources of these shifts, are also examined. Finally, the Conclusion evaluates the significance of this literature for the development of a medical morality.
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Hurlimann, Thierry. "The duty to treat very defective neonates as "persons" : from the legal and moral personhood of very defective neonates to their best interests in medical treatment." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80929.
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The dramatic improvement of neonatal intensive care has produced vexing ethical and legal questions. One of the most striking issues is to determine whether the most defective neonates should be provided with intensive care and to what extent they should be treated. This thesis demonstrates that an attempt to answer this question and an analysis of the demands and limitations of a duty to treat defective neonates cannot properly occur without first considering the legal concerns and ethical issues surrounding the notion of "person". The author examines germane ethical theories and North-American jurisprudence to see what approaches and standards commentators and courts have adopted in this respect. This thesis demonstrates that in the context of the cessation or non-initiation of intensive care, the legal and moral status of very defective neonates remain ambiguous. In particular, the author suggests that a legal best interests analysis that includes quality of life considerations may actually involve the use of criteria similar to those supported by the authors of the controversial moral theories that negate the personhood of seriously handicapped newborns. The author ultimately concludes that a clear divide between the legal definition of the "person" and the moral and social perceptions of that term is misleading.
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Brouillet, Miriam. "Is it justified to patent human genetic resources?" Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19699.
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In the past century, the scope of patentable objects has greatly expanded. Patents are now being granted on living organisms, human biological material and genes. What are the consequences of such practices for scientific research and health care? One of the fundamental philosophical questions behind this issue is the following: are we justified in patenting human genetic material? An examination of the traditional philosophical justification of intellectual property will allow us to critically explore whether or not this practice is ethically justifiable. It will be argued that the consequentialist justification of intellectual property requires, in this present case, that we modify the patent regimes in order to maximise social benefits and minimize public burdens.
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Johnston, Sharon 1972. "Double agent dilemma : the Canadian physician: patient advocate and social agent." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30308.
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This thesis considers the rationalization of health care in Canada. It focuses on the conflicting roles modern physicians play in our system, acting as both patient advocate and social agent. It begins by tracing the origin of both of these duties. It then examines the ethical, professional, and legal issues which arise in the limited circumstances where front-line physicians must participate in the rationing of health care. It offers a framework for resolving the double agent dilemma and states five interlocking recommendations which are the building blocks of the resolution.
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Bigney, Mark W. "Neither mechanic nor high priest : moral suasion and the physician-patient relationship." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99576.
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The most ordinary man or woman has means of knowledge concerning his own feelings and circumstances that immeasurably surpass those that anyone else can have.-John Stuart Mill, On LibertyOne feature that varies within competing conceptions of medical shared decision-making is how a patient's values are to be engaged by a physician. One detail that can be overlooked under "shared" decision-making is whether or not a physician ought (or be allowed) to attempt to persuade the patient to adopt particular health-related values. Some argue that it is incumbent on a physician to share her privileged understanding of medicine so as to help her patient embrace "better" values. This thesis argues that it is dangerous to patient autonomy for a physician to exert moral suasion on her patient to attempt to influence or change those values; the danger lies in the power imbalance between patients and physicians that seems inherent in medical encounters, and is exacerbated by the sick role. Thus, while a physician ought to help her patient articulate his health-related values, she ought not try to change them.
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Limentani, Alexander Esmond. "A certain sympathy : a study in moral philosophy and its application to certain aspects of healthcare." Thesis, University of Kent, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242862.
