Journal articles on the topic 'Medical librarians'

<p>Objective: To examine current and developing data management roles and opportunities for health librarians<br />to become involved in electronic medical record (EMR) initiatives. This paper focuses on the Canadian context but has implications farther afield. Methods: To accomplish a state-of-the-art review, searches were conducted in the library and information science databases (LISTA, LISA), biomedical databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE), and on the web for grey literature. Keywords included: clinical librarian, health science librarian, medical librarian, hospital librarian, medical informationist, electronic medical record, EMR, electronic health record, EHR, data management, data curation, health informatics, e-science, and e-science librarianship. MeSH subject headings used were: Medical Records Systems, Computerized/, Electronic Health Records/, and libraries/. Results: There is little evidence of Canadian health librarians’ current involvement in EMR initiatives, but examples from the United States indicate that health librarians’ participation is primarily in system implementation, creating links to the medical literature, and using EMRs to provide patient health information. Further roles for health librarians are emerging in this area as health librarians draw on their core competencies and learn from e-science librarianship to create new opportunities. Data management examples from e-science librarianship, such as building data dictionaries and data management plans and infrastructure, give further direction to health librarians’ involvement in EMRs. Conclusion: As EMRs gradually become more popular in Canada, Canadian health librarians should seek further opportunities for education and outreach to become more involved with these EMR initiatives.</p>

Over the years, the library activity has been focused on libraries programs. But today, according to the scientific development of information technology in various fields including medicine Librarians and Medical Informatics sciences skills in new areas serving the medical community and patients has changed. In addition to changing activities, medical librarians working in the libraries of traditional state-centered research activities, new jobs have been created for graduates. In this study, a qualitative interview from librarians graduated between the years 80 to 93 and working in different parts of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences was created. According to the qualitative interviews, medical librarians have a strong presence in these activities:As well as doctors and care team members in different centers, such as research centers, training and knowledge management university, helping in the search for papers for scientific and academic staffs and provide access to the best evidence for them, Evidence-Based Medicine center(EBM), Research Development & Coordination Center (RDCC), Activity in publication center and convert documents into a suitable format and accepted as HTML or PDF or XML for inclusion in the Institutional Repository of the University Process data recording, content management, workshops for faculty and students, University survey activities in science centers, medical education and e-learning as well as other ancillary activities. Therefore, with respect to this research, due to the active participation of the medical librarian in research and teaching. In addition to the presentation of their competences librarians and medical informatics university, to show their presence and active. It is also supporting the Ministry of Health and medical universities, medical librarians and creating new posts of employment, their potential for research use,

The purpose of this study is for increasing discussion and aspiration on subject librarians in Korea. ‘Subject librarian certification’ has an important effect on the existence of library as well as the sense of librarian’s pride. The KMLA (the Korean Medical Librarian Association) has been recognized as the institution which has produced medical subject librarian from 2003, currently the 4th medical librarian were produced in 2010. Furthermore, the KMLA is about to evaluate the nationally authorized qualification achievement to assert the medical librarian certificate. Accordingly, medical librarian certification needs to set up the basis on the certificate and also provide the diverse staff development programs to improve the quality and capability.

The purpose of this research is to examine the current conditions of bibliotherapy services of medical librari es, to conduct survey on the librarians of perception about bibliotherapy services, and based on the results of this survey, to provide basic data for bibliotherapy services of medical libraries. To do this, survey was conducted on 57 librarians of 57 medical libraries among the member libraries of the Korea Medical Library Association, and 57 librarians of 57 libraries responses were used for the final analysis. Through the results of this research, it can be seen that the librarians in the medical libraries perceive highly of providing bibliotherapy services for the users.

This research aims to measure the level of librarians’ human networks in places operated by a one-person librarian system among medical libraries in Korean hospitals and to analyze how the level of human network affects job satisfaction. After deriving the factors for measuring human network level and job satisfaction through literature reviews, the questionnaire was designed and the study was conducted using a web survey method using Google form. The survey was emailed to 60 one-person librarians in hospitals registered with the Korean Medical Library Association or the MEDLIS system, with a total of 31 librarians responding, with a response rate of 51.6%. The survey took two weeks from November 23 to December 7. Statistical verification to understand the relationship between the level of human network and job satisfaction of one-person librarian in hospitals showed that the higher the range (number of groups), frequency (frequency of contact), and intensity (degree of intimacy), excluding the size of the human network, the more positively the job satisfaction. Based on the results, in order to improve the job satisfaction of oneperson librarian in hospitals, the cooperative network to create a human network should be steadily expanded at the association, and hospital managers should be able to encourage librarians to actively participate in events including workshops. As a result, the association, managers, and librarians themselves should all make efforts to form an active human network.

This study aimed to examine the current conditions of reading advisory services of hospital libraries, to conduct survey on the librarian’s of recognotionn about reading advisory services, and based on the results of this survey, to provide basic data for reading advisory services of hospital libraries. To do this, email survey was conducted on 93 librarians of 80 hospital libraries among the member libraries of The Korean Medical Library Association, and 62 librarians of 50 hospitals responded to the survey and 2 responses from the administrative job group were excluded from those responses, so a total of 60 copies of responses were used for the final analysis. In this research, first, after investigating the current conditions of what kinds of reading support service the hospital libraries provide for the patients, the frequency analysis was conducted. The results of the analysis showed was very low with. Second, after investigating the questions about the perception of, and hindering factors for, the librarians’ reading support services, completing reading education courses, improvement of the system, establishing the support cooperation system, the frequency analysis, T-Test, ANOVA analysis were conducted. It can be seen that the librarians in the hospital libraries perceive highly of providing reading support services for the patients. It also can be seen that in order to provide the reading support services, In addition, the librarian’s desire to activate the reading support service is as follows: First, librarian’s recognition and attitude change, second, system improvement, and third, and third, the librarian’s reading education course is very important factor.

Purpose This study aims to highlight the role of librarians as an essential element in medical research. For this purpose, the primary research process was divided into three phases: before, during and after. Then, the roles of librarians associated with each phase were separated and the viewpoint of researchers and librarians on the importance of these roles were considered and compared. Design/methodology/approach This comparative, descriptive-causal research was conducted using the census method. Birjand University, a type-2 university in the field of Medical Sciences according to the rating of the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, was selected for the study. The participants were all faculty members and all librarians working in the university’s libraries. The data collection tool was a questionnaire made by authors. Its validity was confirmed by four professors of Library Science, and questionnaire design expert and its reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, using descriptive statistics. Findings From the perspective of researchers, awareness-raising for open access resources, determination of standard subject keywords on the basis of Medical Subject Headings for articles and scientific texts and using scientific research findings as a basis for preventing duplicate studies in future research are the most important roles for librarians in the three stages of medical research. From the perspective of librarians, the use of knowledge management skills, searching scientific information as review of the literature and also selecting standard keywords to search the databases and providing health-care professionals with the findings of latest scientific research have the highest place in the different stages of the research lifecycle. Originality/value The difference between the viewpoints of librarians and researchers about the role of medical librarians at the various stages of the research lifecycle shows that there are significant gaps between the librarians’ services and users’ expectations. It is expected that through learning modern professional skills, medical librarians can assume new roles in medical research and make their capabilities known and available to researchers.

