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1
Leroy, Gondy, and Hsinchun Chen. "Meeting Medical Terminology Needs - the ontology-enhanced medical concept mapper." IEEE, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105242.
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Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, University of ArizonaThis paper describes the development and testing of the Medical Concept Mapper, a tool designed to facilitate access to online medical information sources by providing users with appropriate medical search terms for their personal queries. Our system is valuable for patients whose knowledge of medical vocabularies is inadequate to find the desired information, and for medical experts who search for information outside their field of expertise. The Medical Concept Mapper maps synonyms and semantically related concepts to a user's query. The system is unique because it integrates our natural language processing tool, i.e., the Arizona (AZ) Noun Phraser, with human-created ontologies, the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and WordNet, and our computer generated Concept Space, into one system. Our unique contribution results from combining the UMLS Semantic Net with Concept Space in our deep semantic parsing (DSP) algorithm. This algorithm establishes a medical query context based on the UMLS Semantic Net, which allows Concept Space terms to be filtered so as to isolate related terms relevant to the query. We performed two user studies in which Medical Concept Mapper terms were compared against human experts' terms. We conclude that the AZ Noun Phraser is well suited to extract medical phrases from user queries, that WordNet is not well suited to provide strictly medical synonyms, that the UMLS Metathesaurus is well suited to provide medical synonyms, and that Concept Space is well suited to provide related medical terms, especially when these terms are limited by our DSP algorithm.
2
Eldredge, Jonathan D., Joanne Gard Marshall, Alison Brettle, Heather Holmes, Lotta Haglund, and Rick Wallace. "Health Libraries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8688.
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Book Summary The book takes an open and encompassing approach to exploring evidence based library and information practice (EBLIP) and the ways it can improve the practice of librarianship. Bringing together recent theory, research, and case studies, it provides librarians with a new reference point for how they can use and create evidence within their practice, in order to better meet the needs of their communities.
Being Evidence Based in Library and Information Practice is divided into two parts; in the first part the editors explore the background to EBLIP and put forward a new model for its application in the workplace which encompasses five elements: Articulate, Assemble, Assess, Agree, Adapt. In the second part, contributors from academic, public, health, school, and special libraries from around the world provide an overview of EBLIP developments and offer examples of successful implementation.
Essential reading for library and information professionals from all types of institutions who want to make more informed decisions and better meet the needs of their users, this book will also be of interest to students of library and information studies and researchers.
3
Tolle, Kristin M., and Hsinchun Chen. "Comparing noun phrasing techniques for use with medical digital library tools." EBSCO, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105749.
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Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, Univeristy of ArizonaIn an effort to assist medical researchers and professionals in accessing information necessary for their work, the A1 Lab at the University of Arizona is investigating the use of a natural language processing (NLP) technique called noun phrasing. The goal of this research is to determine whether noun phrasing could be a viable technique to include in medical information retrieval applications. Four noun phrase generation tools were evaluated as to their ability to isolate noun phrases from medical journal abstracts. Tests were conducted using the National Cancer Institute's CANCERLIT database. The NLP tools evaluated were Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT's) Chopper, The University of Arizona's Automatic Indexer, Lingsoft's NPtool, and The University of Arizona's AZ Noun Phraser. In addition, the National Library of Medicine's SPECIALIST Lexicon was incorporated into two versions of the AZ Noun Phraser to be evaluated against the other tools as well as a nonaugmented version of the AZ Noun Phraser. Using the metrics relative subject recall and precision, our results show that, with the exception of Chopper, the phrasing tools were fairly comparable in recall and precision. It was also shown that augmenting the AZ Noun Phraser by including the SPECIALIST Lexicon from the National Library of Medicine resulted in improved recall and precision.
4
Houston, Andrea L., Hsinchun Chen, Bruce R. Schatz, Susan M. Hubbard, Robin R. Sewell, and Tobun Dorbin Ng. "Exploring the use of concept spaces to improve medical information retrieval." Elsevier, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106253.
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Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, University of ArizonaThis research investigated the application of techniques successfully used in previous information retrieval research, to the more challenging area of medical informatics. It was performed on a biomedical document collection testbed, CANCERLIT, provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) , which contains information on all types of cancer therapy. The quality or usefulness of terms suggested by three different thesauri, one based on MeSH terms, one based solely on terms from the document collection, and one based on the Unified Medical Language System UMLS Metathesaurus, was explored with the ultimate goal of improving CANCERLIT information search and retrieval. Researchers affiliated with the University of Arizona Cancer Center evaluated lists of related terms suggested by different thesauri for 12 different directed searches in the CANCERLIT testbed. The preliminary results indicated that among the thesauri, there were no statistically significant differences in either term recall or precision. Surprisingly, there was almost no overlap of relevant terms suggested by the different thesauri for a given search. This suggests that recall could be significantly improved by using a combined thesaurus approach.
5
Balasubramanian, Sidharth. "Low-voltage and low-power libraries for Medical SoCs." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259776639.
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Rathinasabapathy, G. "Web Portal for Resource Sharing Among Medical Libraries in India." Medical Library Association of India & University of Madras, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105738.
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Human health care is heavily depending on the timely access to medical informtion. Since the serials/journals cover research and development news in the form of scientific articles, news items, new result of research, etc., meant for scientific community, the are proven prestigous communication vehicle amongst the scientists in the world. But, a number of surveys revealed that most relevant and frequently required medical journals are not available in most of the medical libraries in India. At present, there is no any union catalogue of medical periodicals available in India. Under the circumstances, this paper provides a conceptual plan of designing a web portal for sharing periodical holding details among medical libraries in India.
7
Morrison, Heather, and Andrew Waller. "Open access for the medical librarian." Canadian Health Libraries Association, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/952.
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In this article open access is defined, and the resources and issues of greatest relevance to the medical librarian are discussed. The economics of open access publishing is examined from the point of view of the university library. Open access resources, both journals and articles in repositories, are already significant and growing rapidly. There are close to 2300 fully open-access peer review journals listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) (320 health sciences titles are included). DOAJ is adding titles at a rate of 1.5 per day. An OAIster search of resources in repositories includes more than 7.6 million items (a rough estimate of the number of articles in repositories, although not all items are full text), and this number will exceed one billion items before the end of 2007. Medical research funders, including the US National Institutes of Health, the Wellcome Trust, the UK Medical Research Council, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, either have implemented or are considering open access policies. This will drive greater growth in open access resources, particularly in the area of medicine. There are implications and leadership opportunities for librarians in the open access environment.
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Wallace, Rick L., and Nakia J. Woodward. "Linking Libraries: An Analysis of a Consumer Health Partnership between Academic and Public Libraries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8726.
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Odhiambo, Francis O. "The information behaviour of Kenyan medical scientists." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7274.