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Esser, Jan Hendrik. "Who cares? : moral reflections on business in healthcare." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52612.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This evaluation serves the purpose of illuminating concepts and ideas behind the moral impact of business values in healthcare and to establish a framework for the analysis of moral dilemmas found in the sphere ofbio-medical ethics. The historic developments of business in healthcare are examined, looking at how and why business became an integral part of the health care system. The concept of "managed healthcare" is introduced and used as the context in which the different institutional role-players are brought together. Managed healthcare is defined by a discussion of the different organisational structures through which it manifests itself. The policies, procedures and regulations that managed healthcare organisations implement and control to fulfil their general function are also examined. Some normative aspects pertaining to the concept of managed health care are explored, including the institutional values of business and that of medicine. A brief discussion of the economic system in which the business agents or role players function are included in the evaluation of the institutional values of business. Further arguments are made to show how the healthcare system with all its role players displays the characteristics of a complex system. Discussions on the fundamental values of medicine concentrate on the basic ideas behind virtues and principles of medical ethics. It is argued that the development of these virtues and principles are important foundations on which the medical profession stands. The moral impact of combining these institutional values within the context of managed healthcare relationships is examined and some important moral dilemmas or conflicts are identified. It is further argued that the fundamental relationships between all the role players in the health care system have changed as all the agents function within a complex system, giving rise to new organisational structures and relationships, with new conceptual roles, ideals, values and practices.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie evaluasie het dit ten doelom sekere konsepte en idees agter die morele impak van besigheidswaardes in gesondheidsorg te illumineer en om 'n raamwerk daar te stel vir die verdere analise van morele dilemmas in die sfeer van bio-mediese etiek. Die historiese ontwikkeling van besigheid in gesondheidsorg word verken deur die redes aan te voer waarom besigheid deel van die gesondheidsorgsisteem geword het. Die konsep "bestuurde gesondheidsorg" word gebruik as die konteks waarin die verskillende institusionele rolspelers bymekaar gebring word. Bestuurde gesondheidsorg word gedefinieer deur die verskillende organisatoriese strukture waardeur dit manifesteer. Die prosedures, regulasies en bereid wat bestuurde gesondheidsorgorganisasies implementeer om hul funksies te vervul word ook verken. Normatiewe aspekte van bestuurde gesondheidsorg word verken, waarby ingesluit word die institusionele waardes van besigheid sowel as dié van medisyne. 'n Kort beskrywing van die ekonomiese sisteem waarin die besigheidsagente, of rolspelers funksioneer word ingesluit by die evaluasie van die institusionele waardes van besigheid. Verdere argumente word gevoer om te wys daarop hoe die gesondheidsorgsisteem met al sy rolspelers die karakter toon van 'n komplekse sisteem. Die basiese idees agter deugsaamheid en morele beginsels van bio-mediese etiek word bespreek om die fundamentele waardes van medisyne te beskryf. Daar word geargumenteer dat die ontwikkeling van hierdie waardes 'n belangrike fondament is waarop die mediese professie staan. Die morele impak van die kombinasie tussen die institusionele waardes van besigheid en medisyne binne die konteks van bestuurde gesondheidsorg word geevalueer en belanrike morele dilemmas en konflikte word geidentifiseer. Verder word geargumenteer dat die fundamenrele verhouding tussen al die rol spelers in die gesondheidsisteem verander het danksy die funksionering van die agente binne hierdie komplekse sisteem. Dit lei op sy beurt na veranderinge in organisatoriese strukture en verhoudinge met nuwe konsepsuele rolle, idiale, waardes en praktyke.
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Hon, Wai-fan, and 韓慧芬. "Fraud in clinical research: perceptions amongclinical investigators and biomedical researchers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724414.
Full textBooks on the topic "Medical screening Moral and ethical aspects"
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Fischer, Michael W., and Markus Hengstschläger. Genetic screening. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2009.
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Haker, Hille. Ethik der genetischen Frühdiagnostik: Sozialethische Reflexionen zur Verantwortung am Beginn des menschlichen Lebens. Paderborn: Mentis, 2002.
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Juth, Niklas. Genetic information values and rights: The morality of presymptomatic genetic testing. Göteburg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2005.
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Bellino, Raffaello Maria. Critica della ragione predittiva: L'etica tra scienza e nescienza. Bari: Levante, 2004.
