Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medical Research'
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Lambert, Paul Christopher. "Hierarchical models in medical research." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29361.
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This thesis describes and develops the use of hierarchical models in medical research from both a classical and Bayesian perspective. Hierarchical models are appropriate when observations are clustered into larger units within a data set, which is a common occurence in medical research. The use and versatility of hierarchical models is shown through a number of examples, with the aim of developing improved and more appropriate methods of analysis. The examples are real data sets and present real problems in terms of statistical analysis. The data sets presented include two data sets involved with longitudinal data where repeated measurements are clustered within individuals. One data set has repeated blood pressure measurements taken on pregnant women and the other consists of repeated peak expiratory flow measurements taken on asthmatic children. Bayesian and classical analyses are compared. A number of issues are explored including the modelling of complex mean profiles, interpretation and quantification of variance components and the modelling of heterogeneous within-subject variances. Other data sets are concerned with meta-analysis, where individuals are clustered within studies. The classical and Bayesian frameworks are compared and one data set investigates the potential to combine estimates from different study types in order to estimate the attributable risk. One of the meta-analysis data sets included individual patient data, where there is a substantial amount of missing covariate data. For this data set models that incorporate individuals with incomplete data when modelling survival times for children with Neuroblastoma are developed. This thesis thus demonstrates that hierarchical models are of great importance in analysing data in medical research. In many situations a Bayesian analysis provides a number of advantages over classical models especially when introducing realistic complexity that would be hard to incorporate using classical methodology.
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Lau, How-chee Vicky. "Aids research centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2594518x.
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Heggelund, Heidi Johansen. "A Collaborative Tool for Medical Research." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-13231.
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Medical researchers today often work in a highly collaborative environment. The methods used to collaborate often include face to face meetings, unnecessary e-mail discussions, and huge amounts of documents sent and received in order to cooperate, share and contribute to each others work. The collaboration gets even more challenging as researchers today often do not work from the same location. For this study, the purpose has been to explore if there are ways in which the everyday work of dementia researchers can be supported and made more efficient by the use of web-based collaborative tools. A case study including four researchers related to dementia research has been conducted. A series of interviews with the researchers were done, and based on the findings from these, a prototype has been suggested and evaluated by the participants. The main findings shows that there is a need for further support during collaborative and coordinating activities in order to make the research process more effective. A web-based collaborative tool made with the medicine 2.0 approach in mind is suggested, which includes social networking, supporting collaboration between different actors, and openness and sharing between these actors. The main finding from this study is that there is a need for improved methods to support the collaboration and coordination between dementia researchers. Allowing the researchers to create social networks including sharing and collaboration related to files was seen as effective. It had potential of reducing the time spent revising documents as a result of tagging and notification functionality, in addition to improve coordination between colleagues because the awareness of what other project members were doing increased. The study also shows that there is a potential in using patient-produces sources such as blogs and illness communities in research, specially within qualitative research and social welfare studies. A need to improve the visualization of available data during the examination phase was discovered, however the need was not so strong as for improving collaborative activities.
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Jerkert, Jesper. "Philosophical Issues in Medical Intervention Research." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-163872.
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The thesis consists of an introduction and two papers. In the introduction a brief historical survey of empirical investigations into the effectiveness of medicinal interventions is given. Also, the main ideas of the EBM (evidence-based medicine) movement are presented. Both included papers can be viewed as investigations into the reasonableness of EBM and its hierarchies of evidence. Paper I: Typically, in a clinical trial patients with specified symptoms are given either of two or more predetermined treatments. Health endpoints in these groups are then compared using statistical methods. Concerns have been raised, not least from adherents of so-called alternative medicine, that clinical trials do not offer reliable evidence for some types of treatment, in particular for highly individualized treatments, for example traditional homeopathy. It is argued that such concerns are unfounded. There are two minimal conditions related to the nature of the treatments that must be fulfilled for evaluability in a clinical trial, namely (1) the proper distinction of the two treatment groups and (2) the elimination of confounding variables or variations. These are delineated, and a few misunderstandings are corrected. It is concluded that the conditions do not preclude the testing of alternative medicine, whether individualized or not. Paper II: Traditionally, mechanistic reasoning has been assigned a negligible role in standard EBM literature, although some recent authors have argued for an upgrading. Even so, mechanistic reasoning that has received attention has almost exclusively been positive -- both in an epistemic sense of claiming that there is a mechanistic chain and in a health-related sense of there being claimed benefits for the patient. Negative mechanistic reasoning has been neglected, both in the epistemic and in the health-related sense. I distinguish three main types of negative mechanistic reasoning and subsume them under a new definition of mechanistic reasoning in the context of assessing medical interventions. Although this definition is wider than a previous suggestion in the literature, there are still other instances of reasoning that concern mechanisms but do not (and should not) count as mechanistic reasoning. One of the three distinguished types, which is negative only in the health-related sense, has a corresponding positive counterpart, whereas the other two, which are epistemically negative, do not have such counterparts, at least not that are particularly interesting as evidence. Accounting for negative mechanistic reasoning in EBM is therefore partly different from accounting for positive mechanistic reasoning. Each negative type corresponds to a range of evidential strengths, and it is argued that there are differences with respect to the typical strengths. The variety of negative mechanistic reasoning should be acknowledged in EBM, and presents a serious challenge to proponents of so-called medical hierarchies of evidence.QC 20150413
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胡志鵬 and Chi-pang Sam Wu. "Chinese medical convalescence and research centre." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986912.
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Wu, Chi-pang Sam. "Chinese medical convalescence and research centre." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949871.
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Honsberger, Lynn. "Bio-medical and medical spin-off companies from Canadian medical schools and affiliated research institutes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ58461.pdf.
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Honsberger, Lynn M. "Bio-medical and medical spin-off companies from Canadian medical schools and affiliated research institutes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9175.
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Although biotechnology is a relatively a new industry it is expected to have a major impact on our economy and society in the near future. The field of medicine will be affected dramatically. The spin-off phenomenon is also relatively new. Little information has been available on their effect, especially on a national basis. As a study of medical and biomedical companies created from technology developed in Canada's medical schools and affiliated research institutes, this thesis set out to answer five questions related to biotechnology and spin-offs. The five questions follow: (1) Which Canadian companies are biomedical spin-offs? (2) Who funded the founding technology of biomedical spin-off companies and the careers of the founding scientists? (3) What is the rate of spin-off creation? (4) How are these spin-off companies impacting the economy? (5) Which provinces have been "players" in this industry? (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Bell, Heather. "Medical research and medical practice in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1899-1940." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320868.
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Dyer, Sarah Elizabeth. "Applying bioethics : local research ethics committees and their regulation of medical research." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/applying-bioethics--local-research-ethics-committees-and-their-regulation-of-medical-research(c0840da4-23fb-49a1-a712-eb2a0d5a08ac).html.
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Stepniewska, Katarzyna. "Some variable selection problems in medical research." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319251.
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Pietersen, Merle Anthea. "Competitive intelligence at the Medical Research Council." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3363.