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The subjects of this research are Kenyan medical scientists. The study aims to investigate the Kenyan medical scientists' information behaviour in the context of their research information acquisition. It also aims to show how research can function in conditions of relative information deprivation. The theoretical framework of the study has been designed to include both quantitative and qualitative methods. Wilson's model of information behaviour is used to develop the conceptual framework of this study. Triangulation is used in data collection and is achieved by the use of interviews, documentary analysis and observation. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques have been used for the analysis of data It is found that the medical scientists work under conditions of relative information deprivation. Libraries are inadequate and have deteriorating collections, while informal personal contacts are difficult to establish and maintain. Personal collections are thin and disparate while travel to conferences is also severely constrained. In spite of this, excellent research is continuing using the limited resources available. An attempt is made to show how research functions.
10
Ingraham, Leonoor Swets. "Impact of the Medical Library Assistance Act of 1965 on Health Sciences Libraries in the Pacific Northwest: an Interorganizational Approach." PDXScholar, 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=x9LgAAAAMAAJ.
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Chen, Hsinchun, Ann M. Lally, Bin Zhu, and Michael Chau. "HelpfulMed: Intelligent Searching for Medical Information over the Internet." Wiley Periodicals, Inc, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105202.
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Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, University of ArizonaMedical professionals and researchers need information from reputable sources to accomplish their work. Unfortunately, the Web has a large number of documents that are irrelevant to their work, even those documents that purport to be â medically-related.â This paper describes an architecture designed to integrate advanced searching and indexing algorithms, an automatic thesaurus, or â concept space,â and Kohonen-based Self-Organizing Map (SOM) technologies to provide searchers with finegrained results. Initial results indicate that these systems provide complementary retrieval functionalities. HelpfulMed not only allows users to search Web pages and other online databases, but also allows them to build searches through the use of an automatic thesaurus and browse a graphical display of medical-related topics. Evaluation results for each of the different components are included. Our spidering algorithm outperformed both breadth-first search and PageRank spiders on a test collection of 100,000 Web pages. The automatically generated thesaurus performed as well as both MeSH and UMLSâ systems which require human mediation for currency. Lastly, a variant of the Kohonen SOM was comparable to MeSH terms in perceived cluster precision and significantly better at perceived cluster recall.
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Wallace, Rick L., and Nakia J. Woodward. "A Sketch of the Future of Libraries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8718.
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Woodward, Nakia J., Nakia J. Woodward, and Katherine Wolf. "A Look at the Future of Libraries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8720.
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Objectives: An important issue in the field of librarianship is what we will look like in the future. Prognosticators’ predictions range from doomsday to utopia. This poster seeks to identify what the perceptions of the future of libraries are from the published literature. The future of medical libraries in particular will be examined.
Methods: This research will analyze the literature published in the field of library science. The literature will then be qualitatively analyzed to determine themes about the perceptions of the future of libraries and librarians. NVIVO qualitative analysis software will be utilized to analyze the data for themes and trends. Three coders will independently code the data.
Results and Conclusions: A review of the literature paints a cautiously optimistic picture of the future of medical libraries and librarians. The general perception appears to be an ever increasing involvement in the community outside the walls of the medical library. With expanding collaborative technologies, medical librarians have both the challenges and opportunities to evolve to fill a great need in medical knowledge management and point-of care resources.
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Woodward, Nakia J., Rick L. Wallace, and Katherine Wolf. "A Look at the Future of Libraries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8720.
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Objectives: An important issue in the field of librarianship is what we will look like in the future. Prognosticators’ predictions range from doomsday to utopia. This poster seeks to identify what the perceptions of the future of libraries are from the published literature. The future of medical libraries in particular will be examined.
Methods: This research will analyze the literature published in the field of library science. The literature will then be qualitatively analyzed to determine themes about the perceptions of the future of libraries and librarians. NVIVO qualitative analysis software will be utilized to analyze the data for themes and trends. Three coders will independently code the data.
Results and Conclusions: A review of the literature paints a cautiously optimistic picture of the future of medical libraries and librarians. The general perception appears to be an ever increasing involvement in the community outside the walls of the medical library. With expanding collaborative technologies, medical librarians have both the challenges and opportunities to evolve to fill a great need in medical knowledge management and point-of care resources.
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Wallace, Richard L., Rachel R. Walden, and Nakia J. Woodward. "Focus Groups in Libraries: Acting on Feedback." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8815.
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Wallace, Rick L., and Nakia J. Woodward. "Consumer Health Information: Promoting Partners in Collaboration Between Medical & Public Libraries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8772.
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Canlas, Joel. "Creating software libraries to improve medical device testing of the Pacing System Analyzer (PSA) at St. Jude Medical." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/599.
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Software testing, specifically in the medical device field, has become increasingly complex over the last decade. Technological enhancements to simulate clinical scenarios and advancements in communicating to medical devices have created the need for better testing strategies and methodologies. Typical medical device companies have depended on manual testing processes to fulfill Food and Drug Administration (FDA) submission requirements specifically Class III devices which are life supporting, life sustaining devices. At St. Jude Medical, software testing of Class III devices such as implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), pacemakers, and pacing analyzers are given top priority to ensure the highest quality in each product. High emphasis is made on improving software testing for ease of use and for catching more software errors in each device. A significant stride in testing has automated the process and has provided software verification teams with the tools they need to successfully test and deliver high quality products. By creating software libraries which interact with communication to the other interfaces needed to test medical devices, test engineers can focus on fully testing device requirements and will not be concerned with how each test will interact with the device or any other testing tools. The main focus will be a specific St. Jude Medical device known as the Pacing System Analyzer (PSA). The PSA device will be used to demonstrate how verification engineers are able to benefit from software libraries and allow the testing process and test development to be fully automated. New technologies and standards will be created to simulate clinical scenarios and to communicate to new devices. The goal is to use software engineering principles to create standard test libraries which sustain these changes while still allowing testers to focus on finding issues for each device.
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Burroughs, Catherine M., and Fred B. Wood. "Measuring the Difference: Guide to Planning and Evaluating Health Information Outreach." National Network of Libraries of Medicine, Pacific Northwest Region, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105649.
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This 130-page guide is a primer (including tools and resources) for planning and evaluating health information programs. It was developed by the National Network of Libraries of Medicine, Pacific Northwest Region and the National Library of Medicine.
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Burns, Allison M. "A Study of the Information Seeking Behaviors of Integrative Medicine Professionals." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/418.
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As the practice of integrative medicine becomes more common, it is important for library science professionals to understand the research needs of integrative medicine professionals in order to best provide resources and services to this population. This paper surveys integrative medicine professionals affiliated with the four North Carolina academic programs and centers for integrative medicine. The results of this study indicate that this population may need more targeted library services due to the difficulty in finding information in this field.
