Academic literature on the topic 'Medical referral Psychological aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Medical referral Psychological aspects"
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Delarue, V. V., G. V. Kondratyev, O. I. Shutova, and T. I. Guba. "ETHICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL COLLISIONS ON REFERRAL OF VIII TYPE INSTITUTIONS LEAVERS TO NURSING HOMES FOR CHRONIC MENTAL PATIENTS." Bioethics 26, no. 12 (November 2, 2020): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2070-1586-2020-2(26)-50-52.
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Former research showed that up to 20–25 % of those who leave schools of type VIII (schools for children with cognitive development disorders) are referred to nursery homes for chronic mental patients not due to medical problems but because of social ones. According to the authors’ opinion, such social practice has more positive than negative aspects. However, this issue requires extensive discussions. Organizing special post-diploma training courses of 16–24 hours on ethical-psychological aspects of referral various categories of patients (not only leavers of type VIII institutions) to nursery homes for chronic mental patients also seems to be reasonable.
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Jun, Kyung Ae, and Ki Bum Sim. "Medical Humanities Curriculum in Jeju National University School of Medicine/College of Medicine - focused on the Pateint-Doctor-Society." Journal of Medicine and Life Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 70–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22730/jmls.2010.7.1.70.
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Medical humanities is defined as the study area to deal with the fundamental value of health care and cultural aspects in the internal medical referral service and standpoint to overlook medical referral servicefrom the entire society and it is also be considered as an attempt to explain all expects related to human disease and health based on the psychological，social，and cultural aspects. Jeju National University School/College of Medicine (JMUSCM) has opened the 'Patient-Doctor-Society(PDS) course' as a medical humanities curriculum since when integrated curriculum introduced at 2005. Medical school faculty equipped with much knowledge on humanities and social science have participated in developing practical courses. Medical Humanities Curriculum have been developed to meet educational and social requirements and the conditions of JMUSCM. For the development of advanced course of medical humanities curriculum in JMUSM，not only careers counseling and leadership improvement must be included in the course. and also an concentrated training courses for communication and various teaching methods must be developed. However，Support for Medical humanities and Jeju National University School of Medicine's community interest and active participation of students would be more required above any other things in order to achieve a marked effects from development of advanced course.
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Singh, Shipra, Vishal Sawani, Mahesh Deokate, Saminder Panchal, Alka A. Subramanyam, Henal R. Shah, and Ravindra M. Kamath. "Specific learning disability: a 5 year study from India." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 3 (April 25, 2017): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20171687.
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Background: Specific learning disability (SLD) is an important cause of academic underachievement among children, which often goes unrecognized, due to lack of awareness and resources in the community. Not much identifiable data is available such children, more so in Indian context. The objectives of the study were to study the demographic profile, risk factors, co-morbidities and referral patterns in children with specific learning disability.Methods: The study has a descriptive design. Children diagnosed with SLD over a 5 years’ period were included, total being 2015. The data was collected using a semi-structured proforma, (based on the aspects covered during child’s comprehensive assessment at the time of visit), which included socio-demographic aspects, perinatal and childhood details, scholastic and referral details, and comorbid psychiatric disorders.Results: Majority of the children were from English medium schools, in 8-12 years’ age group, with a considerable delay in seeking medical help, were referred mostly by the teachers for academic issues. Most of them had all the three disabilities-dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia. 38.56% of children had ADHD. Psychological maternal stress, developmental issues and various co-morbidities were accompanying in many cases, of which speech delay and fine motor issues were more in children having comorbid ADHD.Conclusions: Awareness, early identification and referral to appropriate services is crucial to deal with the challenge of learning disability. Health professionals should look for early signs in routine visits of children and co-morbidities, particularly ADHD, should be adequately taken care of. Role of media and education system is crucial for its destigmatization in community.
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Saad, Toni C., Bruce Philip Blackshaw, and Daniel Rodger. "Hormone replacement therapy: informed consent without assessment?" Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 12 (June 22, 2019): 824–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105611.
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Florence Ashley has argued that requiring patients with gender dysphoria to undergo an assessment and referral from a mental health professional before undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is unethical and may represent an unconscious hostility towards transgender people. We respond, first, by showing that Ashley has conflated the self-reporting of symptoms with self-diagnosis, and that this is not consistent with the standard model of informed consent to medical treatment. Second, we note that the model of informed consent involved in cosmetic surgery resembles the model Ashley defends, and that psychological assessment and referral is recognised as an important aspect of such a model. Third, we suggest that the increased prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in the transgender population arguably supports the requirement of assessment and referral from a mental health professional prior to undergoing HRT.
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Pratt, Rebekah, Carina Hibberd, Isobel M. Cameron, and Margaret Maxwell. "The Patient Centered Assessment Method (PCAM): Integrating the Social Dimensions of Health into Primary Care." Journal of Comorbidity 5, no. 1 (January 2015): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15256/joc.2015.5.35.
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Background Social dimensions of health are known to contribute to what is often termed “patient complexity,” which is particularly common among patients with multimorbidity. Health-care professionals require tools to help them identify and manage these aspects of patient needs. Objectives To examine: (i) the Patient Centered Assessment Method (PCAM), a tool for assessing patient complexity in ways that are sensitive to the biopsychosocial dimensions of health, in primary care settings in Scotland; (ii) the impact of the PCAM on referral patterns and its perceived value; and (iii) the PCAM's perceived applicability for use in a complex patient population. Design Two studies are described: (i) a mixed-methods prospective cohort study of the implementation of the PCAM in primary care clinics; and (ii) a qualitative exploratory study that evaluated the value of the PCAM in a complex patient population. Results Use of the PCAM did not impact patient satisfaction or perception of practitioners’ empathy, but it did increase both the number of onward referrals per referred patient (9–12%) and the proportion of referrals to non-medical services addressing psychological, social, and lifestyle needs. Nurses valued the PCAM, particularly its ability to help them address psychological and social domains of patients’ lives, and found it to be highly relevant for use in populations with known high complexity. Conclusions The PCAM represents a feasible approach for assessing patient needs with consideration to the social dimensions of health, and allows practitioners to refer patients to a broader range of services to address patient complexity.
