Academic literature on the topic 'Medical microbiology not elsewhere classified'
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Journal articles on the topic "Medical microbiology not elsewhere classified"
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Varsadiya, Milan, Tim Urich, Gustaf Hugelius, and Jiří Bárta. "Fungi in Permafrost-Affected Soils of the Canadian Arctic: Horizon- and Site-Specific Keystone Taxa Revealed by Co-Occurrence Network." Microorganisms 9, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 1943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091943.
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Permafrost-affected soil stores a significant amount of organic carbon. Identifying the biological constraints of soil organic matter transformation, e.g., the interaction of major soil microbial soil organic matter decomposers, is crucial for predicting carbon vulnerability in permafrost-affected soil. Fungi are important players in the decomposition of soil organic matter and often interact in various mutualistic relationships during this process. We investigated four different soil horizon types (including specific horizons of cryoturbated soil organic matter (cryoOM)) across different types of permafrost-affected soil in the Western Canadian Arctic, determined the composition of fungal communities by sequencing (Illumina MPS) the fungal internal transcribed spacer region, assigned fungal lifestyles, and by determining the co-occurrence of fungal network properties, identified the topological role of keystone fungal taxa. Compositional analysis revealed a significantly higher relative proportion of the litter saprotroph Lachnum and root-associated saprotroph Phialocephala in the topsoil and the ectomycorrhizal close-contact exploring Russula in cryoOM, whereas Sites 1 and 2 had a significantly higher mean proportion of plant pathogens and lichenized trophic modes. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed the lowest modularity and average path length, and highest clustering coefficient in cryoOM, which suggested a lower network resistance to environmental perturbation. Zi-Pi plot analysis suggested that some keystone taxa changed their role from generalist to specialist, depending on the specific horizon concerned, Cladophialophora in topsoil, saprotrophic Mortierella in cryoOM, and Penicillium in subsoil were classified as generalists for the respective horizons but specialists elsewhere. The litter saprotrophic taxon Cadophora finlandica played a role as a generalist in Site 1 and specialist in the rest of the sites. Overall, these results suggested that fungal communities within cryoOM were more susceptible to environmental change and some taxa may shift their role, which may lead to changes in carbon storage in permafrost-affected soil.
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Sunpapao, Anurag, Nakarin Suwannarach, Jaturong Kumla, Reajina Dumhai, Kanamon Riangwong, Sunisa Sanguansub, Samart Wanchana, and Siwaret Arikit. "Morphological and Molecular Identification of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Dirty Panicle Disease in Coconuts (Cocos nucifera) in Thailand." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 4 (March 23, 2022): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8040335.
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Dirty panicle disease in coconuts (Cocos nucifera) was first observed in the KU-BEDO Coconut BioBank, Nakhon Pathom province, Thailand. The occurrence of the disease covers more than 30% of the total coconut plantation area. The symptoms include small brown to dark brown spots and discoloration of male flowers. Herein, three fungal strains were isolated from infected samples. Based on the morphological characteristics the fungal isolates, they were classified into two genera, namely, Alternaria (Al01) and Fusarium (FUO01 and FUP01). DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) revealed Al01 as Alternaria burnsii, whereas DNA sequences of ITS, rpb2, and tef1-α identified FUO01 and FUP01 as Fusarium clavum and F. tricinctum, respectively. A pathogenicity test by the agar plug method demonstrated that these pathogens cause dirty panicle disease similar to that observed in natural infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the novel dirty panicle disease in coconuts in Thailand or elsewhere, demonstrating that it is associated with the plant pathogenic fungi A. burnsii, F. clavum, and F. tricinctum.
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Kumar, VA. "Article published elsewhere as abstract." Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 30, no. 2 (2012): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.96728.
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Bearman, Gonzalo, Linda Fuentes, Jaclyn Van Lieu Vorenkamp, and Lewis M. Drusin. "Vaccination Without Documentation: Influenza Immunization Among Medical Residents at a Tertiary-Care Medical Center." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 24, no. 8 (August 2003): 626–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502266.