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Paden, Shelley L., Andrea L. Batson, and Rick L. Wallace. "LonesomeDoc and Hospital Libraries in the Southeast." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8698.
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Houston, Andrea L., Hsinchun Chen, Susan M. Hubbard, Bruce R. Schatz, Tobun Dorbin Ng, Robin R. Sewell, and Kristin M. Tolle. "Medical Data Mining on the Internet: Research on a Cancer Information System." Kluwer, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106388.
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Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, University of ArizonaThis paper discusses several data mining algorithms and techniques that we have developed at the University of Arizona Artificial Intelligence Lab.We have implemented these algorithms and techniques into several prototypes, one of which focuses on medical information developed in cooperation with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.We propose an architecture for medical knowledge information systems that will permit data mining across several medical information sources and discuss a suite of data mining tools that we are developing to assist NCI in improving public access to and use of their existing vast cancer information collections.
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Ali, Irena Malgorzata, and n/a. "The impact of information provided by medical libraries on clinical decision making : A study of two hospitals." University of Canberra. Information, Language & Culture Studies, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060530.115422.
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A quantitative survey was conducted in two Canberra hospitals that aimed
at ascertaining the impact of information provided by medical libraries on
clinical decision making. Specifically, this research study investigated
clinical, cognitive and quality value of information provided by the medical
librarians to the management of patients and doctors' ability to handle
clinical cases differently as a result of such information. Furthermore, the
relative value of information received from the library was assessed by
comparing it to the value of information received from other sources in
dealing with clinical problems.
The research involved medical specialists and registrars affiliated with these
hospitals. Doctors were asked to select any clinical situation which they
frequently or currently encounter and for which further information would
be useful to them. Once their information requests were identified, they
were then asked to present such requests to the hospital library. In order to
avoid any special treatment, participants were urged not to identify
themselves to the library staff as partaking in the study. It was important
that participants did not search for the information themselves. The doctors
were asked to evaluate the material provided by the library in relation to
clinical care and, thereafter, complete a short questionnaire. This research
took place between October 1994 and March 1995. The questionnaires were
sent to 288 doctors. This represented the total population of specialists and
registrars affiliated with both hospitals at the time of the study. Analysis of
the results is based on a 34% useable response rate.
Medical specialists were by far the higher number of respondents (70%) as
compared with registrars (30%). Eighty-one per cent of the doctors said that
the information provided by the library refreshed their memory and 82% said
that it would contribute to better quality of medical care. Eighty-six per cent
indicated that some of this information was new to them and 99% said that
the information provided was up to date. Ninety-four per cent said that the
information provided by the library was of clinical value to them.
As the result of the information provided by the library 75% of respondents
would either definitely or probably handle some aspects of the clinical
situation differently than they would have done it otherwise. The level of
importance of the change for the optimal care of patients was assessed with
54% regarding it as important, 42% as moderately important.
Specifically, as the result of the information provided, the doctors were
able to change the following:
diagnosis 10%,
choice of lab tests 20%,
choice of other diagnostic investigations 24%,
choice of drugs 27%,
choice of other management 58%,
reduce length of hospitalisation 10%,
post-operative care of patients 25%,
advice given to patients 47%. On the basis of the received information the doctors were able to avoid
the following:
hospitalisation of patients 11%,
risk of hospital acquired infection 8%,
surgical intervention 19%,
tests or other investigation 23%,
additional out-patient visits 12%.
Discussions with colleagues were reported to be most valued sources of
information for the purpose of clinical decisions (59%), followed by diagnostic
imaging (49%), librarian (45%), lab tests (42%) and patients' medical records
(30%). The librarian's role as contributing to the process of clinical decisions was
rated highly with 88% ranking it as either important or moderately important.
The results of significance p test statistic performed at 0.05 significance level
suggested that, for this study, there was a significant relationship between the
frequency of library use and doctors' ability to change the choice of laboratory
tests, diagnostic investigations, and the choice of prescribed drugs.
The results of this research study demonstrate that medical librarians can
positively contribute to clinical management of patients by providing timely and
accurate information. Further research is recommended in order to determine
the impact of the whole range of library services on health care outcomes.
23
Chow, Hsiao-Hui, Kristin M. Tolle, Denise J. Roe, Victor Elsberry, and Hsinchun Chen. "Application of Neural Networks to Population Pharmacokinetic Data Analysis." American Chemical Society and American Pharmaceutical Association, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105273.
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Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, University of ArizonaThis research examined the applicability of using a neural network approach to analyze population pharmacokinetic data. Such data were collected retrospectively from pediatric patients who had received tobramycin for the treatment of bacterial infection. The information collected included patient-related demographic variables (age, weight, gender, and other underlying illness), the individualâ s dosing regimens (dose and dosing interval), time of blood drawn, and the resulting tobramycin concentration. Neural networks were trained with this information to capture the relationships between the plasma tobramycin levels and the following factors: patient-related demographic factors, dosing regimens, and time of blood drawn. The data were also analyzed using a standard population pharmacokinetic modeling program, NONMEM. The observed vs predicted concentration relationships obtained from the neural network approach were similar to those from NONMEM. The residuals of the predictions from neural network analyses showed a positive correlation with that from NONMEM. Average absolute errors were 33.9 and 37.3% for neural networks and 39.9% for NONMEM. Average prediction errors were found to be 2.59 and -5.01% for neural networks and 17.7% for NONMEM. We concluded that neural networks were capable of capturing the relationships between plasma drug levels and patient-related prognostic factors from routinely collected sparse withinpatient pharmacokinetic data. Neural networks can therefore be considered to have potential to become a useful analytical tool for population pharmacokinetic data analysis.
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Lussky, Joan. "The Index Catalogue and Historical Shifts in Medical Knowledge, & Word Usage Patterns." dLIST, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106349.
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Faithful aggregated accounts of the advancement of science are invaluable for those setting scientific policy as well as scholars of the history of science. As science develops the scholarly communityiÌ s determination of the accepted knowledge undergoes shifts. Within medicine these shifts include our understanding of what can cause disease and what defines specific disease entities. Shifts in accepted medical knowledge are captured in the medical literature. The Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon GeneraliÌ s Office, United States Army, published from 1880 -1961, is an extremely large index to medical literature. The newly digitized form of this index, referred to as the IndexCat, allows us a way to generate faithful accounts of the development of medical science during the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries. My data looks at shifts within the IndexCat surrounding three disease entities: syphilis, Huntington's chorea, and beriberi, and their interactions with two disease causation theories: germ and hereditary, from 1880-1930. Temporal changes in the prominent subject heading words and title words within the literature of these diseases and disease theories corroborate qualitative accounts of this same literature, which reports the complex and sometimes oblique process of knowledge accretion. Although preliminary, my results indicate that the IndexCat is a valuable tool for studying the development of medical knowledge.