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Zakharov, I. A. GenEtika, ili, Rozhatʹ, nelʹzi︠a︡ klonirovatʹ. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo SO RAN, 2003.
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Christian, Munthe, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. The Ethics of Screening in Health Care and Medicine: Serving Society or Serving the Patient? Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2012.
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Kollek, Regine. Der medizinische Blick in die Zukunft: Gesellschaftliche Implikationen prädiktiver Gentests. Frankfurt am Main: Campus, 2008.
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Conference, CIOMS. Genetics, ethics, and human values: Human genome mapping, genetic screening, and gene therapy : proceedings of the XXIVth CIOMS Conference, Tokyo and Inuyama City, Japan, 22-27 July 1990. Geneva: Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, 1991.
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Leuzinger-Bohleber, Marianne. The Janus face of prenatal diagnostics: A European study bridging ethics, psychoanalysis, and medicine. London: Karnac, 2008.
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1959-, Rehmann-Sutter Christoph, and Müller Hj, eds. Disclosure dilemmas: Ethics of genetic prognosis after the 'right to know/not to know' debate. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub., 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Medical screening Moral and ethical aspects"
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Kasher, Asa. "At the Edge of Viability: Philosophical, Moral and Ethical Aspects and Proposals." In The Embryo: Scientific Discovery and Medical Ethics, 371–400. Basel: KARGER, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000082237.
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"Human Rights: Moral Ethical Social Medical and Legal Aspects." In Multidimensional Curriculum Enhancing Future Thinking Literacy, 198–219. Brill | Sense, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004375208_012.
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Parker, Mike, Mehrunisha Suleman, and Tony Hope. "Medical ethics." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth, Christopher P. Conlon, and Timothy M. Cox, 20–25. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0005.
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Medicine is both a scientific and a moral enterprise. It is as important to give reasons for the ethical aspects of clinical decisions as it is for the scientific aspects. The corollary of evidence-based medicine is reason-based ethics. Two concepts central to many ethical aspects of clinical practice are autonomy and best interests. Evidence-based medicine emphasizes the importance of critical assessment: interventions should be evaluated on the basis of evidence, not tradition. Critical skills are therefore crucial to modern scientific medicine. Importantly, medicine is a moral enterprise as well as a scientific one. Many clinical decisions involve a combination of factual and ethical aspects. It is as important to be able to give good reasons for the ethical aspects of clinical decisions as it is for the science. Society increasingly expects this from doctors as part of transparent decision-making.
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Hope, Tony. "Medical ethics." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 16–21. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.0202.
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Medicine is a moral enterprise as well as a scientific one. It is as important to give reasons for the ethical aspects as it is for the scientific aspects of a decision. The corollary of evidence-based medicine is reason-based ethics. Two concepts central to many ethical aspects of clinical practice are autonomy and best interests....
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Coelho, Luis, and Sara Reis. "Ethical Issues of Gamification in Healthcare." In Advances in Medical Technologies and Clinical Practice, 1–19. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7472-0.ch001.
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Gamification techniques have proven to be very effective in improving motivation and commitment, providing increased performance in both qualitative and quantitative terms. For this reason, it has been applied in more and more areas, with health and healthcare being no exception. The potential of this type of approach is enormous, and, on the one hand, it can motivate positive feelings; it can also foster deviant behaviors that fail to contribute to the individual and common good. This chapter aims to explore the relationship between the development of gamification systems and the ethical and moral aspects that are crucial elements when the target of the process becomes the human mind. The main questions and ethical dimensions that will allow us to constitute a reference framework for the development of gamification systems will be presented. Timely reflection and the inclusion of security mechanisms will allow us to develop better experiences for users, always combining improved motivation with the search for the good.
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Heller, Peter. "Technoethics." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 77–95. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6122-6.ch006.