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AbstractSixty-four percent of medical residents unimmunized by the Occupational Health Service were immunized elsewhere. Those unvaccinated lacked time to comply. An immune staff is critical to prevent transmission to high-risk patients and limit absenteeism. The hospital is implementing a program to deliver medical care to the house staff.
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Cimino, J. J. "Desiderata for Controlled Medical Vocabularies in the Twenty-First Century." Methods of Information in Medicine 37, no. 04/05 (October 1998): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634558.
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AbstractBuilders of medical informatics applications need controlled medical vocabularies to support their applications and it is to their advantage to use available standards. In order to do so, however, these standards need to address the requirements of their intended users. Overthe past decade, medical informatics researchers have begun to articulate some of these requirements. This paper brings together some of the common themes which have been described, including: vocabulary content, concept orientation, concept permanence, nonsemantic concept identifiers, polyhierarchy, formal definitions, rejection of “not elsewhere classified” terms, multiple granularities, mUltiple consistent views, context representation, graceful evolution, and recognized redundancy. Standards developers are beginning to recognize and address these desiderata and adapt their offerings to meet them.
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Santos, Norma, Rita C. C. Lima, Carlos M. Nozawa, Rosa E. Linhares, and Vera Gouvea. "Detection of Porcine Rotavirus Type G9 and of a Mixture of Types G1 and G5 Associated with Wa-Like VP4 Specificity: Evidence for Natural Human-Porcine Genetic Reassortment." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 8 (1999): 2734–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.8.2734-2736.1999.
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Rotavirus type G5 is a primarily porcine pathogen that has caused frequent and widespread diarrhea in children in Brazil and in piglets elsewhere. Initial results on the rotavirus types circulating in diarrheic piglets in Brazil disclosed a high diversity of strains with distinct G types including G1, G4, G5, and G9 and the novelty of P[8], the predominant human P specificity type. Those results add strong evidence for the emergence of new strains through natural reassortment between rotaviruses of human and porcine origins.
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Kobayashi, T., T. Osaki, and S. Oikawa. "Use of T-RFLP and seven restriction enzymes to compare the faecal microbiota of obese and lean Japanese healthy men." Beneficial Microbes 6, no. 5 (October 15, 2015): 735–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2014.0147.
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The composition of the intestinal microbiota of 92 healthy Japanese men was measured following consumption of identical meals for 3 days; terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms were then used to analyse the DNA content of their faeces. The obtained operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were further analysed using seven restriction enzymes: 516f-BslI and -HaeIII, 27f-MspI and -AluI, and 35f-HhaI, -MspI and -AluI. Subjects were classified by their body mass index (BMI) as lean (<18.5) or obese (>25.0). OTUs were then analysed using data mining software. Pearson correlation coefficients on data mining results indicated only a weak relationship between BMI and OTU diversity. Specific OTUs attributed to lean and obese subjects were further examined by data mining with six groups of enzymes and closely related accession numbers for lean and obese subjects were successfully narrowed down. 16S rRNA sequences showed Bacillus spp., Erysipelothrix spp. and Holdemania spp. to be present among 30 bacterial candidates related to the lean group. Fifteen candidates were classified Firmicutes, one was classified as Chloroflexi, and the others were not classified. 45 Microbacteriaceae, 11 uncultured Actinobacterium, and 3 other families were present among the 119 candidate OTUs related to obesity. We conclude that the presence of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria may be related to the BMI of the subject.
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Naito, Hideo, Khin Maung Win, and Kenji Abe. "Identification of a Novel Genotype of Hepatitis G Virus in Southeast Asia." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 4 (1999): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.4.1217-1220.1999.
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Hepatitis G virus (HGV) isolates obtained from 20 Myanmarese and 10 Vietnamese subjects were analyzed. A cluster of isolates not belonging to any known genotype of HGV was found in five Myanmarese subjects and three Vietnamese subjects by phylogenetic analysis, and we classified this new genotype as type 4. These results revealed that the HGV genome can be classified into at least four major genotypes.