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Rusanova, Dina V., M. V. Kuleshova, E. V. Katamanova, N. V. Kartapoltseva, V. A. Pankov, O. L. Lakhman, P. V. Kazakova, and N. G. Kuptsova. "Vibration disease: hygienic and medical aspects." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 12 (October 28, 2019): 1180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-12-1180-1183.
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The hygienic assessment of working conditions of employees exposed to local vibration established that working conditions for employees ofvibration dangerous occupations at the aircraft plant according to the degree from a health standpoint and hazard are referred to the fourth (dangerous) class of the degree of danger that stipulates stable high levels of the morbidity rate. The leading factor is a local vibration that results in the consistently high levels of occupational morbidity rate. There was shown the efficiency of the use of the pulsed magnetic stimulation in the treatment ofpatients with vibration disease associated with the exposure to local vibration. For the evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment in patients the condition of the central nervous system was determined with the use of computer electroencephalography with the registration of visual and auditory evoked potentials and somatosensory evoked potentials; there was studied the state of the peripheral nerves in arms and legs relying upom electromyographic data; there was performed psychological study. After the performance of pulse magnetic stimulation in patients diagnosed to have the vibration diseases there were observed the improvement in the interaction of cortical-subcortical structures and associative areas of the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. After treatment there was noted the shortening of the time of the conduction of the afferent wave of the excitation at the level of the cervical spinal cord, subcortical structures and the central conduction time. There was restored previously reduced the speed of the conduction of the impulse via the distal parts of the tibial and median nerve, through the ulnar nerve in the area of the elbow joint. There was noted the rise in the average temperature on the hands; the decline of thresholds of vibration and pain sensitivity; the improvement of indices characterizing of the state of mnestic- attentional and psycho-emotional scope of activity.
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Piotti, Patrizia, Mariangela Albertini, Elisa Lavesi, Annalisa Ferri, and Federica Pirrone. "Physiotherapy Improves Dogs’ Quality of Life Measured with the Milan Pet Quality of Life Scale: Is Pain Involved?" Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 7 (July 2, 2022): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070335.
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Quality of life is defined as an individual’s satisfaction with its physical and psychological health, its physical and social environment, and its ability to interact with the environment. Understanding companion dogs’ QOL can help veterinarians and owners know when treatment options have successfully alleviated symptoms of disease in such fields as veterinary physiotherapy. For this study, 20 adult dogs were selected from patients of a physiotherapy referral center with orthopedic, neurological, and/or degenerative conditions. The severity of the medical problem was ranked, and the symptoms, the treatment plan, and demographic data were recorded at the time of the physical examination. In addition, the owner of the dog was asked to fill out a questionnaire on the quality of life of the pet (the Milan Pet Quality of Life scale) at the time of the first consultation as well as the last follow-up after the treatment. The MPQL measures four domains of QOL: physical (signs of medical conditions), psychological (emotional and behavioral well-being), social (quality and extent of social interactions), and environmental (freedom and safety in one’s environment). The results of the study indicated a significant improvement in the psychological QOL domain following physiotherapeutic treatment. The social QOL domain declined with the severity of lameness, while the physical QOL, as reported by the owner, declined with the overall criticality of the medical condition, as ranked by the physiotherapist. The results of the study support the recent evidence of a relationship between pain and canine psychological well-being and highlight the importance of investigating psychological and emotional aspects of dogs’ QOL when treating orthopedic and neurological cases with physiotherapy.
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Avramchuk, Oleksandr. "Social anxiety disorder: relevance and perspectives." Psychosomatic Medicine and General Practice 3, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): e0303103. http://dx.doi.org/10.26766/pmgp.v3i3.103.
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Background Epidemiological studies indicate that social anxiety disorder as one of the most common mental health disorders. However, many patients do not seek or receive help, despite the prevalence of social anxiety disorder, the large amount of information, the possibilities of psychotherapy and medical treatment Aim Generalization of actual knowledge and research on the aetiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of social phobias and coverage of the actual issues of low referral of people suffering from social phobia Methods For review, the following databases, such as ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, PubMed and Google Scholar, were used. The search was performed using the keywords: social anxiety disorder, sociophobia, social anxiety, cognitive-behavioral model, neurobiology, mental health Results The general information about social anxiety disorder, its prevalence and its consequences were covered. The main etiological mechanisms, modern views on the neurobiological and psychological basis of the disorder are considered. In addition, the peculiarities of the clinical picture and its influence on the social functioning of the individual, including the referral of help, were analyzed. The aspects that are useful to consider during the development of recommendations for specialists in general medical practice and centers of public mental health were suggested Conclusions A social anxiety disorder should be considered as a complex mental health disorder. Recognition of signs of social anxiety disorder in their component often leads to a false interpretation of clinical signs as manifestations of depression or other neurotic disorders among primary care professionals. Informing general practitioners and specialists of public mental health centers about the traits of the clinical picture and the social functioning of patients with this disorder can help to overcome the stigma and improve the referral of qualified assistance
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Giusti, Francesca, Federica Cioppi, Caterina Fossi, Francesca Marini, Laura Masi, Francesco Tonelli, and Maria Luisa Brandi. "Health-related quality of life (HRQoL): An update in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1." International Journal of Bone Fragility 1, no. 2 (July 20, 2021): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.57582/ijbf.210102.087.