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Thesis (MPhil (Information Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.The study was conducted to establish whether there is a need at the Medical Research Council for a formal CI function to be implemented. The objective of the investigation was to establish whether the CI techniques and methods, which are traditionally applied in the commercial industry, could be applied to a non-commercial industry, like the medical research industry in which the Medical Research Council operates. The aim is to highlight the benefits that CI could provide to the managerial decision-makers of the organisation. A quantitative study was done. A questionnaire was distributed to the identified target audience to collect empirical data for the study. A combination of random sampling techniques was used, namely simple random sampling and stratified random sampling to identify the potential target audience. Face-to-face interviews were done with the respondents to ensure high quality return due to the small sample size. The survey focused on establishing the needs and the wants of the employees of the Medical Research Council regarding CI functions. A theoretical study was combined with the data collected in the empirical study to achieve the above mentioned objective. By applying the CI techniques the organisation will be able to make sense of scattered bits of data. Data can be collected from the organisation`s surrounding business environments, the customers, the competitors, the market and the stakeholders. The CI Analyst can then make sense of the data by applying different methods of analysis and delivering the information to the decision-makers in a timely manner to ensure that informed decisions are taken. The CI-process should be holistic in nature. The three crucial elements required to perform a successful CI-process are the human intelligence techniques, communication processes and technology. With these elements in place managers will be able to make informed strategic, operational and tactical decisions to ensure competitive advantage is obtained and maintained. It can be concluded from the empirical data of this study that it is possible to apply the CI theory of the commercial industry to the non-profit medical research industry.
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Davis, Richard Hill. "A genre analysis of medical research articles." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6724/.
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Hospitals and other health institutions around the world have begun to tie staff promotion and careers to publication; accordingly, an increasing number of medical journal articles are being written by non-native English speakers and novice writers. This work aims to analyse medical journal articles as a genre, and follows Swales’ (1990) framework for doing so, by interviewing a sample of the discourse community and finding the Rhetorical Moves that make up the genre, with additional investigation of stance, via selected reporting verbs, and cohesion, through selected discourse markers. I compiled one of the larger corpora of medical research articles (250), as well as one of the most recent (2001-2011). Previous studies reviewed 50 articles at most, drawn from earlier periods of time. As part of the examination of the genre, this study includes discussions with a sample of the discourse community, the users of the genre, with interviews from ten doctors and five editors from around the world who have a wide range of experience in writing, publishing and editing articles. In addition, I identified 17 Rhetorical Moves, with four considered optional, with the idea to identify a sequence that writers and educators can use to see how the medical article may be written. I also examined 13 reporting verbs to determine if it is possible to identify authorial stance regarding the information being reported, and were coded as being factive (the authors agreed with the information), non-factive (the authors conveyed no judgement on the information) and counter-factive (the authors disagreed with the information being reported). Finally, the study looked at how cohesion is maintained through examples of the five types of discourse markers. This study presents the most comprehensive examination of the genre to date, which, through the utilization of corpus analysis techniques, allows a more in-depth analysis than previous studies.
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Halpin, Ross William. "A history of concern: The ethical dilemma of using Nazi medical research data in contemporary medical and scientific research." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4010.
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Halpin, Ross William. "A history of concern the ethical dilemma of using Nazi medical research data in contemporary medical and scientific research /." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4010.
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Basso, Marco Antonio Gimenes. "The problem of bias in medical research and its relationship with medical education." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019260/.
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Biases in medical research are becoming acknowledged as a serious and increasing problem for medicine all over the world. They compromise the evaluation of the real effects of drugs, and jeopardise the possibility of evidence-based decisions and knowledge in medical practice. The current measures adopted to attempt to reduce them, although important and necessary, seem to have had only a limited effect. The fundamental aim of this study is to be a piece of exploratory research on the possible factors involved in medical education that can be related to the existence of bias in medical research. The randomised controlled trial, the main research method in much of medical research, is analysed concerning its strengths and weaknesses as a scientific instrument and the most common biases that may occur in this research method are evaluated. Questionnaires and interviews with students and teachers of five medical schools in Parana State (Brazil) were used to appraise aspects of a potential connection between medical education and the aforementioned problems in medical research. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data obtained were performed. The level of awareness about bias in research, in these schools, was evaluated as insufficient and fragmentary. Some critical obstacles, related to the transmission of knowledge about bias to the students, were identified. There is evidence that, at least in the schools involved in this research, the problem of bias is considered as a minor issue, when compared with other structural and educational problems. Possible solutions to the problem of low level of awareness about bias in research were collected by the research instruments employed, and are discussed in regard to their potential efficacy and feasibility.
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D'Andrea, Maureen. "A study investigating the health care support service training needs for Gloucester County and workforce development demand /." Full text available online, 2005. http://www.lib.rowan.edu/home/research/articles/rowan_theses.
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Chuang, William 1970. "Design of a genetics database for medical research." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/86291.
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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-57, first group).
by William Chuang.
S.B.and M.Eng.
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Fourie, Jean. "The quality of translation regarding medical research questionnaires." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53667.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Little scholarly reflection has been published on the subject of medical research and translation. The aim of this study is to contribute to such literature by investigating the quality of original and retranslated medical questionnaires. The various steps medical researchers follow when translating their questionnaires are considered and discussed. Particular attention is given to questionnaires on AIDS-related topics in South Africa, as well as to the role of translation in ensuring the collection of valid data in medical research. Different translation approaches, which are followed when translating medical texts, and the impact they have on the quality of the research, are discussed. These approaches are the linguistic, text-linguistic and functional approaches. Attention is given to translators as communicators and mediators, as well as to the more general role of the translator. This study hypothesises that the quality of translations of medical research questions is largely inadequate in communicating effectively with the target culture for which they are intended. The retranslation hypothesis stating that retranslations are closer to the source text (ST) than original translations is supported. Afrikaans- and Xhosa-speaking adolescents from two secondary schools in the Cape Peninsula participated in a before-after study. These learners received self-administered medical questions on the two occasions. The first set comprised original translations, while the second set contained retranslations of the ST questions. Evaluation questions were included to assess the quality of these translations. The design, translation approach and quality of the original translations are explained, as is the development of the retranslation and evaluation questionnaires. Translations that do not consider their target audience lead to communication gaps, which have an adverse effect on the validity of data derived from questionnaires that are used in medical research. The results of most of these questions are compared for the two target cultures and are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The data are further explored to establish whether and how the translational quality of medical questionnaires can be improved. These aspects and the suggested translation process are discussed while bearing in mind the limitations of a study of this kind. Recommendations are made for possible improvement to the quality of translations of medical questionnaires. Projections for further studies in this direction complete this empirical investigation into translation and medical research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Relatief min akademiese nadenke is gepubliseer oor die onderwerp mediese navorsing en vertaling. Hierdie studie wil 'n bydrae maak tot sodanige literatuur deur 'n ondersoek na die kwaliteit van oorspronklik vertaalde en hervertaalde mediese vraelyste. Die onderskeie stappe wat mediese navorsers ten opsigte van die vertaling van hulle vraelyste volg, word bespreek. Aandag word spesifiek gerig op vraelyste oor vigsverwante temas in Suid-Afrika, asook op die rol van vertaling in die versekering dat geldige data in mediese navorsing ingesamel word. Verskeie benaderings wat gevolg word in die vertaling van mediese tekste en die impak wat hulle het op die kwaliteit van die navorsing word bespreek. Hierdie benaderings is die linguistiese, tekslinguistiese en funksionalistiese benaderings. Aandag word geskenk aan vertalers as kommunikeerders en tussengangers, asook die meer algemene rol van die vertaler. Hierdie studie veronderstel dat die kwaliteit van vertalings van mediese navorsingsvraelyste grootliks onvoldoende is om effektief met die betrokke teikengehoor te kommunikeer. Die hervertalingshipotese wat sê dat hervertalings nader aan die brontaal (Bn as oorspronklike vertalings is, word ondersteun. Afrikaans- en Xhosa-sprekende adolessente van twee sekondêre skole in die Skiereiland het deelgeneem aan 'n voor- en agtemastudie. Hierdie leerders het op beide geleenthede die vraelyste self voltooi. Die eerste stel het oorspronklike vertalings bevat terwyl die tweede stel hervertalings van die BT bevat het. Evalueringsvrae is ingesluit om die kwaliteit van hierdie vertalings te help bepaal. Die ontwerp, vertalingsbenadering en kwaliteit van die oorspronklike vertalings word verduidelik, so ook die ontwikkeling van die hervertaling- en evalueringsvraelyste. Vertalings wat nie die teikengehoor in ag neem nie, lei tot kommunikasiegapings wat die geldigheid van data afkomstig van vraelyste in mediese navorsing nadelig kan raak. Die resultate van die meeste van hierdie vrae word vir die twee teikenkulture vergelyk, en dit word kwalitatief en kwantitatief ontleed. Die data word verder ondersoek om vas te stelof en hoe die kwaliteit van die vertaling van mediese vraelyste verbeter sou kon word. Bogenoemde aspekte en die voorgestelde vertalingsproses word bespreek met inagneming van die beperkings van 'n studie van hierdie aard. Voorstelle word gemaak vir die moontlike verbetering van die vertaling van mediese vraelyste. Vooruitskattings vir verdere studie in hierdie rigting voltooi hierdie empiriese ondersoek na vertaling en mediese navorsing. Ek dra hierdie tesis op aan Mattheus vir sy liefde, geduld en al die tee-aandraery, asook aan Ettienne en Jeanelle wat met minder ondersteuning van my as andersins hulle skoolloopbane moes voltooi het.