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Libby, Tanya E., Megan C. Lindley, Suchita A. Lorick, Taranisia MacCannell, Soo-Jeong Lee, Carmela Smith, Anita Geevarughese, Monear Makvandi, David A. Nace, and Faruque Ahmed. "Reliability and Validity of a Standardized Measure of Influenza Vaccination Coverage among Healthcare Personnel." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 34, no. 4 (April 2013): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669859.
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Objective.To evaluate the reliability and validity of a standardized measure of healthcare personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination.Setting.Acute care hospitals, long-term care facilities, ambulatory surgery centers, physician practices, and dialysis centers from 3 US jurisdictions.Participants.Staff from 96 healthcare facilities randomly sampled from 234 facilities that completed pilot testing to assess the feasibility of the measure.Methods.Reliability was assessed by comparing agreement between facility staff and project staff on the classification of HCP numerator (vaccinated at facility, vaccinated elsewhere, contraindicated, declined) and denominator (employees, credentialed nonemployees, other nonemployees) categories. To assess validity, facility staff completed a series of case studies to evaluate how closely classification of HCP groups aligned with the measure's specifications. In a modified Delphi process, experts rated face validity of the proposed measure elements on a Likert-type scale.Results.Percent agreement was high for HCP vaccinated at the facility (99%) and elsewhere (95%) and was lower for HCP who declined vaccination (64%) or were medically contraindicated (64%). While agreement was high (more than 90%) for all denominator categories, many facilities' staff excluded nonemployees for whom numerator and denominator status was difficult to determine. Validity was lowest for credentialed and other nonemployees.Conclusions.The standardized measure of HCP influenza vaccination yields reproducible results for employees vaccinated at the facility and elsewhere. Adhering to true medical contraindications and tracking decimations should improve reliability. Difficulties in establishing denominators and determining vaccination status for credentialed and other nonemployees challenged the measure's validity and prompted revision to include a more limited group of nonemployees.
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Müller-Doblies, U. U., H. Li, B. Hauser, H. Adler, and M. Ackermann. "Field Validation of Laboratory Tests for Clinical Diagnosis of Sheep-Associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 10 (1998): 2970–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.10.2970-2972.1998.
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Until recently, sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) was diagnosed mainly on the basis of clinical presentation and histopathological changes. Using clinically diagnosed field cases, we have evaluated a seminested PCR and a competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CI-ELISA) and compared these assays in the diagnosis of SA-MCF in cattle with histopathology as a provisional “gold standard.” Samples from 44 cattle with clinical signs suggestive of SA-MCF were examined by histopathology, PCR, and CI-ELISA. In addition, samples from healthy cattle were evaluated by PCR (n = 96) and CI-ELISA (n = 75). Based on histopathology, 38 of the 44 clinical cases were classified as SA-MCF positive, 3 were classified as inconclusive, and 3 were classified as SA-MCF negative. The sensitivity of PCR was 95 to 97%, whereas the specificity ranged between 94 and 100%. The CI-ELISA showed a sensitivity of 56 to 87% and a specificity between 91 and 100%. In the field, there is good correlation between the diagnoses of SA-MCF by histopathology, PCR, and CI-ELISA. These data also confirm the close association of ovine herpesvirus 2 with SA-MCF in Switzerland.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical microbiology not elsewhere classified"
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Petra, Mohamad Iskandar. "Novel hardwired distributive tactile sensing system for medical applications." Thesis, Aston University, 2007. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12240/.