25
Esson, Rachel Margaret. "How good is survey design in medical libraries? a systematic review of user surveys : submitted to the School of Information Management, Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Library and Information Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1282.
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Leroy, Gondy, Hsinchun Chen, Jesse D. Martinez, Shauna Eggers, Ryan R. Falsey, Kerri L. Kislin, Zan Huang, et al. "Genescene: Biomedical Text And Data Mining." Wiley Periodicals, Inc, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105791.
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Artificial Intelligence Lab, Department of MIS, University of ArizonaTo access the content of digital texts efficiently, it is necessary to provide more sophisticated access than keyword based searching. Genescene provides biomedical researchers with research findings and background relations automatically extracted from text and experimental data. These provide a more detailed overview of the information available. The extracted relations were evaluated by qualified researchers and are precise. A qualitative ongoing evaluation of the current online interface indicates that this method to search the literature is more useful and efficient than keyword based searching.
27
Woodward, Nakia J., and Nakia J. Woodward. "An Analysis of a Consumer Health Partnership Between Academic and Public Libraries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8721.
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Objectives: The purpose of this presentation is to analyze a statewide consumer health training program that involved a partnership between academic and public libraries. The project was conducted from 2004–2010. Over 250 participants from public libraries received MLA’s Consumer Health Information Specialization Level 1 certificate as a result of the project.
Methods: Participants from the public libraries were interviewed either individually or in small groups. Thoughts on the classes, their experience with consumer health information, and MedlinePlus as a product were elicited from the participants. Their observations were recorded. The findings were analyzed, and dominant themes were identified.
Results: The motivation behind this effort was reports that the first place people with a new diagnosis go for information is the public library. Anecdotal evidence shows that the participants enjoyed the classes and felt empowered by the training. Many expressed interest in continuing training.
Conclusions: Public libraries are valuable partners for medical librarians. We wanted to look for evidence to see if there was any value in this project in order to know whether to repeat it in the future or whether to promote it as a model to other geographical areas
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Woodward, Nakia J., and Rick L. Wallace. "An Analysis of a Consumer Health Partnership Between Academic and Public Libraries." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8721.
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Objectives: The purpose of this presentation is to analyze a statewide consumer health training program that involved a partnership between academic and public libraries. The project was conducted from 2004–2010. Over 250 participants from public libraries received MLA’s Consumer Health Information Specialization Level 1 certificate as a result of the project.
Methods: Participants from the public libraries were interviewed either individually or in small groups. Thoughts on the classes, their experience with consumer health information, and MedlinePlus as a product were elicited from the participants. Their observations were recorded. The findings were analyzed, and dominant themes were identified.
Results: The motivation behind this effort was reports that the first place people with a new diagnosis go for information is the public library. Anecdotal evidence shows that the participants enjoyed the classes and felt empowered by the training. Many expressed interest in continuing training.
Conclusions: Public libraries are valuable partners for medical librarians. We wanted to look for evidence to see if there was any value in this project in order to know whether to repeat it in the future or whether to promote it as a model to other geographical areas
29
Weyant, Emily, Nakia J. Woodward, and Elisabeth Walden. "Medical Librarian Citation Manager Use and Instruction across the United States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8826.
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Objectives: This study is an examination of the state of citation manager use and instruction by medical librarians across the United States and US territories. It focuses on librarian preference for citation managers and related instruction. The purpose of this study is to reveal barriers to and preferences for citation managers and citation manager instruction in hospital and academic libraries.
Methods: A literature review performed prior to undertaking this project revealed minimal current literature on citation manager instruction in health sciences and medical libraries. Citation managers evolve quickly, negatively impacting the relevancy of older literature. In effort to capture current reflections on citation manager use and instruction in health science and medical libraries, a qualitative survey was devised and disseminated via medical library listservs in late summer 2017. Questions included in this survey as well as the survey platform and data collection procedures were approved by East Tennessee State University’s Institutional Review Board. Questions discussed librarian citation manager use preferences, instruction styles, barriers to instruction, and perception of value. RedCap was utilized for survey dissemination and analysis. Survey recipients received two weeks to respond to survey questions after which data was compiled and analyzed by researchers to reveal trends.
Results: This survey garnered 238 responses, 61% from academic librarians, 27% from hospital librarians, and 12% from other librarians. Respondents identified Zotero as the most utilized free citation manager and EndNote as the most utilized paid citation manager. Lack of patron interest was the most significant barrier identified by hospital librarians while lack of citation manager awareness was the greatest barrier for academics. Although 97% of respondents either agreed or strongly agreed that citation manager use instruction falls within library instructional domains, 82% of librarians surveyed report that they did not receive citation manager instruction while pursuing their library degrees.
Conclusions: As librarians assume responsibility for citation manager instruction and use, time must be dedicated to training of librarians to utilize citation managers and effectively teach them to others. Whether this training should occur in school or on the job is debatable and subject to circumstance. Additional recommendations include increased promotion of citation manager availability, purpose, and instruction opportunities in institutions where this is feasible. Limitations of this study include a small sample size with a bias towards respondents familiar with citation managers working in institutions with citation manager subscriptions.
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Wallace, Rick L., and Nakia J. Woodward. "Promoting a Culture of Continuing Investigation: an Analysis of a Medical Library Journal Club’s Critically Appraised Topic Database." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8713.
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Ghosh, Maitrayee, and Jay Bhatt. "The challenging and critical role of information professionals in combating AIDS in India." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105105.
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The nature of work for librarians/information professionals is undergoing a profound transformation, due to the arrival of deadly diseases like AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) and the change in information needs of the local community. This change necessitates much more professional expertise, updated knowledge, critical thinking and involvement in developing effective AIDS literacy programs. Information professionals serving in different libraries or potential information dissemination centers can provide dedicated services to society by helping to access AIDS information not only in urban settings but also in rural environments. This paper outlines strategies for effective collaboration in the context of AIDS literacy promotion efforts. It identifies a number of obstacles in the process of empowering the community and suitable measures essential for success.
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Pibulsilp, Thanawadee. "An investigation of cultural influence on academic library usage and experience of international medical students from Asian countries a case study of students at the Christchurch School of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch : submitted to the School of Information Management, Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Library and Information Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1273.
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Weyant, Emily C., Nakia J. Woodward, Rachel R. Walden, and Rick L. Wallace. "Reflections on a Decade of Promoting Consumer Health Resources at Remote Area Medical Clinics." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8675.
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Librarians at the East Tennessee State University (ETSU) Quillen College of Medicine Library have provided consumer health outreach services to rural and underserved populations at Remote Area Medical (RAM) clinics since 2009. These outreach services heavily depend upon and promote consumer health websites and National Library of Medicine (NLM) resources in order to reach the largest number of people at the lowest possible cost. This article will provide a brief overview of RAM clinics in Wise, VA, and Gray, TN, served by ETSU librarians for years. Additionally, this article will discuss the evolution of ETSU QCoM librarian outreach initiatives relating to these clinics over the past decade. This article includes a list of online consumer health resources used to support these initiatives as well as a list of most commonly addressed consumer health topics.
