Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medical instruments and apparatus Standards'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Medical instruments and apparatus Standards.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Medical instruments and apparatus Standards.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Krzyuy, Ariadne Maria. "Estudo comparativo das aplicações dos objetos de teste Eurospin e American College of Radiology no controle de qualidade em ressonância magnética." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1179.
Full textAbstract:
A Ressonância Magnética (RM) é um método de diagnóstico por imagem que apresenta vantagens em relação aos demais métodos, o que fez com que o número de equipamentos instalados nos grandes centros brasileiros aumentasse 88% nos últimos 5 anos e cerca de 508% nos últimos 15 anos, o que demonstra a importância dessa modalidade como meio de diagnóstico por imagem. Para garantir uma imagem médica com qualidade diagnóstica, é necessário que os equipamentos sejam monitorados quanto à qualidade das imagens que produzem. Por isso, com o objetivo de manter a qualidade das imagens médicas em seu mais alto nível e assegurar o bom funcionamento dos equipamentos, é que são implementados programas de Controle de Qualidade (CQ) em RM. No Brasil, há poucos trabalhos publicados discutindo os procedimentos para o CQ em RM e não existem normas nacionais para sua regulamentação. A normatização e recomendação sobre CQ em equipamentos de RM se restringe a trabalhos de organizações internacionais. Os objetos de teste comercialmente disponíveis mais conhecidos são o objeto de teste (OT) Eurospin e o American College of Radiology (ACR), sendo que diversos grupos de pesquisa internacionais têm publicado trabalhos sobre o CQ em RM com resultados promissores utilizando esses objetos. O objetivo desse trabalho é estudar a metodologia de utilização dos objetos de teste Eurospin e ACR, comparando as diferenças de execução dos testes, resultando em um material de orientação para utilização destes objetos de teste na rotina de CQ em RM. Os parâmetros de qualidade – razão sinal ruído (RSR), uniformidade, distorção geométrica, espessura de corte, posição de corte, resolução espacial de alto contraste, porcentagem do sinal fantasma e detecção de baixo contraste – foram avaliados e executados em dois equipamentos de RM de 1,5 T com os objetos de teste ACR e Eurospin. Os dois equipamentos de RM utilizados apresentaram resultados de todos os testes dentro dos critérios de aceitação. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram alcançados, visto que foi possível estudar a metodologia de utilização dos objetos de teste Eurospine ACR e comparar as formas de execução, tendo sido elaborado um protocolo operacional para realização do CQ em RM.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a method of diagnostic imaging which has advantages over other methods, which caused the number of installed equipment in the large Brazilian centers increased 88% over the past 5 years and about 508% in the last 15 years, which shows the importance of this method as a diagnostic imaging modality. To ensure medical imaging with diagnostic quality, it is necessary that the equipment is monitored for quality of the images they produce. Therefore, in order to maintain the quality of medical images at the highest level and ensure the proper performance of equipment, are implemented Quality Control (QC) programs in MRI. In Brazil, there are few works published discussing the procedures for the QC in MRI and there are no national standards for its regulation. The standardization and recommendation on QC in MRI is restricted to the work of international organizations. The best-known commercially available test objects are the test object (TO) Eurospin and the American College of Radiology (ACR), and several international research groups have published studies on QC in MRI with promising results using these objects. The aim of this work is to study the methodology of use of the test objects Eurospin and ACR, comparing the differences in test implementation, resulting in a guidance material for use of the test objects in the QC routine in MRI. The quality parameters – signal noise ratio (SNR), uniformity, geometric distortion, slice thickness, slice position, high-contrast spatial resolution, percentage of ghost signal and low contrast detection – were evaluated and performed in two MRI equipment of 1.5 T with the test objects ACR and Eurospin. The two MRI systems showed results of all tests within the acceptance criteria. The objectives of this study were achieved, since it was possible to study the methodology of using Eurospin and ACR test objects and compare the performance, and an operational protocol guide for performing the QC in MRI was developed.
2
Moraes, Fábio Brignol de. "Avaliação das emissões conduzidas e radiadas geradas por unidade eletrocirúrgica e sistema de iluminação com lâmpadas fluorescentes em equipamentos médicos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/797.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre interferência eletromagnética, emissões radiada e conduzida, gerados pelo sistema de iluminação e pela unidade de eletrocirurgia (bisturi eletrônico) numa sala cirúrgica de um hospital da cidade de Pato Branco/PR. O trabalho consistiu em medidas de emissões conduzidas e radiadas de sistemas de iluminação fluorescentes em laboratório e de emissões conduzidas e radiadas “in loco” da unidade de eletrocirurgia. Além disso, foi feito estudo de referenciais sobre as normas, nacionais e internacionais, que incidem sobre estes dois sistemas. Como resultado do trabalho tem-se um panorama sobre a situação das emissões conduzidas e radiadas, pelos sistemas de iluminação fluorescente e unidade eletrocirúrgica utilizados no hospital.This work presents a study on electromagnetic interference radiated and conducted emissions generated by the lighting system and the electrosurgery unit (eletric scalpel) in na operating room of a hospital in Pato Branco / PR. The work consisted of measurements of conducted and radiated emission of fluorescent lighting systems in the laboratory of conducted and radiated “in loco” electrosurgery unit emissions. Futhermore, a study was made of references on standarts, national and international, that focus on these two systems. Because of the work, has an overview on the situation of conducted and radiated emissions, the fluorecent lighting used in electrosurgical unit and hospital systems.
3
Sutcliffe, Laura Francesca Rose. "Environmentally conscious design of medical devices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610758.
Full text
4
Johnson, Jonathan. "Managing technology feasibility within the medical device industry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648198.
Full text
5
Murphy, Robert S. "The design of safety-critical medical infusion devices." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2007. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-design-of-safetycritical-medical-infusion-devices(1557c702-3087-43f9-a399-99a9ba65ae9b).html.
Full textAbstract:
Intravenous infusion devices - commonly known as infusion pumps - provide clinicians with mechanisms to automate the accurate dosing of potent fluid therapies to critically ill patients. In critical care applications, fluid dosing must be both accurate and safe since unwanted flow disturbance can cause physiological harm to the patient. This study consists of three discrete projects based on these vital themes of safe device design and accurate fluid delivery. The first project, commissioned by Medical Magnetics Ltd during the period 1998 onwards, proposed that the fail-safe design philosophy universally used in the design of infusion pumps, and implemented in embedded software, is lengthy and provides the manufacturer with difficulties in demonstrating the exhaustive fail-safe validation needed for an instrument to be released speedily for sale. An alternative and innovative strategy employing the design of hardware modules and using re-configurable VLSI, is proposed and shown to offer a significant reduction of the design and validation phase of development with consequent financial benefit to the manufacturer. The second project conducted as part of the Manukau Institute Research Programme for 2003 examined the manner in which dosing accuracy is assessed for infusion pumps. The International Standard used by clinicians to select apparatus suitable for treatment of 'critically-ill' patients is shown to be flawed and potentially misleading - a finding of international significance. An innovative mathematical simulation model is described that enables prediction of flow accuracy for various expected operating scenarios previously impossible to investigate using current laboratory measurement techniques. Use of this simulation model indicates that various mechanical design factors influencing system compliance and hence dosing accuracy have been previously ignored by designers and suggests that contemporary infusion pump designs are far from optimum. These findings offer an explanation for instances of dosing error previously reported in the clinical literature and are of international value. The third project of the study utilises the findings of, and is subsequent to, the second project. An innovative design is proposed for an infusion therapy device in which dosing accuracy may be maintained under operating conditions such as height change and patient venous pressure variation that cause unwanted errors in conventional equipment designs. This design is the subject of patent application, commercial exploitation and further development.
6
Seagrave, Susanne M. "The role of expensive technologies in the new medical marketplace /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9906474.
Full text
7
Çetin, Aslı Seçkin Yavuz. "Applying product design methods to medical device design with a case study on home care devices/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2004. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/endustriurunleritasarimi/T000449.pdf.
Full text
8
Slevar, Amy E. "Mechanical fatigue in a magnetically levitated axial blood pump /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/4893.
Full text
9
Amaral, Pedro Vasconcelos Maia Do. "Spatial structure of health equipment in Brazil." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608168.
Full text
10
Ronne, Luke John Thomas. "Design considerations and analysis of a bioreactor for application in a bio-artificial liver support system." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04242008-093504/.
Full text
11
Chow, Lee-lee. "Association of APACHE II scores with risk of device associated infection in an intensive care unit." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41709731.
Full text
12
Zia, Beenish. "Electronic Pillbox Logger for people with Parkinson's Disease." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/189.
Full textAbstract:
Parkinson' Disease (PD) is a motor disorder characterized by rigidity, tremor, and hypokinesia with secondary manifestations like defective posture and gait, mask like face and dementia. Over the years it may lead to inability to move, breath and ultimately patient may succumb to chest infection and embolism. Prevalence studies show that more than six million people around the world suffer from PD. At present, there is no cure for PD but there are effective treatments that can slow the progression of the disease and regulate its affects. PD results from a deficiency of dopamine so most drugs that produce a salutary effect in PD either potentiate dopamine or work as dopamine agonists. Hence, to keep the symptoms of PD to a minimum it is very important that the medications be consumed regularly, so that the dopamine level is maintained in the body of the subject. Electronic pillbox logger is a device that has been designed to ensure this very much required medication adherence in PD subjects, which can also be used to measure the response to oral medication. This work describes the design and implementation of an electronic pillbox logger for use by people suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD). The pillbox logger is designed to track medication adherence and prompt the user to take medication on time. It is pocket-sized, portable, and compartmented. It has a variety of alarm systems to remind the user to take the correct dose of their medication at the correct time. Most importantly, it keeps an electronic log of the time of dosage consumption by detecting the presence/absence of pills in the pillbox. This overcomes major limitations of other pillboxes with a logging function that are often too large to carry, contain a single compartment, or only record the time the container was opened rather than the presence or absence of pills. The proposed pillbox logger complements a wearable device under development for people with Parkinson's disease that continuously monitors impaired movement. The combination of the pillbox logger with the wearable sensor will permit clinicians to determine the response to oral therapies, which can be used to optimize therapy. People with PD consume similar pills throughout the day hence the pillbox logger has been designed to detect the presence/absence of pills in general in the pillbox rather than which specific pills are absent or present in the pillbox logger. This feature of the current design that the device records knowledge about pills in general in the pillbox logger and not about any specific pills is a major reason why the current design is specific to PD subjects only. However, though the current design of the pillbox logger is designed for people with Parkinson's Disease, the pillbox is suitable for other maladies in which the timing of the medication is critical. The described pillbox logger was built and the design was validated after running a number of tests. The battery powered pillbox logger is able to accurately store the information about the actual presence/absence of pills in each compartment of the pillbox. It is capable of sending out reminder alarms at the right time of the day and can be connected to a host computer using a USB cable to read the stored information from it. The proper functional working of the pillbox logger after thorough testing proves that the design of pillbox logger was successful.
13
Pathak, Shantanu Chaturvedi. "Characterization of plasma-polymerized polyethylene glycol-like films." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31789.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Dr. Dennis W. Hess; Committee Member: Dr. Clifford L. Henderson; Committee Member: Dr. J. Carson Meredith; Committee Member: Dr. L. Andrew Lyon; Committee Member: Dr. Mark R. Prausnitz. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
14
Galve, Salgado Miguel. "Impact of medical equipment tracking in a health care system." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4639.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
15
周莉莉 and Lee-lee Chow. "Association of APACHE II scores with risk of device associated infection in an intensive care unit." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41709731.
Full text
16
Cezo, James. "Aortic valve performance with transaortic ventricular cannula /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10830.
Full text
17
Tan, Zhen. "Low noise heart sound acquisition in wearable system for individual-centered CVD diagnosis." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691773.