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Purpose: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant cancer syndrome characterized by the development of multiple neuroendocrine tumors. The condition requires lifelong surveillance and multiple medical and surgical therapies throughout the patient’s life. For all these reasons, a diagnosis of MEN1 can be a psychological shock for the patient, as well as his/her relatives. Over the past two decades, clinicians have started to consider the emotional, psychological, relational and social aspects of MEN1 patients’ lives, as these may be important considerations in the clinical and therapeutic management of these patients. Methods: This paper reviews and critically analyzes perceptions of MEN1-related quality of life (QoL) in patients diagnosed with the syndrome and in relatives, highlighting the unique features of MEN1 syndrome compared with a single tumor diagnosis. Results: Interestingly, studies in MEN1 patients have shown that a relatively high percentage of them, despite having a complex multi-tumor syndrome, were moderately optimistic (50%), self-reporting a normal QoL. This positive response correlated with the fact that these patients were cared for at dedicated referral centers, where personalized care and constant follow-up provide them with reassurance that they are receiving high quality of management of their disorder. Conclusions: The possibility of having access to a clinical referral center for this complex rare disease, together with the support of a dedicated patient association, emerged as the ideal model for the management of post-diagnosis shock, and appeared to contribute to the preservation of good health-related quality of life in MEN1 patients.
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Avramchuk, Oleksandr. "Social phobia: relevance and perspectives." Psychosomatic Medicine and General Practice 4, no. 1 (April 12, 2019): e0401151. http://dx.doi.org/10.26766/pmgp.v4i1.151.
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Background Epidemiological studies indicate that social anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental health disorders. However, despite the prevalence of social anxiety disorder, a large amount of information, the possibilities of psychotherapy and medical treatment, many patients for various reasons do not receive or do not seek help. Aim Generalization of actual knowledge and research on the aetiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of social phobias and coverage of the actual issues of low referral of people suffering from social phobia Methods For review, the following databases, such as ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, PubMed and Google Scholar, were used. The search was performed using the keywords: social anxiety disorder, sociophobia, social anxiety, cognitive-behavioral model, neurobiology, mental health. Results The general information about social anxiety disorder, its prevalence and its consequences were covered. The main etiological mechanisms, modern views on the neurobiological and psychological basis of the disorder are considered. In addition, the peculiarities of the clinical picture and its influence on the social functioning of the individual, including the referral of help, were analyzed. The aspects that are useful to consider during the development of recommendations for specialists in general medical practice and centers of public mental health were suggested. Conclusion A social anxiety disorder should be considered as a complex mental health disorder. Recognition of signs of social anxiety disorder in their component often leads to a false interpretation of clinical signs as manifestations of depression or other neurotic disorders among primary care professionals. Informing general practitioners and specialists of public mental health centers about the traits of the clinical picture and the social functioning of patients with this disorder can help to overcome the stigma and improve the referral of qualified assistance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical referral Psychological aspects"
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July, Emma. "Awareness, attitudes and referral practices of health care providers to psychological services in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1166.
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The provision of psychological services is vital considering the complex nature of psychosocial issues facing people today. Nevertheless, the provision and utilization of psychological services has not been given due recognition in most African countries, including Botswana. Botswana is one of the countries faced by the challenges of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and other mental health problems, as well as poverty and unemployment. To date statistics on the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Botswana, published annually by the National AIDS Coordinating Agency (NACA) reflect an increased rate of mental illness and psychosocial problems. Considering the complex nature of issues that impact negatively on people in Botswana, there is a need for awareness and the provision of psychological services in the primary health care system. There is little research on the place of psychology and psychological services in Botswana. The availability of such information is crucial for the planning of effective community-based psychological services. The present study employed a quantitative research method to explore and describe awareness and attitudes towards psychological services and referral practices in relation to psychological problems, of health care providers in Botswana. The participants in the study were chosen, based on a non-probability, purposive sampling method. The sample consisted of ninety-six persons and constituted medical doctors, nurses, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses and clinical social workers from governmental and non-governmental institutions from Gaborone and Francistown in Botswana. Data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics in order to identify the mean, ranges and standard deviations. Frequency counts and percentages of the participants’ responses were computed. The results of the study revealed an awareness of available psychological services, positive attitudes towards psychology and psychological services and a reasonable percentage of referrals to psychological services. The results also revealed that available psychological services were limited and not easily accessible to patients. There was also an indication of a shortage of trained professionals to offer psychological services in health care centres, which resulted in psychological problems being referred to social workers.
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Robinson, Derek, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Partnerships in performance : effective referral and collaboration between hockey coaches and psychologists." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2003, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/204.
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This study investigated the Alberta Junior Hockey League (AJHL) coaches' perceptions of the existing process of referral and collaboration between themselves and psychologists, as well as ways to improve this process. Thirteen of the 15 head coaches were interviewed. The Coach Interview Questionnair provided the framework for the semi-structured interviews. Participants provided responses which included demographic information, information regarding the current referral process, their current level of collaboration, their satisfaction, attitudes and beliefs about referral and collaboration, as well as what player problems require referrals. The findings indicated that there is a substantial need for psychologists to be involved with junior "A" hockey players. A comprehensive guidance and counselling program is recommended to the AJHL in response to the expressed needs for psychological services.x, 177 leaves ; 29 cm.
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Bélanger, Eliane. "Abortion pain : psychosocial and medical predictors." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74035.
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Roberts, Craig Brendan. "The judgement of risk in traumatised and non-traumatised emergency medical service personnel." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51990.