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Wallace, Rick L., and Nakia J. Woodward. "Collaborating with Public Libraries to Provide Consumer Health Information Services to 17 Rural Tennessee Counties." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8781.
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Marumo, Tshipinare Renard. "A survey of the information seeking behaviour of the dental faculty lecturers and students at the University of the Western Cape's Oral Health Centre Library, in Mitchell's Plain." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2000. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8949_1213362632.
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Reetseng, Mmakgoshi Prescilla. "An assessment of the attitudes of undergraduate students towards information literacy training : Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU) Library as case study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58606.
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ABSTRACT
Information literacy skills training should be utilised by libraries as a strategy for transforming non-library users into constant users by teaching them appropriate skills that can impact on their knowledge and attitudes towards the utilisation of library resources. Although libraries do provide training aimed at making students conscious of the range of library resources and services and how to use them in their studies and career development, it has regrettably been observed that the skills and services are not well utilised by many.
Students in many institutions still rely heavily on the librarian even after receiving training. This has also been observed at the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU) library. This study titled, An assessment of the attitudes of undergraduate students towards information literacy training: Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU) Library as case study, therefore addressed the following research problem: To what extent does the information literacy skills training offered at the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMU) Library affect students’ attitudes towards information literacy training and use of information retrieval systems?
The study was aimed at offering 2015 first year students at the Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University and the librarian responsible for information literacy skills training an opportunity to express their perceptions and feelings about the library’s information literacy skills training programme and the use of information retrieval systems. The study also aimed at determining barriers that students experience in independently and effectively utilising library services and systems and identifying possible gaps in the training. The study also looked at aspects of the training that influenced students positively.
A case study of first year students from the Schools of Medicine, Pathology and Pre-Clinical Sciences, Oral Health Sciences and Health Care Sciences at SMU was conducted using a mixed methods approach, collecting and analysing quantitative and qualitative data. It employed questionnaires (for quantitative data), focus group interviews (for qualitative data) and an interview with the librarian responsible for information literacy training (qualitative data). Data were collected from the 14th October to the 06th November 2015. A total of 394 questionnaires were distributed, 225 questionnaires were returned and 219 were sufficiently completed to be useful. Four focus group interviews were held with 18 first year students; all schools were represented.
Students contributed ideas and voiced their opinions about the value of information literacy skills training for their studies, future career and their everyday life. They shared perceptions on their satisfaction with the skills learned and had the opportunity to rank the skills they have improved as a result of the training. Students confirmed that the training programme was indeed valuable and required for various aspects of their life, studies and career. They learned the skills needed when searching for information. Their effort and time for searching, locating, finding, accessing, evaluating and using information from the shelves, catalogue, internet and databases had also been decreased.
Some of the gaps identified by students were that they struggled with acquiring new skills as they had no prior exposure to libraries and computers, the classes were overcrowded and uncontrollable, the scope covered was too wide for one session, the training was overwhelming and the timing of the year wrong. Students also made suggestions and recommendations, for example continuous or monthly training, online training sessions, small group sessions, facilitation training for the trainers and including basic computer training.
The practical recommendations from the study, which include the student recommendations, can be utilised to improve information literacy skills training at Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Library, and also hold value for other academic contexts. From a theoretical viewpoint, theories of self-efficacy and affordance theory can be explored in further work.Mini Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University
Carnegie Corporation of New York
Information Science
MIT
Unrestricted
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Carter, Nakia, and Rick Wallace. "Collaborating with Public Libraries, Public Health Departments, and Rural Hospitals to Provide Consumer Health Information Services." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8682.
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East Tennessee State University Quillen College of Medicine Library (ETSUQCOML) developed a training program to enable public libraries, public health workers, and rural hospital staff to be consumer health information providers. Four NN/LM-developed classes were taught to public libraries. Regional public library directors were invaluable in obtaining the concurrence of their boards for release time for class attendance. Classes were also developed for the public health workforce and rural hospital staff. Five-hundred thirty-three students attended the classes. Fifty-two public library workers will receive the MLA's Consumer Health Information Specialist certification. Thirty-one public libraries have joined NN/LM. All ordered MedlinePlus marketing materials for their libraries from InformationRx.org.
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Woodward, Nakia J., Rick L. Wallace, Kelly Loyd, Elizabeth A. Wallace, and Rachel R. Walden. "Librarians as Connectors: Applying Information Skills to Facilitate Research Partnerships." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8708.
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Wallace, Richard. "ETSU Medical Residents' Clinical Information Behaviors, Skills, Training, and Resource Use." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2076.
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Information is a powerful tool for enabling physicians to provide quality healthcare for their patients. Information use in the clinic is a skill that must be learned. If medical residency programs fail to impart this skill, then patients will suffer.
The residents of the ETSU Quillen College of Medicine were surveyed as to their use of clinical information. Of the 217 residents of the 2005-2006 class who were surveyed, 105 returned the survey for a return rate of 48%. The clinical faculty was also surveyed in order to measure the responses of the residents against that of their instructors.
ETSU residents frequently had a new information need in the clinic. The majority of the time they did not seek an answer, but when they did they were often successful in finding an answer. Therapy information was the most frequently sought after type of information. Most residents used the Quillen College of Medicine Library, but not at a desirable rate. Residents stated that information obtained from the library was helpful in caring for their patients. The most frequent source of information used by residents was electronic resources and the greatest barrier to the use of information was time. The majority of residents were PDA users, with Palm devices being the primary platform. The residents rated their PDA skills and evidence-based medicine skills as above average. Few were LoansomeDoc users. The majority of residents received information training from clinical faculty and from librarians and rated it highly. Residents indicated a desire for more training and the majority indicated that they would like a clinical medical librarian for their program. They rated the library service of the Quillen College of Medicine and the area teaching hospitals highly. Residents used Google and the Web frequently. PubMed was rated as a valuable resource. Online journals and the UpToDate database were important electronic resources for the residents.
ETSU residents have many excellent resources and training opportunities in place. However, for ETSU residents to go out into community practice as true "Infomasters" an upgrading of their information training should be undertaken.
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Burke, Marianne D. "Clinical Evidence Technologies and Patient Care." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1022.
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ABSTRACT
Clinical evidence technologies (CETs) are information sources derived from medical research literature that may assist health care providers in continued learning, decision-making, and patient care. Examples of CETs include: MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane Reviews, research journal literature, print and electronic medical texts, clinical topic summaries, guidelines, and interactive decision tools. Clinicians utilize CETs to find answers to questions that arise during patient care. However, it was unclear if CETs had a measurable impact on provider practice or patient outcomes.