Full text
18
Tarabein, Karim A. "Towards the automatic control of laser ablation for surgical applications." Digital WPI, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1325.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this thesis is to propose and investigate a method of predicting depth of a laser dissection pulse in soft tissue without acquiring material properties of the tissue target or measuring the laser output. The method proposed is similar to what is used by laser surgical operators today, but uses regression learning to perform on-the fly predictions in place of a skilled laser surgeon. Power of the laser and the ablation depth were recorded for 57 samples and fed into the regression algorithm. Data exclusion was performed using Temperature before laser action as criteria. A linear and logarithmic model was explored using random points from the data post-exclusion, validation RMSE ranged from 135-200 micrometer. A linear and logarithmic model was explored using data points below a moving power threshold and validated with data points above said threshold, validation RMSE ranged from 108-170 micrometer. The t.test performed showed there was not a significant difference between the linear and the logarithmic models' goodness of fit metrics, but it did show there was a significant difference between the model building methods (randomly selected data points, moving power threshold). The method of building a model using lower power levels to predict larger power levels had better goodness of fit metrics than the method of selecting data points at random. In the future, this method could be used to help approximate the laser settings for surgery on a procedural basis, and allow for surgeons to perform at a higher skill level with less training.
19
Gomez, Arnold David. "Control of a magnetically levitated ventricular assist device /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10611.
Full text
20
Taylor, Stephanie C. "The bare necessities? : a comparative study of the material evidence for Roman medical practice in urban domestic and army spheres /." St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/400.
Full text
21
Lee, Sang-Young. "The role of design in home-based health-care equipment." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4807.
Full text
22
Edery, Betty. "L'action de groupe est-elle une procédure adaptée à la responsabilité du fait des produits médicaux aux Etats-Unis?" Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81469.
Full textAbstract:
The use of medical devices and drugs is constantly increasing in the United States. New techniques are developed, pharmaceutical companies manufactured thousands drugs and medical devices each year, these products are put on the market immediately; therefore, the consequences can be terrible.In the US, thousands even millions of people suffer from personal injuries because they use a defective medical product; this is referred as a mass tort. The class action procedure is often used in order to repair these personal injuries. Plaintiffs always ask for the use of this procedure, but the federal American courts always refuse the certification of the class because the conditions of Rule 23(b)(3) are not fulfilled. This is what is called "the new trend of American courts".
The non application of the class action procedure leads to terrible results; victims of a defective medical product cannot receive compensation for the injury they are suffering from. These victims choose the class action procedure because of its advantages, if the class action is not certified they won't sue individually. If the real problem was the non respect of Rule 23(b)(3)'s conditions, a modification or a reform of the Rule would have been done. Unfortunately the laxity of the federal judges tends to influence the American Congress who ignores the need for a reform of this rule. This makes us wonder what the real justifications motivating this refusal of certification are.
23
Albrecht, Lucimara. "Máquinas lavadoras ultrassônicas de instrumentos odontológicos, médicos e cirúrgicos: avaliação do desempenho do processo de limpeza." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/517.
Full textAbstract:
A limpeza de instrumentos odontológicos, médicos e cirúrgicos (IOMC) em máquina lavadora ultrassônica (MLUS) utiliza energia mecânica (vibrações sonoras - cavitação), química (soluções detergentes) e térmica (temperatura) associadas ao tempo de exposição. A eficácia deste processo é certificada por meio de testes de controle recomendados por normas internacionais. Neste estudo buscou-se avaliar o desempenho da MLUS quanto aos parâmetros mínimos aceitáveis nas condições práticas de uso através de testes descritos em normas e discutir os fatores de interferência durante o processo que podem comprometer a eficiência da limpeza dos IOMC. Uma pesquisa inicial analisou as condições operacionais da MLUS por meio de questionário auto-aplicado nos estabelecimentos assistenciais à saúde (EAS) de Curitiba mostrando amplo uso da MLUS, com procedimentos técnicos de preparo do processo de limpeza, relação de tempo/temperatura e perfil dos ciclos com a carga de acordo com recomendações da literatura. Entretanto, não houve consenso sobre testes e normas técnicas a serem aplicadas. Assim, foram realizados testes de tiras e folhas de alumínio, indicadores químicos Sono Check® e TOSI® Lum Check para instrumentais canulados baseados em normas internacionais. Os resultados mostraram que todas as folhas de alumínio testadas apresentaram padrão uniforme de perfurações (100%), indicando a eficiência da cavitação. Nas tiras de folhas de alumínio houve perfurações semelhantes na maioria delas (89%) e uma apresentou poucas alterações (11%) apontando falhas no teste e/ou no funcionamento do equipamento. Em 3 testes de indicadores químicos Sono Check® foi obtido resultado positivo (37,5%), em outros três houve demora na alteração da cor mas acabaram positivos (37,5%) e dois indicadores de 2 testes não alteraram a cor (25%). Os resultados positivos (75%) comprovaram a eficácia da atividade ultrassônica e os negativos indicaram pontos cegos no processo de cavitação, o que pode ser atribuído a fatores interferentes na limpeza como: uso da mesma solução de limpeza em vários ciclos, tipo e disposição da carga, nível de preenchimento da solução no tanque, temperatura e divergência das ondas ultrassônicas entre instrumentais e paredes do equipamento. Os resultados dos testes TOSI® Lum Check foram negativos pois apresentaram resíduos de fibrina na superfície das placas de aço que pode estar relacionado a um reduzido tempo de exposição, temperatura não adequada, qualidade da água, diluição incorreta da solução de limpeza, teste mal posicionado, sobrecarga e/ou carga incorreta de IOMC e ineficiência da solução limpante. Concluiu-se que os testes de controle comprovam a eficácia da atividade ultrassônica na limpeza e detectam falhas no desempenho da MLUS atribuídas a fatores interferentes citados e para tanto é recomendado a elaboração de uma norma técnica no Brasil com a implementação da monitoração da atividade ultrassônica para a garantia da qualidade do processo de limpeza ultrassônica.The cleaning of dental, medical and surgical instruments (DMSI) with ultrasonic cleaning equipment (UCE) makes use of mechanical (sound vibrations – cavitation), chemical (detergent solutions) and thermal (temperature) energies associated with exposure time. To check the performance of the cleaning process it is necessary the use of tests recommended by international standards. In this study we have evaluated the performance of UCE concerning its minimal acceptable parameters by means of tests described on standards as well as discussing the interfering factors which could compromise the cleaning process of DMSI. Initially, a survey analyzed the operating conditions of UEC through a questionnaire answered by professionals of several health care establishments (HCE) of Curitiba city. The results showed wide use of UCE in the investigated HCE, technical procedures for preparation of the cleaning process, time/temperature relationship and load cycle profiles according to literature recommendations. However there was no agreement on the type test selection or adoption of technical standards. Considering those results, practical tests were carried out for aluminium foils and strips, Sono Check® chemical indicators and TOSI® Lum Check for cannulated instruments, based on international standards. Aluminium foils (100%) and strips (89%) have showed uniformity in the produced holes, indicating efficiency of the cavitation. Some strips presented few modifications (11%), indicating failures in the test and/or functioning of the equipment. Chemical indicators Sono Check®| presented positive results (75%) proving the effectiveness of ultrasonic activity, however some (25%) presented negative results indicating blind spots due to difficulties in the cavitation process, which can be attributed to interfering factors such as: use the same cleaning solution in several cycles, type and disposition of the load, level of the solution in the tank, temperature and divergence of ultrasonic waves between instrument and walls of the equipment. TOSI® Lum Check for cannulated instruments showed negative results which can be attributed to reduced exposure time, not adequate temperature, water quality, incorrect dilution of the cleaning solution, test bad positioned, overload and/or incorrect load of the instruments, and inefficiency of the cleaning solution. It was concluded that the control tests can prove the effectiveness of the ultrasound in the cleaning activity and detect performance failures for UCE assigned to the cited interfering factors. Therefore, it is recommended the development of a technical standard in Brazil which should include types of tests, procedures and operational control of the cycle parameters in order to ensure the quality control of the ultrasonic cleaning process.
24
Scholz, Tamera Lee. "Pneumoniacheck: a device for sampling lower airway aerosols." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41175.
Full textAbstract:
The pathogens causing pneumonia are difficult to identify because a high quality specimen from the lower lung is difficult to obtain. A specimen collection device, named the PneumoniaCheck, was previously designed to collect aerosol specimens selectively from the lower lung generated during deep coughing to aid in the diagnosis of specific pathogens causing pneumonia. The device also includes several specially designed features to exclude oral contaminants from the sample, and a filter to collect the aerosolized pathogens. The objective of this thesis is to develop tests to verify the functionality of the device, called the Design Inputs.
Nine verification tests were performed to demonstrate the ability to collect lower airway aerosols separate from upper airway aerosols, successful exclusion of oral contents, and capture of pathogens in the filter. Further, the PneumoniaCheck was tested for proper sampling of the lower airway aerosols during deep cough at a very low volumetric flow rate to simulate patients with severe restrictive lung disease and with mal-positioning to simulate incorrect patient placement.
Verification testing of the PneumoniaCheck demonstrates effective separation of upper airway gas from the lower airway gas (p<0.0001) and exclusion of both liquid and viscous oral material (p<0.0001) from the collection chamber. Testing also demonstrated the selective sampling of the lower airway, even during low volumetric flow rates or incorrect positioning of the device.
The complex shape of the PneumoniaCheck presents a manufacturing challenge. Making the device from a solid and then drilling out the tubes would be difficult because the outer channels do not align with the inner channel. Rapid prototyping, vacuum molding, and injection molding are all manufacturing options. Rapid prototyping is slow, and usually only economic for small numbers of parts. For vacuum molding or injection molding, the PneumoniaCheck would need to be cut in half and molded, and then the halves connected with fasteners, glued, or welded. Vacuum molding is inexpensive, but there would be a lip at the connection that may be uncomfortable for patients. If the lip is on the inside of the device, it may interrupt air flow through the device. Injection molding is inexpensive and fast. The PneumoniaCheck could be injection molded in halves, and then glued or sonically welded together. Injection molding would be an efficient and economical way to manufacture the device.
Verification tests were developed and performed, and the results demonstrate that the PneumoniaCheck successfully collects lower airway aerosols separate from upper airway aerosols, excludes oral contents, and captures pathogens in the filter, even during non-ideal conditions. After considering three different manufacturing options, injection molding was recommended for the device.
25
Bowles, Roger A. "Hiring preferences of employers of entry-level biomedical equipment technicians in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5478/.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the signaling strength, or marketing power, of the most common qualifications of entry-level biomedical equipment technicians (BMETs) in Texas, based on stated hiring preferences of BMET managers, using order ranking of fictitious resumes. This study also sought to determine whether certification status, education background, military training background as a BMET, or type of employer [hospital or ISO] of the hiring manager had an effect on hiring preference for applicant qualifications of associate degree, military training as a BMET, or certified biomedical equipment technician (CBET) certification candidacy. Participants were asked to rank 16 fictitious resumes representing the most common qualifications of entry-level BMETs and to fill out a background questionnaire regarding their education, military, certification, and employer. The number of times each resume ranked in first place was tabulated and inter-rater reliability was calculated. Resumes with qualifications of associate degree versus military training as a BMET were compared at three levels of work experience. A chi-square test for independence was conducted for the comparisons to determine whether work experience influenced preference. Chi-square tests were also conducted for comparisons of associate degree with candidacy for CBET certification versus associate degree and military training with CBET candidacy versus military training. No statistically significant results were found for the chi-square tests, indicating that work experience did not significantly influence participant preferences for the compared qualifications. BMET hiring managers indicated a preference for combinations of qualifications rather than any single qualification. Correlations in hiring managers' educational background, certification status, military training as a BMET, type of employer, and preference for applicant qualifications were examined. Statistically significant correlations were found between participants' preference for associate degree or military training and level of education, military training background, and type of employer. Statistically significant correlations were also found between participants' preference of military training with CBET candidacy over military training alone and military training as a BMET background as well as certification background.