The purpose of this study is to suggest ways to improve medical librarians’ educational programs to improve domestic medical library user services. To this end, the role of medical librarians was investigated, and the education areas were itemized, and then the MLA in the US and the KMLA in Korea were compared and analyzed. As a result, the improvement points for medical librarian education programs in Korea are: First, expansion of certification programs that select various types of education programs, education areas, education contents, and specialized fields, collaboration programs with related institutions, and education programs that advocate the value of KMLA are required. Second, there is a need for various educational programs in the current educational areas, such as ‘research support service’ and ‘education/education design/consultation’. In particular, it is necessary to provide ‘consumer health information service’ and ‘disaster information service’ for which there is no education at all. In addition, it is necessary to precede the establishment of regulations on the domestic medical librarian education curriculum for the education of various ‘information services in the field related to medicine’. Third, it is necessary to provide online education contents for librarians who have difficulty participating in face-to-face education.

Background: Ethical decision-making regarding data collection, visualization and communication is of growing importance to librarians, with special relevance to those in medical and data fields. Data ethics training opportunities for librarians, however, are uncommon. To fill this gap, librarians at an academic medical center developed a pilot data ethics curriculum for librarians across the U.S. and Canada. Case Presentation: Three medical librarians developed a pilot curriculum to address perceived gaps in librarian training for data ethics. One of the team members had additional academic training in ethics, which helped to provide an intellectual foundation for this project. The three-module class provided students with an overview of ethical frameworks, skills to apply those frameworks to data issues, and an exploration of data ethics challenges in libraries. Participants from library schools and professional organizations were invited to apply. Twenty-four participants attended the Zoom-based class and shared feedback through surveys taken after each session and in a focus group after the course’s conclusion. Discussion: Responses to the focus group and surveys indicated a high level of student engagement and interest in data ethics. Students also expressed a desire for more time and ways to apply what was learned to their own work. The need for more time was for both networking and extended discussion of class topics. Several students suggested creating concrete outputs of their thoughts (e.g., a reflective paper or final project). Finally, student responses expressed a strong interest in mapping ethical frameworks directly to challenges and issues librarians face.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world with a large part of the population in lockdown for months. Given the need medical teams have for information, clinical medical librarians have played an important role in searching for the best scientific evidence. The objective of this paper is to describe the role of librarians in Brazil during the pandemic in public and private hospital libraries and in the Health Technology Assessment Service. This is a case study report of the work of clinical medical librarians during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper is drawing on experience from three clinical medical librarians acting in the private hospital, philanthropic hospital and Health Technology Assessment Service in the city of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The report describes the activities of clinical librarians in providing clinicians with information on how to care for patients with COVID-19. In Brazil clinical medical librarians play an important role in supporting medical teams by identifying reliable sources of information and assisting with research.

This paper focused on theoretical health information outreach which is a pivotal role of the medical librarian to citizenship health empowerment. Dissemination of medical information and access is the service required as the predictor of unhindered medicalinformation. Accessing the information as means of the outreach is where the problems lie. This article identified approaches to information outreach, its challenges in perspective and strategies to enhance health information outreach by medical librarians using the resources in the Libraries as a key to citizenry healthy nation.

The article describe Norwegian medical librarians thoughts about trends and future developments. Results from a survey among library staff in medical and healthcare libraries in Norway in June 2022 are presented. Digital development, teaching and research support were highly emphasised, as well as the importance of physical library space, collaboration with own institution, and the library’s impact. Furthermore, the librarians also registered their competency needs within teaching and education, first line support, open science, evidence syntheses, and in cooperation and management. Our project indicates that employees in medical and health libraries are aware of trends and competency needs. These competency needs are essential to be addressed to providers of continuing education in order to offer relevant library services.

The article is based on the methodology of selecting publications for reviewing proposed earlier (see Scientific and Technical Journal. 2022. No. 11. Р. 56–82). This methodology enables to systematize the process of publication selection with the results cited in the protocol. The “embedded librarianship” concept definition is based on the activity component. Three subject vectors are high-lighted in visualization of the study subject scope, namely, librarians in medical environment, librarians in education, and librarians involved in scientific research. The conventional embedded librarian’s profile is formulated, with the professional functionality described and environment characterized. The specialist’s basic competences are information literacy and client orientation. Being complemented with unique competences, the basic skills enable the embedded librarians to transfer from the status of resource-users agent to that of research group full-fledged participant. The author suggests her adapted translations of the concept names.“Embedded librarianship” has substantial potential within the framework of scientific research information support in the form of reviews, which explains why the reviews are seen as an informative source, in particular for the librarians developing library programs with “embedded” information services. The concept may be used for organizing services in research and academic libraries.

Background and aims:Evidence based medicine (EBM) is a systematic process that allows physicians and decision makers to access the most reliable and up to date information for the well-being of their patients and the society. The support of medical librarians is essential in this process. The present article reviews the role of medical librarians in EBM in Iran.Methods:In this review, information was gathered by searching different databases including PubMed, Science Direct, SID, Google Scholar and Scopus by these key words: (clinical librarian OR medical librarian OR medical informationist) AND (Evidence-Based Medicine OR Evidence-based practice) AND Iran. Retrieved articles were screened and the relevant articles were chosen.Results:Performing a comprehensive search and choosing the best relevant information is an important step in EBM. Librarians and medical informationists play an important role in finding, screening and appraising relevant medical literature and supporting clinicians in answering their medical questions. However, little research has been done in Iran and their role has not been well valued even in university hospitals in Iran.Conclusion:Librarians and medical informationists have an important role in improving medical decision making and encouraging the use of up to date literature. They can also help by cooperating in teaching efficient search skills and holding appropriate evidence based medicine journal clubs. Librarians should be used more efficiently to improve the quality of medical services and decrease the cost of medical treatment in Iran.

From the beginning of the 21st century, medical information was rapidly changed into electronic form. Such a trend brought in another radical change of purchasing pattern of medical libraries and the access pattern of the users. Within the last four or five years, many medical libraries have changed their purchasing pattern from printed to electronic form. More users are beginning to depend on websites. While this phenomenon caused the librarians to reexamine their traditional duties, the users were showered with abundance of unattested information. The Asan Medical Library of the University of Ulsan has indentified the role of the medical librarian in the electronic information era and developed available services for the needs of the users. All these services are accessible on the web, being effective for the last five years. This study strived to discover users’ pattern of utilizing the medical information, the frequency of users’ visit, the degree of their satisfaction, and the need for such services, in order to find a better way of serving the medical professionals and to identify the role of the medical librarian in influx of the electronic informational era.