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Thesis (MA) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Judgement of risk for negative events in certain situations was investigated in a group of emergency medical service (EMS) personnel with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; n = 27) and a group without PTSD (n = 74). Participants completed the PTSD Symptom Scale: Self-Report version (Faa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993), an EMS work experiences questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), and an event probability questionnaire designed to assess judgement of risk. Participants with PTSD overestimated amount of risk involved in comparison to participants without PTSD, thereby demonstrating a judgement bias for risk related events. The present study found that the judgement bias in PTSD participants extended to include not just external harm related events but also general negative events (without potential threatening/harmful consequences), negative social events, and negative workrelated events. Of the posttraumatic symptomatology assessed, avoidance symptomatology was found to be the best predictor of judgement bias. The results of the present study are discussed in terms of the cognitive clinical psychology theories of PTSD, which predict the manifestation of judgement bias in PTSD, and cognitive experimental psychology explanations of the effect of negative emotional states on judgement processes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oordeeloor risiko vir negatiewe gebeurtenisse in sekere situasies is ondersoek by "n groep mediese nooddienspersoneel met "n diagnose van posttraumatiese stresversteuring (PTSV; n = 27) en "n groep sonder PTSV (n = 74). Deelnemers het die PTSD Symptom Scale: Self-Report version (Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993), "n mediese nooddiens werkservaringe-vraelys, die Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979), en "n gebeurtenis-waarskynlikheidsvraelys wat opgestel is om oordeeloor risiko te meet, voltooi. Deelnemers met PTSV het die mate van risiko betrokke oorskat in vergelyking met deelnemers sonder PTSVen sodoende "n beoordelingsydigheid vir risiko-verbandhoudende situasies gedemonstreer. In die huidige studie is gevind dat beoordelingsydigheid by PTSV deelnemers nie beperk was tot eksterne skade-verbandhoudende gebeurtenisse nie, maar dat dit ook veralgemeen het na algemene negatiewe gebeurtenisse (sonder potensieel skadelike gevolge), negatiewe sosiale gebeurtenisse, en negatiewe werksverwante gebeurtenisse. Daar is gevind dat, wat PTSV-simptomatologie betref, vermyding die beste voorspeller van beoordelingsydigheid was. Die resultate van die huidige studie word bespreek in terme van kognitiewe klinies-sielkundige teorieë van PTSV, wat die aanwesigheid van beoordelingsydigheid voorspel, en kognitiewe eksperimentele-sielkunde verklarings van die effek van negatiewe emosionele toestande op beoordelingsprosesse.
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Reilly, Joanne. "Interventions for the emotional and psychological aspects of having a medical procedure." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502507.
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Recent Department of Health publications have emphasised the desire to provide a more positive experience of the NHS healthcare system, with more choice in a patient-led NHS; improving the management of psychological aspects of a patient's experience is an important aspect to achieving this goal. With these aims in mind paper 1 reviews the published literature for the study of psychological and emotional factors relating to routine elective surgery in the U.K. The effectiveness of interventions is explored. The research methods and design are critically evaluated. Clinical implicationsExisting literature suggests that giving information about a medical procedure can, in some cases, reduce the anxiety experienced. The contribution of service-users to information provision has been largely neglected. With this in mind, paper 2 investigates service-users experience of a colonoscopy to develop an information leaflet, and evaluate its effect on anxiety in patients. No significant difference between the groups in terms of anxiety scores was found. The findings are discussed in terms of current theories in information provision, limitations of the study, clinical application and suggestions for future research. and future research ideas are discussed.
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Lau, Yvonne, and n/a. "The enthusiasm for disease screening : an ethical critique with a sociological perspective." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090121.085918.
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Screening is generally considered a useful strategy in the prevention of chronic diseases. The notion is that early detection through the use of certain screening tests can facilitate effective preventive measures to be undertaken which can then lead to improved prognosis from or ultimate avoidance of serious clinical diseases. The enthusiasm for screening in the United States is high and can be seen by the size of public demand for it. Rapid technological advances and knowledge expansion in the past decade have further facilitated the introduction of new tests and screening opportunities. In the mean time, the concept of screening has undergone subtle changes. Previous emphasis on clear and demonstrable population health benefits has been slowly replaced by an emphasis on individual responsibility for the surveillance of personal health risks. Disease screening is frequently advocated as part of a health promotion programme. As a clinician who has worked in breast cancer screening and who is wary of the complexities and problems associated with disease screening, my contention is that the enthusiasm for screening may not ultimately be conducive to health and well-being.
This thesis represents an effort to understand the popularity and enthusiasm for disease screening, how it has come about and, why it may not be conducive to health and well-being. The thesis begins with a description of the phenomenon to be followed by a detailed examination of the scientific principles behind disease screening. It then moves on to discover how the phenomenon might have come about by first considering the evolution of biomedicine over the centuries and then its present endeavour in the form of surveillance medicine as well as the latter�s relationship with today�s market economy. Using relevant case studies that involve, for example, cancer and prenatal genetic screening, this thesis explores different concerns relating to health and well-being, including such topics as the creation of health roles, the reconfiguration of human values and interpersonal relationships as well as medicalisation. A final chapter offers an account of health and well-being and sums up why the enthusiasm for screening may not be conducive to health and well-being.
The enthusiasm for screening compels people to assume health as a moral virtue. Screening is turned into a ritual that people consume to attain salvation. Since diseases may lead to death, diseases must be avoided though screening. Yet health is not just about the absence of disease. Health and well-being can only be realised by the individual within the context of the individual�s life as a whole. The institution of biomedicine has undeniable responsibility to ensure that screening will not be used to the detriment of individuals� health and well-being. Without condemning disease screening as a potentially useful tool in the prevention of disease, this thesis advocates prudence in its utilisation. People must not be compelled to attend screening through programmes of promotion (commercially related or not). Rather, autonomous decisions must be facilitated as far as possible through the provision of clear, accurate and factual information.
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Au, W. M., and 區慧敏. "Childhood obesity in Hong Kong: medical and psychological sequelae." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971416.
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Palazzo, Michael. "Pilot Testing a Paperless Nursing Assessment of Medical, Psychiatric, and Addiction Treatment and Re-entry Needs Among Women at Jail Intake." Diss., University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/22062.