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This thesis described the research carried out on the development of a novel hardwired tactile sensing system tailored for the application of a next generation of surgical robotic and clinical devices, namely a steerable endoscope with tactile feedback, and a surface plate for patient posture and balance. Two case studies are examined. The first is a one-dimensional sensor for the steerable endoscope retrieving shape and 'touch' information. The second is a two-dimensional surface which interprets the three-dimensional motion of a contacting moving load. This research can be used to retrieve information from a distributive tactile sensing surface of a different configuration, and can interpret dynamic and static disturbances. This novel approach to sensing has the potential to discriminate contact and palpation in minimal invasive surgery (MIS) tools, and posture and balance in patients. The hardwired technology uses an embedded system based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) as the platform to perform the sensory signal processing part in real time. High speed robust operation is an advantage from this system leading to versatile application involving dynamic real time interpretation as described in this research. In this research the sensory signal processing uses neural networks to derive information from input pattern from the contacting surface. Three neural network architectures namely single, multiple and cascaded were introduced in an attempt to find the optimum solution for discrimination of the contacting outputs. These architectures were modelled and implemented into the FPGA. With the recent introduction of modern digital design flows and synthesis tools that essentially take a high-level sensory processing behaviour specification for a design, fast prototyping of the neural network function can be achieved easily. This thesis outlines the challenge of the implementations and verifications of the performances.
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Sullivan, Jane Elizabeth. "The use of animals for medical experimentation : an analysis of young people's perceptions in Britain." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2006. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20128/.
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Understanding public attitudes towards using animals for medical experimentation and the issues that cause public concern is of importance scientifically, economically and ethically. Although national opinion poll data appear to provide enough evidence to propose the hypothesis that 'the majority of people in Britain support animal research' it is clear from reviewing the literature that the attitudes of young people have not been adequately explored. Furthermore, the ethical considerations and scientific understanding underpinning such attitudes are also poorly understood. It is also clear that we have little comprehension of how ethnic minority groups in our society view animal experimentation (AE). The aim of this study is therefore to acquire a contemporary, comprehensive understanding of young people's perceptions of AL This is pursued by means of a custom made questionnaire that also seeks to explore knowledge/understanding and values/belief systems within a cross-cultural context. Qualitative aspects of the study, both verbal and pictorial, enrich the quantitative data generated, allowing a unique insight into how young people articulate their attitudes towards AE. The findings from this study reveal that young people hold a diverse array of attitudes towards AE. Their support is dependent on animal species, which for non-Islamic respondents appears to be based on traditional Western considerations of phylogenic hierarchy. For Islamic respondents, however, attitudes towards certain animals diverge from this phylogenic classification, being driven instead perhaps by traditional cultural relationships with animals. Cross-cultural differences of how animals are viewed were also apparent when value typologies were measured. Scales to assess the human-animal bond and instrumental attitudes towards animals demonstrate that Islamic respondents have a less emotional attachment to animals, viewing them more instrumentally. The human-animal relationship scales reveal no such differences. Young people appear to have a poor knowledge base regarding issues surrounding AE and have a negative image of animal welfare within research facilities. These perceptions correlate with attitudes towards AE and hence suggest that there is a need for greater communication between scientists and lay people regarding this issue. When compared with other scales measuring instrumental uses of animals, Islamic respondents supported AE to a lesser extent than might have been expected, which may reflect a lower level of general medical understanding. Gaining a greater understanding of young people's perceptions of AE is not only important in its own right but may also be of general benefit in the arena of public understanding of science. The recommendations from this study therefore suggest routes to strengthen scientific communication in regard to the issue of AB that might also be applicable to more general areas of science.
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(9776345), Saber Ahmed. "Development of heterogeneous photocatalytic water purification technology for storm and wastewater reuse." Thesis, 2011. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Development_of_heterogeneous_photocatalytic_water_purification_technology_for_storm_and_wastewater_reuse/13464812.
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"In this study, the performance of a flat plate photocatalytic reactor for degrading and mineralising storm and wastewater pollutants is investigated. This research aims to lay the groundwork for the performance of the flat plate photocatalytic reactor using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation as a first step. Then an extensive study is performed to evaluate the role of mixing and turbulence promoters in the photocatalytic reactor to improve its design to meet the needs of a prototype photocatalytic reactor. The CFD simulation results are validated with experimentally measured data under various flow conditions. The experimentally measured velocity and benzoic acid concentration was found to be in good agreement with the results of the simulation. The results showed that the model can accurately predict the velocity and the outlet concentration of benzoic acid for various hydrodynamic conditions. Using various turbulence sub-models, the flow profile in the flat plate reactor was simulated for various flow conditions. No discernible variation on the flow profiles was observed regardless of the turbulence models tested. Furthermore, the performance of the reactor for the degradation of phenol as a model pollutant was predicted which was observed to decrease with increased flow rates"--Abstract.