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Dar, Amber. "Decision-making about child participation in medical research." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/decisionmaking-about-child-participation-in-medical-research(51eb6dae-c84c-456e-88e4-1cb8385196f3).html.
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Medical research on children is necessary to achieve progress in paediatric medicine for two reasons: firstly, certain diseases are unique to childhood and therefore medical research must be conducted on children to find out more about these childhood diseases, and secondly, adults and children respond differently to drugs and treatment, particularly when it comes to dealing with metabolism and disease. Due to findings that adults and children differ significantly in both pharmacodynamics (the way a drug affects the body) and pharmacokinetics (the way the body responds to the drug), results obtained in adults cannot easily be transposed in minors. To help ensure that children are prescribed safe and effective medicines, it is necessary to reduce widespread use of unlicensed and “off-label” medicines in children, because such medicines have neither been tested nor authorised for use in the paediatric population. Tensions in the legal and ethical frameworks that regulate decision-making about child participation in medical research are an obstacle to research being conducted with children because the existing frameworks cannot effectively inform the decision-making of parents and their children about research participation when they fail to give due attention to the family context in which decisions about child research participation tend to be made. For research and experimental or innovative treatment that falls within the remit of the common law, narrow definitions and interpretations of the best interests test, that do not sufficiently take account of all the different interests that will be involved when making a decision about a child, fail to adequately justify child participation in medical research and the administration of experimental or innovative treatment. The principal objective of this thesis is to highlight how more attention needs to be given to a child in the context of his or her caring relationships and the responsibilities that arise within these caring relationships to enhance existing decision-making frameworks that regulate child participation in medical research and strike an appropriate balance between protecting research participants and facilitating sound research.
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Flemons, Kristin. "Medical humanitarianism and its mutations: an ethnography of the African Medical and Research Foundation." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119569.
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This thesis examines the ways in which the African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) may be considered a 'mutation' of medical humanitarianism, across both time (through the course of the organization's history) and space (from humanitarianism's birthplace in Europe to AMREF's headquarters in East Africa). To this end, the author conducted field research with staff at AMREF's Kenya Country Office between June and September, 2012, involving participant observation, field visits, and archival research. In Chapter 1, the Foundation's commitment to projects of medical, technical and bureaucratic modernity in East Africa is explored, which complicates analyses of humanitarian minimalism. In Chapter 2, the organization's history is discussed as a reference point for understanding its unique characteristics. In Chapter 3, AMREF's research activities are unpacked as additions to, and transgressions of, boundaries between medical humanitarianism and global health.Ce mémoire cherche à montrer que l'African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) constitue une « mutation » de l'humanitaire médical, aussi bien dans le temps (à travers l'histoire de l'organisation) que dans l'espace (de l'Europe, lieu d'origine de l'humanitaire jusqu'au siège social d'AMREF en Afrique de l'Est). Dans le cadre de ce projet, l'auteure a entrepris quatre mois de recherches de terrain auprès du personnel des bureaux d'AMREF au Kenya, entre Juin et Septembre 2012, faisant usage de méthodes de recherche telles que l'observation participante, des visites de terrains, et de la recherche d'archives. Le premier chapitre documente l'engagement de la Fondation vis-à- vis de projets de modernité médicale, technique et bureaucratique en Afrique de l'Est, venant ainsi nuancer certaines analyses centrées sur le minimalisme humanitarisme. Dans le deuxième chapitre, une présentation détaillée de l'histoire de l'organisation permet d'en mettre en valeur son caractère particulier et unique. Enfin, dans un troisième chapitre, les activités de recherches d'AMREF sont analysées à la fois comme suppléments et transgressions des frontières entre l'humanitaire médical et la santé mondiale.
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Bouma, Matthew F. "Medical evacuation and treatment capabilities optimization model." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FBouma.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Moshe Kress, Matt Boensel. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-99). Also available online.
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Morrison, Heather, and Andrew Waller. "Open access for the medical librarian." Canadian Health Libraries Association, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/952.
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In this article open access is defined, and the resources and issues of greatest relevance to the medical librarian are discussed. The economics of open access publishing is examined from the point of view of the university library. Open access resources, both journals and articles in repositories, are already significant and growing rapidly. There are close to 2300 fully open-access peer review journals listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) (320 health sciences titles are included). DOAJ is adding titles at a rate of 1.5 per day. An OAIster search of resources in repositories includes more than 7.6 million items (a rough estimate of the number of articles in repositories, although not all items are full text), and this number will exceed one billion items before the end of 2007. Medical research funders, including the US National Institutes of Health, the Wellcome Trust, the UK Medical Research Council, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, either have implemented or are considering open access policies. This will drive greater growth in open access resources, particularly in the area of medicine. There are implications and leadership opportunities for librarians in the open access environment.
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Gettens, Robert T. T. "Protein adsorption onto medical alloys voltage effects /." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1398611421&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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D'Eon, Marcel F. "Strengthening faculty development in medical education through action research." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24069.pdf.
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Freeman, Michelle. "Nazi medical experimentation : the scientific dilemma for modern research /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arf855.pdf.
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Partlett, Christopher. "Asymmetry and other distributional properties in medical research data." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6348/.
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The central theme of this thesis is to investigate the use of non-parametric methods for making inferences about a random sample with an unknown distribution function. The overarching aim is the development of new methods to make inferences regarding the nature of the unknown distribution to enhance medical research. Initially,the focus is exclusively on the asymmetry of a random variable. In particular, a recently proposed measure of asymmetry provides the foundation for the proposal and development of a new test for symmetry. The potential applications of the test and measure are applied to a number of medical research settings including randomised trials. Moreover, guidance is provided on its implementation, with particular emphasis on the problem of small sample estimation. This investigation is then generalised to examine asymmetry across multiple studies. In particular, meta-analysis methods are used to synthesise information about the amount of asymmetry in several studies. Further, a detailed simulation study is carried out to investigate the impact of asymmetry on linear models and meta-analyses of randomised trials, in terms of the accuracy of the treatment effect estimate and the coverage of confidence and prediction intervals. Finally, the scope of the investigation is widened to encompass the problem of comparing and synthesising information about the probability density function and cumulative distribution function, based on samples from multiple studies. The meta-analysis of the smooth distribution function estimate is then applied to propose new methods for conducting meta-analyses of diagnostic test accuracy, which have a number of merits compared to the existing methodology.