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This research was a pilot study at improving the medical, psychiatric and addiction care provided to women detainees at the jail. Few studies have been completed with women atjail intake, yet the population is suspected of having a multitude of medical, psychiatric and addiction in jail treatment and community reentry needs. Utilizing a descriptive, cross-sectional survey design, the following aims were completed for this pilot study: documented the creation of a nursing research infrastructure within a large jail; compared the results of the traditional 16- item paper and pencil Intake Service Center Screen with the 8-item paperless Brief Jail Mental Health Screen obtained via Audio Computer Assisted Self Interviewing (ACASI) technology; compared Addiction Severity Index scores and addiction treatment motivation and readiness scores obtained via ACASI technology with normative data; assessed the frequency of HIV risk behaviors and the medical, psychiatric and addiction treatment needs obtained via ACASI technology; while assessing the frequency and the average length of time for screening by providers at the jail via medical chart review.
The results showed that the ACASI technology proved to be more effective than paper and pencil methods. This technology not only assessed detainee treatment needs, but simultaneously created reentry/discharge plans. The study demonstrated that HIV risk behaviors and the prevalence of past suicide attempts were high among the participants. The Addiction Severity Index scores and the Circumstance Motivation and Readiness scores demonstrated that methamphetamine addiction, and mental health severity is high among this population however motivation and readiness for treatment arc low. Therefore, recommendations for the most suitable jail psychiatric Advanced Practice
Registered Nurse candidates could be given as a result of the study. This study was the first phase at improving the medical, psychiatric and addiction care provided to detainees at the jail. In future phases of this study more valid and reliable assessment tools and treatment planning aimed at reduced recidivism rates will be established. Future phases will build on the lessons learned here about working with security staff, collaborating with experienced researchers in the community, and seeking advice from the Department of Justice recognized experts.
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Maldonado, Michele L. "The Effects of Parenting Stress and Academic Self-Concept on Reading Ability in a Clinic Referral Sample." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2751/.
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This study investigated the relationships among the variables of parenting stress, academic self-concept, and reading ability. The purpose of this study was to determine whether parenting stress and academic self-concept contributed to the child's reading ability. Two hypotheses were investigated in an effort to accomplish this purpose. The subjects used in this study were forty-nine children and their primary caretakers referred to The Child and Family Resource Center, The University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, during the academic years of 1994 through 1999. Subjects ranged in age from seven to eighteen years of age. Academically, the subjects ranged from first graders through eleventh graders. All subjects lived in and attended schools in Denton County or neighboring counties. Parental employment ranged from unskilled laborers to medical doctors. The participating families included biological, step, adoptive, single, and divorced families. Abidin's Parenting Stress Index was used to measure parental stress experienced by the primary caretaker. The Intellectual and School Status cluster of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale was used to measure the child's academic self-concept and the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test-Revised provided a measure of the child's reading ability. Test scores were obtained following a review of The Child and Family Resource Center's documented files. Multiple regression statistics revealed no significant relationship between neither parenting stress and the child's reading ability nor the child's academic self-concept and reading ability. Standardized beta coefficients and bivariate correlation results indicated a relationship between academic self-concept and reading ability. Additional research is recommended for future research that encompasses a larger and more diverse sample.
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Yagi, Toyoko. "Compliance with dialysis regimens: The effects of coping and social support." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2655.
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The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of compliance behavior. Since compliance among dialysis patients increases survival rate, it is important for social workers to identify patients who are at risk of noncompliance.
Books on the topic "Medical referral Psychological aspects"
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1973-, Flynn Darren, ed. Non-medical influences upon medical decision-making and referral behavior: An annotated bibliography. Westport, Conn: Praeger Pub., 2003.
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Owens, Orv. The psychology of relationship selling: Developing repeat and referral business. Hollywood, Fla: Lifetime Books, 1996.
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I, Mostofsky David, and Zaichkowsky Leonard D. 1944-, eds. Medical and psychological aspects of sport and exercise. Morgantown, W. Va: Fitness Information Technology, 2002.
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T, Chirban John, ed. Health and faith: Medical, psychological, and religious dimensions. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1991.
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L, Culbertson Janet, Krous Henry F, and Bendell Debra, eds. Sudden infant death syndrome: Medical aspects and psychological management. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.
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Boyd, Billy Ray. Circumcision exposed: Rethinking a medical and cultural tradition. Freedom, Calif: The Crossing Press, 1998.
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Medical errors and medical narcissism. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2004.
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1929-, Kaplan Helen Singer, ed. The new injection treatment for impotence: Medical and psychological aspects. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1993.
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1922-, Virshup Bernard, ed. Surviving medical school. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publication, 1998.
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Burnard, Philip. Know yourself!: Self-awareness activities for nurses. London: Scutari, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Medical referral Psychological aspects"
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Polefrone, Joanna M., Stephen B. Manuck, Kevin T. Larkin, and M. Elizabeth Francis. "Behavioral Aspects of Arterial Hypertension and Its Treatment." In Medical Factors and Psychological Disorders, 203–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5230-3_9.
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Antonini, F. C. "Psychological Training of Disaster Workers." In Health and Medical Aspects of Disaster Preparedness, 131–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0589-7_11.
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Burg, Matthew M. "Integrating psychological and medical aspects of cardiac care." In Psychological treatment of cardiac patients., 149–55. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000070-011.
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Newman, Stanton, and Mary Fell. "Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of HIV and AIDS." In Medical Management of HIV and AIDS, 49–59. London: Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3046-8_3.
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Kassoff, Robert S. "The Psychological Effects of Medical Malpractice Litigation on the Physician." In Legal Aspects of Medicine, 325–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4534-6_35.
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Duffy, John C. "Common Psychological Themes in Societies’ Reaction to Terrorism and Disasters." In Health and Medical Aspects of Disaster Preparedness, 123–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0589-7_10.
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Genç, Ruhet. "Physical, Psychological, and Social Aspects of QOL Medical Tourism." In Handbook of Tourism and Quality-of-Life Research, 193–207. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2288-0_11.
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Palmer, Ian P. "Psychological Aspects of the Provision of Medical Humanitarian Aid." In Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine, 159–73. London: Springer London, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0215-1_12.
