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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical screening Evaluation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 21 February 2023

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1

Spence, Sarah J., Pantea Sharifi, and Max Wiznitzer. "Autism spectrum disorder: Screening, diagnosis, and medical evaluation." Seminars in Pediatric Neurology 11, no. 3 (September 2004): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2004.07.002.

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2

Murray, P. R., T. B. Smith, and T. C. McKinney. "Clinical evaluation of three urine screening tests." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 25, no. 3 (1987): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.25.3.467-470.1987.

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3

Buczyńska, Angelika, Iwona Sidorkiewicz, Anna Trochimiuk, Sławomir Ławicki, Adam Jacek Krętowski, and Monika Zbucka-Krętowska. "Novel Approaches to an Integrated Route for Trisomy 21 Evaluation." Biomolecules 11, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11091328.

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Trisomy 21 (T21) is one of the most commonly occurring genetic disorders, caused by the partial or complete triplication of chromosome 21. Despite the significant progress in the diagnostic tools applied for prenatal screening, commonly used methods are still imprecise and involve invasive diagnostic procedures that are related to a maternal risk of miscarriage. In this case, novel prenatal biomarkers are still being evaluated using highly specialized techniques, which could increase the diagnostic usefulness of biochemical prenatal screening for T21. From the other hand, the T21′s pathogenesis, caused by the improper division of genetic material, disrupting many metabolic pathways, could be further evaluated with the use of omics methods, which could result in bringing relevant insights for the evaluation of potential medical targets. Accordingly, a literature search was undertaken to collect novel information about prenatal screening for Down syndrome with the use of advanced technology, with a particular emphasis on the evaluation of novel screening biomarkers and the discovery of potential medical targets. These meta-analyses are focused on novel approaches designed with the use of omics techniques, representing the most rapidly developing and promising field in research today. Considering the limitations and progress of these methods, the use of omics techniques in evaluating T21 pathogenesis could bring beneficial results in prenatal screening, simultaneously uncovering novel potential medical targets.

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4

Bates, David W., Anne C. O??Neil, Laura A. Petersen, Thomas H. Lee, and Troyen A. Brennan. "Evaluation of Screening Criteria for Adverse Events in Medical Patients." Medical Care 33, no. 5 (May 1995): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199505000-00002.

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5

Chanavaz, Manuel. "Patient Screening and Medical Evaluation for Implant and Preprosthetic Surgery." Journal of Oral Implantology 24, no. 4 (October 1998): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/1548-1336(1998)024<0222:psamef>2.3.co;2.

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Chanavaz, Manuel. "Patient Screening and Medical Evaluation for Implant and Preprosthetic Surgery." Implant Dentistry 10, no. 2 (June 2001): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008505-200104000-00002.

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7

Colombrita, D., G. Ravizzola, F. Pirali, M. Manni, N. Manca, E. Savoldi, and A. Turano. "Evaluation of BACTEC system for urine culture screening." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27, no. 1 (1989): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.27.1.118-119.1989.

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8

Hengstmann, J. H. "Evaluation of Screening Tests for Pheochromocytoma." Cardiology 72, no. 1 (1985): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000173964.

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9

Congdon, Douglas D., and Daniel P. Fedorko. "Evaluation of Two Rapid Urine Screening Tests." Laboratory Medicine 23, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 613–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/23.9.613.

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10

Thodi, C., M. Parazzini, S. E. Kramer, A. Davis, S. Stenfelt, T. Janssen, P. Smith, et al. "Adult Hearing Screening: Follow-Up and Outcomes1." American Journal of Audiology 22, no. 1 (June 2013): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2013/12-0060).

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Purpose To screen hearing and evaluate outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. Method Three thousand and twenty-five adults responded to an invitation to be screened by questionnaire, otoscopy, and pure-tone audiometry. Pure-tone average (PTA) >35 dB HL in the worse ear, unilateral hearing loss, or otoscopic findings were the criteria for referral for services. A questionnaire related to compliance with referral recommendations was completed by telephone interview for 160 randomly selected participants after 1–2 years from referral. Results The referral rate for audiologic/hearing aid evaluation was 46%, and referral for cerumen removal/medical evaluation was 17%. Of the people referred for audiologic/hearing aid evaluation, 18% tried a hearing aid; 2 years later, 11% were using a hearing aid. Screening recommendations affected participants' decision to seek help. Study participants stated that the screening was helpful, it should be offered to everybody, and they would participate in future screenings. Conclusion Although adult hearing screening offered timely identification of hearing loss for adults seeking help, follow-up with hearing aid treatment was low.

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11

Vallo, Stefan, Jennifer Kloft, Jon Jones, Patricia John, Wael Khoder, Walid Mahmud, and Jens Mani. "Evaluation of Testicular Self Examination and Testicular Partner Examination in Medical versus Non-Medical Students." Current Urology 14, no. 2 (2020): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499253.