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(9810227), Sadia Khan. "Development and evaluation of a thin-film fixed-bed reactor (TFFBR) for solar photocatalytic disinfection of aquaculture systems." Thesis, 2013. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Development_and_evaluation_of_a_thin-film_fixed-bed_reactor_TFFBR_for_solar_photocatalytic_disinfection_of_aquaculture_systems/13461230.
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"The main aim of this project was to develop and optimise a thin-film fixed-bed reactor (TFFBR) in a pilot-scale system of solar energy to inactivate aquaculture pathogens and other microbes present in water."--Abstract.
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(9797765), Sheeana Gangadoo. "Exploring the potential to improve the gut microbiome of broiler chickens using selenium nanoparticle supplements." Thesis, 2020. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Exploring_the_potential_to_improve_the_gut_microbiome_of_broiler_chickens_using_selenium_nanoparticle_supplements/13410473.
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The poultry industry has rapidly grown in the last few years with a focus in improving growth and productivity of broiler chickens, with performance assessed on measures such as feed conversion ratio, body weight gain and good immunity. The incorporation of antibiotics and feed additives in poultry diets, have been implemented for years to ensure the maintenance of poultry health with a focus on the control and reduction of zoonotic pathogens. In the last few years, however, key issues surrounding the antimicrobial resistance of antibiotics have urged for alternative supplementations. Nanoparticles (NPs) of silver and other metals have been heavily used in the poultry industry to improve the growth and performance of birds. Whilst successful, metal NPs exhibited higher toxicity at the higher surface to volume ratio, especially with the use of silver. This study proposes the use of NPs of essential metals and natural compounds to safely deliver nutrients, resulting in positive impacts on health and productivity with little to no toxic effects. Selenium is an essential mineral, required for the proper functioning of the immunity and is an important element in the first cell line of defence in the body. The work described in this thesis explores the ability of selenium NPs to improve the health and growth of broiler chickens by modulating their gut microbiome and metabolome, without the toxic effects observed with silver. Selenium NPs were synthesised using a simple chemical reduction method and a full characterisation was performed, assessing the physicochemical properties of the NP. Selenium NPs were then compared in an animal trial against two commonly used selenium additives in the poultry industry, sodium selenite (inorganic selenium) and selenomethionine (organic selenium). The performance of the birds was assessed based on body weight gain, the gut microbial composition and metabolite production. The toxicity of NPs was further investigated by quantifying selenium concentration in various tissues, along with a detailed histopathological assessment. Results show selenium NPs completely altered the gut microbial ecology at high concentration, with a strong correlation observed between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance and increasing concentration of selenium NPs. Selenium NPs additionally increased villus height/crypt ratio associated with enhanced absorption in the small intestine and an overall increase of healthy colonic metabolites. Finally, an in vitro study demonstrated the ability of selenium NPs to reduce emerging pathogenic Enterococcus cecorum species. This thesis demonstrates the prospective ability of selenium NPs as alternatives to antibiotics and bulk supplementation, resulting in an improvement of health and performance of broiler chickens in the poultry industry.
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(11866098), Patrick J. Applegarth. "Studies on freshwater thermophilic amoebae in natural and man-made water bodies in the Rockhampton area." Thesis, 2002. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Studies_on_freshwater_thermophilic_amoebae_in_natural_and_man-made_water_bodies_in_the_Rockhampton_area/13422641.