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Technoethics relates to the impact of ethics in technology and technological change in biological, medical, military, engineering, and other applications. Accordingly, new questions arise about the moral right and wrong of corresponding technological issues. These, in turn, generate novel trade-offs, many of them controversial, involving the desirable versus undesirable ethical aspects of the new invention or innovation from a moral viewpoint. The discussion in this chapter suggests that frequently much can be said on both sides of an ethical argument and that therefore, at times, agonizing decisions must be made about which side has the greater moral merit based on numerous variables. The minicases sprinkled throughout the text and the longer automobile engineering case at the end are used as illustrations.
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Laurie, G. T., S. H. E. Harmon, and E. S. Dove. "12. Health Resources and Dilemmas in Treatment." In Mason and McCall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics, 411–39. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198826217.003.0012.
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This chapter discusses ethical and legal aspects of the global distribution of medical resources; the allocation of national resources; and medical treatment of the individual. It argues that so long as decisions are made taking into account fundamental moral values and principles of equity, impartiality, and fairness, and provided the bases for decision making are flexible in relation to the times, then the underlying system is just and is likely to yield just results.
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"Ethics in cancer care." In Oxford Handbook of Cancer Nursing, edited by Mike Tadman and Dave Roberts, 169–78. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569244.003.0013.
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Introduction and overview of ethical guidance 170 End of life issues 172 Withdrawing and withholding treatment 176 Ethical and moral values affect all aspects of cancer care, including treatment, management of symptoms, end of life care and participation in research. With advancing medical technology and developing evidence-based practice, ethical issues in cancer care are increasingly complex....
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Pavliuchenok, Marina Borisovna, and Natalia Aleksandrovna Uliankova. "Latin as a nature of deontological principles of medicine and humanitarian values of teaching and learning at medical universities." In Theoretical and practical aspects of pedagogy and psychology, 102–11. Publishing house Sreda, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-104707.
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In their work, the authors reveal the applied role of the Latin language as an important propaedeutic discipline in the formation of professional ethical principles and moral qualities among students of the medical university, which they need both in the learning process and in future medical activity. The special influence of humanitarian comments on professional vocabulary and aphorisms of medical and general cultural content on the comprehensive development of students' personality is also considered. Significant aspects of this influence are orientation to humanistic values and self-development, increasing the level of general culture and education, understanding the essence and meaning of concepts, showing interest in science and language learning, improving oral speech skills and the ability to express their thoughts competently and intelligently, improving perception and memory training. In this paper, it is noted that the stereotype of the Latin language as an insignificant discipline, where its role is reduced only to the training of terminologically competent specialists, has long been outdated. The authors tried to present the Latin language not only as a narrow-profile subject for future physicians, but as the language of Antiquity and its great heritage, as the language spoken and written by famous philosophers, orators, poets and doctors, as a language that has provided and still provides cultural and spiritual influence on the personal formation of people. The conclusions obtained in the course of the work are of interest to the teaching staff of the Latin Language Department at the Medical University and medical students.
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Levy, Barry S. "Human Rights, Ethics, and International Humanitarian Law." In From Horror to Hope, 36–52. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197558645.003.0005.
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This chapter defines categories of human rights and describes United Nations documents on which many human rights are based. It covers Just War Theory and other aspects of the justification for war. It also covers justified conduct during war, based on the Geneva Conventions and other international humanitarian law. It covers the concept and the origins of medical neutrality. The chapter describes the origins, examples, and intervention for genocide and mass killing. It also describes torture and international law concerning torture, as well as illegal and immoral physician participation in torture. It describes enforced disappearance. The chapter also covers ethics, and the moral and ethical dilemmas faced by health professionals and humanitarian relief workers as well as ethical issues in research on war-affected populations. Finally, the chapter briefly describes conscientious objection to military service.
Conference papers on the topic "Medical screening Moral and ethical aspects"
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Zaitseva, Ekaterina. "ETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF SCREENING FOR HEREDITARY DISEASES AS A SPECIAL TYPE OF MEDICAL SERVICE: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS." In 6th SWS International Scientific Conference on Social Sciences ISCSS 2019. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscss.2019.3/s12.064.
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