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Objectives: Although testicular cancer (TC) is the most common tumor in young men in Western countries, there is no official cancer detection/screening program for young men in Germany. The most important TC detection tool is self-examination of the testis. Hypothetically medical students may have a diagnosis lead time and detection superiority. This study was designed to analyze whether medical students have a possible knowledge advantage over students of other faculties concerning TC and to compare male and female cancer screening demeanor and mentality. Methods: Male and female students of various faculties at the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, Germany were invited to participate in this internet-based anonymous questionnaire with questions about TC awareness/knowledge, testicular (self) examination, and cancer screening behavior. Results: In total 1,049 students (329 medical and 716 non-medical students) completed the questionnaire. In general, medical students had a significantly higher TC knowledge, especially in the more advanced stages of their medical studies (year 3-6). About 50% of medical students had knowledge of TC whereas only 21.3% of non-medical students knew about the disease (p < 0.01). In addition, medical students conducted scrotal examinations more frequently (34.7%) than non-medical students (18.8%). Conclusion: The knowledge about TC is low among students. In general, medical students are more aware of TC and perform more frequent testicular examinations compared to non-medical students. Female TC knowledge rises in the clinical part of studies to the same level as their male counterparts, with the result of more testicular partner examinations.

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12

Cooler, Jordan, Clint A. Ross, Sophie Robert, Lauren Linder, Ann Marie Ruhe, and Achsah Philip. "Evaluation and optimization of take-home naloxone in an academic medical center." Mental Health Clinician 9, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9740/mhc.2019.03.105.

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Abstract With the United States in the midst of an opioid overdose epidemic, efforts to reduce overdose deaths have increased. Expanding access to the opioid antagonist naloxone can combat the epidemic. A pilot project in a psychiatric hospital resulted in the development of a screening tool in the electronic medical record (EMR) to help pharmacists identify adult inpatients at high risk of opioid overdose. Pharmacists can facilitate these patients being discharged with take-home naloxone. The purpose of this project was to optimize the screening tool for nonpsychiatric adult inpatient areas. Prior to implementation, a team of pharmacists familiar with the screening tool and take-home naloxone met with stakeholders to assess need for modification of the tool, determine barriers to implementation, and provide insight into the new service. In addition to expanding the tool into nonpsychiatric areas, a morphine-equivalents calculator was developed to identify patients receiving at least 100 mg of morphine equivalents per day to capture an additional at-risk population. Four short educational videos were developed to provide training to pharmacists. Initial performance of the screening tool was evaluated in general medicine patients over a 5-day period. Out of 44 admissions, 8 (18.2%) screened positive. The majority of those patients (5/8, 62.5%) screened positive for morphine equivalents greater than 100 mg. Anecdotally, the educational videos have been well received by pharmacy staff. Opioid overdose risk factors can be applied to nonpsychiatric inpatients for screening purposes in the EMR. Educational videos can be used to disseminate information to pharmacists on take-home naloxone and opioid overdose.

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Böcher, S., R. Smyth, G. Kahlmeter, and R. Leo Skov. "P1606 In vitro evaluation of MRSA screening methods." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 29 (March 2007): S451—S452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71445-0.

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14

Maudgal, P. C., R. W. O. Stout, and A. Th M. Van Balen. "VCTS chart evaluation as a screening test." Documenta Ophthalmologica 69, no. 4 (August 1988): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00162752.

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15

Hostetter, Margaret K., Sandra Iverson, Kathryn Dole, and Dana Johnson. "Unsuspected Infectious Diseases and Other Medical Diagnoses in the Evaluation of Internationally Adopted Children." Pediatrics 83, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.4.559.

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Seven simple screening tests—hepatitis B profile, urine culture for cytomegalovirus, Mantoux test for tuberculosis, stool examination for ova and parasites, VDRL, complete blood cell count, and vision and hearing screening—were used to evaluate 52 consecutive children at a pediatric clinic for international adoptees. In 63% of these children, unsuspected medical diagnoses were made by a combination of history, physical examination, and appropriate screening tests. When only those children previously examined by a physician in the United States were included in our analysis, the rate of unsuspected diagnosis remained high (67%). Omission of screening tests was the single most frequent cause of missed diagnoses, of which the majority were infectious diseases. More than 50% of our newly established diagnoses carried the potential for long-term sequelae without proper treatment. These data emphasize that internationally adopted children should receive a thorough screening evaluation for medical problems that may adversely affect their growth and development.

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Lawhorne, Larry. "Appendices: Examples of Available Tools for Screening and Evaluation." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 32, no. 3 (September 2005): 829–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2005.06.012.

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17

Voepel-Lewis, Terri, and Shobha Malviya. "Evaluation of a case management model for preanesthesia screening." Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 12, no. 6 (December 1997): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1089-9472(97)90002-2.

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18

Lefton, Harvey B., Jeffrey Pilchman, and Alexander Harmatz. "COLON CANCER SCREENING AND THE EVALUATION OF COLONIC POLYPS." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 23, no. 3 (September 1996): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(05)70344-4.