Objective: Health sciences librarians frequently engage in scholarly publication, both with other librarians undertaking intradisciplinary scholarship, and increasingly as members of research teams centered in other disciplines. We sought to assess the emotional and institutional context of authorship among health sciences librarians, including emotions experienced during authorship negotiation, the frequency with which authorship is denied, and the correlation of perceived support from supervisors and the research community with the number of publications produced. Methods: 342 medical and health sciences librarians took an online survey of 47 questions regarding emotions experienced when asking for authorship, denial of authorship, if they have been given authorship without asking, and the extent to which they felt supported to conduct research in their current job. Results: Authorship negotiation creates varied and complex emotions among librarians. The emotions reported differed when negotiating authorship with librarian colleagues and when negotiating authorship with professionals in another field. Negative emotions were reported when asking either type of colleague for authorship. Respondents reported feeling mostly supported and encouraged by their supervisors, research communities, and workplaces. Nearly one quarter (24.4%) of respondents reported being denied authorship by colleagues outside of their departments. Perceived research appreciation and support by the research community is correlated with the total number of articles or publications produced by librarians. Conclusions: Authorship negotiation among health sciences librarians involves complex and frequently negative emotions. Denial of authorship is frequently reported. Institutional and professional support appear to be critical to publication among health sciences librarians.