A literature review identified twenty-two articles evaluating CETs’ impact. Study designs included surveys, observational studies, randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental methods. The review revealed mixed evidence of CET impact on provider-level outcomes such as improved diagnoses and treatments, and on patient level outcomes such as length of hospital stay and mortality. Additional research was needed to determine whether certain CETs or CET types have impact on patient care outcomes in clinically targeted areas.
We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial (CRCT) to evaluate the effect of a dermatology-focused CET (VisualDx) when used by primary care providers. We found no difference in the patient skin disease outcomes of resolution of symptoms and return visits for the same problem in that trial. Thirty-two PCPs and 433 patients participated. In proportional hazards modelling adjusted for provider clusters, the time from index visit to skin problem resolution was similar in both groups (Hazard Ratio=0.92; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=0.70, 1.21; P=0.54). Patient follow-up appointments did not differ significantly between groups (Odds Ratio=1.26; CI=0.94, 1.70; P=0.29).
In a follow up mixed-methods study, we sought to understand why VisualDx did not make a difference. All CRCT provider participants were surveyed about their experience in the trial. VisualDx users (intervention arm) were interviewed about their experience using the CET. Ease of access and usefulness for patient communication facilitated successful use while irrelevant search results and use of other sources were barriers. Although PCPs reported benefits, they did not perceive the CET as useful often enough to motivate using it frequently or exclusively, thereby reducing the likelihood of it making a difference in the problem resolution and return appointment outcomes.
There was no difference in skin problem resolution or number of follow-up visits when PCPs used VisualDx. PCPs did not perceive VisualDx as “useful” often enough for to use it frequently, or exclusively, thereby reducing the likelihood of this CET making a difference in patient-level outcomes.
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Carter, Nakia J., and Rick L. Wallace. "Information Revolution: Mustering the Militia: Collaborating with Public Libraries to Provide Consumer Health Information Services to 17 Rural Tennessee Counties." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8769.
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Objective: To enable primarily public libraries and secondarily public health workers and rural hospital staff to be consumer health information providers with the goal of creating a program that could be copied nationally, enabling public library workers to become an important resource in reversing our national health information illiteracy.
Setting: Three regions of the state regional public library system covering seventeen counties and two regions of the state public health department system.
Participants: Public library staff, public health department staff, and rural hospital staff. Program: East Tennessee State University (ETSU) College of Medicine Library partnered with public libraries to improve the delivery of health information. Four free classes were taught multiple times: “Prescription for Success,” “An Apple a Day,” “PubMed for Public Librarians,” and “From Snake Oil to Penicillin.” Regional public library directors were used to convince their staff of its value and obtain the concurrence of their boards for release time for class attendance. Classes were also developed for the public health workforce and rural hospital staff. Existing classes (with all teaching materials on the National Network of Libraries of Medicine [NN/ LM] Website) were used with the existing public library system.
Results: Five-hundred thirty-three students attended the classes. Fifty-two public library workers received MLA’s Consumer Health Information Specialist certification. Thirty-one public libraries have joined NN/LM. All ordered MedlinePlus marketing materials for their libraries from InformationRx.org.
Conclusion: This project helped address the public health problem of health information illiteracy by filling the gap the average person has in finding quality health information. A strength of this project is its easy replication. The project used materials that were readily available and put them to use. Any library could replicate this project in its own service area saving time and cost to the library.
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Rodriguez, M. "Knowledge Discovery in a Review of Monograph Acquisitions at an Academic Health Sciences Library." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/528.
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This study evaluates monograph acquisition decisions at an academic health sciences library using circulation and acquisitions data. The goal was to provide insight regarding how to allocate library funds to support research and education in disciplines of interest to the library user base. Data analysis revealed that allocations in 13 subject areas should be reviewed as the cost of circulation was greater than the average cost of circulation of the sample and the average cost of monographs was higher in these subject areas than the average cost of monographs in the sample. In contrast, 13 subjects returned cost of circulation rates lower than the average cost of circulation of the sample. These subjects merit stable budget allocation or increased allocation depending upon collection needs. Overall, this study found that this library is allocating a majority of resources to subjects with above average rates of use.
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Rutledge, M. Hannah. "Patient Family and Hospital Staff Information Needs at a Pediatric Hospital: an Analysis of Information Requests Received by the Family Resource Libraries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801947/.
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This research explored the information needs of patient families and hospital staff at a pediatric hospital system in Dallas, Texas. Library statistics recorded in four hospital libraries from 2011 - 2013 were used to analyze the information requests from patient families and hospital staff. Crosstabulations revealed the extent to which patient families and hospital staff used the libraries to satisfy their information needs. The data showed that patient families used the libraries very differently than hospital staff. Chi-square tests for independence were performed to identify the relationships between the Classification (Patient Family, Hospital Staff) and two descriptors of information needs (Request Type, Resources Used). There were a total of 1,406 information requests analyzed. The data showed that patient families and hospital staff information requests differed greatly in the number of information requests, the type of information requested, the resources used and the time the library staff spent on the requests. Chi-square analyses revealed relationships statistically significant at the p < .05 level; however, the strength of the relationships varied.
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Abdulla, Rabab H. M. "Towards an understanding of ICT in the Hamad Health Science Library in the State of Qatar." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13507.
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Information and communication technologies (lCTs) are increasingly changing the way in which working, learning, doing research and administrations are carried out. ICTs have the changed natute of many academic, public and organisations libraries. Health service is an important and essential element of any modern society. Therefore, development of this service and updating its services is a priority for most of modern governments. Current developments in ICTs are changing the nature of health science libraries. Therefore research in this area is important to provide guidelines, recommendations to improve the health services. This study explores the impact of ICTs in Hamad Health Science Library in Qatar. Physicians and staff in the Hamad Medical Corporation were surveyed by questionnaire to identify the use of ICTs and their effect on them. Then personal interviews detertnined their perceptions of the impact on the research productivity of end-users. There is a lack of this type of study in the literature. Those that there are specifically address the impact of ICTs in health science library. ICTs have become a major link to health care resources for many health care workers. The study employs a systems methodological approach in order to better understand the impact and value of ICTs in Hamad Health Sciences Library (HHSL). Using the systems intervention, issues that affect the system were identified (technological issues, cooperation issues, cultural issues and staff (and user) training and development) and the problem situation improved. An ordered roadmap of elements necessary to bring about change was produced and a HHSL systems model constructed to understand the change processes in context. Conclusions drawn reflect the level of success of the aims and objectives and indicate ways in which the problem situation can be improved from a systemic standpoint. Recommendations to management include aspects associated with operational planning, policy objectives and strategic formulation.