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Hardy, Rebecca Jane. "Meta-analysis techniques in medical research : a statistical perspective." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1995. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682268/.
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Meta-analysis is now commonly used in medical research. However there are statistical issues relating to the subject that require investigation and some are considered here, from both a methodological and a practical perspective. Each of the fixed effect and the random effects models for meta-analysis are based on certain assumptions and the validity of these is investigated. A formal test of the homogeneity assumption made in the fixed effect model may be performed. Since the test has low power, simulation was used to investigate the power under various conditions. The random effects model incorporates a between-study component of variance into the model. A likelihood based method was used to obtain a confidence interval for this variance and also to provide an interval for the overall treatment effect which takes into account the fact that the between-study variance is estimated, rather than assuming it to be known. In order to obtain confidence intervals for the treatment effect for both the fixed effect and the random effects models, distributional assumptions of normality are usually made. Such assumptions may be checked using q-q plots of the residuals obtained for each trial in the meta-analysis. In both meta-analysis models it is assumed that the weight allocated to each study is known, when in fact it must be estimated from the data. The effect of estimating the weights on the overall treatment effect estimate, its confidence intervals, the between-study variance estimate and the test statistic for homogeneity, is investigated by both analytic and simulation methods. It is shown how meta-analysis methods may be used to analyse multicentre trials of a paired cluster randomised design. Meta-analysis techniques are found to be preferable to previously published methods specifically developed for the analysis of such designs, which produce biased and potentially misleading results when a large treatment effect is present.
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Sitarz, Mateusz. "Research on production of new medical radioisotopes with cyclotron." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4050.
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Aujourd’hui, les radio-isotopes sont fréquemment utilises en médecine, pour le diagnostic et la thérapie. Cependant, le développement constant de la médecine nucléaire provoque l’application de nouveaux radio-isotopes médicaux. La recherche sur leur production possible a grande échelle est la première étape d’un long processus d’études avant de pouvoir de les utilise dans des essais cliniques. Dans cette thèse, les voies de production ont été étudiées pour la formation de médicalement intéressants 43Sc, 44m,gSc, 47Sc, 97Ru et 105Rh en utilisant de cyclotrons. Les radioisotopes de scandium ont ete produits avec des cibles en calcium et en titane et avec des faisceaux de protons ou de deuterons; 97Ru a ete obtenu par irradiation de molybdene avec des particules α; et la production de 105Rh a ete etudiee avec des cibles en ruthenium et avec un faisceau de deuteron. Deux grandeurs ont été déterminés expérimentalement: la section efficace de réaction nucleaire, σ(E), et l’efficacité de la production, TTY(E), qui ont été utilisés pour discuter des conditions possibles de production optimale à grande échelle de ces radio-isotopes. De plus, la conversion de σ(E) en TTY(E) a été automatisée en développant un logiciel spécialisé, et un algorithme de reconstruction de σ(E) avec des valeurs de TTY(E) a été introduitToday, radioisotopes are commonly used in medicine, both in diagnosis and therapy. However, steady development of nuclear medicine demands the application of new medical radioisotopes. The investigation of their possible large-scale production is a first step in a long research process before they can be used in clinical trials. In this thesis, the production routes were studied for the formation of medically interesting 43Sc, 44m,gSc, 47Sc, 97Ru, and 105Rh with the use of cyclotrons. The scandium radioisotopes were produced with calcium and titanium targets and proton or deuteron beams; 97Ru was obtained through the irradiation of molybdenum with α particles; and production of 105Rh was studied with ruthenium targets and deuteron beam. Two parameters were determined experimentally: nuclear reaction cross-section, σ(E), and Thick Target Yield, TTY(E), which were used to discuss the possibility of optimal large-scale production conditions of discussed radioisotopes. Additionally, the conversion of σ(E) to TTY(E) was automatized by developing a dedicated software, and an algorithm for the reconstruction of σ(E) based on TTY(E) measurements was introduced
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Tychkov, D. V., and C. V. Bazilo. "The research of piezoelectric transducers for ultrasonic medical systems." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65251.
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Piezoelectric transducers are widely used in the medical systems, special permanently in ultrasonic inhalation devices for spraying of drugs for the treatment of upper respiratory tract and lungs. The devices are simple enough, convenient and reliable in operation. It was developed a research installation for the research and parameters optimization of piezoelectric transducers that can be used as nebulizers, and aerosol cloud formation from an aqueous solution of drugs.
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Gomes, Catarina Martins. "Traineeship in Lenitudes Medical Center & Research : quality management." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14578.
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Mestrado em Biomedicina FarmacêuticaThis document aims to describe a traineeship developed in the healthcare unit Lenitudes Medical Center & Research, located in Santa Maria da Feira, which had a duration of 10 months, following the process of construction, opening and start functioning of this new health facility. The academic training provided during module courses of the Master Degree in Pharmaceutical Biomedicine allowed the development of knowledge and skills in the areas of Clinical Research, Regulatory and Medical Devices Development and Quality Management which have been put into practice during this experience. The traineeship focused, essentially, on topics related to quality management, respective documentation and development processes of its system, with the objective to outline future strategies for this clinic’s accreditation and certification. During this traineeship, I additionally developed multidisciplinary activities related to search, organization of medical devices’ budgets and selection and, also, some initial processes regarding clinical research. The traineeship has proved very enriching and unique, having enabled the development of new professional, personal and social skills.
O presente documento pretende descrever um estágio curricular realizado na clínica Lenitudes Medical Center & Research, localizada em Santa Maria da Feira, que decorreu durante 10 meses, acompanhando o processo de construção, abertura e entrada em funcionamento desta nova estrutura de saúde. A formação académica proporcionada pelas unidades curriculares do Mestrado em Biomedicina Farmacêutica permitiu o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos e competências nas áreas de Investigação Clínica, Regulamentação e Desenvolvimento de Dispositivos Médicos e Gestão da Qualidade que puderam ser colocados em prática durante esta experiência. O estágio focou essencialmente tópicos relacionados com a Gestão da Qualidade, com os respetivos processos de desenvolvimento do seu Sistema e da respetiva documentação, visando possíveis estratégias futuras para a Acreditação e Certificação desta unidade de saúde. Durante o estágio, adicionalmente, foram realizadas atividades de carácter multidisciplinar relacionadas com a procura, organização de propostas de orçamento e seleção de dispositivos médicos e, ainda, alguns processos iniciais de investigação clínica. O estágio curricular revelou-se bastante enriquecedor e único, tendo permitido o desenvolvimento de novas competências e aptidões profissionais, pessoais e sociais.
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Marques, Ana Rita Barbosa. "Internship in Lenitudes Medical Center & Research: risk management." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16474.
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Mestrado em Biomedicina FarmacêuticaThis document describes an internship carried out in the healthcare unit Lenitudes Medical Center & Research, located in Santa Maria da Feira, held from 1st September 2015 until 31st May 2016. This internship was performed as part of the second year of the Master in Pharmaceutical Biomedicine at the University of Aveiro, aiming to acquire technical skills and experience in Risk Management and Pharmacovigilance, as well as to consolidate previous knowledge. Besides the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, this training period was paramount for the development of a number of social and personal skills that contributed for my profissional growth within the host institution. The training mainly focused in topics related to Risk Management, involving the preparation of the Risk Management Manual of the unit and adverse events monitoring periodic reports associated with radiotherapy. Additionally, during the internship were conducted multidisciplinary activities related to initial processes regarding research and medical writing. This internship was a very enriching experience with great value on a professional, personal and social level, that allowed me to achieve the main objectives established.