26
Punter, Villagrasa Jaime. "Bioimpedance monitoring system for pervasive biomedical applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396086.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, Point-of-Care (PoC) are making a shifting of the classical medical procedures and treatment protocols, enhancing the performance of medical surveillance in all the world. It is a reliable and very cost-effective solution, specially in mid to low income countries and areas where access to specialized clinical laboratories is very restricted. However, there are several operational challenges and technical issues that must be addressed when aiming for a clinical system based on PoC devices health surveillance, decentralized patient self-testing and centralized data management for devices, pathologies treatment and patient monitoring improvement. The aim of this research is to design, fabricate and test a novel device / technology for PoC instantaneous screening and monitoring of cellular species, to address these issues and add new functionalities to existing devices to create Lab-on-a-Chip devices. The technique used to cellular monitoring is based on direct measurement from samples by means of its inherent electrical impedance, in order to overcome the operational challenges present on the actual PoC devices on the market.
The state of the art of PoC devices have been analysed to study their strengths and weakness, and determine the necessary improvements. This is, the development of instrumentation electronics, sensing systems as well as design protocols for truly PoC devices, relying on straight forward standards for economic, low power consumption, versatile, safe and reliable devices. The development of such technologies and devices is entailed to the evolution of these systems as implantable LOC devices for in vivo continuous monitoring of the patients. In this case, the development of simplified low-power electronics and sensing systems, leads to its miniaturization and integration in a single microchip with multiple functionalities. A discrete bench-top system for IA have been designed, fabricated and tested. The design and validation of different instrumentation electronics and sensing systems is presented, as well as design protocols for truly PoC devices. The device has been designed to perform an Impedance Spectrometry (IS) experiment in order to validate the whole device electronics as well as to characterize the sensing system and its interface accurately.
A first approach to a portable and compact device for PoC early instantaneous detection of anaemia, relying on hematocrit (HCT) screening, is described. This device has been designed to work directly with fresh whole blood samples. An experimental set-up and protocol of operation have been defined for instant impedance detection to determine the system detection accuracy, sensitivity and coefficient of variation. As you will notice, the device has been developed using prototyping tools from National Instruments for fast development and validation, as well as application functionalities.
Moreover, the possibilities of the integration of this technology within other devices, for increased functionalities, have been validated. The experiments were carried out with different instrumentations front-end as well as different sensing systems typologies, and the same back-end electronics for signal processing and system control. The analysed samples and its environment were dramatically different: laboratory sample formed by E. coli 5K strains working as a monitoring functionality of a DEP-enhanced concentrator for automated detection and concentration of bacteriological species.
Finally, it has been developed a specific PoC device for HCT detection and validated through a clinical assessment with whole blood samples. The design is based in the previously presented device’s electronic instrumentation and sensing system with the addition of an economic and low power back-end solution. A clinical study has been performed and the results obtained during the experimental procedures are shown, analysed and discussed. We summarize the conclusions obtained after this research and recommend future developments that could be done to develop truly last generation PoC devices and integrated LOC single-chip devices.L’objectiu de la tesi és la realització d’equipaments electrònics per aplicacions biomèdiques de caràcter Poin-of-Care en entorns d’investigació, control i tractament clínic. Aquest projecte es troba en el marc de les activitats de recerca del grup, on el desenvolupament d’electròniques d’interface amb el mon biomèdic i la recerca de noves tecnologies i aplicacions d’instrumentació són unes de les principals tasques que porten a terme. Donades aquestes consideracions, a l’últim any s’ha definit un camí dintre dels sistemes d’instrumentació PoC orientats al control d’agents biològics cel·lulars amb tècniques d’anàlisi d’impedància. Aquests dispositius estan basats en dos conceptes claus: el disseny d’instrumentació electrònica senzilla, econòmica i de baix consum, així com sistemes de sensat versàtils i d’un sol us. D’aquesta manera, és possible desenvolupar equipaments versàtils, portables i de baix cost que poden aportar gran rendiment en diferents camps de la biomedicina. Amb aquestes premisses, s’ha desenvolupat un equipament d’anàlisi d’impedància independent del sistema de sensat, el que comporta la possibilitat d’utilitzar multitud de tipus de sistemes de sensat. Aquest equipament, consta d’una senzilla instrumentació electrònica basada en un sistema de sensat preparat per diferents tipus de sensors, tot controlat per un microprocessador encarregat del control automatitzat del hardware, post-processat de dades i comunicació amb un ordinador remot. El sistema és capaç de treballar en un rang de freqüències molt ampli, amb diferent tipus de potència de senyal i diferent tipus d’anàlisi i representació, com ara Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) amb representació amb diagrames de Bode i Nyquist, o la selecció de punts de freqüencials concrets per un tipus d’anàlisi més específic per a un experiment biomèdic més concret, senzill i ràpid. Es tracta d’un equipament econòmic, fiable i senzill per l’anàlisi d’hematòcrit, que aporta avenços com la gran capacitat d’integració en ambients clínics, la possibilitat de fer un control medico sanitari instantani i reportar telemàticament els resultats o la possibilitat d’implementar un sistema de control mèdic integrat i automatitzat.
27
Souza, Wellington Rodrigo de [UNESP]. "Utilização do custeio baseado em atividades em centro de material e esterilização como ferramenta gerencial." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96442.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2013-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
000754794.pdf: 1306826 bytes, checksum: 3375a89eadc74bc7f824e0f7cc607e0f (MD5)O gerenciamento de custos proporciona condições adequadas às instituições hospitalares para análise dos processos administrativos e assistenciais na busca do equilíbrio entre a oferta de serviços, disponibilidade de recursos financeiros, atendimento a critérios de qualidade e incorporação tecnológica. Considerando-se a importância do CME para a qualidade da assistência, torna-se essencial a reflexão sobre os custos que incidem sobre os processos desenvolvidos, bem como as análises econômicas, a fim de balizar o planejamento e a tomada de decisão por parte do enfermeiro gestor. Sendo assim buscou-se no custeio baseado em atividades (custeio ABC) uma ferramenta eficiente para auxiliar o Enfermeiro gestor do CME no processo de tomada de decisão e também na prática gerencial baseada em evidências. Objetivos: Aplicar o sistema de custeio baseado em atividades no CME de um hospital público avaliando sua eficiência para uma prática gerencial baseada em evidências e também aferir o custo do CME pelo sistema de custeio por absorção comparando o método de custeio por absorção e o custeio baseado em atividades, descrevendo vantagens e desvantagens encontradas e seu apoio ao processo de tomada de decisão. Metodologia: Pesquisa aplicada, descritiva, tipo estudo de caso tendo a aplicação do custeio ABC dividido em quatro etapas. Resultados: Custo unitário médio de R$ 5,33 (US$2,85) por artigo médico-hospitalar processado aferido pelo custeio por absorção. Foram identificadas 25 atividades decorrentes de sete subprocessos, produzindo cinco objetos de custo, sendo o subprocesso Preparo e a atividade montagem e rotulação dos artigos os maiores consumidores de recurso (66,1 e 37,4 %, respectivamente). O custo da esterilização de cada artigo foi de R$ 6,05 (US$ 3,23) e da desinfecção foi de R$ 3,03 (US$ 1,62). Foi preponderante para o estudo a existência prévia do custeio por absorção na unidade, fornecendo...
Cost management provides adequate conditions to hospitals for analysis of administrative and assistance processes in finding the balance between the provision of services, availability of financial resources, service quality criteria and the incorporation of technology. Considering the importance of Sterile Processing Department for the quality of care, it is essential to reflect on the costs imposed on the processes developed and the economic analyzes in order to guide the planning and decision making by the nurse manager. Therefore we found in activity-based costing (ABC) an effective tool to assist the nurse manager of Sterile Processing Department in the process of decision-making and also in management practice based on evidence. Objectives: Apply the ABC in Sterile Processing Department at public hospital evaluating their efficiency to a management practice based on evidence and also evaluate the cost of the Sterile Processing Department by comparing the absorption costing method and ABC, describing advantages and disadvantages encountered and their support for the process of decision making. Methodology: Applied research, descriptive, case study with application of ABC costing divided into four stages. Results: Average unit cost of (R$ 5.33/$. 2.85) per article physician-hospital sued measured by absorption costing. We identified 25 activities under seven sub processes, producing five cost objects, and the sub process preparation and the activity assembly and labeling of articles the largest resource consumers (66.1 and 37.4%, respectively). The cost of sterilization of each article was (R$ 6.05/$ 3.23) and disinfection was (R$ 3.03/$ 1.62). It was predominant in the study prior existence of absorption costing unit, providing information absolutely essential to the implementation of ABC. The management practice should rely on Sterile Processing Department on ABC as a source of evidence in ...
28
Souza, Wellington Rodrigo de. "Utilização do custeio baseado em atividades em centro de material e esterilização como ferramenta gerencial /." Botucatu, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96442.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Wilza Carla SpiriCoorientador: Silvana Andréa Molina Lima
Banca: Cláudia Helena Bronzatto Luppi
Banca: Andréa Bernardes
Resumo: O gerenciamento de custos proporciona condições adequadas às instituições hospitalares para análise dos processos administrativos e assistenciais na busca do equilíbrio entre a oferta de serviços, disponibilidade de recursos financeiros, atendimento a critérios de qualidade e incorporação tecnológica. Considerando-se a importância do CME para a qualidade da assistência, torna-se essencial a reflexão sobre os custos que incidem sobre os processos desenvolvidos, bem como as análises econômicas, a fim de balizar o planejamento e a tomada de decisão por parte do enfermeiro gestor. Sendo assim buscou-se no custeio baseado em atividades (custeio ABC) uma ferramenta eficiente para auxiliar o Enfermeiro gestor do CME no processo de tomada de decisão e também na prática gerencial baseada em evidências. Objetivos: Aplicar o sistema de custeio baseado em atividades no CME de um hospital público avaliando sua eficiência para uma prática gerencial baseada em evidências e também aferir o custo do CME pelo sistema de custeio por absorção comparando o método de custeio por absorção e o custeio baseado em atividades, descrevendo vantagens e desvantagens encontradas e seu apoio ao processo de tomada de decisão. Metodologia: Pesquisa aplicada, descritiva, tipo estudo de caso tendo a aplicação do custeio ABC dividido em quatro etapas. Resultados: Custo unitário médio de R$ 5,33 (US$2,85) por artigo médico-hospitalar processado aferido pelo custeio por absorção. Foram identificadas 25 atividades decorrentes de sete subprocessos, produzindo cinco objetos de custo, sendo o subprocesso Preparo e a atividade montagem e rotulação dos artigos os maiores consumidores de recurso (66,1 e 37,4 %, respectivamente). O custo da esterilização de cada artigo foi de R$ 6,05 (US$ 3,23) e da desinfecção foi de R$ 3,03 (US$ 1,62). Foi preponderante para o estudo a existência prévia do custeio por absorção na unidade, fornecendo ...
Abstract: Cost management provides adequate conditions to hospitals for analysis of administrative and assistance processes in finding the balance between the provision of services, availability of financial resources, service quality criteria and the incorporation of technology. Considering the importance of Sterile Processing Department for the quality of care, it is essential to reflect on the costs imposed on the processes developed and the economic analyzes in order to guide the planning and decision making by the nurse manager. Therefore we found in activity-based costing (ABC) an effective tool to assist the nurse manager of Sterile Processing Department in the process of decision-making and also in management practice based on evidence. Objectives: Apply the ABC in Sterile Processing Department at public hospital evaluating their efficiency to a management practice based on evidence and also evaluate the cost of the Sterile Processing Department by comparing the absorption costing method and ABC, describing advantages and disadvantages encountered and their support for the process of decision making. Methodology: Applied research, descriptive, case study with application of ABC costing divided into four stages. Results: Average unit cost of (R$ 5.33/$. 2.85) per article physician-hospital sued measured by absorption costing. We identified 25 activities under seven sub processes, producing five cost objects, and the sub process preparation and the activity assembly and labeling of articles the largest resource consumers (66.1 and 37.4%, respectively). The cost of sterilization of each article was (R$ 6.05/$ 3.23) and disinfection was (R$ 3.03/$ 1.62). It was predominant in the study prior existence of absorption costing unit, providing information absolutely essential to the implementation of ABC. The management practice should rely on Sterile Processing Department on ABC as a source of evidence in ...