Objective – To examine the human resources environment in Canadian libraries in order to assess readiness to accommodate change and to identify opportunities for human resources planning. The “8Rs” of the study were defined as recruitment, retirement, retention, remuneration, repatriation, rejuvenation, re-accreditation, and restructuring. Design – This study was undertaken in three phases over nearly three years through the use a variety of methods including literature review, analyses of existing data (Statistics Canada and library school graduate data), telephone interviews (with senior library administrators), focus groups (with representatives from Canadian Association of Research Libraries, Canadian Urban Libraries Council and Alberta Association of Library Technicians), print surveys (library institutions) and web-based surveys (of professional librarians and paraprofessional library staff). Setting – Canadian libraries that are not component branches of a system, and that employ professional librarians. Subjects – Stage I: 17 senior library administrators participated in telephone interviews and three focus groups were conducted. Stage II: Surveyed library administrators representing institutions. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to ensure geographical representation from each of Canada’s provinces and territories. Full census participation was conducted for members of the Canadian Association of Research Libraries and the Canadian Urban Libraries Council. The print survey instrument was distributed to 1,357 subjects; 461 completed surveys were returned (response rate of 34% with results for the total sample accurate within plus or minus 3.8 per centage points, 95 times out of 100). Stage III: Surveyed professional librarians and paraprofessional staff. Multi-stage random sampling was used to ensure representation of library staff from all library sectors and sufficient sub-sample sizes. Of the 12,472 individuals in the sampling frame, 8,626 were notified of their selection to participate in the web-based survey. Corrections were made to e-mail addresses and 7,569 e-mail invitations with the survey URL were sent successfully. Of the 8,626 potential respondents, 3,148 librarians and paraprofessionals participated (for a response rate of 37%). A non-random Canada-wide call for participation was distributed to library staff who had not been represented in the sampling frame via the listservs of 56 library associations. This provided an additional 1,545 respondents and the total sample size increased to 4,693 for a confidence interval of plus or minus 1.2%, 95 times out of 100. The non-random data from the Canada-wide call was kept in a separate dataset file. Methods – Stage I began with a literature review and analysis of existing Statistics Canada and library school graduate data. Three focus group sessions with representatives from Canadian Association of Research Libraries, Canadian Urban Libraries Council and Alberta Association of Library Technicians were held and in-depth telephone interviews were conducted in May 2003 with 17 senior library administrators. Transcripts were thematically coded and summarised. The interview guide is available as Appendix E of the report. The results of Stage I were used to inform the design of the two survey instruments (Stages II and III). Stage II was a 17-page print survey informed by insights gathered in Stage I and was sent to library directors in the summer of 2003. The print mail-out of the institutional survey was sent to libraries that employed at least one librarian and were not a component branch of another system. A copy of the institutional survey is available as Appendix C of the report. Stage III was a web-based survey of librarians and paraprofessional library staff undertaken in the summer of 2004 using random and non-random sampling methods. This survey was developed from insights gathered in Stages I and II. A copy of the individual survey is available as Appendix D of the report. Main results – The analytical focus of the 275-page report is on the broad Canadian library sector. Data and analysis are provided by type of library, type of staff, and by geographical regions where sufficient response rates have allowed reporting. Although the role of the paraprofessional is examined in many sections of the report, the principal focus is on the professional librarian. Nine sections of the report present results, analysis and strategic human resource planning implications. Highlights for the broad Canadian library environment are briefly described below. Each section of the report provides further breakdown by library sector, type of position, career stage and other variables that provide significant insight. Workplace Demographic Characteristics (Section C) This section provides demographic information about those in supervisory or management roles (62% of librarians), union density (67% of librarians and 79% of paraprofessional staff), longevity in career, part-time employment, and gender, along with other characteristics. Results conclude that visible minorities and Aboriginal staff are under-represented across all types of libraries and that few libraries recognise the credentials of immigrant librarians. Recruitment to the Profession and to the Organization (Section D) Positive exposure to libraries and librarians is the best predictor of librarianship as a career choice and there were no significant differences in the original motivations for choosing the professional librarian career between new professionals and senior librarians. In response to the open-ended question about motivation for choosing librarianship, none of the librarian respondents (n=1,823) indicated leadership, managing libraries or supervising others as their reason (p. 52). Many respondents indicated reasons for choosing the profession that are in alignment with the values of librarianship, but few indicated reasons that reflect the real nature of the librarians’ role. The average age of new librarian recruits is 37 (with little variation between sectors). Thirty per cent of paraprofessionals are interested in pursuing an MLIS degree; 29 per cent are not interested because they are satisfied with their current role. The major barriers for paraprofessionals wishing to pursue the MLIS degree are inadequate or unrecognised credentials (21% - although 45% of paraprofessionals have an undergraduate degree), geographic distance (33%), lack of money (48%), and lack of time (49%). Eighty per cent of libraries report that the major barrier to recruiting is budget constraints; other barriers include small size of library (60%), organizational hiring freeze (54%), inadequate librarian pay (54%), geographic location (52%), inadequate pool of qualified candidates (51%), and inadequate pool of interested candidates (50%). The ten most important and difficult-to-fill competencies when recruiting varied significantly for each sector: leadership potential, ability to respond flexibly to change, and ability to handle high-volume workload were the three highest-ranked competencies across all libraries. Retirement (Section E) Canadian libraries experienced librarian retirements (11% of total current workforce) and paraprofessional retirements (7% of total current workforce) between 1997 and 2002. During this period, 79 per cent of librarians retired before age 65. Forty per cent of librarians over age 50 estimate that they will retire between 55 and 60. Only 9 per cent of libraries have a succession plan. Staff Retention: Inter- and Intra-organizational Mobility (Section F) Librarians are satisfied with their work and stay in their organization because they like the job (85%), co-workers (84%), and workplace (79%). Seventy-seven per cent of senior librarians and 87% of senior paraprofessionals have been at their current library for more than 10 years. Sixty-nine per cent of librarians believe they are qualified to move to higher level positions, but 69% of institutions state that limited librarian turnover contributes to a lack of promotional opportunities. Education (Section G) Seventy-five per cent library administrators agree that MLIS programs equip graduates with needed competencies, but 58% recommended that the programs provide more management, business and leadership training. Seventy-six per cent of administrators believe that they have little or no input into curriculum content of MLIS programs. Overall evaluation of MLIS education by recent librarian entrants is not positive. Only forty-four per cent indicated that the program provided a realistic depiction of the job, while only 36% said the program provided a realistic expectation of work in their library sector. Recent librarian entrants (67%) were satisfied with the overall quality of their MLIS program, but few indicated that their program provided them with the necessary management skills (25%), leadership skills (20%), or business skills (12%) for their position. Recent library technician entrants were more satisfied (81%) with their programs’ success in providing general skills (87%), and providing a realistic depiction of the job (72%). Continuing Education (Section H) New librarians (72%) need a significant amount of ongoing training, but only 56% believe that their institution provides sufficient training opportunities. Only 30% of libraries have a routine method for determining training needs of librarians and fewer (13 %) have an evaluation method for training outcomes. In most cases, about half of those who received training reported that it improved their job performance. Quality of Work and Job Satisfaction (Section I) Librarians and paraprofessionals are satisfied with their jobs (79% for each) and librarians (72%) and paraprofessionals (61%) agree that their salary is fair. Most libraries offer a wide range of benefits to their employees, including life insurance (95%), pension plan (92%), and medical benefits (88%). Librarians (80%) and paraprofessionals (70%) are satisfied with their benefits. Although a low percentage of librarians agreed that they have little job stress (24%) and only 39% found their workload to be manageable, 62% of librarians agree that their work allows work, family and personal life balance. The statistics are slightly more positive for paraprofessionals. There is a gap between the desire to be treated with respect (98% for all workers) and the perception that respect is conveyed (77% of librarians and 75% of paraprofessionals). A similar gap exists between desire to be involved in decision-making and actual involvement. The two most important factors for job satisfaction for all library workers are respectful treatment and a job that allows them to learn new skills and grow. Numerical Librarian Demand-Supply Match (Section J) Libraries hired more librarians than they lost in 2002, for a net three per cent increase. Many library administrators believe that there will be a five-year increased demand for librarians (77%) and paraprofessionals (81%). The short-term supply (next 5 years) of new librarians to replace departures due to retirements is predicted to have the capacity to fill 98 per cent of the current librarian positions; the capacity to replace library technicians is 99 per cent. The long-term supply (next 10 years) of new librarians to replace departures due to retirements is predicted to have the capacity to fill 89 per cent of the current librarian positions; the capacity to fill technician positions is identical. These predictions are based on no growth in the number of positions in the future. Match Between Organizational Job Function Demand and Individual Staff Supply of Skills, Abilities, Talents, Interests (Section K) Libraries report that increased use of information technologies (87%) and re-engineering (61%) have contributed the greatest change in the roles of librarians. Libraries report that more librarians have been required to perform a wider variety of tasks in the past five years (93%) and that this trend will continue over the coming five years (94%). A high percentage of libraries (86%) reported that over the past five years librarians have been expected to perform more management functions and 56% of mid-career and senior librarians believed this had occurred. Libraries (88%) believe that this trend will continue; only 44% of librarians indicate interest in performing management functions. Mid-career and senior librarians report that job stress has increased over five years ago. Requirements to work harder (55%), perform more difficult tasks (56%), perform a wider variety of tasks (69%), and perform more managerial functions (56%) are the contributing factors. The performance of a wider variety of tasks and more difficult tasks was significantly related to the assessment by librarians that their jobs were more enjoyable, interesting, rewarding and challenging. Institutions (78%) reported the increased need for paraprofessionals to perform librarian tasks over the past five years and believe that this will continue (77%). Only 28% of paraprofessionals believe they are currently required to perform more librarian tasks. Conclusion – The need to confirm the existence and magnitude of the crisis that will be created by upcoming retirements in Canadian libraries was a primary motivator for this study. Conclusive results were obtained that should inform each sector and geographic area in Canada. The percentages of staff over the age of 55 (librarians: 25%; paraprofessionals: 21%) is much greater than that of the Canadian workforce (11%). If there is no growth in the number of positions needed, there will be no short-term supply-demand crisis to fill the gaps left by retirements. There will be a librarian and technician shortage in ten years (a shortfall of 11% of the current supply) and a more significant crisis if the predicted growth in staffing is factored in. Recruitment to the librarian and technician professions is critical and the paraprofessional staff may be a potential pool of future MLIS candidates if the accessibility issues associated with the programs are addressed. Only nine per cent of organizations have a succession plan in place. There is great opportunity for the development of strategic solutions. In response to the open-ended question about motivation for choosing librarianship, no respondent indicated leadership, managing libraries or supervising others as their reason. This is of concern when 62% of librarians today work in a managerial role. Management and leadership skills are a significant concern for recent graduates, administrators, and librarians, with all indicating that the workplace needs are greater than the current preparedness. More cooperation with MLIS programs and professional associations is essential to ensure that leadership and management skill development are supported through the curricula and continuing education planning. Organizations must also develop and support a culture where leadership is encouraged and expected, and recognised. There is a need for further development of continuing education opportunities, and training needs assessment and outcome assessment programs may be beneficial. Paraprofessionals and new librarians are less satisfied with the workplace training opportunities available to them than librarians in later stages of their careers. Role change will continue in libraries and planning will be essential to ensure that restructuring reflects the competencies that will be needed in the new mix. Workload and job stress appear to be rising and will require careful monitoring. There may be opportunity to define roles for “other” professionals in libraries. Library staff have a tendency to stay in their institution for much of their career, making decisions in the recruitment and hiring processes of critical importance. Loss of employees due to turnover is not a problem for most libraries, but the lack of turnover has affected the promotional opportunities for those who desire upward mobility. An interesting recommendation was made that two or more libraries may realise both cost savings and benefits through the sharing of staffing resources. If issues surrounding credentials can be addressed, there may be a potential pool of future immigrant librarians.