O presente documento descreve o estágio curricular realizado na clínica Lenitudes Medical Center & Research, localizada em Santa Maria da Feira, que decorreu desde 1 de setembro de 2015 até 31 de maio de 2016. Este estágio foi realizado no âmbito do segundo ano do Mestrado em Biomedicina Farmacêutica da Universidade de Aveiro e teve como objetivos a aquisição de competências técnicas, experiência e consolidação de conhecimentos nas áreas de Gestão de Risco e Farmacovigilância. Para além da aquisição de conhecimentos teóricos, este período de estágio foi fundamental para o desenvolvimento de um conjunto de aptidões sociais e pessoais que contribuíram para o meu crescimento profissional dentro da instituição de acolhimento. O estágio focou essencialmente tópicos relacionados com a Gestão de Risco, envolvendo a elaboração do Manual de Gestão de Risco da unidade, bem como relatórios periódicos de monitorização de eventos adversos associados à radioterapia. Adicionalmente, durante o estágio foram realizadas atividades de carácter multidisciplinar relacionadas com processos iniciais de investigação e medical writing. Esta foi uma experiência bastante enriquecedora, de grande valor a nível profissional, pessoal e social, que me permitiu atingir os principais objetivos estabelecidos.
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Ribeiro, Diogo Miguel Machado Pinto. "Internship in medical writing at a clinical research organization." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/18777.
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Mestrado em Biomedicina FarmacêuticaThis report aims at describing my experience uring the 9 months of curricular internship at Eurotrials, Scientific Consultants, as part of the 2nd year of the Master’s in Pharmaceutical Medicine. The internship was mainly focused on the development of skills and acquiring experience in Medical Writing activities, trought actively participating in activities usually developed by medical writers: writing, preparation and submission of scientific articles, preparation of scientific posters, compilation of appendices for Clinical Study Reports, and writing of educational material. Throughout the internship, I had the opportunity to acquire valuable knowledge related to Medical Writing, as well as to clearly understand its role in clinical research, as an essential tool to interpret, describe and publish the data obtained.
Este relatório tem como objetivo descrever a minha experiência durante os 9 meses de estágio curricular na Eurotrials, Consultores Científicos, como parte do 2º ano do Mestrado de Biomedicina Farmacêutica. O estágio focou-se maioritariamente no desenvolvimento de competências e obtenção de experiência em atividades de Medical Writing, através da participação ativa em atividades usualmente desenvolvidas por medical writers: escrita, preparação e submissão de artigos científicos, preparação de pósters científicos, complilação de apêndices para Clinical Study Reports, e escrita de material educativo. Durante o estágio, tive a oportunidade de adquirir conhecimentos essenciais relacionados com a atividade de Medical Writing, e de perceber de forma clara o seu papel na investigação clínica, como ferramenta essencial na interpretação, descrição e divulgação dos dados obtidos.
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Kunz, Lauren Margaret. "Statistical Methods for Comparative Effectiveness Research of Medical Devices." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14226082.
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A recent focus in health care policy is on comparative effectiveness of treatments--from drugs to behavioral interventions to medical devices. Medical devices bring a unique set of challenges for comparative effectiveness research. In this dissertation, I develop statistical methods for comparative effectiveness estimation and illustrate the methodology in the context of three different medical devices. In chapter 2, I review approaches for causal inference in the context of observational cohort studies, utilizing a potential outcomes framework demonstrated using data for patients undergoing revascularization surgery with radial versus femoral artery access. Propensity score methods; G-computation; augmented inverse probability of treatment weighting; and targeted maximum likelihood estimation are implemented and their causal and statistical assumptions evaluated. In chapter 3, I undertake a theoretical and simulation-based assessment of differential follow-up information per treatment arm on inference in meta-analysis where applied researchers commonly assume similar follow-up duration across treatment groups. When applied to the implantation of cardiovascular resynchronization therapies to examine comparative survival, only 3 of 8 studies report arm-specific follow-up. I derive the bias of the rate ratio for an individual study using the number of deaths and total patients per arm and show that the bias can be large, even for modest violations of the assumption that follow-up is the same in the two arms. Furthermore, when pooling multiple studies with Bayesian methods for random effects meta-analysis, the direction and magnitude of the bias is unpredictable. In chapter 4, I examine the statistical power for designing a study of devices when it is difficult to blind patients and providers, everyone wants the device, and clustering by hospitals where the devices are implanted needs to be taken into account. In these situations, a stepped wedge design (SWD) cluster randomized design may be used to rigorously assess the roll-out of novel devices. I determine the exact asymptotic theoretical power using Romberg integration over cluster random effects to calculate power in a two-treatment, binary outcome SWD. Over a range of design parameters, the exact method is from 9% to 2.4 times more efficient than designs based on the existing method.
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Chen, Chung-Sheng, and 陳正昇. "The research of medical malpractice." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34080823838253047874.
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博士東吳大學
法律學系
98
Abstract The doctoral thesis title: The Research of Medical Malpractice. This dissertation studies the medical negligence from the perspectives of legal theories and the judicial cases of medical malpractice as well as the legal interpretation of existing laws. It has been going whether the civil liability of medical malpractice is applicable to Consumer Law for ten years in Taiwan. There is a strong reason (to incur defensive medical practice"防衛性醫療行為") that disagrees with applying strict liability to medical injuries cases from physicians and hospitals. This dissertation submits the reasons to readers in favor of medical negligence and thinks that we may adopt medical negligence as the judicial standard of the civil liability when medical injuries happened. Comparing with other foreign legal theories, this dissertation recommends that we may apply the Japanese legal theories(the theory of medical standard"醫療水準論") to judge the duty of care in medical negligent cases. On the other hand, this dissertation suggests the solution of the fair distribution of the burden of proof between the patient and hospital. According to the Chinese existing laws, this dissertation also tries to establish the legal structure that the hospital should be responsible for the final and main civil liability when the damages occurred by medical malpractice. The goal of this dissertation is to solve the disputes between parties in medical injuries. The structure of this dissertation is as follows: Chapter Ⅰ introduces the author's motives, purposes, ranges, methods, and main points of research. Chapter Ⅱ defines the concept of medical practice and explains relationship between medical injuries, errors and negligence. It also expounds the legal structure of medical negligence in Chinese Civil Codes. Chapter Ⅲ analyzes the standard of care in medical injuries and introduces the foreign legal theories(including American, Japanese and German) about medical negligence. It also supports the viewpoint that adopts medical negligence as the standard of duty of care in medical injuries cases. Chapter Ⅳ discusses civil negligence (including elements, obligations and the standard of duty of care) and legal obligations of medical practice. It also examines the opinions of medical negligent cases of High Court and The Supreme Court in Taiwan. In ChapterⅤ, it is the main purpose to clarify the standard of care in medical negligent cases. This chapter offers here many reasons why we may establish the medical standard as the foundation of medical negligence by learning Japanese legal theories. Chapter Ⅵ emphasizes the importance of burden of proof in medical injuries cases. In this chapter, we may submit to readers opinions how to do the fair allocation of the burden of proof between the patient and hospital by researching foreign theories. Chapter Ⅶ is a conclusion. In this chapter, we summaries full context and presents the results of chapters mentioned above. This dissertation also reviews conditions and effects that apply the theory of medical standard to medical negligent cases in Taiwan. Finally, it also tries to deal with medical dispute procedures and suggests to adopt " Mediation first" and "Arbitration option" to avoid the rigidity of the proceedings. Key words: medical malpractice, medical negligence, medical injuries, liability, hospital, medical standard, the burden of proof
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Chan-Yu, Chiang, and 姜讚裕. "Research of Medical Accident Certifying." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24717004214980587731.