Mestre
29
Ferreyra, Ramirez Ernesto Fernando. "Metodologia de priorização de equipamentos medicos para programas de manutenção preventiva em hospitais." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259864.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Said Jorge CalilDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T20:43:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FerreyraRamirez_ErnestoFernando_M.pdf: 4191425 bytes, checksum: f333b450c6c2fa05078c8f9cc47d9f7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996
Resumo: Atualmente, as pressões para aumento da segurança e disponibilidade dos equipamentos médicos, e a limitação de recursos humanos e financeiros têm mostrado a necessidade de implantação de programas de manutenção preventiva. O alto custo deste tipo de manutenção obriga o desenvolvimento de programas que priorizem os equipamentos nos hospitais brasileiros. Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia para suprir esta necessidade. A metodologia proposta considera os fatores: I)Risco para o paciente e usuário do equipamento; 2)Importância estratégica do equipamento e Recomendações do fabricante e órgãos fiscalizadores; 3)Análise da viabilidade de manutenção preventiva; e 4)Análise periódica do histórico de falhas e consertos dos equipamentos. A estes fatores são atribuídos pontos, de modo a formar um número de prioridade (PE). Os resultados encontrados em um estudo de caso efetuado mostram que a metodologia é condizente com a realidade nacional devido à sua facilidade de implementação mesmo para o caso em que não haja dados anteriores sobre o histórico
Abstract: Nowadays, the increasing need of improving the safety and the availability of medical equipment, and the restrictions of human and financial resources have shown the importance of implementation of preventive maintenance programs. The high costs of this type of maintenance lead to the development of equipment prioritizing programs in the Brazilian hospitaIs. This work suggests a methodology to fuifiII this need. The proposed methodology considers the factors: 1) Physical Risk to the patient and to the user; 2) Equipment strategic importance and manufacturers' and accreditation entities recommendations; 3) Viability analysis of the preventive maintenance; and 4)Periodic analysis of the equipment failures and repair history. These factors receive ponderation in order to achieve an equipment priority number (PE). The results found in a case study showed the proposed methodology agrees with the national reality because it's easy to implement though the equipment maintenance history data were limited.
Mestrado
Engenharia Biomedica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
30
Moraes, Filho Alexandre Francisco de. "Desenvolvimento de transdutores baseados em paládio-porfirinas para a detecção de O2 através dos tempos de vida de fosforescência." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/512.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de membranas sensoras para a detecção de oxigênio gasoso através da fosforescência resolvida no tempo, além de descrever um sistema de medição para avaliação de desempenho destes elementos. Os transdutores são formados a partir da imobilização em matrizes poliméricas, de poli(cloreto de vinila) e poliestireno, das seguintes metaloporfirinas de paládio: Coproporfirina I, Mesoporfirina IX, Deuteroporfirina IX e meso-Tetrapenta(fluorofenil)porfirina. O feixe de excitação das membranas é proveniente de um LED violeta, sendo que a fosforescência emitida pelos luminóforos é detectada por uma miniválvula fotomultiplicadora. Relatam-se a produção das membranas sensoras e seus principais parâmetros, como curvas de calibração, envelhecimento, tempos de resposta e fotoestabilidade. As membranas de PVC apresentaram sensibilidade moderada, com razões τ0/τar próximas a 4, permitindo medições com uma resolução média de 10 μs.%-1 para a faixa de 16% de O2 a ar. No caso das membranas em PS, as razões τ0/τar chegam a atingir 50, com resoluções acima de 900 μs.%-1 para concentrações entre 0% e 1% de O2; no entanto, mostram-se de difícil aplicação para concentrações acima de 16%. De modo geral, os elementos produzidos apresentaram tempos de resposta inferiores a 1 s. Assim, possíveis aplicações para estes dispositivos incluem o monitoramento da respiração humana e a detecção de oxigênio residual (e.g.: embalagens alimentícias). Evidenciou-se ainda, uma elevada fotodegradação das membranas perante a excitação na banda B, sendo que o indicador PdTFPP mostrou-se superior aos demais quanto à fotoestabilidade.This research presents the development of sensing membranes for detection of gaseous oxygen by time-resolved phosphorescence as well as the description of a measurement system for performance evaluation of those elements. The transducers are formed by the immobilisation of palladium metalloporphyrins probes (coproporphyrin I, mesoporphyrin IX, deuteroporphyrin IX and meso-Tetrapenta(fluorophenyl) porphyrin) in polymers of poly(vinyl chloride) and polystyrene. A light emitting diode is employed for dye excitation and the phosphorescence is detected by a miniature photomultiplier tube. The production of the membranes as well as their practical parameters such as calibration curves, ageing, response times and light stability are reported. PVC membranes exhibited moderate sensitivity, with ratios τ0/τair near 4, enabling measurements with a resolution of 10 μs.%-1 for the range of 16% of O2 up to 20,5%. For PS membranes, the ratios τ0/τair reached up to 50, with resolutions of up to 900 μs.%-1 considering concentrations between 0% and 1% of O2, however they proved to be of difficult application for concentrations above 16%. Some sensor membranes showed response times below 1 s. Thus, possible applications for these devices include monitoring of human respiration and detection of residual oxygen (e.g.: food packaging). Also, it was observed a high signal degradation when the dyes are excited around their B bands. PdTFPP dye presented more light stability than the others.
31
Andrade, Luiz Augusto Kalva de. "Sistema de medição para oximetria de pulso." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2009. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/912.
Full textAbstract:
Este estudo tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um sistema para oximetria de pulso destinado a medir a saturação arterial de oxigênio. A determinação da saturação de oxigênio no sangue é reconhecida mundialmente como padrão de cuidado em anestesiologia, sendo utilizado em diversas aplicações desde tratamentos intensivos em hospitais até cirurgias veterinárias. O sistema de oximetria desenvolvido emprega um sensor de transmitância utilizando LEDs e um fotodetector como componentes principais. O instrumento é composto de um amplificador de transimpedância, circuito de demultiplexação, filtros passa-faixas, amplificador de ganho digitalmente programável e um processador digital de sinais. Os resultados de funcionamento do protótipo foram comparados com um simulador de oximetria de pulso comercial, obtendo-se um coeficiente r = 0,99954 entre os dados de saturação de oxigênio. Medições in vivo obtidas foram comparadas com medições feitas por um oxímetro
comercial, atingindo-se diferenças médias de ±1,67% entre os dados de percentagem de saturação pulsátil e ±1,44 batimentos cardíacos para a taxa de batimentos por minuto. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para melhorar a monitorização de oxigênio aos tecidos do corpo tornando ainda mais comum e acessível o uso da técnica de medição da oximetria de pulso.The main subject of this research is the development of a measurement system for pulse oximetry in order to determine oxygen arterial saturation. The measurement of blood oxygen saturation is recognized as a world standard in anesthesiology care, being used in intensive care units as well as in veterinary surgery. The developed oximetry system employs a transmittance probe using light emitting diodes and a photo detector as main components. The instrument is also composed by a transimpedance amplifier, demux and sample-and-hold circuits, pass-band filters, digitally controlled amplifier and a digital signal processor. The functioning results of the prototype were confirmed by using a commercial pulse oximeter simulator, obtaining a coefficient r = 0.99954 between the oxygen saturation data. Also, in vivo results obtained were compared with a commercial pulse oximeter showing mean differences of ±1.67% for percentage saturation data and ±1.44 beats per minute for heart rate. It is hoped that this work can help to improve the oxygen monitoring to body tissues and to make pulse oximetry a more common and accessible monitoring technique.
32
Moral, Zamora Beatriz del. "Bioimpedance & dielectrophoresis instrumentation equipments for living cells manipulation and monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/395178.
Full textAbstract:
Since the first microfluidic device was developed in the early 1950s, when the basics for today’s inkjet technology were set, thousands of publications have appeared related to the topic. The increasing interest on these technologies is caused by its ability to be scaled and its rapid development, which allows manipulating and detecting small quantities of analites even at the cellular scale. The integration of microfluidic technologies with specific sensors and actuators at minute scales in order to achieve a set of automated laboratory operations and perform a particular solution for a specific application, generally on the life sciences and chemistry fields, was defined as Lab-on-a-chip (LoC). LoC devices have the potential to become a powerful technology for some fields, such as health, food security or environmental control. Their low cost and portability make them also suitable to improve medical diagnosis and research in developing countries. Moreover, these systems permit also to explore new methods for manipulation and characterization of cells by means of electrical cell properties, by using techniques such as dielectrophoresis (DEP) or impedance spectroscopy (IS). In fact, the dielectrophoretic force allows manipulating cells, taking advantage of their electrical properties, by applying an electric field. Likewise, impedance allows measuring electrical properties of materials and, used wisely, inform about characteristics such as presence, composition or size of cells or other biological materials.
This work aims, in its final stage, to exploit the combined potential of both techniques, DEP and IS, in a compact system for bioanalytical bench-top applications. The creation of the complete device has been a long procedure alternating theoretical calculations and experimental tests. It has included different steps such as the design of the need electronic equipment stages, the study of different microfluidic designs, an accurate bacteria concentration and manipulation protocol definition, and the study of the viability of the bacteria populations recovered with our device. These studies have made possible to finally obtain an automated bacteria concentrator for microbiology, food, water and environmental control applications while performing impedance cell analysis to monitor bacteria accumulation during the process. The system has been adjusted and proved for the real case of Escherichia Coli (E. coli) concentration and analysis. E. coli presents pathogenic variants that cause morbidity and mortality worldwide being therefore a topic of interest. E. coli is one of the main antimicrobials resistant pathogens in healthcare-associated infections reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network, being the primary cause of widespread pathologies such as significant diarrheal and extra-intestinal diseases or urinary tract infections. Furthermore, E. coli can be found as a bacterial food contamination and causes avian coli-bacillosis, one of the major bacterial diseases in the poultry industry and the most common avian disease communicable to humans. Currently, bacterium presence detection involve long time culture processes only to obtain a valid sample which could be properly detected. DEP concentration is a strong selective manipulation method which allows reducing sample preparation time. Moreover, by taking profit of IS, E. coli could be rapidly detected in the same equipment. For that reason, it is thought the proposed devices will be a useful tool for some current microbiology laboratories.