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19

R. Paterick, Zachary, Nachiket Patel, and Timothy E. Paterick. "Preparticipation Athletic Screening, Supervision, and Disqualification of Student- Athletes: Physician Trepidation of Legal Liability." Journal of Exercise, Sports & Orthopedics 5, no. 2 (May 26, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2374-6904/5/2/00172.

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Physicians participate in screening, routine medical supervision, and the disqualification process of high school and college student athletes. Physicians and schools evaluating student-athletes for athletic participation should understand the meticulous medical process necessary to make eligibility/disqualification decisions, and the associated liability issues. It is the responsibility of a team physician to take a lead role in the sports teams’ medical evaluation process. The first duty of a team physician and institution is to protect the health and well being of their collegiate student athletes. The potential liability associated with the evaluation process requires that high schools and institutions of higher education work with their physicians to develop sound and reasonable administrative strategies regarding participation in athletics. Reducing the liability risk requires an understanding and compliance with the available medical guidelines and evolving judicial framework. It is imperative physicians understand case law and available medical guidelines. As medical professional standards evolve, so will responsibilities under legal standards. Liability issues regarding the preparticipation screening of athletes, their medical supervision, and their eligibility for and disqualification from participation are of increasing concern to the practicing medical community. Court cases involving athletic field morbidity and mortality have elucidated an evolving legal framework related to the alleged failure to properly diagnose, treat, qualify, or disqualify individuals from competitive sport. This manuscript will highlight liability cases involving cardiac, neurological, musculoskeletal, and heat illness issues. These cases will identify the importance of the standard of care in evaluation/disqualification, adherence to medical guidelines, and the need for diligent follow up in determining return to play issues.

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20

Rusk, Sam, Yoav Nygate, Fred Turkington, Chris Fernandez, Nick Glattard, and Nathaniel Watson. "423 Evaluation of Electronic Medical Record Artificial Intelligence Screening Tools for Undiagnosed OSA." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A167—A168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.422.

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Abstract Introduction The STOP-Bang is a concise, simple and widely adopted obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) screening tool. However, it has limited predictive ability and is susceptible to subjective reporting bias. Artificial Intelligence (AI) methodologies can be utilized together with existing data in electronic medical records (EMRs) to create new screening tools to increase diagnostic sensitivity and facilitate discovery of preclinical OSA phenotypes. Methods The study comprised two independent retrospective sleep study datasets: 1) Type III HSATS (N=5583) and, 2) Type I polysomnograms (N=1037). Each contained raw sleep study waveforms, manually scored sleep events (respiratory, arousal, sleep staging), and standard report indices (apnea-hypopnea index; AHI, arousal index). Additionally, the first dataset contained 90 EMR based metadata variables and the second dataset contained 54 EMR based metadata variables. Three random forest models were trained to detect OSA diagnostic thresholds (AHI> 5, AHI>15, and AHI>30) over three different screening models: STOP-Bang, P-Bang (blood-pressure, BMI, age, neck-size, gender), and Common Clinical Data Set (CCDS)-OSA (all metadata variables simulating EMR CCDS standard). Results CCDS-OSA ROC-AUC exceeded STOP-Bang and P-Bang for both sleep study collections, resulting in AHI>15 ROC-AUC values of 0.73 and 0.71 (CCDS-OSA) compared to AHI>15 ROC-AUC values of 0.68 and 0.69 (STOP-Bang). Additionally, we analyzed the Gini feature importance ranking of the trained CCDS-OSA model to evaluate which variables showed highest predictive value of OSA. The ranking revealed the top 5 features were the five physiologic based STOP-Bang parameters, followed by EMR based physiologic measurements such as HDL, triglycerides, systolic BP, and disease conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and depression. Conclusion This study shows that while STOP-Bang contains data critical to OSA screening, a variety of other EMR-based parameters can improve performance of OSA detection. AI-based EMR screening can provide a critical tool for more systematic and accurate screening of undiagnosed sleep apnea. Nationwide standards facilitating patient EMR data interoperable health information exchange, particularly the United States Core Data for Interoperability (USCDI CCDS), holds promise to foster broad clinical and research opportunities. Resulting data sharing will allow application of AI screening tools at the population health scale with ubiquitous, existing EMR data to improve population sleep health. Support (if any):

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21

Galaktionova, A. M., M. T. Kaplanova, E. E. Baranova, O. V. Sagaydak, A. S. Olenev, A. Yu Kharkchinov, M. I. Chernova, et al. "EVALUATION OF THE MEDICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF NON-INVASIVE PRENATAL TESTING IN MOSCOW." Problems of Social Hygiene, Public Health and History of Medicine 30, no. 5 (December 15, 2022): 806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32687/0869-866x-2022-30-5-806-812.