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碩士國立中正大學
法律學研究所
99
The uncertainty of medical treatment contributes to the difficulty of clarifying liability in the civil case or/and the criminal suit. In Taiwan, current practices of clarifying the liability rest heavily on the Medical Accident Certifying Report System conducted by the third party medical professionals and on the ability of the accused medical workers to demonstrate his/her innocence. Yet, the two practices cannot yield a rigorous casual relationship between the accused medical conduct and the liability, upon which relationship a sound criminal judgment should base. The thesis argues that the defective medical conduct is not necessarily the criminal conduct. The theoretical debates and the practical issues related to this medical judicial problem are discussed to support the argument: needed is a well defined differentiation among defective medical conducts, negligent medical conducts, and the criminal medical conducts. The argument also based on the development of the typology of defective medical conducts and possible civil liability or/and criminal liability correspondences. Case analyses are also provided to reifying the argument.
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Chao, Rockey, and 趙榮勤. "A Research of Medical Arbitration." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x7uf4z.
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碩士嶺東科技大學
財經法律研究所
101
The recent mode to settle down the prevailing medical disputes in Taiwan has been that a patient files a criminal lawsuit, requesting the prosecutor to intervene to save him from hiring a lawyer, collecting evidence and paying the referee fee. A compensation request is attached with the lawsuit. Such a litigation mode, however, often causes a heavy burden to the criminal court. And patients do not benefit from the high acquitting rate. The mode has thus altered medical services significantly. Both medical institutions and doctors have become evasive. The consequence of the change has to be taken by the whole society. Negotiation, reconciliation, mediation, arbitration, and litigation are the most common ways to settle medical dispute in Taiwan. In negotiation and mediation, a settlement is achieved without a third-party involved while in conciliation or mediation a third-party is required for the settlement. Arbitration is regulated by the provisions of the Arbitration Act and formed by the arbitral tribunal whereas lawsuits are resorted to the court. Contrary to consultation and mediation, the results arbitration and litigation are mandatory. Arbitration saves the cost of litigation for both doctors and patients once a dispute occurs. And the majority of disputes can be settled within six months. Besides, with more arbitrators of medical professional backgrounds, the results of arbitrations turn more accurate and timely. Plus with the privacy and mandatory settlements, arbitration proceeding is an inevitable trend to settle medical disputes in the future.
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Yu, Chieh-Chao, and 余健釗. "Research OF National Health Insurance Medical." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02025013177584693950.
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碩士國立臺北大學
統計學系
92
According to the statistics of Health Bureau, the medical benefits in Taiwan grow year by year. Total medical benefits attain to 5,488 billion NT dollars, and the average medical expenditures a year each person attain to 24,567 NT dollars in 1989. Now, the proportion of medical expenditures to GDP in Taiwan is 5.8%, which is relatively low to the proportions of developed countries. For example, the proportion in U.S. is about 14%, in Germany is about 10.6%, in French is about 7.4%, and in Japan is about 7.4%. From the issuance of the Public Medical Insurance in 1995, the financial situation of it is always the focus of all parties. In 1998, the medical benefits were over the premium incomes, and financial shortage amounted to 50 billions. Since then, the financial shortage situation continued to 2000. This paper examines the monthly data from 1996 to 2001, total 6 years, and selects proper explanation variables to construct a medical expenditure stochastic model. This paper employs the methodology of univariate time series model and transfer function model to simulate and predict future growth trend of medical expenditures, by the way, to set a financial-equitable premium rate. The research results of this paper show that average medical expenditure per person is affected by the factor of seasonality, explanation variables, the previous period disturbance term, and the medical price level index of pervious three periods
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yu-mei, Cheng, and 程尤美. "The Research of Medical Negligence -Focusing on Transparency of Medical Identification." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/699cp2.
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碩士開南大學
法律學系
103
Abstract This thesis is divided into six chapters, and its framework of content is presented as follows: Chapter 1 is the introduction. First, the research motives and purposes of this study are explained. Second, the methodology used in this study and the limitations are discussed. Finally, the medical terms, such as medical practices, medical standards, customary medical practices and clinical practice guidelines, and evidence-based medicine, mentioned in this thesis are defined and explained. Chapter 2 presents an overview of medical malpractice and the objective duty of care in medical practice. This chapter addresses practitioner faults in medical criminal law, the development of the theory of negligence, breach of duty of care in medicine, and conditions for medical practice to be classed as malpractice. Chapter 3 expounds the rules of strict proof adopted by the Code of Criminal Procedure in Taiwan and explicates the two concepts of admissibility of evidence and investigation procedure. All evidence presented in criminal proceedings must be formally noted. First, whether admissible evidence exists must be determined. If the admissibility of evidence is confirmed, further legal investigation proceedings can be requested. Subsequently, relevant principles related to evidence, such as presumption of innocence and the privilege against self-incrimination, are briefly described. In addition, the meaning of admissibility of evidence and the restrictions on admissibility of evidence are explained. For example, whether violating the principle of direct trial, hearsay-rule evidence, evidence violating the principle of relevance, and opinion evidence have no admissibility as evidence is addressed. Questions regarding how to determine the admissibility of evidence for the identification of evidence and whether the medical malpractice identification in this regard is controversial are discussed. Chapter 4 discusses the judgment of identified results, by using the purposes of criminal identification as a starting point, to clarify the differences and similarities in the identification and conduct purposes between the investigation and trial. Issues pertinent to the absolute and relative scientific aspects in an evidential report and whether these disparities affect the binding force of the evidential report are elaborated. Whether the characteristics of medical malpractice identification genuinely belong to scientific identification is also discussed. Chapter 5 presents interviews and statistical data to reveal the current status and problems in the system of medical treatment appraisal. Topics discussed include the institution appraisal, qualification of forensic appraiser, disputes of first identification, multiple appraisal, problems in customary medical practice, completeness of evidential reports, and judge’s free evaluation of evidence through inner conviction. The current system of medical treatment appraisal is further investigated and reviewed. In addition to the conclusion of this thesis, Chapter 6 provides suggestions according to the content of Chapter 5. The provisions of medical appraisal is expected to be made more transparent and precise so that the crucial but difficult medical appraisal can play a real, effective role.
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LEE, JING-CHI, and 李境豈. "Innovative medical service research – Algorithm for organizing order of medical diagnosis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wm9z9h.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
資訊管理系
106
Since the full-scale practice of hospital accreditation proposed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, medical centers, regional hospitals, and district hospitals nowadays have introduced the exam room report system to improve quality of medical services. Among service quality indicators in outpatient clinics, the most direct feeling sensed by the public is related to the time spent in a waiting room. The length of waiting time directly affects quality of medical services and the public’s satisfaction. Therefore, shortening the time spent in a waiting room not only enhances the public’s satisfaction at seeking medical advice but indirectly increases a hospital’s competitiveness. In view of the fact that a waiting room is often packed with people seeking medical advice and their family members due to insufficient information about time for the medical turn to see the doctor, how to effectively reduce the waiting time and flexibly arrange the medical examination order enables patients and their family members to efficiently use the waiting time. It further lowers the workload of follow-up paramedics, rids the public of the disputes over unfair ordering by the nursing staff, and alleviates the trouble of overcrowdedness in waiting rooms. The current study could successfully predict the waiting time and according to the speed of medical examinations by a doctor, make intelligent order arrangements based on weights. An optimal medical examination order could be calculated, thus greatly reducing the time spent in a waiting room and enhancing quality of medical services.