Hence the mainly aims of the present thesis are: (I) to prove the feasibility of custom DEP generator for controlling bacteria and find the best signal to accomplish this, (II) to look for the best microfluidic chip option for bacteria preconcentration purposes on bioanalytical applications, (III) to test the feasibility of a custom IS device and (IV) to use the previous studies to design a complete electronic equipment, taken profit of combination of both techniques to have an autonomous system (V) To demonstrate the proof of concept of the full device with the real case of E. coli concentration.El objetivo de esta tesis es el diseño de una instrumentación capaz de manipular y caracterizar células, a fin de realizar análisis más exhaustivos de elementos biológicos y acelerar procesos de detección de patógenos para aplicaciones de diagnóstico o de control de calidad de alimentos. El dispositivo se centra en dos tipos de técnicas eléctricas para la manipulación y detección de células: La dielectroforesis (DEP) y la medición de la bioimpedancia. La DEP permite manipular material biológico por medio de campos eléctricos, aprovechando las propiedades eléctricas de la célula y el medio en que se encuentra. La manipulación es por tanto ajustable, mediante el control de estas propiedades, así como a través de la geometría de los electrodos usados, la frecuencia y el módulo de la tensión aplicada. Por otro lado, la IS permite caracterizar material biológico mediante su comportamiento eléctrico en frecuencia. La medida se realiza a través de la aplicación de una corriente alterna controlada y la monitorización del efecto sobre el tejido mediante potencial eléctrico. Los dispositivos de IS son fácilmente integrables con técnicas dielectroforéticas de manipulación, fusionando manipulación con detección. En esta tesis, la combinación de estas técnicas permite la concentración de pequeños patógenos en grandes volúmenes de muestras y su posterior detección. Para ello, se crean diversos módulos de instrumentación electrónica. Algunos, están dedicados a generar señales alternas desfasadas a frecuencias óptimas para la manipulación de patógenos (módulo DEP). Otros, combinan módulos de generación, lectura y tratamiento digital, para la monitorización del comportamiento eléctrico de células (IS). Los módulos diseñados son validados en un entorno real controlado para concentrar y detectar la bacteria Escherichia Coli en grandes volúmenes de agua. Como resultado, se obtiene una electrónica modular válida, autónoma, portátil y de bajo coste, capaz de disminuir tiempos de preparación y detección de muestras en laboratorio.
33
Bittikofer, Raymond P. "A computer controlled continuous passive motion device for ankle rehabilitation." Ohio : Ohio University, 1994. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1176838831.
Full text
34
Khoury, Gregory Robert. "A strategic, system-based knowledge management approach to dealing with high error rates in the deployment of point-of-care devices." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96206.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.There is a growing trend towards the use of point of care testing in resource poor settings, in particular in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Tuberculosis (TB) and Malaria. The Alere PIMA CD4 counter is widely used as a point of care device in the staging and management of HIV. While the instrument has been extensively validated and shown to be comparable to central laboratory testing, little is known about the error rates of these devices, as well as the factors that contribute to error rates. This research was a retrospective analysis of error rates from 61 PIMA point of care devices deployed in nine African countries belonging to Medisciens Sans Frontiers. The data was collected between January 2011 and June 2013. The objectives of the study were to determine the overall error rate and, where possible, determine the root cause. Thereafter the study aimed to determine the variables that contribute to the root causes and make recommendations to reduce the error rate. The overall error was determined to be 13.2 percent. The errors were further divided into four root causes and error rates assigned to each root cause based on the error codes generated by the instrument. These error rates were found to be operator error (48.4%), instrument error (2.0%), reagent/cartridge error (1%) and sample error (4.3%). It was found that a high percentage of the errors were ambiguous (44.3%), meaning that they had more than one possible root cause. A systems-based knowledge management approach was used to create a qualitative politicised influence diagram, which described the variables that affect each of the root causes. The influence diagram was subjected to loop analysis where individual loops were described in terms of the knowledge type (tacit or explicit), the knowing type (know-how, know-who, know-what and know-why), and the actors involved with each variable. Where possible, the variable was described as contributing to pre-analytical, analytical or post-analytical error. Recommendations to reduce the error rates for each of the variables were then made based on the findings.
35
Vacari, Daiane Aparecida. "Comparação entre métodos de avaliação da curvatura lombossacral obtidos por imagem radiográfica e fotográfica." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/597.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: Os avanços tecnológicos no desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas são indispensáveis no processo de manutenção da qualidade de vida dos seres humanos. O incremento de novos métodos avaliativos para estruturas complexas como a coluna vertebral e, mais especificamente a coluna lombossacral, é demanda constante no âmbito de pesquisa científica. Objetivo: Investigar a correlação e a concordância entre diferentes métodos radiográficos de avaliação da concavidade lombossacral e desenvolver um protocolo de avaliação dessa curvatura por meio de fotogrametria. Metodologia: A seleção da amostra ocorreu no município de Curitiba-PR, totalizando 58 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 18 e 28 anos. Nos procedimentos de tratamento de imagem e dos critérios de inclusão foram detectadas seis perdas técnicas, reduzindo a amostra para 52 indivíduos. Para o desenvolvimento da nova técnica utilizou-se: uma câmera fotográfica digital Samsung® de 14,2 Mega Pixels, um tripé da marca Midas® e marcadores adesivos circulares da marca Pimaco®. Os procedimentos relacionados às coletas da imagem radiográficas foram realizados em um centro diagnóstico por imagem. Os ângulos da concavidade lombossacral foram avaliados por sete técnicas diferentes (Centroide, Cobb1L1-S1, Cobb2L1-L5, Cobb3L2-S1, Cobb4T12-S1, Tangente Posterior e Trall) e ainda, por duas novas técnicas com imagens fotográficas (Cobb Foto e Trall Foto). Resultados: Durante a elaboração da nova técnica, detectou-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de um marcador metálico proeminente, para ser observado nas fotografias e radiografias em vistas laterais. Apesar dos baixos valores de concordância entre os métodos radiográficos, foram constatados altos coeficientes de correlação entre algumas técnicas: Cobb4 T12i-S1s e Cobb1 L1s-S1s (0,893), Cobb4 T12i-S1s e Cobb2 L1s-L5i (0,820), Cobb3 L2s-S1s e Cobb1 L1s-S1s (0,810). As técnicas fotogramétricas para a análise da coluna lombossacral apresentaram correlações moderadas e fracas quando comparados aos testes radiográficos. As medidas de Trall Foto em relação às medidas de Cobb L1s-S1s e Cobb3 L2s-S1s apresentaram valores de r= 0,40 e 0,45, respectivamente. Adicionalmente, promoveu-se uma classificação categórica dos valores angulares obtidos através de cada método, tanto aqueles que são validados na radiologia, quanto àqueles desenvolvidos por fotogrametria. Com nos resultados obtidos, optou-se pela análise de uma nova variável, o ponto de inflexão entre a cifose torácica e a lordose lombar. Este ponto de inflexão apresentou maior incidência na região entre a décima segunda vértebra torácica e a primeira lombar (63,5%). Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que a diversidade de referências anatômicas utilizadas nas técnicas estudadas deve ser considerada no momento da escolha daquela a ser aplicada, em diferentes pacientes, dependendo do posicionamento referente ao ponto de inflexão toracolombar, pois o conhecimento de sua localização permite a escolha da técnica a ser empregada com mais exatidão. As técnicas de avaliação desenvolvidas a partir da fotogrametria (Cobb Foto e Tall Foto) não apresentaram valores estatísticos suficientemente compatíveis para a substituição do método radiográfico.Introduction: Technological advances in the development of preventive measures are indispensable in the process of maintaining the quality of life of human beings. The rise of new methods of assessment of complex structures such as the spine, and more specifically the lumbosacral spine is in constant demand for scientific research. Objective: To investigate the correlation and agreement between different radiographic methods for evaluation of lumbosacral concavity and develop a protocol for assessment of curvature through Photogrammetry. Methodology: The sample selection was in Curitiba-PR, totaling 58 individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 28 years. In image processing procedures and criteria for inclusion were detected six technical losses, reducing the sample to 52 individuals. For the development of the new technique was used: a digital camera Samsung ® 14.2 Mega Pixels, a tripod Midas ® and markers adhesives of brand Pimaco®. During construction of the new technique, we detected the need to develop metallic marker of prominence to be seen in the photographs and radiographs in lateral views. The procedures related to collect radiographic image were carried out in partnership with a diagnostic imaging center of a hospital in the capital of Curitiba. The angles of the concavity lumbosacral were evaluated seven different techniques (Centroid, Cobb1L1-S1, Cobb2L1-L5, Cobb3L2-S1, Cobb4T12-S1, Posterior tangent and Trall) and also by two new techniques with photograph (Cobb Photo e Trall Photo). Results: Despite the low values of correlation between radiographic methods, high correlation coefficients were found between some techniques: Cobb4 T12i-S1s e Cobb1 L1s-S1s (0,893), Cobb4 T12i-S1s e Cobb2 L1s-L5i (0,820), Cobb3 L2s-S1s e Cobb1 L1s-S1s (0,810). The techniques the photogrammetric analysis of the lumbosacral spine demonstrated correlation moderate to weak when compared to radiographic tests. The Measures of Trall Photo in 0, 45, respectively. Additionally, we promoted a categorical classification of angle values obtained by each method, both those validated in radiograph, and developed by photogrammetry. With these results, we opted for the analysis of a new variable, the tipping point between the thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. This inflection point presented higher incidence in the region between the twelfth thoracic vertebra and the L1 (63,5%). Conclusion: It was concluded that the diversity of anatomical references used in the studied techniques should be considered when choosing to appli in different patients, depending on the position assigned to the inflection point thoracolumbar, because knowledge of its location allows choice of technique to be used more accurately. Assessment techniques developed from photogrammetry (Cobb Photo e Tall Photo) showed no statistical values sufficiently compatible to replace the radiographic method.
36
Manczak, Tiago. "Estimulador galvânico vestibular para fMRI." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/406.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um estimulador galvânico vestibular para ser usado em experimentos de imageamento por ressonância magnética funcional (fMRI). Em experiências de fMRI é necessário a produção de estímulos somatossensoriais no paciente. Os estímulos devem ser sincronizados com a sequência de pulsos da fMRI. O estimulador foi dividido em circuitos analógicos (colocados dentro da sala do magneto) e circuitos digitais (sala de comando do sistema de MRI). A comunicação entre os circuitos é feita através de fibra óptica. Experimentos de fMRI realizados com voluntários demonstraram que o estimulador proposto é capaz de manter a sincronização com sistema de fMRI e pode ser usado para localizar as áreas do cérebro que são ativados pelo sistema vestibular.This work presents the development of a galvanic vestibular stimulator to be used in functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments (fMRI). In fMRI experiments it is required the production of somatosensory stimuli in the patient must be sincronized with the fMRI pulse sequence. The stimulator circuits were divided in analog circuits (placed within the magnet room) and digital circuits (placed in the MRI command room). The communication between the circuits is made through optical fiber. fMRI experiments performed with volunteers demonstrated that the proposed stimulator is able to keep the sincronization with the MRI system and can be used to locate the brain areas that are activated by the vestibular system.
37
Bruneau, Michael. "Apport de l'étude anatomique et de l'imagerie peropératoire dans la chirurgie de l'artère vertébrale: développement de nouveaux concepts et matériel." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209889.
Full textAbstract:
La chirurgie au voisinage de l’artère vertébrale nécessite une connaissance approfondie de l’anatomie et l’application d’une technique chirurgicale rigoureuse. Le fil conducteur des travaux de cette thèse sera non seulement l’amélioration des conditions de sécurité opératoire mais également le développement de nouvelles techniques permettant l’élargissement des indications chirurgicales.Le premier travail a été axé sur l’étude de l’anatomie et des variations anatomiques de l’artère vertébrale. Les hypothèses suivantes ont été soulevées, relatives à l’incidence des variations anatomiques du 2ème segment de l’artère vertébrale, telles les anomalies de niveau de pénétration dans le foramen transverse et les boucles vasculaires. Une vaste étude anatomique de 500 trajectoires d’artère a été entreprise, basée sur des imageries par tomodensitométrie et résonance magnétique. Elle a permis de déceler 7% d’anomalies de niveau de pénétration et la présence de boucles vasculaires médiales dans 2% des cas, sous forme de boucles soit corporéales, soit foraminales.