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Aim: to evaluate the medical and economic efficiency of prenatal diagnostics of fetal chromosomal abnormalities (CA) in pregnant women in Moscow using a non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) as a second-line model.A comparative analysis of the medical and economic efficiency of standard prenatal screening and prenatal screening with NIPT in groups of pregnant women, registered in Moscow, with high and medium fetal CA risk was carried out. Analysis was based on the number of children born with CA and the costs of medical care (direct costs) and social payments (indirect costs), calculated for both scenarios.Following standard prenatal screening 111 children with CA would be born, following prenatal screening with NIPT - only 26. Including NIPT in prenatal diagnostics increases direct costs by 299.97 million rubles and reduces annual indirect costs from 61.19 to 28.95 million rubles. Starting from the 13th year of using NIPT the estimated effect of reducing indirect costs would exceed direct costs.NIPT in prenatal diagnostics can increase the detection of fetal CA and reduce indirect costs. Assessing the indirect costs in economic efficiency enhances the accuracy of the estimate.

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22

R, Zill, Dean-Hill H, Alcala M, Snell E, and Getz G. "A-113 A Case Study: Utilization of C3 Logix in Serial Evaluation of Concussion in a Multidisciplinary Medical Setting." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.113.

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Abstract Objective C3 Logix is a concussion assessment and management system addressing patient care, return to play standards, and rehabilitation or understanding of concussion. This case study demonstrates the utility of the C3 Logix screening measure with a concussion patient in a multidisciplinary medical setting. Repeat C3 Logix screening data was compared to reported symptoms on the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) and interpreted by a physician in medical setting. This case highlights the comparison of C3 Logix findings and a neuropsychological profile in a young adult with history of traumatic closed head injury. Method 25-year old, right-handed, Caucasian man with no significant medical history prior to sustaining a parenchymal hemorrhage along the left anterior inferior frontal lobe and left temporal lobe, as well as a left anterior frontal subdural hematoma in 2019. The patient reported a premorbid history of generalized anxiety with panic, and elevated emotionality post-injury. Results Estimated premorbid verbal functioning was average, consistent with his score as predicted by demographic variables. The patient exhibited decreased concussion symptom severity and improved cognitive performance across repeat C3 Logix administrations. On comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation, he demonstrated intact performance across cognitive domains, with relative weakness consistent with localization of injury, sustained eye injury, and expected recovery duration. Conclusions Repeat cognitive screenings were generally consistent with comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation results. This case study highlights that the C3 Logix tool should be further considered as a brief cognitive screening measure to inform treatment of traumatic head injuries within a multidisciplinary medical setting.

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Sharma, Jyotsana, Navneet Khurana, Neha Sharma, and Rakesh Garg. "PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND ANTIOXIDANT SCREENING STUDIES OF OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM LINN SEEDS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 16 (September 16, 2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s4.21341.

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Objective: In the existing study, Ocimum tenuiflorum was assessed for its antioxidant activity. This activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The drug was identified and standardized on the basis of organoleptic, negligible characters and its quantitative physicochemical standards.Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was also carried out to examine out the presence of various phytoconstituents. It revealed the presence of alkaloids, phytosterols, resin, flavonoids, tannins, diterpenes, and protein in the seed extract. DPPH method was done used for evaluating the antioxidant activity.Results: It has been observed that different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/mL) used had shown 82.1%, 83.4%, 86.6%, 89.1%, and 93.2% of cell inhibition, respectively.Conclusion: Thus, the present study on pharmacognostic standardization, physicochemical evaluation and in vitro antioxidant activity of O. tenuiflorum seed would be useful to supplement information in regard to its in vivo evaluation for different pathological conditions.

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Somma, Jonathan, Ira I. Sussman, and Jacob H. Rand. "An Evaluation of Thrombophilia Screening in an Urban Tertiary Care Medical Center." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 126, no. 1 (July 2006): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1309/kv0632lj8edmewqt.

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Pantel, Alix, Dimitri Souzy, Albert Sotto, and Jean-Philippe Lavigne. "Evaluation of Two Phenotypic Screening Tests for Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 10 (July 29, 2015): 3359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01211-15.

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We evaluated the performance of two rapid tests for detection of carbapenemase-producingEnterobacteriaceae(CPE) strains. The sensitivities and the specificities were 97.6% and 94.4% for the Rapid CARB Screen and 98.8% and 93.1% for the KPC/MBL & OXA-48 Confirm tests, providing the usefulness of these tools for screening CPE in microbiology wards.

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Adhikari, S. R. "Laboratory screening prior to modified electroconvulsive therapy." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 5, no. 2 (August 14, 2015): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v5i2.13154.

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Laboratory screening for subtle medical disease is critical prior to modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT). It is important to rule out medical condition since MECT is performed under general anesthesia. 25 patients planned for MECT were evaluated with complete blood count, hemoglobin, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum creatinine, blood sugar, electrocardiogram (ECG), chest radiograph (X-ray chest). Investigations showed some abnormal values in blood sugar, serum sodium, serum potassium, ECG and X-ray chest. Proper guideline is needed for evaluation of patients who undergo MECT. Medical conditions along with other subtle diseases are important to rule out before undergoing MECT.