Objective - Evidence based librarianship (EBL) springs from medical and academic origins. As librarians are tertiary educated (only occasionally with supplementary qualifications covering research and statistics) EBL has had an academic focus. The EBL literature has significant content from school and university perspectives, but has had little, if any, vocational content. This paper suggests a possible Evidence Based Librarianship context for vocational libraries. Methods - A multidisciplinary scan of evidence based literature was undertaken, covering medicine and allied health, librarianship, law, science and education. National and international vocational education developments were examined. The concept and use of evidence in vocational libraries was considered. Results - Library practice can generally benefit from generic empirical science methodologies used elsewhere. Different areas, however, may have different concepts of what constitutes evidence and appropriate methodologies. Libraries also need to reflect the evidence used in their host organisations. The Australian vocational librarian has been functioning in an evidence based educational sector: national, transportable, prescriptive, competency based and outcome driven Training Packages. These require a qualitatively different concept of evidence compared to other educational sectors as they reflect pragmatic, economic, employability outcomes. Conclusions - Vocational and other librarians have been doing research but need to be more systematic about design and analysis. Librarians need to develop ‘evidence literacy’ as one of their professional evaluation skills. Libraries will need to utilise evidence relevant to their host organisations to establish and maintain credibility, and in the vocational sector this is set in a competency based framework. Competency based measures are becoming increasingly relevant in school and university (including medical) education.

Delineated in nine chapters, this book covers everything from “soup to nuts,” starting with the history of interprofessional education (IPE) to actual case scenarios of program development, with two full chapters devoted to medical/health sciences librarians/libraries and IPE.

Background. Augmented reality (AR) is a digital layer in the physical environment, which adds virtual elements to the real world. Academic libraries must meet certain criteria to enter fourth-generation libraries, one of which is the use of new technologies. The aim of this study was to investigate academic librarians' views on the application of components of AR technology in the libraries of medical universities. Methods. The study was a cross-sectional survey study. The statistical population of the study included all librarians working at medical science universities in Iran. The sample size comprised 183 librarians who participated in the present research study. Quantitative research approach and research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Internal validity of the questionnaire was assessed through CVI and reliability was assessed, using ICC (validity within and between assessors). The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of 10 experts in the field of information science and AR technology and its reliability was obtained with Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient of 0.96 and test-retest method. Using the online questionnaire, the librarians' perspective data on the components of familiarity, facilities, application, advantages, opportunities and limitations were collected in the form of 5 Likert questions. Data analysis with SPSS software was used through independent t-test, ANOVA and Tukey to evaluate the status of AR technology components. Results. The general attitude of librarians towards the components of application, facilities, advantages, opportunities and limitations of AR technology was on the scale of five Likert options with an average total score of 3.75. 0.05. Overall, 73.65% of librarians agreed with AR technology and 86.99% agreed with its use component in the libraries of medical universities. The results of the Tukey test showed that more graduate students than those with doctoral degrees agreed with the component of facilities available in university libraries to launch AR. Librarians older than 50 years considered the AR component in library management and assistance to librarians to be more effective than those under 30 years of age (P <0.05). Conclusion. According to the results of the present study, the most important components for the use of AR technology in the libraries of medical universities to strengthen user education included the existence of appropriate content, usefulness, providing diverse services, user guidance, location and the opportunity to implement AR on a larger scale. The librarians' attitudes toward launching AR technology were favorable and they agreed with its applicability. Background Augmented reality (AR) is a digital layer in the physical environment, which adds virtual elements to the real world. Academic libraries must meet certain criteria to enter fourth-generation libraries, one of which is the use of new technologies. The aim of this study was to investigate librarians' views on the components of augmented reality technology in the libraries of medical universities. Methods The research method was survey and the type of study was applied. Quantitative research approach and research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population comprised 183 academic librarians in medical science universities under supervision of Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. Data was collected by using an online survey conducted with 52 questions to examine familiarity of librarians with AR, its application, potential advantages, opportunities, and challenges in medical science university libraries in 2021. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. This instrument had ten sections. It first examined the respondents' demographic information (age, sex, occupation, and level of education). The other sections examined their familiarity with AR technology (one question), the application of AR technology (12 questions), facilities and requirements of AR technology (four questions), acceptance of AR (three questions), advantages of AR (nine questions), helping with library management (seven questions), helping users (four questions), helping librarians (eight questions), AR technology limitations (one question), and AR technology opportunities (three questions). The reliability of an instrument is related to the degree of its stability in measuring the intended construct. To ensure the face and content validity, the questionnaire was examined and approved by several professors and experts, and then modified based on their comments. The internal validity of the questionnaire was assessed through CVI and its reliability was assessed using ICC (validity within and between assessors). The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of 10 experts in the field of information science and augmented reality technology and its reliability was obtained through test-retest method and the calculated Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient was 0.96. Using the online questionnaire, librarians' perspective data on the components of familiarity, facilities, application, advantages, opportunities and limitations were collected in the form of 5 Likert questions (from grade 1 strongly disagree to grade 5 strongly agree). Data analysis by SPSS software was used through independent t-test, ANOVA and Tukey to evaluate the status of augmented reality technology components. Results The librarians' overall attitude toward AR technology was assessed on a five-point Likert scale, with the mean of 3.75 and a standard deviation of 0.59. In general, they agreed with 73.65% of the ten items. Compared to other components, the application of AR technology had an average of 4.17(86.99%) and the highest score. The general attitude of librarians towards the components of application, facilities, advantages, opportunities and limitations of augmented reality technology was at a desirable level, 73.65% of librarians agreed with augmented reality technology and 86.99% agreed with its use component in the libraries of medical universities. The results of the Tukey test showed that more graduate students than those with doctoral degrees agreed with the component of facilities available in university libraries to launch augmented reality. Librarians older than 50 years considered the augmented reality component in library management and assistance to librarians to be more effective than those under 30 years of age (P <0.05). The ANOVA measured the relationship between the mean components of AR technology and the participants' age. According to Tukey's test, in terms of helping with library management, there was a significant difference (p-value = 0.007) in the age groups of >50 and <30 years, the score being higher in the >50 years' group. Based on Tukey's test, the relationship between librarianship and different age groups was evaluated, and the results showed a significant difference between the age groups of <30 and >50 years (p-value = 0.04). There was no significant difference between the components of AR technology based on the field of study. According to Tukey's test, the relationship between total score and different age groups was evaluated. The results indicated a significant difference between the average age groups of <30 years and >50 years (p-value =0.03). The total score was higher in the >50 years than the <30 years’ age group. Librarians' familiarity had an average of 3.02; 60.54% of them were familiar with AR technology. Thus, their familiarity with AR technology was above average (average=3 in Likert). To assess their views on the use of AR technology (application) in the libraries of medical universities, 12 sub-questions were asked about AR technology use, 83.48% of the librarians agreed with the AR applications in the library. Thus, their attitudes toward AR technology efficiency were at an optimal level. In terms of facilities and requirements for launching the AR technology, four items were provided in the questionnaire, 56.53% of the librarians agreed with the AR facilities and requirements in the academic library. Their attitudes towards facilitating the management of university libraries using technology were assessed via seven items about AR, 78.28% of the librarians agreed with all the statements. In terms of acceptance of technology, three items were provided in the questionnaire, 56.61% of the librarians agreed with the AR acceptance. Regarding the advantages of AR technology, nine items were provided in the questionnaire, 74.29% of the librarians agreed with the all items. Thus, their views on the benefits of technology in library management were at a desirable level. Eight questions in the category of helping librarians were asked and, the librarians agreed with all the statements (79.48%), showing a desirable level. The librarians were also asked about the specifics of AR technology for library users in four items. Based on the findings, a desirable level of agreement was found with all the statements (79.48%). One question was posed on the limits and challenges of AR technology, with 59.67% agreement, the agreement level was above average. The librarians also mentioned opportunities that AR technology conferred in three areas, 77.77% of them agreed with all of the statements. Conclusion Librarians' attitudes toward launching augmented reality technology were favorable and they agreed with its applicability. According to the results of the present study, the most important components of the use of augmented reality technology in the libraries of medical universities to strengthen user education included the existence of appropriate content, usefulness, providing diverse services, user guidance, location and opportunity to implement augmented reality on a larger scale. The application of AR technology, measured by 12 items from the point of view of librarians, had the highest score compared to other components. The librarians believe in the applicability of AR technology in different sections of the library. The benefits of AR technology for librarians are somewhat clear, and this is due to the nature of any technology and people's expectations of it. Therefore, based on the results, AR technology is potentially useful. According to the librarians, emerging technologies primarily create opportunities and facilitate works due to using new library software, databases, devices, and tools. University libraries must implement new equipment according to the needs of society to retain their users and disseminate information and knowledge to the audience as their main goal. The librarians' attitude toward AR technology was desirable. Practical Implications of Research The results of the study show that librarians acknowledge the applicability of emerging augmented reality technology. Improving the quality of library services, assisting librarians and the community of academic library users is done by librarians due to the acceptance of technology, so the libraries of medical universities can take steps to strengthen the specialized affairs of libraries by launching augmented reality technology in the library.Ethical Considerations In the present study, attention has been paid to all the items that are ethical requirements, including the condition of fidelity and honesty. Completion of the questionnaire did not require entering the name and the necessary assurance in the field of confidentiality had been given to the user. The participants’ consent had also been obtained before they participated in the study. Conflict of Interest There is no conflict of interest among the authors. Acknowledgment The present article is an excerpt from the doctoral dissertation entitled "Study of Augmented Reality Technology in the Libraries of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran" with the code 1202.8633. The authors of this article are grateful for the support of Payam-e-Noor University in conducting research and publishing this article, and for the esteemed reviewers who promoted the article.