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Free-living amoebae (FLA) are an assemblage of heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms, which survive in a range of specialised and extreme environments worldwide. A few, namely Naegleria fowleri, pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris may occasionally become parasites of humans and produce life and sight-threatening diseases that are difficult to treat effectively. This thesis presents the findings of a 12-month survey of 3 natural and 3 man-made water-bodies in the Rockhampton area. It was undertaken to determine if these thermophilic FLA were present in readily recoverable quantities using the samplevolumes detailed in this study thereby reflecting high population densities which could pose a potential health hazard to humans using these water bodies recreationally." -- abstract. Free-living amoebae (FLA) are an assemblage of heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms, which survive in a range of specialised and extreme environments worldwide. A few, namely Naegleriafowleri, pathogenic Acanthamoeba spp. and Balamuthia mandrillaris may occasionally become parasites of humans and produce life and sight-threatening diseases that are difficult to treat effectively.This thesis presents the findings of a 12-month survey of 3 natural and 3 manmade water-bodies in the Rockhampton area. It was undertaken to determine if these thermophilic FLA were present in readily recoverable quantities using the sample volumes detailed in this study thereby reflecting high population densities which could pose a potential health hazard to humans using these water bodies recreationally. Thennophilic FLA were recovered from all sites with the majority being isolated in the warmer months of spring and summer. In addition, culture dynamics and desiccation experiments were conducted to study the response of FLA to laboratory manipulation of parameters that included food supply and the effects of prolonged desiccation with the objective being to predict survivability of FLA populations in response to changing environmental conditions. Food supply experiments showed that N. fowleri would survive as dormant cysts after consuming a finite food supply. Desiccation experiments conducted at 22°C showed that all of the five species of thermophilic FLA would survive to 14 weeks. This thesis demonstrated that thermophilic FLA are a common component of the microbiota of freshwater bodies in Rockhampton's tropical environment.
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(9850352), E. Grigg. "A critical discourse analysis of literature pertaining to the historical "management" of the sexual and/or intimacy needs of people labelled as having a learning disability in Australia and the United Kingdom." Thesis, 2014. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/A_critical_discourse_analysis_of_literature_pertaining_to_the_historical_management_of_the_sexual_and_or_intimacy_needs_of_people_labelled_as_having_a_learning_disability_in_Australia_and_the_United_Kingdom/13387214.
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The research presented here analyses and compares textual narratives generated within
policy, scholarly and popular media to discern how the sexuality or intimacy needs of
people categorised as ‘learning disabled’ have been historically and more recently
managed in Australia and the United Kingdom. The research uses a modified critical
discourse analytical approach which, in order to clarify the distinct role of power in the
construction of discourses of sexuality, is mediated by the more recent ideas of
progressive phronesis offered by Flyvbjerg (1998a; 2001).
The analysis identifies three broad stages in the historical development of the
discourses about the sexuality of learning disabled people. The first phase was prior to
the 1800s, when these people were labelled non-derogatorily as ‘idiots’, and perceived
as childlike, innocent and asexual. The second stage was in the 1800s when, with the
emergence of scientific rationality and medicalisation, so-called idiots became
medicalised and categorised as ‘feeble-minded’ or ‘moral imbeciles’. This thesis
demonstrates that, during this period, an emphasis on sexual self-denial, anxieties about
venereal disease and non-procreative erotic pleasure helped to inform discourses of
eugenics and learning disabled people became perceived as a sexual threat to the
society. This underpinned policies of sexual control through institutionalisation, gender
segregation and sterilisation. The third period in the development of discourses relating
to the sexuality of learning disabled people paralleled the ‘sexual revolution’ of the late-
1900s and the move towards deinstitutionalisation and human rights. This analysis
shows that, although the principle of ‘sexual freedom’ was ostensibly incorporated in
modern policy discourse, the sexuality of learning disabled people continues to be
influenced by significant barriers of sexual intolerance, demonstrated by continuing
practices of sexual segregation, sterilisation, criminal labelling and imprisonment.
The analysis indicates that a discourse of sexuality, which has legitimised the
control and management of learning disabled people in varying forms since the
Enlightenment, continues to be encountered in policy and popular narratives. Robust
sexuality awareness and education programs for carers of these people, and society in
general, are necessary so that intimacy and/or sexual desires are accepted as a normal
need for all human beings.
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(9833654), Tammy Seckold. "Comparisons of silicone and polyurethane Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter post insertion complications." Thesis, 2019. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Comparisons_of_silicone_and_polyurethane_Peripherally_Inserted_Central_Catheter_post_insertion_complications/13453295.