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Schumacher, Julie A., and Daniel C. Williams. "Etiology and sociocultural aspects of harmful substance use." In Psychological treatment of medical patients struggling with harmful substance use., 25–35. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000160-003.
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Moayed, Malihe Sadat, Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Golshan Mirmomeni, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar, Keivan Goharimoghadam, Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi, Mohsen Abbasi-Farajzadeh, et al. "Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Associated Psychological Distress Among Medical Students in Iran." In Clinical, Biological and Molecular Aspects of COVID-19, 245–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_21.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Medical referral Psychological aspects"
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Grandilevskaya, Irina, Galina Isurina, Piotr Trabczynski, and Maria Podsadnaya. "PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING MEDICAL STUDENTS USING HIGH-TECH SIMULATORS." In XVI International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1004.sudak.ns2020-16/159-161.
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BAZYLEVYCH, Andrii, and Myron OSTROVSKYI. "MEDICAL ASPECTS OF STRESS AND HAPPINESS." In Proceedings of The Third International Scientific Conference “Happiness and Contemporary Society”. SPOLOM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2022.5.
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Physiological and psychological mechanisms of stress are explicated. Stress isdescribed both as negative and positive factor of human physical and mental health. The role of stress in human experience of happiness is revealed. Key words: stress, happiness, health, adaptation, relationships
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Gavrilă-Ardelean, Liviu A. "Psychological Particular Aspects in the Child-Dentist Medical Relation in the Dental Treatment." In WLC 2016 World LUMEN Congress. Logos Universality Mentality Education. Cognitive-crcs, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.09.48.
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Voloshina, Svetlana, and Tat’yana Dubovitskaya. "Practical aspects of the safety of using quasi-scientific video blogging in education." In Safety psychology and psychological safety: problems of interaction between theorists and practitioners. «Publishing company «World of science», LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15862/53mnnpk20-19.
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The article contains data on the features of using quasi-scientific video blogging in the educational process of a medical College. The main approaches to the definition of "digital security" in the modern Internet environment within the framework of social networks and in the broader aspect of the globalization of the information space are considered. It is proposed to conceptualize social network digital security as an element of the General culture of a modern student. The introduction of interactive methods of engagement using the potential of the Internet makes it possible to update students ' skills in applying the rules of in-network security, as well as to increase the effectiveness of training. The article examines the influence of quasi-scientific video blogging as a system for preparing content, posting it in social networks, and receiving feedback from other network users on the image of students, professional self-determination, and their attitude to intra-network security.
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Luchina, V. N., and V. V. Sivukha. "SOME SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC’S IMPACT ON THE QUALITY OF PEOPLE’S LIFE." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-24-28.
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To date, there is a wide range of research in Asia, America and Europe on the “first wave” of the COVID-19 pandemic. These studies prove that the main negative factors affecting the mental and somatic health of people include measures of social distancing. In most countries of the world, in order to reduce the burden on the health system, quarantine was introduced. The decrease in social contacts of people due to forced self-isolation caused some psychological problems such as loneliness, stress, fear, apathy. Also, the issue of professional burnout among medical personnel working with COVID-infected patients in conditions of extreme stress and the threat of infection is relevant.
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Hebert, Kendra, and Lisa Best. "FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO WELL-BEING: COMPARING FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC SYMPTOM DISORDERS AND WELL-DEFINED AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact027.
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"Functional somatic symptom disorders (FSSDs) are defined by persistent and chronic bodily complaints without a pathological explanation. Mindfulness involves the focus on the present moment by noticing surroundings, thoughts, feelings, and events, being nonreactive, being non-judgemental, and self-accepting. Psychological flexibility (PF) involves a focus on the present and the prioritization of thoughts, emotions, and behaviours that align with individual values and goals (Francis et al., 2016). Although PF does not involve a mindfulness practice, the two constructs are related. Research indicates consistent reported positive associations between mindfulness, PF, psychological wellbeing, and medical symptoms. In this study, individuals with FSSDs (fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome) were compared to those with well-defined autoimmune illnesses (multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis; AD) to determine how psychosocial factors affect wellness. Participants (N = 609) were recruited from social media and online support groups and completed questionnaires to assess physical health (Chang et al., 2006), psychological wellness (Diener et al., 1985), anxiety (Spitzer et al., 2006), depression (Martin et al., 2006), psychological flexibility, (Francis et al., 2016) and mindfulness (Droutman et al., 2018]. Results indicated that having an FSSD and higher depression was associated with both lower physical and psychological wellness. Interestingly, different aspects of psychological flexibility predicted physical and psychological wellness. These results suggest that different aspects of PF are associated with better physical and psychological health. As PF is modifiable, individuals with chronic conditions could receive training that could ultimately improve their overall health."
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Yuy, N. D., N. N. Malyutina, and E. A. Leskovets. "THE MAIN ASPECTS OF THE LOCOMOTIVE WORKERS’ INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL REHABILITATION AFTER COVID-19." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-601-606.