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Vielfaure, Natalie. "Medical records redefined: the value of the archival record in medical research." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30727.
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Increasing the visibility and societal understanding of archives is an important task given the struggle archives have to show their worth and attract a larger and more diversified group of researchers. Researchers in the field of medicine often already have the visibility that archivists seek and, within that field, those who use archival sources in their investigations may be able to increase their audience’s awareness of archives. Consequently, reaching out to these researchers is an important step in increasing archival consciousness and appreciation. Learning about what they value in archives and how they use them are equally important.
For a medical researcher, archives can provide important data for studies. This thesis analyzes key medical research uses of archives over the last forty years. As will be highlighted here, medical researchers have used archival records to study the effects of malnutrition, trauma, and environmental conditions on health. Greater awareness of the contribution of archival materials to medical knowledge and better health care has the potential to change public perceptions of archives. This medical research provides concrete examples of the value of archives to the central contemporary concerns of society. It dispels the conventional view that archives are peripheral to those concerns. Instead, it underscores the importance of archival work and the need to support it. The archival record is fluid. It has different meanings for different people at different times. Archivists must adopt a fluid perspective on value when they seek to increase their visibility and attract new users to their institutions. Records used in medical research may not have been created with that in mind. Thus by re-imagining what the medical record can be, this thesis hopes to contribute to this important process.October 2015
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Lin, Chung-Hsiang, and 劉崇祥. "Atherosclerosis Related Medical Outcomes and Medical Costs in Dementia Patient. A Mid-Taiwan Medical Center Research." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78407004672522802152.
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碩士臺中健康暨管理學院
健康管理研究所
93
Background: The majority of elderly people with chronic disease has multiple chronic conditions coincidently (co-morbidity), and clinically, a patient generally seeks treatment for 3 to 7 different symptoms each year. About 50% of adults has one chronic condition, while many have more than one. This indicates that multi-morbidity is a clinical generality, and as the more symptoms there are, the more medical treatment is sought, multi-morbidity has a substantial effect on health insurance expenditure. Due to the gradually ageing population, there now is a whole array of geriatric care related problems. Rapidly increasing numbers of geriatric dementia patients place a high mental and financial burden on families and society. Alzheimer-type dementia and vascular dementia account for most cases of dementia, yet the medical world has still not found a cure. We want to find out if the use of medical services by dementia patients is influenced by disease and patient characteristics and treatment methods, so as to offer a reference for clinical practice and hospital management. Material and Method: Subjects of this study consisted of dementia patients of a certain medical center in Central Taiwan. Those of all cases that were reported during the period from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2004 who were entered into the database under the main diagnosis of ICD-9, reference numbers 290.1, 290.2, 290.3, 290.4 and 331, and who underwent intellectual assessment, were included in the study. A cross-sectional study was performed of 1208 patients who had been subjected to intellectual assessment more than once, while follow-up study was carried out with 202 dementia patients who underwent subsequent intellectual assessment after more than 6 months. Results: The cross-sectional study showed that there is a significant correlation between subjects’ basic characteristics and their health care index and medical resource utilization. A significant correlation was also found between arteriosclerosis-related complications and subjects’ health care index and medical resource utilization. The follow-up study found that basic characteristics of subjects significantly affect the results of medical care, and that the more arteriosclerosis-related complications there are, the greater medical resource utilization is. Furthermore, providing different medical care to subjects did not positively influence the results of medical care. Conclusion: This study clearly indicates that medical centers are yet unable to effectively treat and control dementia, and that the more arteriosclerosis-related complications there are, the greater medical resource utilization is. We suggest that attention is paid to arteriosclerosis-related complications in dementia patients, and overall disease management is applied so as to prevent and periodically follow-up arteriosclerosis-related complications. This study also indicates that the more additional medical specialisms there are involved, the greater medical resource utilization is, while no significant treatment results are achieved. Attention should therefore be paid to the importance of family medicine, and a comprehensive referral system should be established, so as to enhance basic medical care services. In Taiwan, dementia has not yet been ranked as a disease eligible for disease management care. The results of this study may be provided to the Bureau of National Health Insurance so that they may include dementia in their disease management program for better control.
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Lei, Paul S., and 厲世偉. "The Research on Medical Devices Buying Behavior." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93270665608049047993.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
管理科學研究所
88
Over 80% of the needs of medical device were imported, and the rest of the medical device produced in Taiwan was lower technology required. This research was designed for figuring out the buying behavior of dentists and for establishing the evaluation formula of dental unit. Then, the government can use the result for forming exact industrial policy for medical device industry. Besides this, the manufacturers can also use the result in evaluating projects for they to produce, and dentists con use the formula to evaluate the dental units they are willing to buy.
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Lee, Kuo-Jung, and 李國榮. "Medical Information Protection Norm Research of Japan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43442665853613946470.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
科技法律研究所
102
Medical privacy protection is based on the provisions of "Personal Data Protection Act" to apply the law itself did not a complete norms to protect in Taiwan. However, The Department of National Health Insurance is cooperate with U.S. Japanese and other international technology giant are expected to jointly establish a "medical cloud computing system," the news after an exposure, human rights groups strongly questioned the "Medical Cloud Computing System" and The Department of National Health Insurance may leakage medical information, and believe Department of National Health Insurance suspected sell medical information . Health Insurance Department pointed out that the data of the current National Health Insurance Research collected database, in full compliance with human studies law, but human rights groups believe The Department of National Health Insurance and sell personal information used to provide process studies, did not obtain personal prior consent. Human rights groups require The Department of National Health Insurance to stop selling or authorize database. In 2011, Japan began to build a database of Country. This paper first analyzes the relevant norms of Japanese medical information protection, and further discussion "Prescription information and specific health check information guideline" contents. Finally, some of Opinions as amending the law and legislative reference.
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Lee, Chia-Ling, and 李佳鈴. "Medical Emergency Research in the United States." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73648887751752531594.
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碩士世新大學
法律學研究所(含碩專班)
101
ABSTRACT This dissertation will primarily be devoted to introducing the subject of emergency research and analyzing the current regulations in the United States. It will briefly discuss emergency treatment when it is necessary for comparison with emergency research. Chapter 2 sets out the distinction between treatment and research. Chapter 3 describes the history of informed consent for emergency research and why exceptions to ordinary consent requirements are necessary. Chapter 4 describes the existing regulations and guidelines for emergency research. Chapter 5 examines the benefits of the regulations, the criticisms that have been leveled against them, and the concerns that have been raised about them – in particular the concerns about community consultation and public disclosure. Chapter 6 presents my recommendations for addressing shortcomings in the way the regulations have so far been implemented. Chapter 7 draws the conclusion that the existing regulations and guidelines for emergency research in the United States suggest a way to balance the development of technology and the autonomy of the patient. It is urgent for the United States government to think about how to improve emergency research in the United States.
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Kuo, Huang-wei, and 郭皇位. "Research and Implementation of Intelligent Medical Box." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86400309284914206140.