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Background; Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) are increasing in popularity in healthcare systems around the world. Positive patient satisfaction and clear fiscal savings combined with perceived low insertion and post insertion complication rates when compared to other options have secured the popularity of PICC in health care systems around the world. However little quality evidence is available to PICC inserters with regards to the safest catheter choice in order to produce the lowest levels of post insertion complications both in general adult populations as well as specific patient groups.
Research question; Is the make of the PICC catheter (silicone or polyurethane) selected by nurse inserters a primary influence in patients experiencing post insertion complications?
Data Analysis- Descriptive statistics were used to present demographic findings in both phases of the study. Phase One results were graphically portrayed, while Phase Two data was entered into the computer program SPSS (version 24). For Phase Two comparisons of post insertion complication rates and varying factors of both PICC type were analysed with Pearson chi test, categorical regression, two sample independent t-test, nonparametric binomial test and ANOVA.
Methods; To address this research question a two phase study guided by the Gearing framework was undertaken in a Medical Imaging department of a large public hospital in Far North Queensland, Australia. The Gearing framework is a retrospective chart audit research design that comprises nine steps including: conception of the research, literature review, proposal development, data abstraction, development of protocols for data abstraction, chart audit tool, sample, ethical considerations and pilot. Phase One of the study comprised steps 1 and 2 in the Gearing framework. Consistent with the Gearing framework the literature review is presented as systematic review, and forms part of the data collection process. Phase Two encompassed steps 3 to 9 of the Gearing framework and the chart audit process. Using the tool developed in steps 1 to 9 a total of 379 charts were accessed and data recorded on 295 of these on a secure electronic device. Data collected included; demographic data, patient status, reason for insertion and reason for removal of PICC.
Results; Phase One, the systematic literature review, found a large variance in reported post insertion complications from 8 to 50% of all PICC inserted. Both silicone and polyurethane PICC showed similar overall rates of post insertion complication however with closer examination strengths and weaknesses in each PICC type were noted. These finding were used to inform Phase Two of the study. Of the 295 PICC insertions included in Phase Two, 141 were silicone PICC and 154 polyurethane PICC. Various patient groups were contained within the sample including: inpatient (142), outpatient (80) and transitional (73). Reason for requiring a PICC identified 102 oncology patients, 164 requiring intravenous antibiotics and 29 requiring other types medications. Reasons for removal of catheter varied from no complication/ completion of therapy (67.8%), infection (11.2%), migration (5.8%), deceased (4.7%), occlusion (3.7%), thrombus (2.7%), breakage (2.7%), phlebitis (0.3%) and upgrade to triple lumen catheter (0.3%). Overall the number of lumens the PICC contained (p=.001) was shown to be a predictor of removal due to post insertion complications. Categorical regression showed that oncology, not the catheter type, (Beta 0.253, p=.083), to be the strongest predictor of complications.
Conclusions; PICC remain a safe and reliable form of medium to long-term intravenous access across PICC types, patient groups and for all patient types. The greatest predictors of post insertion complications were number of lumens and oncology patient groups. The emerging trend of health facilities to transition inpatients to outpatients in the community with PICC insitu was shown to be a safe practice with similar post insertion complication levels to inpatients.