A Review of: Boykan, R., & Jacobson, R. M. (2017). The role of librarians in teaching evidence-based medicine to pediatric residents. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 105(4), 355-360. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2017.178 Abstract Objective – To identify the use and role of medical librarians in pediatric residency training, specifically in the teaching of evidence-based medicine (EBM) to medical residents. This research also aims to describe current strategies used for teaching evidence-based medicine in pediatric residency training programs. Design – Web-based survey. Setting – Pediatric residency programs within the United States of America. Subjects – 200 members of the Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD). Methods – The 13-question, web-based survey used multiple choice and short answer questions to ask how pediatric residency programs used medical librarians. The survey collected demographic information such as program name, geographic region, and program size. Where respondents indicated their programs utilised librarians, the survey asked about their specific role, including involvement in EBM curricula. For respondents who indicated their programs did not use librarians, the survey asked about their reasons for not doing so, and to describe their EBM curricula. Researchers used SPSS software to analyse the quantitative data. Main Results – Overall 91 (46%) APPD-member program directors responded to the online survey. Of these, 76% of program directors indicated a formal EBM curriculum in their residency programs. Medical librarians were responsible for teaching EBM in 37% of responding pediatric programs. However, only 17% of responding program directors stated that medical librarians were involved in teaching EBM on a regular basis. The EBM skills most commonly taught within the pediatric residency programs included framing questions using PICO (population, intervention, comparator, outcome), searching for relevant research literature, and critical appraisal of studies. The strategies reported as most effective for teaching EBM in pediatric residency training programs were journal clubs, regular EBM conferences or seminars, and ‘morning reports.’ Conclusion – The study concluded that medical librarians may be important in the teaching of EBM in pediatric residency programs, but are likely underutilised. The librarian might not be seen has having a significant role in forums such as journal clubs, despite these being a predominant venue for EBM teaching. The authors recommend that program directors and faculty work together to better integrate medical librarians’ expertise into clinical teaching of EBM.

Medical librarians work collaboratively across all units and missions of academic medical centers. One area where librarians can provide key expertise is in the building and maintenance of Research Information Management Systems (RIMS). At Penn State, the RIMS implementation team has included a medical librarian, research administrators and marketing staff from the College of Medicine (CoM) since its inception in 2016. As our peer institutions implemented or expanded their own RIMS systems, the CoM team has responded to their questions regarding details about the Penn State RIMS instance. The goal of this commentary is to describe how the CoM team has worked collaboratively within Penn State to address questions related to research output, with special emphasis on details pertaining to questions from other institutions.

Social media has revolutionized means and modes of communication and has created a new information culture. As such social media has to be integrated in promoting library services and resources of the university libraries. An attempt to explore the usage of social media by university libraries was undertaken. The objectives of the study were to explore social networking tool usage in libraries with special reference to Facebook, to investigate the academic librarians’ attitudes towards the usefulness of Facebook as a social media networking tool, and to explore the problems/ issues related to using Facebook as a library promotional tool. This study was designed using quantitative research methodology. The data collection methods were postal questionnaire and observations. All 19 national university librarians were taken as study population. Facebook Pages belongs two libraries were observed under the following criteria: date of establishment, number of fans, basic information of the respective library they share, promoting the library services, important web links given etc. The response rate of 94.7% overall may be considered sufficient to allow valid conclusions to be drawn. 66.7% of the librarians were in the opinion that using a Facebook page in promoting library resources and services is important and another 33.3% said it is very important. Only 16.7% of the libraries own a Facebook Page for libraries, and rest of the libraries (83.3%) do not own such a page.