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碩士義守大學
電機工程學系碩士班
97
Present medicine with put in accordance with traditional little box of type for the main fact on the market box，As to using medicine generally people are relatively suitable. But if there can be further improvement，become taken as a kind of very carry-on electronic medicine box the small traditional medicine box，Namely can let the value of the medicine box itself be improved and reached. Is it use medicine by electronic medicine box people use medicine，and a very light one obtain medicines from electronic medicine box to remind to come. People person can easy to is it take medicine on time every day to obtain as to special disease. This thesis is studied and made as the topic with the intelligent medicine box, regard above-mentioned situations as the goal in research and ideal of reaching electronic medicine box as the starting point. This text regards single chip microcomputer MCS-51 series as the key chip，Put the medicine in the medicine box in advance，Used to set up time，Urge the stepper motor to send the medicines after setting up time and getting to LED light to brief on, is it set up time medicine take out but caused and should take the medicines this time last time to prevent but situation not taken. Utilize Keil C software organize into groups after the procedure turning to SimLAB software make simulation.
47
MING, YAN-JHIH, and 顏志明. "The Research of In-flight Medical Emergency." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61718528804912032917.
Full textAbstract:
碩士開南大學
空運管理學系
96
As a booming of economy, more people travel by air, the demand for more frequencies of flights means that airliners are designed to fly longer and faster. The negative impact such as in-flight emergencies has become a more serious issue. Most major airlines are equipped with emergency medical kits, and the emergency medical training has become a common proficiency requirement for the airline crew. In many occasions when medical emergencies arise, doctors, nurses, or other medical personnel may be on board and offer their help. But still, we have more than once heard of lives lost on airplanes. In regard of the situations, the insufficient medicine or improper medical equipment are to blame for. Losses such as these can be prevented by means of enhanced airline crew training and establishment of regulations which will stipulate the proper types of medicine and equipments to be carried onboard the airplane. Furthermore, crews may use on-board satellite phone to confer with physicians or on-board scanner to send patient’s telemetric data to medical doctor on ground for diagnosis. With the help of modern technologies such as these, the crews can make the best judgments for sick passengers, and the chances of survival will be increased. Also the airline will benefit from reducing operational cost by saving unnecessary diversions. The first goal of this research is to attempt to probe into the facts of in-flight medical emergencies. By means of questionnaires and interviews with medical doctors and airline crews, we can look into the deficiencies of in-flight medical care, and provide proper analysis and solutions to what sort of medicine and equipments should be prepared on modern jet airliners. The second goal of this research is to review and analyze those earlier publications with modern ones and making in-depth studies in order to provide suggestions for future improvement by using the following resources: (1) aviation medicine and causes of in-flight illness, (2) studies of in-flight medical practices, (3) analysis of medical kits onboard modern jet airliners, and (4) aviation administration’s regulations regarding what to be equipped in airliner’s medical kits. Based on the cabin crew’s emergency medical training and the number of actual events of in-flight medical emergencies, a statistical result is created along with analysis and recommendations. The format of questionnaire, before it is finalized, went through steps of improvement as it was tested on cabin crews and various feedbacks were retrieved. Then as valid results are statistically quantified, analyzed and summarized, all categories contained in the questionnaire are computed by “Chi-Square Test” SPSS12.0 statistical software to exhibit their inter-relationship. In the mean time, medical specialists, resident doctors of Taiwan Tao-Yuan International Airport, and aviation physicians are also well consulted. The questionnaire survey and field interviews are both conducted and altogether seven copies are retrieved. When further analysis is completed, the final result, conclusions and recommendations are made. Ultimately, my research, based on the statistical result of the questionnaires completed by cabin crews and medical doctors and the research of all FAA, ICAO and Taiwan CAA regulations regarding the contents of medical kits onboard the airplanes, may achieve its goal by recommending what should be the most suitable medicine and equipments in the onboard medical kits.
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Chen, Wen-Jeoung, and 陳文炯. "Research into Medical Juridical Persons of Organization." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19753905397756225079.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立陽明大學
醫務管理研究所
95
ABSTRACT To some medical organizations, it has been more difficult than ever in their compensations from Bureau of National Health Insurance before the revision of Medical Care Act was revised. Such compensation decreases in recent years have made a great impact to most hospitals. The revision of Medical Care Act, adding a new chapter named Medical Juridical Persons to enable the current organizations to transform to Medical Juridical Persons, is promulgated on April 28,2004.Some medical organizations seem to find the solution to their main problems. Originally the private medical sectors, including clinics and hospitals were organized based on the original Medical Care Act. These private medical sectors have been haunted by some structural problems in re-organization, ownership transfer and heritage until the revision of Medical Care Act. It becomes a release to those private medical sectors that wish to re-structure their organizations and to make further commitment to patients in the community by transforming the current organization structure to Medical Juridical Persons. It is essential to study more about the revision of Medical Care Act. The medical organizations, as a result, obtain a better understanding of the revision of Medical Care Act are able to cope with their specific problems. This research is not only to introduce the new chapter of the revision of Medical Care Act but also to analyze the impact of implementation on different organizations, such as Medical Juridical Persons, Medical care corporate and Medical care corporations from different aspects. The analysis includes the rights and obligations of Board of Directors and Supervisors, the contents and differences of Article of Incorporation, Partnership and Corporation and their implications on income tax. Through this research, the conceptual framework as a new chapter of Medical Juridical Persons and the implications are explained.
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Chi, Hsin-Ho, and 紀欣和. "The Research of Medical Conference Influences Prescription." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41745698854528955515.
Full textAbstract:
碩士義守大學
管理學院碩士班
98
The medical conferences are a large expense to the annual promotion projects in the pharmaceutical corps. The medical conferences could define in two type symposiums and own-event. The symposium is held by the medical society. The own-event is held by the pharmaceutical corps which is full sponsor. The research is based on the sample size with the 116 valid questionnaires, took the level regression to prove the best way to affect the prescription behavior in these types. In result, both meeting types also could remarkable affect the prescription behavior. But in my research, there is no remarkable significant difference between the meeting types to product knowledge, brand image, and prescription behavior. The most important element of affecting prescription behavior is about product knowledge delivering well. For these, I suggest to the symposium or owe-event should be ware about the product knowledge delivering.
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NING, LI YU-CHEN, and 寧李宇珍. "The Research of Medical Clinics Facebook Management." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k6bh29.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南臺科技大學
高階主管企管碩士班
106
The medical industry in Taiwan is booming, but medical institutions are also facing severe competition. In particular, the health insurance payment system has changed, the effectiveness of business operations and customer retention of the medical clinics run by individual physicians directly affects the clinics’ profitability. However, being regulated by medical law and influenced by the conventional mode of thought, medical clinics are restricted in marketing promotions; resulting in the past that the medical industry is mostly passive and monotonous in marketing activities. In recent years, doctors in the younger generation have been affected by new media marketing and there has been an increase in new media/social media marketing practices. The main purpose of this study is to understand the fan page business model of medical clinics through content analysis methods and to serve as a reference for clinics interested in adopting similar methods. This study adopts a content analysis method. Samples are the Fabulous Clinic, the BenMo Chinese Medicine Clinic and the Dr. Hei Chao Lin’s Clinic. A total of 92 days, 254 posts are analyzed to outline fan pages of the medical clinics. The results of the study found that despite the sample clinics remain active in posting, there is still room for improvement in the art of posting. For instance, although there are a large number of self-made posts meaning the content of the post is written by oneself, rather than reposting other’s content, they don’t gain as much sharing rate as the reposted content. In addition, the content of informative posts doesn’t necessarily have more interactivity. This study suggests that medical clinics should develop a series of social media marketing plans under the curatorial concept; be more active in learning social media marketing skills and consider specially assigned person to provide quality content in order to achieve the desired social media marketing effectiveness.