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27

Northup, Sharon J. "Safety Evaluation of Medical Devices: US Food and Drug Administration and International Standards Organization Guidelines." International Journal of Toxicology 18, no. 4 (June 1999): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158199225431.

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During the last 20 years, safety evaluation of medical devices has evolved from screening assays to the “pharmaceutical model” of preclinical testing. Biocompatibility testing guidelines for medical devices are published in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) document 10993–1: Biological evaluation of medical devices—Part 1: Evaluation and testing. These guidelines are recognized by most national regulatory bodies and supplement, but do not supersede, the guidelines published by the individual nations or the testing requirements for a specific medical device. The ISO 10993 series includes screening tests for nonspecific mechanisms of toxicity (cytotoxicity, acute systemic toxicity, subchronic toxicity, local toxicity, and chronic toxicity) and specific mechanisms (blood compatibility, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, pyrogenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity). Other ISO 10993 standards cover chemical characterization of materials, degradation products, toxicokinetics, sample preparation, permissible limits of sterilization and process residues, and clinical studies. This review examines the scope of these standards and identifies exceptions between these guidelines and selected national and vertical standards for medical devices.

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Muazzam, N. "Evaluation of Aldehyde Test as A Screening Method for Kala Azar." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 1, no. 4 (July 2, 2013): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v1i4.15547.

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Ma, Zhongchen, Xiang Ji, Hang Yang, Jinke He, Qian Zhang, Yong Wang, Zhen Wang, and Chuangfu Chen. "Screening and evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnostic antigens." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 39, no. 10 (June 16, 2020): 1959–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03951-3.

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Baker, Stuart G., and Barnett S. Kramer. "Simple Methods for Evaluating 4 Types of Biomarkers: Surrogate Endpoint, Prognostic, Predictive, and Cancer Screening." Biomarker Insights 15 (January 2020): 117727192094671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177271920946715.

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We review simple methods for evaluating 4 types of biomarkers. First, we discuss the evaluation of surrogate endpoint biomarkers (to shorten a randomized trial) using 2 statistical and 3 biological criteria. Second, we discuss the evaluation of prognostic biomarkers (to predict the risk of disease) by comparing data collection costs with the anticipated net benefit of risk prediction. Third, we discuss the evaluation of predictive markers (to search for a promising subgroup in a randomized trial) using a multivariate subpopulation treatment effect pattern plot involving a risk difference or responders-only benefit function. Fourth, we discuss the evaluation of cancer screening biomarkers (to predict cancer in asymptomatic persons) using methodology to substantially reduce the sample size with stored specimens.

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Sasse, Edward A. "Objective evaluation of data in screening for disease." Clinica Chimica Acta 315, no. 1-2 (January 2002): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00710-0.

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Sebastián, M. d. B. Pérez, M. Duque Duniol, M. J. Llorente Alonso, and J. Reig Del Moral. "Evaluation of prenatal contingent screening for chromosomal alterations." Clinica Chimica Acta 493 (June 2019): S590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.1237.

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Ciemins, Elizabeth L., Charlotte K. Kent, Jennifer Flood, and Jeffrey D. Klausner. "Evaluation of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Screening Criteria." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 27, no. 3 (March 2000): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007435-200003000-00009.

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34

Harris, Richard L., Eugene V. Boisaubin, Pamela D. Salyer, and Denise F. Semands. "Evaluation of a Hospital Admission HIV Antibody Voluntary Screening Program." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 11, no. 12 (December 1990): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646112.

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AbstractVoluntary screening for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is recommended by the healthcare profession. The optimal settings to accomplish screening have not been established. We evaluated an admission HIV screening program in a large private hospital to assess advantages and disadvantages in this setting. In a three-month study period, 4,535 of 8,868 patients (51%) admitted to the hospital agreed to HIV testing. Serum specimens from 500 patients who refused testing were blindly, anonymously tested. The seroprevalence of the patients agreeing to (0.26%) and refusing (0.60%) testing was not statistically different (p = .12). There were 12 HIV cases discovered; ten (83%) of these were known to be in a high-risk group at the time of admission. Eighty-five percent of patients interviewed were in favor of this screening program. Difficulties associated with confidentiality or consent were not evident. Calculated charges of testing for each HIV case discovery was $14,550. There was no evidence that this screening program provided for a more effective infection control policy to prevent nosocomial HIV transmission. A hospital admission HIV screening program can be implemented can meet with favorable patient opinion and can detect previously unknown HIV-positive patients. Hospitals are an efficient and practical setting for HIV testing. The benefit of this program appears to be greater for the patient than hospital or healthcare worker. Cost-benefit analyses will identify optimal candidates to be screened in different hospital populations.

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35

Smith, S. B., and C. F. Repetti. "Evaluation of a rapid screening immunoassay for antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 25, no. 11 (1987): 2207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.25.11.2207-2208.1987.

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Ferguson, J., J. Tanner, and J. M. Miller. "Evaluation of a new, semiquantitative screening culture device for urine specimens." Journal of clinical microbiology 33, no. 5 (1995): 1351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.33.5.1351-1353.1995.