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Annotation. This article highlights the issues of workers’ industrial medical rehabilitation, one of the leading professions of railway transport who had already had COVID 19. There is a main aspect is the data of the studies carried out for the period 2020-2021 there on the basis of the Center for Restorative Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Private Healthcare Institution KB "Russian Railways-Medicine" Yekaterinburg and the Clinical Hospital of the ChUZ of Perm together with the Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2 of Occupational Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of PSMU im. Wagner. Proceeding from the fact that the institutions of Russian Railways-Medicine are the main link in maintaining the health of the transport system of JSC Russian Railways employees. Methods: On the basis of the rehabilitation department in Yekaterinburg, express questionnaires about quality of life were developed and implemented for JSC Russian Railways employees after this disease. The questionnaires included a subjective assessment of the physiological, psychological, and emotional state of Russian Railways employees (able-bodied) who had recovered in the near future and those who had not more than six months after the illness. The total number of people who have recovered since the beginning of the pandemic is about 4,000. The questionnaires received on feedback from 761 people were processed. In the structure of the interviewed by gender: male - 47%, female - 53%, respondents who have had mild and moderate forms of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). In the research and analysis of the material obtained, the criteria for selection for rehabilitation were identified, taking into account age and gender status, as well as the need for rehabilitation measures. The obtained data were compared with the research data of the Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Occupational Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Vagner State Medical Academy, Perm. Results: The study results are used in the development of rehabilitation programs and are also aimed at reducing industrial risks and hazards arising in the railway transport when performing functions by employees of locomotive crews who returned to production activities in the early period after this infection. Since, in combination with postcovid symptoms, the influence of production factors, the “specificity of the human factor”, can lead to serious consequences, both in health and in the performance of their labor duties on the infrastructure of railway transport, which is an increased danger zone. We have found that rehabilitation measures must be carried out for all employees of Russian Railways who have been ill, regardless of gender, age and degree of lung damage. In our opinion, an important marker for the understanding of functional disorders in postcoid symptomatology is the neutropicity of the virus, its penetration and damage to the limbic system, those important departments responsible for the regulation of general changes in brain activation that affect the integrity of functioning.
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VOINEA, Carmen. "THE DISCOURSE OF COSMETIC SURGEONS AS THERAPISTS IN A PRIVATE MEDICAL MARKET: SOCIAL MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/05.07.
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Drawing on thematic content analysis, this paper explores the legitimation repertoires employed by Romanian cosmetic surgeons in their in social media (Instagram) discourse. I argue that the main themes they use derive from their legitimation as psychotherapists operating for the well-being of their patients, and from their position of private medical services providers. Firstly, as surgeons need to reconcile their medical profession with the profit motive, their social media representations consist of their being shown in the avant-garde of progress as medical, and technical innovators. Their representation as innovators is legitimated as ultimately being beneficial for the patients’ surgical transformation. Secondly, their legitimation of the surgical interventions on healthy bodies draws its foundation from the psychological domain. The cosmetic surgery interventions are presented as being performed for the psychological well-being of the patient. Another dynamic that underlies this process is the pathologization of women’s bodies, in which traditionally surgeons play an important role on account of their power derived from their scientific authority. Lastly, in the context of a neoliberal consumer society, women have become informed-patient consumers. This development informs the legitimation repertoires of surgeons who willingly share their expertise with their patients. Consequently, their social media posts consist of content in which they aim to educate their audience by sharing various medical and technical aspects.
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Rodríguez, Derly Judaissy Díaz, Jeffrey Andrés Díaz Rodríguez, Diva Constanza Gil Forero, and María Paula Pineda Díaz. "Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and other chronic neurological syndromes related to alcohol abuse: prevention in people without home." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.686.
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Introduction: The homeless population has a high prevalence of alcoholism and consumption of other drugs, which also means that they are at greater risk of developing all complications resulting from alcohol abuse. (MILER et al, 2021). The medical attention for homeless population is a device of the Unified Health System that claims social, health policies and the guarantee of fundamental rights (BRASIL, 2009). Methods: Evaluation of protocols and referral flows for the treatment of patients with ‘mental disorders and due to alcohol use’, of the medical attention for homeless population in the city of Petrópolis (Rio de Janeiro), between April / 2020 and April 2021, data from e-SUS, and literature review. Results: The city of Petrópolis (Rio de Janeiro) registered 259 people without home, 84.8% are men, all people are adults between 20-74 years old, 98% are born Brazilians, 92% reported alcohol consumption, and alcohol with other drugs 61% (cocaine, crack, marijuana, solvent, tobacco). There was 3 patients with diagnose of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: 2 men and 1 woman (aged 60-65 years) in the period from April 2020 - April 2021 (BRAZIL, 2021 The medical attention for homeless population approach to alcoholism includes the CAGE and AUDIT tests, symptomatic treatment and brief psychological interventions. aimed at weaning, and the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale Revised scale to quantify the degree of abstinence. However, the majority of users do not want total cessation, generally they choose to reduce consumption (secondary prevention), and later recovery and reintegration into society, highlighting that self-help groups and social assistance have a prominent role (tertiary prevention) (MARSCHARLL; GREGANTI, 2002; LONGO, et al., 2013). Conclusion: Despite confounding / aggravating factors such as social determinants in health, and the difficulties of the health network, the medical attention for homeless population is fundamental in the secondary and tertiary prevention of neurological diseases due to chronic alcohol consumption; complex cases require complex interventions, that is, individualization, adaptation and flexibility.
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Moreira, Isabelle Caroline Fasolo Normandia, Rie Tiba Maglioni, Renata Dal Prá Ducci, Cláudia Suemi Kamoi Kay, Otto Jesus Hernandez Fustes, Lineu César Werneck, Paulo José Lorenzoni, and Rosana Hermínia Scola. "Epidemiological profile of myasthenia gravis patients at the Neuromuscular Diseases Service of the Hospital de Clínicas of the Federal University of Paraná." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.152.
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Background: Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction. In Brazil, epidemiological data regarding MG and its clinical aspects are limited. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with MG at a referral center. Design and setting: Cross-sectional observational study performed on patients with Myasthenia Gravis age 18 years and older at Federal University of Paraná. Methods: Data were obtained through clinical evaluation and medical records. Results: The sample comprised 100 patients (67 females and 33 males). The median age at last appointment was 49.5 years (IQR 37-61). AntiAchR antibody was positive in 79 patients. Anti-MuSK antibody was positive in 6 positive patients. The Repetitive Nerve Stimulation (RNS) test presented abnormal result in 89 individuals. The main comorbidities reported were systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) (35%), mental health disorders (23%), diabetes mellitus (DM) (21%), dyslipidemia (18%), and hypothyroidism (13%). During the study period, the patients were on the following medications: pyridostigmine (88%), prednisone (42%), azathioprine (45%), cyclosporine (13%), and mycophenolate (6%). Thymectomy was performed in 30 patients, of whom 6 had a pathological diagnosis of thymoma, and five a pathological diagnosis of thymic hyperplasia. Conclusion: The patient profile as well as the prevalence of comorbidities in our MG sample were similar to previous studies. We also found that our sample presented a higher incidence of SAH, DM, mental health disorders and hypothyroidism compared with the general population.