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Jenkins, Sharon D. (Sharon Dezel). "The Applicability of SERVPERF in Judging Service Quality for Biomedical Information Professionals." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279133/.
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The applicability of SERVPERF as a tool for judging the quality of services used by biomedical information professionals was tested using standard statistical procedures. Data was gathered nationally via a combination of electronic and non-electronic forms, from Area Health Education Center (AHEC) information professionals and the results consolidated to provide information for the study. It was determined that SERVPERF was applicable in making judgements about service quality for AHEC information professionals. Their perceptions about service quality tended to have a greater influence than did their level of actual satisfaction on whether or not they planned to use a particular service in the future. There is currently no validated tool available to ascertain the quality of services offered to these valuable members of the rural health care team. This dissertation proposes to provide such a tool, and to serve as a guide or template for other professionals seeking a means to judge service quality in their own disciplines.
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Alopaeus, Eva. "Uppfattningar om kvalitet på medicinska bibliotek." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Biblioteks- och informationsvetenskap / Bibliotekshögskolan, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12204.
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This paper presents the background, aim and results of a small empirical study conducted in the setting of a medical hospital library. The background is found both in the quality ambitions of the medical professions and organizations and in the effort of medical libraries to show their importance to the total quality of medical decision making. As a first step in the library's quality process, the aim has been to identify quality performance indicators of value to library users in their contact with a medical hospital library. The second step- to identify satisfaction levels - is not included in this work. Another aim has been to compare the quality categories in this small study with the generally accepted quality categories that emerged in the comprehensive studies of Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry in which customers express their expectations and perceptions of services. This study is based on a small number of interviews with representatives from different user groups within a hospital. The analysis is inspired by phenomenography which build on perceptions of phenomena - in this case the phenomenon "quality". In the material from the interviews five quality categories were identified. Compared to generally accepted quality categories from the service sector none of these five categories were unique. Important conclusions were that despite the homogeneity of the user group, expectations and needs are different and vary from time to time. Consequently flexibility and individual treatment of library users are crucial if the library is to meet user expectations. But the material also shows that despite access to modern technology users have very traditional perceptions of the library seeing the library as a room. If libraries were to let only user expectations initiate changes, it would lead to stagnation. It is not realistic to rely only on the knowledge or interest of the users.
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Crestana, Maria Fazanelli. "Discurso de bibliotecárias a respeito de suas profissões na área médica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6131/tde-27062003-121133/.
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Dentre os diversos campos profissionais contemporâneos, que mais têm sido afetados pelos avanços tecnológicos, globalização e transformações sociais, destacam-se os que têm ênfase na criação, processamento e disseminação da informação. A biblioteca, que vê a informação transformar-se em fenômeno social, além do valor mercadológico assumido ultimamente, é compelida a adequar o seu papel e serviços; sendo exigidas dos bibliotecários, atitudes, competências e capacitação no exercício da profissão. Considerando a escolha da profissão bibliotecária na área médica, cenário que representa o contexto deste trabalho, o objetivo é identificar através dos discursos, motivações e opiniões sobre o exercício da profissão nesta área. Das entrevistas gravadas e transcritas, com doze bibliotecárias de uma faculdade de medicina e pela metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, são analisadas as respostas que revelam as opiniões dos sujeitos de pesquisa. Os discursos apontam vários caminhos na adoção e exercício da profissão, sendo referidas a satisfação e dedicação da parte destas bibliotecárias. São identificadas as necessidades de especialização e atualização, e a preocupação com a imagem da profissão e a manutenção dos cargos, pelos profissionais bibliotecários. São abordados os desafios, dificuldades e facilidades específicas da área, a literatura médica, os usuários e o ambiente de trabalho. A especialização e o desenvolvimento profissional possibilitam a ampliação das atribuições e papéis dos bibliotecários em equipes multiprofissionais na área médica.Among the several contemporary professional fields, which have been mostly affected by the technological improvements, globalization and social transformation one may highlight those wich emphasise creation, processing and dissemination of information. The library that witnesses the information being transformed into social phenomenon, besides its recently invested market value, is compelled to adjust its role and services; being required from librarians, attitudes, skills, qualifications in the professional practice. Considering the choice of being a librarian in the medical field, scenario which represents the context of this work, the goal is to identify through the speeches, motivations and opinions about the professional practice in this field. Trought taped and transcribed interviews, with twelve librarians in a medicine school, and considering the methodology of Collective Subject Speech, the answers which show the opinions about the subjects which are part of the research, are analysed. The speeches point out a lot of ways to adopt the profession as well as dealing with it, while being concerned to the satisfaction and commitment on the part of those librarians. The updating and specialization needs are identified, and the concern with the image required by the profession as well as the keeping of jobs by the librarians. The challenges, the difficulties and specifc facilities of this field, the medical literature, the users and the work environment, are taken on consideration. The specialization and professional development make it possible to broaden the roles and atributions of the librarians in multiprofessional groups in the medical field.
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Guixer, Bernat. "Chemically synthesized peptide libraries as a new source of BBB-shuttles. Use of Mass Spectrometry for peptide identification and quantification." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/279348.
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The blood-brain barrier (888) is a biological barrier that plays a crucial role protecting the brain from neurotoxic agents and regulating the influx and efflux of molecules required for the correct function of this organ. This stringent regulation hampers the passage across the BBB of drugs targeting a variety of targets in the brain parenchyma. To overcome this hurdle, strategies such as usage of BBB-shutties had been proposed. BBB-shutties are described as molecules both able to cross the BBB and able to mediate the passage of a molecule unable to cross the barrier attached to it.
This thesis focus on the study and tuning of already described peptide BBB-shutties to improve
their efficiency, stability and solubility and on the search of new peptide BBB-shutties by highthroughput screening methods.
First, the effect of stereochemistry on passive diffusion across the BBB was studied. A library composed by a complete set of Ac-{N-MePhekNH2 stereoisomers (16) was synthesized and evaluated with PAMPA assay. Homochiral versions, particularly all-O version, showed the best diffusion rates among library analogues. A degree of enantiomeric discrimination was observed.
Second, to improve the features of Ac-HAIYPRH-NH2 (a peptide found by phage display described to interact with human transferrin receptor), a library of 21 analogues based on this peptide was designed, synthesized and assayed on an in vitro cell-based BBB model. The library broadens the screened chemical space by exploring o-peptide backbone and a variety of non-natural side chains. Transport results were assessed by two distinct quantification techniques: HPlC-UV and MALDI-TOF. For transport quantification using mass spectrometry techniques an internal standard is reqUired. Hence, a library of internal standards containing the isotopically labelled CD1llCO- tag was synthesized to spike the samples assayed on the in vitro cell-based BBB model.