Abstract Objective – To determine if “the medical librarian with special skills and training in tested methods for approaching medical literature serve a valuable interface between the professional who is taking care of patients and the knowledge explosion in medicine wherein lies the key to better patient care” (p. 78). Design – Qualitative study involving the participant librarians keeping a reflective journal of all interactions with the subjects involved in the first 6 months of the study (September 1974 – March 1975). Setting – Hartford Hospital, Connecticut. Subjects – Teaching physicians, house staff, and medical students at Hartford Hospital. Methods – This pilot project, funded by a two-year grant from the U.S. Public Health service and the National Library of Medicine, placed three medical librarians (two full-time and one part-time) on rounds with pediatrics, medicine, and surgery teams. The librarians kept diaries to record “critical incidents” (p. 86), including the “acceptance of the program, its impact on patient care, its potential for changing the information seeking behavior of health professionals, and its usefulness for developing a core collection of clinical readings” (p. 86). Main Results – Despite a few physicians’ initial apprehension, each of the three clinical librarians recorded indications of acceptance by clinical staff, including a dramatic increase in literature search requests; increased phone calls, drop-ins, pages, and requests for research assistance; and gestures of acceptance from house staff and students. More broadly, the literature searches in Lamb’s report identifies direct patient care (including to “resolve a debate” (p. 84)), medical teaching/education, and searching techniques for clinicians. It is implied that these interactions resulted in a higher profile of the resources and services offered through the library; as one patron queried, “Would you show me how to find articles and where everything is in the library sometime?” (p. 83). Conclusions – The authors state that while their conclusions are only preliminary and no firm conclusions can be drawn, there are four observations of note: 1. The clinical librarian can be accepted as part of a patient care teaching team by contributing to educational activities. 2. The clinical librarian provides quick and useful information to assist in the decisions and management of patient problems. 3. There is an opportunity to strengthen and modify the information seeking behavior of the health professional. 4. As patient care questions recur, there is a need for a “patient care information system” which can be initiated and supported through the provision of photocopied articles (p. 86).

A Review of: Bullers, K., Howard, A. M., Hanson, A., Kearns, W. D., Orriola, J. J., Polo, R. L., & Sakmar, K. A. (2018). It takes longer than you think: Librarian time spent on systematic review tasks. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 106(2), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2018.323 Abstract Objective – To investigate how long it takes for medical librarians to complete steps toward completion of a systematic review and to determine if the time differs based on factors including years of experience as a medical librarian and experience completing systematic reviews. Design – Survey research as a questionnaire disseminated via email distribution lists. Setting – At institutions that are members of the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) and librarians at Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) or American Osteopathic Association (AOA) member institutions. Subjects – Librarians of member institutions who have worked on systematic reviews. Methods – On December 11, 2015, AAHSL library directors and librarian members of AAMC and AOA were sent the survey and the recommendation to forward the survey to librarians on staff who have worked on systematic reviews. Reminders were sent on December 17, 2015, and the survey closed for participation on January 7, 2016. Participants who had worked on a systematic review within the past five years were asked to indicate experience by the number of systematic reviews completed, years of experience as a medical librarian, and how much time was spent, in hours, on the following: initial consultations/meetings; developing and testing the initial search strategy; translating the strategy for other databases; documenting the process; delivering the search results; writing their part of the manuscript; other tasks they could identify; and any instruction (i.e., training they provided to team members necessary for completion of the systematic review). Participants also further broke down the amount of their time searching, by percentage of time, in various resources, including literature indexes/databases, included studies’ references, trial registers, grey literature, and hand searching. Participants were also given space to add additional comments. The researchers reported summary statistics for phase one and, for phase two, excluded outliers and performed exploratory factor analysis, beginning with principal components analysis (PCA), followed by a varimax rotation, to determine if there was a relationship between the time on tasks and experience. Main Results – Of the 185 completed responses, 105 were analyzed for phase one because 80 responses were excluded due to missing data or no recent experience with a systematic review. The average respondent had between 1 and 6 years of experience: 1-3 years in librarianship (49.5%) and 4-6 years (23.8%). The time reported for completion of all tasks ranged from 2 to 219 hours with a mean of 30.7 hours. Most of the variance (61.6%) was caused by “information processing” and “interpersonal instruction/training” components. Search strategy development and testing had the highest average time at 8.4 hours. Within that category, databases accounted for 78.7% of time searching, followed by other searching methods. For remaining systematic review tasks, their averages were as follows: translating research (5.4 hours), delivering results (4.3 hours), conducting preliminary consultations (3.9 hours), instruction (3.8 hours), documentation (3.0 hours), additional tasks that were written-in by respondents (2.2 hours), and writing the manuscript (1.8 hours). The most common written-in tasks were development of inclusion/exclusion criteria, critical appraisal, and deduplication. Other write-ins included retrieving full-text articles, developing protocols, and selecting a journal for publishing the systematic review. For the second phase of analysis, 12 responses were excluded as extreme outliers, and the remaining 93 responses were analyzed to detect a relationship between experience and time on task. Prior systematic review experience correlated with shorter times performing instruction, consultation, and translation of searches. However, librarian years of experience affected the percentage of time on task, where greater years of experience led to more time spent consulting and instructing than the percentage for librarians with fewer years of experience. Librarians with greater than 7 years of experience skewed trends toward shorter time on task, and, with their data excluded, years of experience showed weak positive correlation with instruction and consultation. Conclusion – Because the average librarian participating on systematic review teams has had few prior experiences and because the times can vary widely based on assigned roles, duties, years of experience, and complexity of research question, it is not advised to establish expectations for librarians’ time on task. This may be why library administrators have disparate expectations of librarians’ involvement in systematic reviews and find it difficult to allocate and anticipate staff time on systematic review projects. While it may not be possible to set specific overarching guidelines for librarians’ expected time on systematic review tasks, librarian supervisors and library directors planning for their staff to offer systematic review services should work to develop extensive understanding of the steps for conducting and assessing systematic reviews in order to better estimate time commitments.

In this environment of expanding information needs，rising journal cost, and curtailed financial resources, medical libraries must take advantages of interlibrary cooperation and document delivery services. There are exciting developments in transmission technology, from fax machine to scanners to the Internet. Theses changes require reevaluation of interlibrary loan(ILL) and document delivery systems on many levels, including pricing structures, work flow, and impact on collection development. As commercial vendors develop increasingly effective products, librarians can test, evaluate, and incorporate them into their ILL operations to enhance service to users and relieve the pressure to acquire new resources. In this way, librarians can move collection to the “just in case” practice of building an on-site collection to the “just in time” model of providing timely delivery of materials to users as needed. The purpose of this study is to establish a model of interlibrary cooperation system and cooperation plans for document delivery in Korean medical libraries. An interlibrary cooperation system and plans suggested in this study will help medical libraries to share medical periodicals efficiently and relieve the pressure to acquire new resources.