Ensuite, toujours dans le but de sécuriser cette chirurgie complexe, s’est posée la question de l’intérêt de l’imagerie peropératoire jusqu’alors peu développée. Cette question est devenue d’autant plus pertinente qu’est apparue une nouvelle technique d’imagerie peropératoire jusqu’alors jamais testée dans les procédures liées à l’artère vertébrale extracrânienne. Cette technique, la vidéoangiographie peropératoire à la fluorescéine, a fait l’objet d’un travail multicentrique basé sur 9 interventions chirurgicales, avec pour objectifs de juger de son applicabilité, de ses limitations et intérêts, tant pour localiser l’artère durant l’abord chirurgical, que pour la visualiser après son exposition et vérifier sa perméabilité. Il a été observé que le premier segment de l’artère vertébrale possédait un aspect vidéoangiographique différent de celui des 2ème et 3ème segments, ainsi que de celui de l’artère carotide commune. De plus, des phases artérielle et veineuse ont été distinguées. Cet aspect vidéoangiographique peut être corrélé à l’anatomie de l’artère. L’intérêt de la technique réside dans l’aide qu’elle apporte pour déterminer la perméabilité du vaisseau ainsi que pour le localiser plus précisément au sein de la gaine périostée. Tant que celle-ci n’est pas exposée, la vidéoangiographie n’apporte par contre pas d’informations pertinentes pour sa localisation qui doit être strictement recherchée par les repères anatomiques usuels adaptés selon l’iconographie préopératoire.
Sur base de ces connaissances théoriques et chirurgicales, 2 nouvelles techniques opératoires ont été décrites et appliquées dans des indications très particulières. La première consiste en une technique de mobilisation du premier segment de l’artère en raison d’importantes tortuosités qu’il convenait de libérer pour restaurer l’accessibilité endovasculaire à une lésion intracrânienne. La seconde est une technique de fixation de l’atlas permettant de stabiliser une fracture tout en préservant la mobilité de l’articulation atlanto-axoïdienne.
Enfin, de nouvelles voies de recherche et de développements futurs ont été ouvertes sur base de travaux embryologiques, histologiques et anatomo-radiologiques qui ont été initiés pour juger de leur faisabilité future.
En conclusion, bien que complexe, la chirurgie au voisinage de l’artère vertébrale ouvre des voies d’abord spécifiques à certaines pathologies, raison pour laquelle elle mérite une attention toute particulière. De nouvelles procédures chirurgicales peuvent être développées, ainsi que des nouveaux concepts et matériel visant à améliorer la qualité de vie des patients. La singularité anatomique de l’artère vertébrale nécessite une connaissance détaillée et l’application d’une technique chirurgicale stricte. Avec le but poursuivi d’améliorer la sécurité de l’intervention chirurgicale, les travaux effectués ont clairement mis en évidence la nécessité d’une analyse approfondie de l’anatomie de l’artère vertébrale à un niveau individuel avant toute procédure. Les techniques d’imagerie intraopératoire peuvent apporter des informations utiles mais leurs avantages et limitations respectifs doivent être bien connus.
/
Surgery around the vertebral artery requires a detailed knowledge of the anatomy and the application of a strict surgical technique. The main theme of these thesis works will be not only the improvement of the surgical security but also the development of new techniques allowing surgical indications widening.
The first work has been devoted to the study of the vertebral artery anatomy and variations. The following hypotheses have been raised, related to the incidence of anatomical variations of the second vertebral artery segment, such as the abnormal level of entrance into the transverse foramen and vessel loops. A large anatomical study consisting in 500 arterial trajectories has been performed, based on computed tomographic and resonance magnetic imagings. This study detected 7% of abnormal levels of entrance and the presence of vessel loops in 2% of the cases, either corporeal or foraminal loops.
Subsequently, the interest of intraoperative imaging techniques uncommonly applied until now has been questioned again with the goal to secure this complex surgery. This question was especially more relevant since the development of a new intraoperative imaging modality never tested in surgeries related to the extracranial vertebral artery. This technique, the intraoperative videoangiography using fluorescein, has been analyzed through a multicentric work based on 9 surgical procedures, with the goals to define its applicability, its limitations and interests for localizing the artery during the approach and for visualizing it after its exposure and checking its patency. It has been noted that the first vertebral artery segment appeared differently on videoangiography than the second and third ones, and than the common carotid artery. Moreover, arterial and venous phases should be distinguished. This videoangiographic aspect can be correlated with the vertebral artery anatomy. The interest of this technique lies in its help for confirming vessel patency and localizing it precisely inside the periosteal sheath. As far as the artery is not exposed, videoangiography brings no relevant information for its localization which must remain absolutely defined based on usual anatomical landmarks fitted to preoperative imaging.
Based on theoretical and surgical backgrounds, 2 new surgical techniques have been described and applied in specific surgical indications. The first one consists in a technique of rerouting of the first vertebral artery segment due to severe kinks that must be released for restoring the endovascular accessibility to an intracranial lesion.
Finally, new research approaches and future developments have been planed based on embryological, histological and anatomo-radiological works that have been started for evaluating their future feasability.
In conclusion, although complex, surgery around the vertebral artery opens specific surgical approaches to some pathologies, deserving for this reason some consideration. New surgical procedures can be developed, as well as new concepts and material with the goal to improve patient’s quality of life. The specific anatomy of the vertebral artery requires a detailed knowledge and application of a rigorous surgical technique. With the goal to improve surgical safety, works performed have clearly highlighted the necessity of an in-depth knowledge of the vertebral artery anatomy on an individual basis before any surgery. Intraoperative imaging techniques can contribute to bring relevant information but their respective advantages and limitations must be well-known.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
38
Borini, Júlio Cesar. "Protocolo de verificação do processo de esterilização por vapor de formaldeído." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2777.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho apresenta o estudo do processo de esterilização de materiais e instrumentais cirúrgicos em autoclaves que se utilizam do agente esterilizante, o vapor à baixa temperatura de formaldeído. Processo esse utilizado para materiais termosensiveis, ou seja, que não suportam temperaturas superiores a 80°C. Assim objetivo desse trabalho, foi avaliar essa tecnologia de esterilização a baixa temperatura, que já é utilizada há mais de 20 anos em vários países, inclusive aqui no Brasil, porém com pouco detalhes de estudos conclusivos sobre o assunto na literatura nacional e internacional. Este estudo foi baseado nas Normas ABNT NBR 15659 e NF EN ISO 25424 que tratam especificamente dos requisitos, métodos e cuidados na esterilização de vapor a baixa temperatura e formaldeído, implementando um protocolo de verificação para estudo da tecnologia. Para tanto foi elaborada uma metodologia de avaliação, da instalação de esterilizadores que utilizam como agente esterilizante o formaldeído. Na verificação da eficácia da metodologia 3 tipos de equipamentos de esterilização foram testados. Os equipamentos testados são de fabricação brasileira (02 deles) e um de fabricação sueca. Os testes foram feitos em 6 hospitais, onde foram avaliados desde a sua instalação, avaliação dos parâmetros de tempo, temperatura e pressão (com equipamentos calibrados e rastreados pelo INMETRO), avaliação do nível de resíduos no material (com laudos feitos por laboratórios credenciados), uso de indicadores de processo (biológicos e químicos), avaliação ambiental (ar e saída do dejeto para o esgoto), controles de manutenções preventivas e segurança do operador (EPI). Todos os ciclos avaliados apresentaram resultados dentro dos parâmetros mínimos sugerido na Norma ABNT NBR 15659 e NF EN ISO 25424. Concluindo que se seguindo rigorosamente o que pede a Norma e os manuais dos fabricantes dos equipamentos, pode-se perfeitamente obter um processo seguro de esterilização para o Hospital, e atender todos os níveis de segurança tanto para o operador como para o paciente que irá usar o material processado no ciclo de esterilização.This work presents the study of the sterilization process of surgical materials and instruments in autoclaves using the sterilizing agent, the low temperature vapor of formaldehyde. This process is used for thermosensitive materials, is they do not withstand temperatures above 80 ° C. The objective of this study was to evaluate the low temperature sterilization technology, which has been used for more than 20 years in several countries, including here in Brazil, but with little details of conclusive studies on the subject in the national and international literature. This study was based on the ABNT NBR 15659 and NF EN ISO 25424 standards that specifically deal with the requirements, methods and care in low temperature steam sterilization and formaldehyde, implementing a verification protocol for technology study. For this, an evaluation methodology was elaborated for the installation of sterilizers that use formaldehyde as the sterilizing agent. In the verification of the effectiveness of the methodology 3 types of sterilization equipment were tested. The equipment tested is of Brazilian manufacture (02 of them) and one of Swedish manufacture. The tests were carried out in 6 hospitals, where they were evaluated since its installation, evaluation of parameters of time, temperature and pressure (with equipment calibrated and tracked by INMETRO), evaluation of the level of residues in the material (with reports made by accredited laboratories), use of process indicators (biological and chemical), environmental assessment (air and exits to the sewage), preventive maintenance controls and operator safety (EPI). All the evaluated cycles presented results within the minimum parameters suggested in the Standard ABNT NBR 15659 and NF EN ISO 25424. Concluding that strictly following the norms and the manuals of the equipment manufacturers, it is perfectly possible to obtain a safe process of sterilization To the Hospital, and meet all levels of safety for both the operator and the patient who will use the material processed in the sterilization cycle.
39
Wiedemair, Justyna. "Advancing atomic force microscopy-scanning electrochemical microscopy based sensing platforms for biological applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33960.
Full textAbstract:
Combined atomic force microscopy-scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM-SECM) is capable of providing simultaneous topographical and electrochemical imaging at sample surfaces. Integration of amperometric biosensors at tip-integrated electrodes recessed from the apex of the AFM tip further enhances the versatility of such bifunctional probes. Of particular interest to this work was the detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at a cellular level, since ATP is involved in many biologically relevant processes. There are challenges concerning the integration of biosensors into bifunctional AFM-SECM probes. This thesis focuses on addressing and advancing several of these limitations. Thin insulation layers are important for AFM-SECM based applications to enhance AFM and SECM performance. Plasma-polymerized fluorocarbon membranes are introduced as novel thin film insulation materials for AFM-SECM probes. Insulation layers with a thickness of < 300 nm were found to exhibit excellent insulating properties and satisfying temporal stability for successful application in AFM-SECM experiments. Furthermore new approaches for increasing the electrode area in conventionally focused ion beam (FIB) fabricated AFM-SECM probes were implemented, since enhancement of the current response in conjunction with biosensing experiments is required. Ion beam induced deposition (IBID) was used to generate platinum carbon (PtC) deposits at AFM-SECM probes, thereby successfully increasing the tip-integrated electrode area. PtC composites were thoroughly characterized in terms of their physical and electrochemical properties. Since a high carbon fraction in the PtC composite was inhibiting the charge transfer kinetics at the electrode surface for certain analytes, several pre-treatment strategies were investigated including annealing, UV/ozone treatment, and FIB milling. FIB milling proved to be the most promising procedure improving charge transfer properties at the electrode along with fabrication compatibility at AFM-SECM probes. The last part of this thesis aimed at providing fundamental studies on AFM-SECM application at live epithelial cell monolayers. AFM was used in different imaging modes to characterize the topography of epithelial cells. ATP detection at epithelial cells was achieved with amperometric biosensors combined with non-invasive SECM. Biosensors were further miniaturized at batch-fabricated AFM-SECM probes enabling laterally-resolved detection of ATP at epithelial cells. Additionally, PtC composite materials were evaluated for applicability as transducer platforms for enzymatic biosensors.
40
Porto, Lorena Elaine. "Avaliação de Kerma na superfície de entrada da pele em pacientes pediátricos do Hospital de Clínicas de Curitiba." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/910.