Reports on the topic "Medical referral Psychological aspects"
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Skelly, Andrea C., Roger Chou, Joseph R. Dettori, Erika D. Brodt, Andrea Diulio-Nakamura, Kim Mauer, Rongwei Fu, et al. Integrated and Comprehensive Pain Management Programs: Effectiveness and Harms. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer251.
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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and harms of pain management programs that are based on the biopsychosocial model of care, particularly in the Medicare population. Data sources. Electronic databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, CINAHL®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) from 1989 to May 24, 2021; reference lists; and a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Given lack of consensus on terminology and program definition for pain management, we defined programs as integrated (based in and integrated with primary care) and comprehensive (referral based and separate from primary care) pain management programs (IPMPs and CPMPs). Using predefined criteria and dual review, we selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IPMPs and CPMPs with usual care or waitlist, physical activity, pharmacologic therapy, and psychological therapy in patients with complex acute/subacute pain or chronic nonactive cancer pain. Patients needed to have access to medication support/review, psychological support, and physical function support in programs. Meta-analyses were conducted to improve estimate precision. We classified the magnitude of effects as small, moderate, or large based on predefined criteria. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for the primary outcomes of pain, function, and change in opioid use. Results. We included 57 RCTs; 8 evaluated IPMPs and 49 evaluated CPMPs. Compared with usual care or waitlist, IPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain in the short and intermediate term (SOE: low) and in function in the short term (SOE: moderate), but there were no clear differences at other time points. CPMPs were associated with small improvements in pain immediately postintervention (SOE: moderate) but no differences in the short, intermediate, and long term (SOE: low); for function, improvements were moderate immediately postintervention and in the short term; there were no differences in the intermediate or long term (SOE: low at all time points). CPMPs were associated with small to moderate improvements in function and pain versus pharmacologic treatment alone at multiple time frames (SOE: moderate for function intermediate term; low for pain and function at all other times), and with small improvements in function but no improvements in pain in the short term when compared with physical activity alone (SOE: moderate). There were no differences between CPMPs and psychological therapy alone at any time (SOE: low). Serious harms were not reported, although evidence on harms was insufficient. The mean age was 57 years across IPMP RCTs and 45 years across CPMP RCTs. None of the trials specifically enrolled Medicare beneficiaries. Evidence on factors related to program structure, delivery, coordination, and components that may impact outcomes is sparse and there was substantial variability across studies on these factors. Conclusions. IPMPs and CPMPs may provide small to moderate improvements in function and small improvements in pain in patients with chronic pain compared with usual care. Formal pain management programs have not been widely implemented in the United States for general populations or the Medicare population. To the extent that programs are tailored to patients’ needs, our findings are potentially applicable to the Medicare population. Programs that address a range of biopsychosocial aspects of pain, tailor components to patient need, and coordinate care may be of particular importance in this population.
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LEONOV, T. M., V. M. BOLSHAKOVA, and P. YU NAUMOV. THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF PROVIDING MEDICAL ASSISTANCE TO EMPLOYEES OF THE MILITARY PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2576-9634-2021-5-4-12.
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The work is devoted to a comprehensive study of medical support, incl. sanatorium-resort treatment of employees of the military prosecutor’s office and members of their families (persons who are dependent on them). It is noted that health care is structurally included in services that, in addition to cash payments and benefits in kind, represent the entire social security system. The main attention in the article is focused on the analysis of the normative legal regulation of the health protection of employees of the military prosecutor’s office, as well as the provision of medical assistance to them (prophylactic medical examination, medical examination, military medical examination, medical and psychological rehabilitation, sanatorium treatment, reimbursement of expenses for drugs and treatment) of proper quality and in the required volume. The key scientific results of the study are the generalization of legal information and scientific knowledge about the procedure for providing medical assistance to employees of the military prosecutor’s office. The main scientific results of the article can be applied to organize training in the discipline «Military law and military legislation». The article will be of interest to persons conducting scientific research on the problems of social protection of servicemen and their families.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust, and Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations: Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations: An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.
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Rudd, Ian. Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Robotics to Improve Mental Health. Intellectual Archive, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2710.
Full textAbstract:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the oldest fields of computer science used in building structures that look like human beings in terms of thinking, learning, solving problems, and decision making (Jovanovic et al., 2021). AI technologies and techniques have been in application in various aspects to aid in solving problems and performing tasks more reliably, efficiently, and effectively than what would happen without their use. These technologies have also been reshaping the health sector's field, particularly digital tools and medical robotics (Dantas & Nogaroli, 2021). The new reality has been feasible since there has been exponential growth in the patient health data collected globally. The different technological approaches are revolutionizing medical sciences into dataintensive sciences (Dantas & Nogaroli, 2021). Notably, with digitizing medical records supported the increasing cloud storage, the health sector created a vast and potentially immeasurable volume of biomedical data necessary for implementing robotics and AI. Despite the notable use of AI in healthcare sectors such as dermatology and radiology, its use in psychological healthcare has neem models. Considering the increased mortality and morbidity levels among patients with psychiatric illnesses and the debilitating shortage of psychological healthcare workers, there is a vital requirement for AI and robotics to help in identifying high-risk persons and providing measures that avert and treat mental disorders (Lee et al., 2021). This discussion is focused on understanding how AI and robotics could be employed in improving mental health in the human community. The continued success of this technology in other healthcare fields demonstrates that it could also be used in redefining mental sicknesses objectively, identifying them at a prodromal phase, personalizing the treatments, and empowering patients in their care programs.