Third. the high-throughput screening technique phage display was used to explore minimalist moieties able to target the brain. A phage display CX3Clibrary was synthesized and assayed in vivo in BALB/c mice. Three panning rounds and a post-panning were performed and led to three lead sequences: CFlFC, CRWEC and CNSUe. Those sequences were studied individually to assess biodistribution on mice and immunofluorescence experiments to track the fate of these phages. We concluded that compared to a negative phage (with no peptide insert) all selected phage have an affinity of more than one fold to the brain. However, phages accumulate in greater or significant quantities in several other organs, especially in liver. In terms of localization, we hypothesize phages could target astrocytes, although e)(periments should be repeated to further confirm these results.
Finally, a new high-throughput screening methodology was developed to seek for new peptide BBB-shutties in a chemical space not available with phage display. This methodology combines combinatorial chemistry for peptide library synthesis, in vitro models mimicking the BBB for library evaluation and state-of-the-art mass spectrometry techniques to identify those peptides able to cross the in vitro assays. The library was synthesized with the mix and split methodology to generate a library based on: Ac-o-Arg-XXXXX-NH;u where X were: D-Ala. D-Arg, D-lIe, D-Glu, D-Ser, D-Trp, D-Pro. The assays used were the in vitro cell based BBB assay (mimicking both active and passive transport) and PAMPA assay (only mimicking passive diffusion). From these BBB models two groups of candidates were postulated depending on the transport mechanisms used (passive diffusion vs other mechanisms of transport). The identification of candidates was determined in a two-steps mass spectrometry approach combining LTQ-Orbitrap and Q-trap mass spectrometers. Sequences within 13-A1-PI-R1 and 14-PI-R1 compositions were found as other mechanisms transport candidates while sequences within 13-P2-R1, P3-S2-R1 and A3-R2-P1 compositions were found for passive diffUSion transpart candidates.La barrera hematoencefàlica (BH) és una barrera biològica situada als capil.lars sanguinis del cervell que juga un paper crucial per a la regulació del flux d'entrada i sortida de molècules necessàries pel correcte funcionament d'aquest òrgan i per a la seva protecció davant d'agents neurotòxics. Aquesta forta regulació dificulta el pas a través de la BH dels fàrmacs dirigits al parènquima cerebral. Per superar aquest obstacle, s'han proposat estratègies com l'ús de llançadores de la BH. Aquestes es descriuen com a molècules tant capaços de travessar la BH com capaces d'assistir el pas d'una molècula incapaç de creuar la barrera enganxada a ella. Aquesta tesi es centra en l'estudi i la modificació de llançadores de la BH ja descrites per millorar la seva eficàcia, estabilitat i solubilitat i en la recerca de nous pèptids llançadora per mètodes de cribratge d'alt rendiment. Es va sintetitzar una biblioteca d'estereoisòmers basada en Ac-(N-MePhe)(4)-NH(2) per avaluar el paper de la quiralitat en la difusió passiva a través d'un assaig de transport in vitro: PAMPA. A més, es va dissenyar i sintetitzar una biblioteca de 21 anàlegs basats en Ac-HAIYPRH-NH(2) per millorar l'eficàcia, l'estabilitat i la solubilitat d'aquest pèptid a través d'un assaig in vitro de BH basat en un co-cultiu cel.lular. La tècnica de cribratge d'alt rendiment phoge disploy es va utilitzar per explorar unitats peptídiques mínimes capaços de dirigir-se preferentment al cervell. Es va sintetitzar una biblioteca de fags CX3C i es va assajar in vivo en ratolins BALB/c. Els fags CFLFC, CRWEC i CNSQC van ser seleccionats després d'un protocol de la panning compost de 3 rondes basades en enriquiment al cervell. S'ha desenvolupat una nova metodologia de selecció d'alt rendiment per buscar nous pèptids llançadora de la BH, en un espai químic no disponible amb la tècnica phoge disploy. Aquesta metodologia combina la química combinatòria per a la síntesi de biblioteques de pèptids, els models in vitro que mimetitzen la BH per a l'avaluació de les biblioteques i tècniques avançades d'espectrometria de masses per a la identificació dels pèptids capaços de travessar aquests assajos in vitro.
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Crestana, Maria Fazanelli. "O comprometimento de pessoas integradas a um Sistema de Bibliotecas Universitárias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-03072007-111707/.
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Aborda o desenvolvimento profissional e intelectual de equipes bibliotecárias, compostas por diferentes categorias profissionais e que atuam no contexto da tecnologia da informação, da globalização, do acesso à informação e das transformações sociais, e que, tendo qualificação profissional específica, devem ser objetos de contínua capacitação. No cenário de evolução dos modelos administrativos e da gestão de pessoas, aborda as ações de capacitação e desenvolvimento promovidas para essas equipes, pelo Departamento Técnico do Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas da Universidade de São Paulo - DT/SIBi/USP, e em que medida essas ações de capacitação promovem o comprometimento das pessoas que compõem essas equipes, com as bibliotecas. Objetivo: identificar nos bibliotecários e profissionais de níveis técnico e básico das bibliotecas do SIBi/USP, na área de saúde, suas opiniões sobre comprometimento organizacional. Método: análise do material verbal colhido através de entrevistas feitas com os três grupos de profissionais, transcrito e tratado com a metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: os resultados qualiquantitativos revelam o que pensam esses profissionais a respeito do tema e os discursos constituem material que poderá apoiar o Departamento Técnico do SIBi/USP a delinear e propor, a partir das suas diretrizes e políticas, as ações para o comprometimento e desenvolvimento das equipes do Sistema.It approaches the professional and intellectual development of the librarians teams, which are composed by unlike professional classes, who perform on the context of technological information, about globalization, about the access to information and social transformations, so that to aiming a specific professional qualification, their purpose must be of continuous capability. In the evolution scenery of administrative patterns, as well as of human management, it approaches capability and evolution actions and development, promoted for those teams by the Technical Department of the Integrated System of the University of São Paulo Libraries (Departamento Técnico do Sistema Integrado de Bibliotecas da Universidade de São Paulo) - DT/SIBi/USP, and in which proportion these capability actions promote the committment of all the persons who compose these teams towards libraries. Purpose: to identify among librarians and professionals of technical level and basic level of the SIBi/USP libraries, in health area, their opinions about organizational pledge. Methodology: the analysis of the collected verbal material, throughout the interviews done, with the three professional groups, which has been transcribed and handled with the methodology of the Collective Citizen Speech (Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo). The results: the qualiquantitavive results bring out what these professionals think about the matter, and the speeches represent the material which might support the Technical Department of SIBi/USP (Departamento Técnico do SIBi/USP) to outline and propose, from their line of directions and policies, the actions for the committment and development of the system?s teams.
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Wallace, Rick L. "Clinical Medical Librarian Effectiveness in an ETSU Medical Residency Program." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8797.
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