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Glasson, John, Rhys Hill, Michael Summerford, and Steven Giglio. "Evaluation of an Image Analysis Device (APAS) for Screening Urine Cultures." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 2 (November 18, 2015): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02365-15.

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While advancements have been made in some areas of pathology with diagnostic materials being screened using image analysis technologies, the reporting of cultures from agar plates remains a manual process. We compared the results for 2,163 urine cultures read by a reference panel of microbiologists, by the routine laboratory process, and by an automated plate reading system, APAS (LBT Innovations Ltd., South Australia). APAS detected colonies with a sensitivity of 99.1% and a specificity of 99.3% on blood agar, while on MacConkey agar, the colony detection sensitivity was 99.4% with a specificity of 99.3%. The device's ability to enumerate growth had an accuracy of 89.2%, and the morphological identification of colonies showed a high level of performance for the colony types typical ofEscherichia coliand other enteric bacilli. On blood agar, lactose-fermenting colonies were morphologically identified with a sensitivity of 98.9%, while on MacConkey agar they were identified with a sensitivity of 99.2%. In this first clinical evaluation, APAS demonstrated high performance in the detection, enumeration, and colony classification of isolates compared with that for conventional plate-reading methods. The device found all cases reported by the laboratory and detected the most commonly encountered organisms found in urinary tract infections.

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Wu, T. C., E. C. Williams, S. Y. Koo, and J. D. MacLowry. "Evaluation of three bacteriuria screening methods in a clinical research hospital." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 21, no. 5 (1985): 796–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.21.5.796-799.1985.

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Martin, E. T., J. A. Cote, L. K. Perry, and W. J. Martin. "Clinical evaluation of the Lumac bioluminescence method for screening urine specimens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 22, no. 1 (1985): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.22.1.19-22.1985.

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Xia, Chang-sheng, Zhi-hong Yue, and Hui Wang. "Evaluation of three automated Treponema pallidum antibody assays for syphilis screening." Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 24, no. 11 (November 2018): 887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2018.07.017.

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Park, Sangtae, and Margaret S. Pearle. "Urolithiasis: Update on Metabolic Evaluation of Stone Formers." Scientific World JOURNAL 5 (2005): 902–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2005.118.

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Metabolic abnormalities are identified in over 90% of stone formers and the institution of preventative dietary and medical measures has resulted in substantial reduction in stone recurrence rates. We review the contemporary approach to metabolic evaluation of urolithiasis.A careful medical and dietary history, stone analysis, serologic tests, and urinalysis constitute the initial screening regimen in patients who have been diagnosed with stones. Risk stratification of patients, based on the outcome of the initial screening tests, determines the need for and extent of urinary evaluation in individual stone formers. Conservative dietary measures or a simple metabolic evaluation and treatment has been described for first-time or low-risk stone formers, although the number of 24-h urine collections needed is debatable. A more extensive metabolic evaluation is recommended for recurrent or high-risk stone formers or for those in whom empiric treatment or medical therapy based on simplified evaluation is unsuccessful.Regardless of etiology, all stone formers should be counseled on dietary measures for stone prevention. The need for medication is determined by the results of 24-h urine analysis and the risk level of the patient. Cost effectiveness of the metabolic evaluation and treatment is strongly influenced by recurrence rate and efficacy of therapy.Metabolic evaluation and treatment has clearly been shown in randomized trials to reduce stone recurrence rates. Further study will determine the extent of evaluation necessary and the need for selective vs. empiric medical therapy for first-time and recurrent stone formers.

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Buffone, G. J., and J. R. Beck. "Cost-effectiveness analysis for evaluation of screening programs: hereditary hemochromatosis." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.8.1631.

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Abstract A significant body of research over the last 10-20 years supports the hypothesis that screening for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) may be cost-effective, given the low-cost, low-risk therapeutic options available for most homozygous individuals. The factors that confound a straightforward test of this hypothesis include the fact that the disease is not fully penetrant and that, to achieve the anticipated life-year gains, therapy must be instituted before disease complications become irreversible. Recent articles and editorials, as well as practice guidelines prepared by the College of American Pathologists, recommend screening for HH with transferrin saturation and ferritin testing, and with percutaneous liver biopsy for those with positive laboratory test results. Patients at risk would be treated with phlebotomy for life and monitored with ferritin testing. We present a cost-effectiveness analysis that evaluates the efficacy of using a screening strategy to accomplish the desired healthcare goals.

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van Dijke, Ivy, Phillis Lakeman, Naoual Sabiri, Hanna Rusticus, Cecile P. E. Ottenheim, Inge B. Mathijssen, Martina C. Cornel, and Lidewij Henneman. "Couples’ experiences with expanded carrier screening: evaluation of a university hospital screening offer." European Journal of Human Genetics 29, no. 8 (June 21, 2021): 1252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41431-021-00923-9.