Full textAbstract:
CAPESNo presente trabalho foram feitas medidas de dose recebida pelos pacientes pediátricos em exames de radiográficos de tórax em uma amostra de 386 exposições nas projeções AP/PA e Perfil. Os pacientes foram divididos em nas faixas etárias de 0-1 ano, 1-5 anos, 5-10 anos e 10-15 anos. Os exames foram realizados no Hospital de Clínicas da UFPR. Foi medida inicialmente a dose de entrada na pele com dosímetros termoluminescentes TLD-100 em uma amostra de 68 exposições, distribuídos pelas faixas etárias adotadas. A dose foi também determinada utilizando-se cálculos dosimétricos, que faz a determinação de dose para cada paciente a partir do rendimento do aparelho de raios X. O programa utiliza como dados de entrada a massa do paciente, a idade, a distância foco-pele, os dados da técnica radiográfica empregada (kV e mAs) e o valor de uma medida do rendimento feita com câmara de ionização para fins de calibração. Os primeiros dados avaliados mostraram doses maiores para os pacientes mais jovens. Uma mudança na técnica radiográfica dos exames contribuiu para a redução das doses. Foi avaliado todo o procedimento radiográfico e ficou caracterizada a necessidade de uma adequação da técnica radiográfica e uma constante otimização de todo o procedimento. Os dados foram colhidos novamente em 2007 e depois em 2009. Num primeiro momento os níveis de dose se mantiveram. Em 2009 os valores voltaram a subir devido ao aumento da carga (mAs). Os dados obtidos foram então comparados com os limites de dose permissíveis determinados pelos órgãos competentes.
In the present work absorbed doses by pediatric patients in chest radiographs were measured in 386 x-ray examinations in AP/PA and LAT projections. The patients were divided in age groups of 0-1 years, 1-5 years, 5-10 years and 10-15 years. The examinations were made at the pediatric room of Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná. Initially the entrance skin dose was measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters TLD-100 in 68 expositions, distributed in the age groups. The dose was also determined with the software dosimetric calculations that calculates the dose for each patient, from the X-ray equipment yield. The program uses the following data as input: patient mass, age, skin-focus, radiographic technique (kV, mAs), and the yield measurement made with an ionization chamber for calibration. The first evaluated data showed higher doses for the younger patients. A change in the radiographic technique of the examinations contributed to the reduction of the doses. The whole radiographic procedure was evaluated and, thus, showed that the radiographic technique had to be adjusted and the procedure as a whole had to be constantly optimized. Dates were measurement in 2007 again and after 2009. At a first moment the dose levels if had kept. In 2009 the values had come back to go up due to the increase of the load (mAs). The doses were then compared with the regulatory dose limits.
41
Pepino, André Luiz Gonçalves. "Sistema de eletroestimulação portátil com oito síncronos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2011. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/209.
Full textAbstract:
A Estimulação Elétrica Funcional (EEF), que utiliza pulsos elétricos para a reprodução de movimentos artificialmente, é uma técnica consolidada no tratamento de pacientes em reabilitação. Para tal, são usados equipamentos específicos para a geração destes sinais, chamados de eletroestimuladores. O presente trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um eletroestimulador portátil com oito canais independentes e síncronos entre si, permitindo a programação temporal de ativação dos seus canais, o que proporciona a reprodução de movimentos artificiais similares aos reais. O hardware do dispositivo possui dimensões reduzidas (115 mm X 162 mm X 43 mm) e gera estímulos elétricos bifásicos com amplitudes de ±100 mA. Estes pulsos possuem durações de 100 a 800 µs e freqüência de 50 a 1000 Hz. Utilizou-se uma interface em display líquido (LCD) sensível ao toque (touchscreen), para a interação do usuário com o software embarcado, que é responsável por controlar todo o sistema. Um software desktop foi criado para a geração dos programas estimulatórios, contendo também um simulador virtual que por meio de um modelo humano 3D permite ajustes no programa estimulatório antes de executá-lo em um paciente. O equipamento foi desenvolvido de forma a cumprir as normas de segurança elétrica da ABNT referentes a equipamentos eletromédicos para estimulação neuromuscular. Testes in vitro foram feitos seguindo os roteiros descritos nessas normas para garantir a conformidade de seu funcionamento e dos pulsos elétricos fornecidos pelo dispositivo. O equipamento apresentou resultados dentro dos limites de segurança, de temperaturas excessivas, de exatidão de dados de operação, de proteção contra características de saída incorreta e, contra erros humanos. Também, 10 voluntários participaram de testes in vivo com o objetivo de validação clínica do dispositivo. A validação consistiu na comparação de amplitudes de movimento obtidas pelos voluntários em reproduções de movimentos funcionais durante o uso do eletroestimulador desenvolvido e de um comercial. Com erro máximo de 3%, o eletroestimulador desenvolvido foi capaz de executar movimentos funcionais por meio de parâmetros da EEF, podendo ser útil no tratamento de reabilitação física.The use of electrical pulses for artificial reproduction movements, or Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES), is a consolidated technique for treating patients in rehabilitation. For this use, special instruments are employed to generate the signals, known as electrostimulators. This work describes the development of a portable electrostimulator with eight independent and synchronous channels, allowing a temporal activation program of their channels and making it possible to reproduce artificial movements similar to real ones. The hardware of this device has small dimensions (115 mm X 162 mm X 43 mm) and generates biphasic electrical pulses with maximum amplitudes of ± 100 mA. The pulses have durations from 100 to 800 µs and frequency from 50 to 1000 Hz. Also, there is an interface with a touchscreen liquid crystal display (LCD) for user interaction with the embedded software, which is responsible for controlling the complete system. A desktop software was developed to generate stimulatory programs, containing a virtual simulator that, using a 3D human model, allows adjustments in the stimulatory program before running it on a patient. The instrument complies with the electrical standards of the ABNT relating to electromedical equipment for neuromuscular stimulation. In vitro tests were performed following the rules described in standards to ensure compliance of functioning, and the electrical pulses provided by the device. As a result, the device showed values within the standard limits of safety, excessive temperatures, accuracy of operating data, protection of incorrect output, and human errors. Also, ten volunteers participated of in vivo tests to validate the instrument. The in vivo tests consisted on a comparison of movement ranges obtained by the volunteers in reproduction of functional movements during the use of a commercial electrostimulator and the developed one. With a maximum error of 3%, the developed instrument was capable to perform functional movements, and thus may be useful in treatment of physical rehabilitation.
42
Dums, José Flávio. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema para medir potência ativa em equipamentos eletrocirúrgicos em tempo real." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2782.
Full textAbstract:
FUMDES/UNIEDU; FITEJ;Este trabalho apresenta a concepção de estruturas eletrônicas que podem ser utilizadas para a leitura de tensão e de corrente em conversores estáticos de energia, chaveados ou não, que trabalham em frequências superiores a 100 kHz, em especial as frequências eletrocirúrgicas (300 kHz..5 MHz). Além das estruturas de leitura, também a potência instantânea e a potência ativa são determinadas de forma analógica, possibilitando o futuro desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle da potência ativa de saída de um equipamento eletrocirúrgico. O objetivo é apresentar uma estrutura cuja reatância seja desprezível na faixa de frequências considerada, ou cujo efeito possa ser compensado, possibilitando a criação de circuitos amostradores de sinais complexos, de alta frequência, com um baixo custo de implementação, e usar estas amostras para determinar a potência ativa entregue. Um breve estudo das características reais dos resistores axiais de sinal (resistores com corpo cilíndrico, revestido por um filme de carbono ou filme metálico e com fixação por terminais através de furos na placa de circuito impresso, do inglês Pin Through Hole - PTH), de superfície (Surface Mounted Device - SMD) e resistores de potência de fio também é apresentado. Em seguida, dois modelos simplificados, porém realísticos, são apresentados, sendo um para resistências inferiores a 100 Ohms (Ω) e outro para resistências superiores a 100 Ω. Na sequência, um sistema analógico que realiza a amostragem dos sinais de tensão e de corrente de saída é proposto, bem como um sistema que determina a potência ativa em tempo real. Cada sistema é desenvolvido e testado individualmente, sendo que os resultados validados de um estágio são utilizados para aferir a eficácia do estágio subsequente. Ao final, o conjunto é testado, por meio de uma sequência de ensaios, cujos resultados são analisados e as considerações acerca do sistema como um todo são apresentadas, enfatizando que o erro máximo no cálculo da potência ativa ficou abaixo de 20%, como exige a norma NBR IEC 60601-2-2, assim como o baixo custo de implementação foi alcançado. Por fim, estes resultados mostram uma maneira viável de implementar um sistema de medição de potência ativa para saídas de equipamentos eletrocirúrgicos.
This work presents the design of electronic structures that can be used for voltage and current probing in static power converters, switched or not, which work at frequencies above 100 kHz, in particular electrosurgical frequencies (300 kHz..5 MHz). In addition, also the instantaneous power and the active power are determined analogically, allowing the development of a control system that stabilizes active output power of an electrosurgical unit. The purpose of this work is to find a structure with neglectable reactance in the frequency band considered, or compensate them, creating low cost sampler circuits for complex high frequency signals. A brief study of Pin Through Holes (PTH) signal resistors, Surface Mounted Devices (SMD) signal resistor, and power wire resistors above 100 Ω characteristics is presented. Two realistic simplified models are proposed. One for signal resistances lower than 100 Ω and power wire resistors lower than 100 Ω. Another one for signal resistance greater than 100 Ω. Further, an analog system for reading the output voltage and current are proposed as well as one for real time active power determination. Each system is individually designed and tested. Validated results of one stage are used to assess the effectiveness of the subsequent stage. In the end, the full circuit is tested, and the results are analyzed demonstrating that a lower than 20% error is achieved as well as the low implementation cost. Finally, these results show a way to implement an active power measurement system for electrosurgical units that is unprecedented up to now.
43
Hillig, Mark Alexander. "Automated Channel Assessment for Single Chip MedRadio Transceivers." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1005.
Full textAbstract:
Modern implantable and body worn medical devices leverage wireless telemetry to improve patient experience and expand therapeutic options. Wireless medical devices are subject to a unique set of regulations in which monitoring of the available frequency spectrum is a requirement. To this end, implants use software protocols to assess the in-band activity to determine which channel should be used. These software protocols take valuable processing time and possibly degrade the operational lifetime of the battery. Implantable medical devices often take advantage of a single chip transceiver as the physical layer for wireless communications. Embedding the channel assessment task in the transceiver hardware would free the limited resources of the microprocessor. This thesis proposes hardware modifications to existing transceiver architectures which would provide an automated channel assessment means for implantable medical devices. The results are applicable beyond medical device applications and could be employed to benefit any low-power, wireless, battery-operated equipment.
44
Scremim, Reginato Domingos. "Aparelho de baropodometria para uso na reabilitação de alterações de marcha." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/303.