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(8071232), Patrick Raymond Glass. "THE EFFECTS OF COMPUTER SIMULATION ON REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF MEDICAL ERRORS ASSOCIATED WITH MASS DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS AS A RESULT OF A BIOTERRORISM EVENT." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
The objective of research is to develop a computer simulation modeltoprovide a means to effectively and efficiently reduce medication errors associated with points of distribution sitesby identifying and manipulating screeners with a high probability of generating errors.Points of distribution sites are used to rapidly distribute chemoprophylaxis to a large population in response to a pandemic event or a bioterrorism attack. Because of the nature of therapid response, points of distribution sites require the use of peer-trained helpers who volunteer their services.The implications are that peer-trained helperscould have a variety of experience or education levels. Thesefactors increase the risk of medical errors. Reducing medical errors is accomplished through changing the means in which healthcare providers are trained and focusing on a team approach to healthcare delivery. Computer simulations have been used in the past to identify sources of inefficiency and potential of error. Data for the model werecollected over the course of two semesters. Of the 349 data points collected from the first semester, only 137 data points were usable for the purposes of modelbuilding. When the experiment was conducted again for the second semester, similar results werefound. The control simulation was run 20 times with each screener generating errors with a probability of 0.101 following a Bernoulli distribution. The variable simulation was run 30 times with each screener generating the same probability of errors; however, the researcher identified the screeners generating the errors and immediately stopped them from processing additional agents once they reached five errors. An ANOVA was conducted on the percent errors generated from each simulation run. The results of the ANOVA showedsignificant difference between individuals within the groups. A simulation model wasbuilttoreflect the differences in medical error rates between screeners. By comparing the results of the simulation as the screeners are manipulated in the system, the model can be used to show how medical errors can be reduced in points of distribution sites
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(9850247), C. Coyle. "Relationships between subjective and objective measures after total knee arthroplasty." Thesis, 2012. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Relationships_between_subjective_and_objective_measures_after_total_knee_arthroplasty/13387073.
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Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has proven successful in treating symptomatic
arthritis of the knee. Since its development, many and varied outcome measures
have been developed to assess outcome. None have been accepted as the universal
standard, although some are widely used. Many measures have no data regarding
validity, reliability or responsiveness. There is little guidance or consensus in the
literature as to which should be used in clinical practice, research or audit. In
addition, there is limited research assessing the relationship between subjective
clinical outcome scores, patient perceived reports and objective measures such as
the timed up and go test (TUG), knee laxity and muscle strength. Establishing
relationships between self report and objective measures may aid clinicians in
developing more appropriate interventions.
Twenty four patients underwent unilateral TKA and were assessed a mean of 27.5
(SD 11.7) months after surgery. Assessment included four patient reported scores
(Knee Outcomes and Osteoarthritis Score, Oxford Knee Score, American Knee
Society Score and Short Form 12) and three objective outcome scores (knee laxity,
quadriceps muscle strength and timed up and go test (TUG). Significant (<0.05)
correlations were demonstrated between the four patient reported scores (r=0.410-
0.786) except the MCS portion of the SF12 (r=0.286-0.483).
The TUG was the only objective outcome measure to demonstrate a statistically
significant (p=0.0001-0.005) correlation with subjective knee outcome scores (OKS,
KOOS and 4 items of the KOOS) (r=--0.557 to -0.770). A patient's ability to walk at
a certain pace is correlated with patient satisfaction after TKA. There were no
4
observed correlations between knee laxity or quadriceps muscle strength with the
four subjective knee scores. Therefore for a comprehensive assessment of outcome
after TKA, use of a combination of objective and subjective outcome measures is
recommended, as they measure different aspects of outcome.
Book chapters on the topic "Medical microbiology not elsewhere classified"
1
Sen, Urmimala, and Subhra Kanti Mukhopadhyay. "Applications of Extremophiles." In Extremophiles: Diversity, Adaptation and Applications, 395–417. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815080353122010018.
Full textAbstract:
Extremophiles are organisms that can survive in harsh environmental conditions such as varying ranges of temperature, pH, high levels of salinity, extreme pressure and high doses of radiation. They are distributed throughout the Earth’s surface and water bodies. They are classified on the basis of their habitats and extreme conditions they inhabit, like oligotrophs, thermophiles, psychrophiles, halophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, piezophiles and radiophiles. Extremophiles have a huge impact on human life. Enzymes obtained from them are nowadays used in industrial microbiology, agriculture, pharmaceuticals and medical diagnostics, bioremediation, and in many more fields. With enormous commercial benefits and advanced scientific techniques, researchers are investigating extremophiles for a better understanding of their metabolism, and survival strategies for newer applications. This chapter focuses on applications of different types of extremophiles in industry, scientific research, medical science, and other fields.