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AbstractPreconception carrier screening offers couples the possibility to receive information about the risk of having a child with a recessive disorder. Since 2016, an expanded carrier screening (ECS) test for 50 severe autosomal recessive disorders has been available at Amsterdam Medical Center, a Dutch university hospital. This mixed-methods study evaluated the experiences of couples that participated in the carrier screening offer, including high-risk participants, as well as participants with a general population risk. All participants received genetic counselling, and pre- (n = 132) and post-test (n = 86) questionnaires and semi-structured interviews (n = 16) were administered. The most important reason to have ECS was to spare a future child a life with a severe disorder (47%). The majority of survey respondents made an informed decision (86%), as assessed by the Multidimensional Measure of Informed Choice. Among the 86 respondents, 27 individual carriers and no new carrier couples were identified. Turn-around time of the test results was considered too long and costs were perceived as too high. Overall, mean levels of anxiety were not clinically elevated. High-risk respondents (n = 89) and pregnant respondents (n = 13) experienced higher levels of anxiety before testing, which decreased after receiving the test result. Although not clinically significant, distress was on average higher for carriers compared to non-carriers (p < 0.0001). All respondents would opt for the test again, and 80.2% would recommend it to others. The results suggest that ECS should ideally be offered before pregnancy, to minimise anxiety. This study could inform current and future implementation initiatives of preconception ECS.

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Wu, Danny T. Y., Annie T. Chen, John D. Manning, Gal Levy-Fix, Uba Backonja, David Borland, Jesus J. Caban, et al. "Evaluating visual analytics for health informatics applications: a systematic review from the American Medical Informatics Association Visual Analytics Working Group Task Force on Evaluation." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 26, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy190.

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AbstractObjectiveThis article reports results from a systematic literature review related to the evaluation of data visualizations and visual analytics technologies within the health informatics domain. The review aims to (1) characterize the variety of evaluation methods used within the health informatics community and (2) identify best practices.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed searches were conducted in February 2017 using search terms representing key concepts of interest: health care settings, visualization, and evaluation. References were also screened for eligibility. Data were extracted from included studies and analyzed using a PICOS framework: Participants, Interventions, Comparators, Outcomes, and Study Design.ResultsAfter screening, 76 publications met the review criteria. Publications varied across all PICOS dimensions. The most common audience was healthcare providers (n = 43), and the most common data gathering methods were direct observation (n = 30) and surveys (n = 27). About half of the publications focused on static, concentrated views of data with visuals (n = 36). Evaluations were heterogeneous regarding setting and measurements used.DiscussionWhen evaluating data visualizations and visual analytics technologies, a variety of approaches have been used. Usability measures were used most often in early (prototype) implementations, whereas clinical outcomes were most common in evaluations of operationally-deployed systems. These findings suggest opportunities for both (1) expanding evaluation practices, and (2) innovation with respect to evaluation methods for data visualizations and visual analytics technologies across health settings.ConclusionEvaluation approaches are varied. New studies should adopt commonly reported metrics, context-appropriate study designs, and phased evaluation strategies.

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Nichols, Gregory P., Donna L. Cragle, and John G. Benitez. "Medical Screening After a Coal Fly Ash Spill in Roane County, Tennessee." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8, no. 4 (July 24, 2014): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2014.60.

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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the health of community residents following a coal fly ash spill at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Plant in Harriman, Tennessee, on December 22, 2008.MethodsA uniform health assessment was developed by epidemiologists at Oak Ridge Associated Universities and medical toxicologists at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Residents who believed that their health may have been affected by the coal fly ash spill were invited to participate in the medical screening program.ResultsAmong the 214 individuals who participated in the screening program, the most commonly reported symptoms were related to upper airway irritation. No evidence of heavy metal toxicity was found.ConclusionsThis is the first report, to our knowledge, regarding the comprehensive health evaluation of a community after a coal fly ash spill. Because this evaluation was voluntary, the majority of residents screened represented those with a high percentage of symptoms and concerns about the potential for toxic exposure. Based on known toxicity of the constituents present in the coal fly ash, health complaints did not appear to be related to the fly ash. This screening model could be used to assess immediate or baseline toxicity concerns after other disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1–8)

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Stover, Carolyn, Allison Chan, Snigdha Vallabhaneni, Allison Brown, Amelia Keaton, Alicia Shugart, Nychie Dotson, Sebastian Arenas, Marion Kainer, and Maroya Walters. "Evaluation of Patient Risk Factors for Carbapenemase-Producing Organism Colonization." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s229—s230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.777.