Objective – To describe the self-perceived role of librarians in developing evidence based medicine (EBM) curricula and identify their current and desired level of training to support these activities. Design – Multi-institutional qualitative study. Setting – Nine medical schools in Canada and the United States of America. Subjects – Nine librarians identified by medical school faculty as central to the provision of EBM training for medical students at their institution. Methods – The researchers designed a semi-structured interview schedule based on a review of the literature and their own experiences as librarians teaching EBM. The topics covered were; librarians’ perceptions of their roles in relation to the curriculum, the training required to enable them to undertake these roles, and their professional development needs. The interviews were conducted by telephone and then audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The authors present five main themes; curricular design, curricular deployment, curricular assessment, educational training, and professional development. Profiles were developed for each participant based on the latter two themes and from this information common characteristics were identified. Main Results – The participants described the importance of collaboration with faculty and student bodies when designing a curriculum. Information literacy instruction and specifically literature searching and forming a research question were taught by all of the participants to facilitate curricular deployment. Some of the librarians were involved or partly involved in curricular assessment activities such as formulating exam questions or providing feedback on assignments. Educational training of participants varied from informal observation to formal workshops offered by higher education institutions. All librarians indicated a willingness to partake in professional development focused on teaching and EBM. The subjects’ perceptions of their roles are supported by Dorsch and Perry’s themes of the librarian’s role in curricular design, deployment, and assessment. The educational training received by participants included formal training and experiential and self-directed learning activities. Finally, the librarians identified their professional development needs going forward. The majority of participants indicated that they would like to attend workshops run by universities or the Medical Library Association. Others wanted to invite and host guest speakers at their own institutions. Librarians identified financial restraints and geographic location as barriers to attending professional development events. Conclusion – Librarians can be actively involved in the delivery of EBM instruction in medical schools. However, they require additional educational opportunities to enable them to develop in this role. Online training could be a viable option for self-directed learning to overcome financial and geographic constraints.

On December 6, 2013, the Historical Medical Library of The College of Physicians of Philadelphia convened, as part of its 225th Anniversary celebration, the symposium entitled “Emerging Roles for Historical Medical Libraries: Value in the Digital Age.” Sponsored in part by a Library Project Award from the National Network of Libraries of Medicine Middle Atlantic Region, this event offered a rare opportunity for librarians and researchers to discuss collectively the challenges and opportunities presented by the digital age.1The fact that the College Library chose to celebrate its past by hosting a conference centered on planning strategically for the future . . .

The Purpose of this study is to develop a course for prospective medical librarian education. Three research methods was used step by step. First, the survey was conducted to examine the status and education environment of medical librarian. Second, through consulting with two competent medi cal librarians, information which need to course development and then two courses was developed. Third, the effectiveness of the courses examined through interviews with students. As a result, two courses prospective medical librarian education was developed, and students were considered strange in the courses, utilizing the medical drama to learn medical terminology was impressive to students, and overall increased understanding of the medical librarian. Based on the development and operational practices of two courses, concluded that medical librar ian education in the LIS undergraduate curriculum is possible.

Information science is a fast-changing field, and medical librarians need to develop their roles to meet the users’new requirements. The professional development becomes a major challenge, not only regarding the core activities, but also in the way librarians and users can learn in a more innovative way. In order to invent new tools for training, a group of librarians with different backgrounds decided to create a game inspired by the “Bucket ofdoom”, which is described as a “Card game that meets storytelling with a sprinkling of comedy”. This adapted version for health libraries will face players with real professional situations. To overcome each challenge and have fun, librarians must use their experience and imagination with a high dose of creativity and humour.

Aim: To explore the most used Web 2.0 tools for health information during COVID-19, to identify the most used social media tool for health information during COVID-19 and to explore the type of health information explored on social networking sites Method: The present study specifically explored the librarians' approach to using social networking sites for the provision of information services. The present study measured librarians' use of social networking sites to provide health information quantitatively. For this purpose, a structured questionnaire was used to survey librarians of university libraries in Punjab.` Results: The results of the study validated that information professionals are keen and active in using social media for seeking out health information and also rely on more personal networks like WhatsApp. They searched for COVID-19-related information mostly other than fetching out general information. For this reason, we mostly relied on discussion groups, not random information-seeking. This shows their level of committed indulgence in these social media platforms, and they used their information literacy skills to seek health information. Conclusion: University librarians are an essential and vital element of any university, and they should be investigated in order to improve their services and resources to meet the demands of their users and researchers. Keywords: Health Information Seeking; Health resources, Social Networking Site; Covid-19

This article examines recent medical library grants and funds information which will be practically helpful to medical librarians in Korea. Various medical library grants information in the United States in this article will be useful for establishing related funds policies in Korea. It will also provide a good opportunity for potential applicants, who work at medical libraries in Korea.

Purpose The environments of the library under open access (OA) are distinctively found as less expensive which ultimately reciprocates better services and technological support for the users as well. Focussing on the Librarians’ perspective, the purpose of the study is to highlight and establish a balance between the vision of OA initiatives and the support of Librarians in India. The principal and philosophy of the study are based upon the exploration of open source initiatives and their significance among the Library & Information Science community. Design/methodology/approach The study reflects the historical perspective of OA in India and around the world. The study further focusses on how the OA movement has taken a leap in adaptability by the librarians on the basis of acceptance model given. Considering the reviews of the librarians, the study reflects the librarians support OA initiatives in India. OA is a “provocation to thought”, it is a “social contract”. Findings Exploring beyond the researchers have come across that OA is a belief where knowledge evolves best when shared. Based on the acceptance the study given significant. It describes the librarian’s attitude while embracing the OA model with an increased acceptance towards OA, which supports in building Institutional Repositories and broadening the research horizons based on budgetary implications. The librarians and libraries adopt and work to build up a resilient model for OA to bring out awareness among the users. Research limitations/implications The scope of the study is limited to Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. The focus of the study is purposely laid down on the three given states of India keeping in mind Delhi being a capital city of India, Uttar Pradesh being the largest state of India (area wise) and Haryana state, which opened up multiple educational opportunities for the students and researchers Rajiv Gandhi Educational city plans to host many educational institutions including medical and engineering institutions. Practical implications The study describes the librarian’s attitude while embracing the OA model with an increased acceptance towards the OA, which supports in building Institutional Repositories and broadening the research horizons based on budgetary implications. The librarians and libraries adopt and work to build up a resilient model for OA to bring out awareness among the users. Social implications The present study brings out the need of different policies and mandates by Government of India for OA along with University Grants Commission, National Knowledge Commission and Research Organisation to promote the culture of OA. The study further recommends that LIS communities come together and build the learning culture to promote limitless sharing of information and knowledge for scholarly society. Originality/value This research work aims to make a difference in highlighting the librarians’ support on OA initiatives in India due to the role of librarians on transitional point. Dissemination and management of information using digital technology during pandemic have had a significant impact on divided environment. With this paradigm shift, the world struggles with the pandemic. The librarians try to keep themselves in pace by embracing the technology and LIS professionals do adopt the radical reventure the info technology.