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Background: Carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPOs) are a growing antibiotic resistance threat. Colonization screening can be used to identify asymptomatically colonized individuals for implementation of transmission-based precautions. Identifying high-risk patients and settings to prioritize screening recommendations can preserve facility resources. To inform screening recommendations, we analyzed CPO admission screens and screening conducted on point-prevalence surveys (PPSs) performed through the Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network’s Southeast Regional Laboratory (SE AR Lab Network). Methods: During 2017–2019, the SE AR Lab Network collected data via a REDCap survey for a subset of CPO screens on a limited set of easily determined patient risk factors. Rectal swabs were collected and tested with the Cepheid Carba-R. Specimens collected within 2 days of admission were classified as admission screening and the remainder were classified as PPS. Index cases were excluded from analyses. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and a value of 0.1 was used for cells with a value of zero. Results: In total, 520 screens were conducted, which included 366 admission screens at 2 facilities and 154 screens from 27 PPSs at 8 facilities. CPOs were detected in 14 (2.7%) screens, including in 10 (2.7%) admission screens and in 4 (2.6%) contacts during PPSs; carbapenemases detected were Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) (n = 12), New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) (n = 1) and Verona Integron-Encoded Metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) (n = 1). One long-term acute care hospital (LTACH) performed universal admission screening, which accounted for 96% of admission screens and all 10 CPOs detected by admission screening. Mechanical ventilation (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.4–18.0) and the presence of a tracheostomy (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.5–19.4) were associated with a positive admission screen. Moreover, 8 facilities conducted PPSs: 4 acute care hospitals, 2 long-term acute care hospitals, and 2 nursing homes. CPO prevalence in long-term acute care hospitals was 4.8% (2 of 42), 2.4% (1 of 41) in acute care hospitals, and 1.5% (1 of 69) in nursing homes. Requiring assistance with bathing (OR, 4.8; 95% CI, 1.6–8.0) and stool incontinence (OR, 16.6; 95% CI, 13.4–19.8) were associated with a positive screen on PPSs. All 7 roommates of known cases tested negative for CPO colonization. Conclusions: Findings suggest that patients with certain easily assessed characteristics, such as mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, or stool incontinence or who require bathing assistance, may be associated with CPO positivity during screening. Further data collection and analysis of such risk factors may provide insight for the development of more targeted admission and contact screening strategies.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Kadakia, Kunal C., Michele Szafranski, Patrick L. Meadors, Aynur Aktas, and Declan Walsh. "Automated malnutrition screening in a multisite cancer center." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2022): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.28_suppl.415.

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415 Background: Malnutrition (MN) negatively impacts patients’ tolerance to anti-cancer therapies and clinical outcomes. Registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) are integral to establishing personalized nutritional plans but are a limited resource at cancer centers. The optimal method for operationalizing MN screening and assessment by an RDN is not established. The present study describes the experience of MN screening and automated RDN assessment at Atrium Health’s Levine Cancer Institute. Methods: MN screening using the Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST) was added to our institution’s electronic distress screening process in May 2017. Automated email alerts to review electronic medical records (EMR) of those with high risk for MN (MST ≥3 of 5; H-MST) before formal RDN evaluation were added in October 2017. RDN reviewed the EMR to identify malnutrition based on internationally accepted guidelines. Here we describe our experience over a 8-month period from May 2019 through December 2019. Results: Among 4009 unique patients who completed the MST, 2953 (74%) had a score of 0-2, 1056 (26%) had H-MST with scores of 3, 4, and 5 in 514 (13%), 349 (9%), and 193 (5%), respectively. Among H-MST screens, automated RDN evaluation occurred in 512 (48%). EMR review by the RDN revealed that 242 (47%) met MN criteria for formal RDN evaluation. The reasons for exclusion from formal RDN evaluation included no weight loss documented (114, 22%), non-malignant condition (107, 21%), and others (49,10%) (deceased, hospitalized, no reason listed, or enrolled in hospice). Of those who were planned for formal RDN evaluation, 97 (40%) underwent phone evaluation, 75 (31%) had already established care with an RDN, 41 (17%) underwent in-person evaluation, and 29 (12%) were unable to be contacted. Conclusions: Using electronic screening, 26% of cancer patients are at high risk for MN at diagnosis. Automated RDN review of H-MST screened patients can improve the referral process and optimize limited RDN availability. The current process allows formal RDN evaluations on those with the greatest MN risk. Malnutrition screening protocols focused on the highest risk cancers might further improve this process. More research is needed to optimize RDN staffing and referral practices.

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Zebrack, Brad, Karen Kayser, Deborah Bybee, Lynne Padgett, Laura Sundstrom, Chad Jobin, and Julianne Oktay. "A Practice-Based Evaluation of Distress Screening Protocol Adherence and Medical Service Utilization." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 15, no. 7 (July 2017): 903–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2017.0120.

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Kumada, Keiko, Kazuko Tanaka, Yukiko Miyashita, Kumiko Horiuchi, Satomi Aikawa, Eiko Yamada, Kanae Tamemoto, et al. "Evaluation and measures of pancreatic cancer screening by ultrasonography in general medical checkups." Health Evaluation and Promotion 41, no. 2 (2014): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7143/jhep.41.259.

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Tyumina, О. V., О. М. Tikhonova, D. Yu Klyuchnikov, and V. A. Mel’nikov. "Medical and economical efficacy evaluation of non-invasive prenatal fetal Rh factor screening." Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 16, no. 6 (2017): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2017-6-30-35.

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