Full textAbstract:
As alterações neuro-motoras podem diminuir os movimentos, as atividades de vida diária e o convívio social. Dentro dessas alterações encontram-se as dispraxias ou apraxias dos movimentos que podem desequilibrar o movimento voluntário, principalmente dos músculos do tornozelo e desenvolver uma rigidez do movimento conhecida como "pé equino" diminuindo o apoio do calcanhar e consequentemente o controle do equilíbrio do corpo dificultando a deambulação. Como fonte de ajuda às pessoas acometidas por esse problema, desenvolveu-se um equipamento denominado Baropodômetro que utiliza o conceito de biofeedback, fornecendo informações audiovisuais, com o propósito de estimular e ou corrigir a falta de apoio do calcanhar no solo auxiliando na percepção do equilíbrio e correção da marcha. O equipamento faz a leitura da pressão aplicada pela parte da frontal e traseira dos pés sobre o solo por meio de sensores colocados em palmilhas e acomodados em calçados (e.g., sandálias). Essa ação é traduzida visualmente através de números mostrados em displays e por colunas de leds que acendem em sequência na medida em que a pressão sobre os sensores aumentam, bem como por um sinal de áudio com frequência variável e volume ajustável produzido por um alto-falante interno. O equipamento pode armazenar os dados coletados em um cartão de memória que pode ser lido em um microcomputador, permitindo montagens de tabelas e gráficos para análise posterior viabilizando o planejamento da ação de reabilitação. Com o auxilio de um método de reabilitação, o aparelho foi validado clinicamente com a participação de um grupo de dez pacientes voluntários que obtiveram um excelente resultado (i.e., todos os pacientes após 10 sessões conseguiram apoiar o pé comprometido) mostrando que é possível a reabilitação com a utilização do aparelho desenvolvido.The neuro-motor changes can reduce the movements, activities of daily living and social life. Within these changes are the dyspraxia or apraxia of movements that can unbalance the voluntary movement, especially of the ankle muscles and develop a stiffness of movement known as "equinus foot". The equinus foot decreases the heel support and consequently the balance control of the body making it difficult to walking properly. As a source of help to people affected by this problem, we developed a device called Baropodometer that uses the concept of biofeedback, providing audiovisual information in order to stimulate and or correct the absence of heel strike on the ground assisting in the realization and correction of balance and gait. The device reads the pressure applied by the front and rear part of the foot on the ground by means of sensors placed in insoles and accommodated in shoes (e.g., sandals). This action is translated visually through numbers shown in displays and columns of LEDs that are illuminated according to the increase of the pressure on the sensors, as well as an audio signal with variable frequency and adjustable volume produced by an internal buzzer. The device can store the collected data in a memory card that can be read on a microcomputer, allowing creation of tables and graphs for further analysis enabling the planning of rehabilitation action. With the help of a method of rehabilitation, the device was clinically validated with the participation of ten volunteers who achieved an excellent result (i.e, all patients after 10 sessions were able to properly support the equinus foot) showing that the rehabilitation is possible with the use of the developed device.
45
Gaiotto, Marcelo do Carmo Camargo. "Estimulador elétrico neuromuscular bifásico com saída em ponte H isolada eletricamente." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/888.
Full textAbstract:
A eletrônica empregada no desenvolvimento de estimuladores elétricos funcionais contempla enorme diversificação de técnicas e tecnologias, cujas soluções para o estágio de saída variam desde circuitos transistorizados (bipolares ou MOSFETs), transformadores de pulso até amplificadores operacionais de alta tensão. Desenvolver um estimulador elétrico neuromuscular bifásico com saída em ponte H isolada eletricamente. O sistema de estimulação elétrica neuromuscular bifásico contém saída em ponte H utilizando somente transistores MOSFET canal N, permitindo a geração de pulsos bifásicos e monofásicos com controle de amplitude independente para cada pulso, por meio de uma plataforma eletrônica flexível, que possibilita sua utilização com diversos tipos de elementos de controle, desde microcontroladores e FPGA até dispositivos de instrumentação virtual do tipo LabView. Foram realizados testes de bancada que permitiram avaliar o desempenho do instrumento todo e de seus módulos separadamente. A faixa de alimentação utilizada nos testes foi de 12 a 24V, sendo relacionada diretamente a técnica de geração da alta tensão empregada que permitiu produzir de 280 V a 300 V, utilizados na ponte H, que por sua vez, apresentou o desempenho esperado fornecendo pulsos bifásicos com valores de pico a pico de até 600 V, que pudendo ter sua amplitude dos pulsos controlada individualmente com uma resolução de 73,26 mV (4096 passos), permitindo, assim, a geração de diferentes padrões estimulatórios criados a partir da interface gráfica. O estimulador projetado propiciou o desenvolvimento de uma nova técnica de saída em ponte H utilizando transistores MOSFET canal N na construção de estimuladores elétricos neuromusculares com saída bifásica e com controle de amplitude independente para cada pulso. Tal funcionalidade poderá contribuir para novos estudos e trabalhos em reabilitação empregando estimulação elétrica neuromuscular, considerando que, por meio da interface gráfica criada, formas de ondas estimulatórias específicas podem ser geradas.The electronics used in the development of functional electrical stimulators include huge diversification of techniques and technologies, whose solutions for the output stage range from transistor circuits (bipolar or MOSFET), to pulse transformers and high-voltage operational amplifiers. To develop a biphasic neuromuscular electrical stimulator with electrically isolated H-bridge output. The electrical neuromuscular stimulation system contains biphasic H-bridge output using only N-channel MOSFET transistors, allowing the generation of mono and biphasic pulses whose pulse amplitudes are independently controlled by a flexible electronics platform, which enables its use with different types of control elements, from microcontroller and FPGA devices to Labview virtual instrument. Bench tests were performed that allowed to assess the performance of the instrument and all its modules separately. The power range used in the tests was 12 to 24V, the technique is directly related to generate the high voltage used which allowed to produce 280 V to 300 V, used in the H bridge, which in turn performed as expected providing pulses biphasic with peak to peak values of 600 V, which pudendal have its amplitude pulses individually controlled with a resolution of 73.26 mV (step 4096), thus allowing the generation of stimulatory different patterns created from the graphical interface. The project developed led the design of a new technique for H-bridge output using transistors N-channel MOSFET in the construction of biphasic neuromuscular electrical stimulator with independent amplitude control for each pulse. Such functionality can contribute to new studies and rehabilitation using neuromuscular electrical stimulation, whereas through the graphical user interface created stimulatory specific waveforms can be generated.
46
Losso, Elenize. "Proposta de um adaptador para pressão positiva em cânula metálica conectada à válvula exalatória." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2041.
Full textAbstract:
A traqueostomia é uma via aérea artificial que pode ser plástica ou metálica. Esta, para aplicação de pressão positiva necessita de um conector adaptador. Objetivo: desenvolver um conector para acoplar a cânula metálica à válvula exalatória. Metodologia: foram desenvolvidos três modelos para a peça conectora, a partir das medidas de uma cânula metálica número 5 e de duas válvulas exalatórias. Os dois primeiros modelos foram usinados em material poliamídico, sendo o primeiro com formato de funil e angulação de 140o próximo à extremidade conectável à cânula; o segundo com formato predominantemente cônico e angulação específica de 2o. O terceiro protótipo seguiu o modelo do segundo; porém, com resina e produzido em impressora 3D. Os conectores adaptadores foram testados com duas válvulas exalatórias, confeccionadas em acrílico, e identificadas como I e II. A válvula I é um tubo com orifício exalatório e uma entrada para oxigenioterapia. A válvula II contém dois tubos encaixáveis e com fuga contínua. Os testes envolveram: análise de vazamento com gerador de pressão positiva, programado em 7,5, 13 e 20 cmH2O, durante 1-2 h, em um modelo pulmonar analógico; medidas de pressões de entrada e de saída; ensaios mecânicos destrutivos; simulação computacional de fluxo e reação à esterilização. Resultados: obteve-se uma velocidade de fluxo maior no trajeto da via aérea superior até o brônquio esquerdo e distal à via aérea. Os testes destrutivos atingiram tensões máximas de 71,43 e 75,44 MPa, respectivamente, indicando que a poliamida é mais frágil que a resina. As medidas de vazamento apresentaram menor média, 18,8 (±10,78) l/m, na combinação da peça em resina com a válvula exalatória I. Na medida das pressões de entrada e saída do gerador, o erro encontrado foi de 4,48% sobre os valores das três pressões aplicadas. Quanto à esterilização, o procedimento em óxido de etileno afetou as dimensões e funcionalidade da peça em resina, mas as peças usinadas permaneceram inalteradas. Nos procedimentos de peróxido de hidrogênio e autoclave, não houve alteração na funcionalidade da peça em resina. Conclusões: A peça usinada, esterilizada apenas com óxido de etileno, permaneceu inalterada após o procedimento. A peça prototipada, submetida ao óxido de etileno, peróxido de hidrogênio e à autoclave apresentou alteração dimensional e funcional com o óxido de etileno. Quanto ao vazamento, a melhor solução é a combinação da peça em resina com a válvula I, exigindo menos do sistema de compensação. Para resultados conclusivos, aguardam-se os ensaios in vivo.Tracheostomy is an artificial airway which can be made by plastic or metal cannula. For applying treatment with positive pressure it needs an adapter connector. Objective: to create a connector to be attached between the metal cannula and the exhalation valve. Method: for the connector device, three models have been developed, from the dimensions of a metal cannula number 5 and two exhalation valves. The first two models were machined with polyamide material, having the first one funnel-shaped with an angle of 140° closed to the end connectable to the cannula; the second having predominantly conical shape and angular opening of 2°. The third prototype was built similarly to the second model. However, it is made by resin and produced on a 3D printer. Connectors were tested with two exhalation valves, made of acrylic and identified as I and II. Valve I is a tube with an exhalation hole and an inlet for oxygen therapy. Valve II contains two dockable continuous drain pipes. The evaluation tests involved: leakage analysis using positive pressure generator set at 7.5, 13 and 20 cmH2O for 1-2 h, in an analog lung model; input and output pressure measurements; destructive mechanical testing; computer-based flow simulation and reaction to sterilization. Results: it was obtained a higher flow velocity along the upper airway path till the left bronchus and distal to the air. Destructive testing reached maximum stresses of 71.43 and 75.44 MPa for the samples 1 and 2, respectively. Flow leaks' measurements had shown lower average for the combination of resin with exhalation valve I (18.8 (± 10.78) l/m). For the measures of input pressure and output of the generator, the error was found to be 4.48 % on the values of the three applied pressures. Regarding sterilization, the procedure with ethylene oxide has affected the dimensions and functionality of the resin-based device, but the machined prototypes remained unchanged. Concerning the hydrogen peroxide and autoclaving procedures, there was no change on the resin model ́s functionality. Conclusions: with relation to the flow leaks, the combination where occurred the least leaks was the resin based device with valve I. The machined connector, which was sterilized only with ethylene oxide, remained unchanged after the procedure. The prototype which was submitted to ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide and autoclave, had introduced dimensional and functional changes with the ethylene oxide. As for the flow leak, the best solution is the combination of the resin-based connector with valve I, demanding less of the compensation system. For conclusive results, in vivo essays are expected.
47
Nascimento, Leonardo Novaes do. "Um metodo para a avaliação de custos dos equipamentos medico-hospitalares nos procedimentos de assistencia a saude." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259860.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Saide Jorge CalilDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T16:40:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_LeonardoNovaesdo_M.pdf: 728894 bytes, checksum: a634cf10f92a568a1d7fcacc8a4c1797 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Embora pouco seja conhecido sobre a contribuição de equipamentos médicos no custo de atenção à saúde, eles têm sido apontados como grandes responsáveis pelo aumento nas despesas do setor de saúde. Este trabalho apresenta um método para analisar o modo como os equipamentos médico-hospitalares (EMH) consomem recursos durante os procedimentos médicos e para estimar os custos desses recursos. Focalizando o procedimento médico, o método combina o sistema de custeio baseado em atividades direcionado por tempo (Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing, TDABC) e técnicas de cálculo do custo do ciclo de vida (Life-Cycle Cost) para avaliar o papel dos equipamentos médicos no processo de assistência à saúde. O método é composto de duas fases: (1) mapeamento da estrutura de consumo de recursos e (2) identificação e alocação dos custos dos recursos ao procedimento. O método só avalia os custos diretamente relacionados aos equipamentos (como acessórios, itens descartáveis e manutenção). Os resultados mostraram que a contribuição dos equipamentos no custo de um procedimento médico depende do modo que ele é usado em cada procedimento e das práticas específicas do hospital.
Abstract: Although little is known about the contribution of medical equipment to the cost of providing health care, they have been pointed out as major cause of the increase in the health sector expenditures. This study presents a method to analyze the way medical equipment consumes resources during medical procedures and to estimate the costs of these resources. Focusing the medical procedure, the method combines Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) and Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) techniques to evaluate the role of medical equipment in the process of delivering health care. The method is composed of two phases: (1) mapping of the resource consumption structure and (2) identification and allocation of resource costs to procedures. The method only evaluates the costs directly related to the equipment (such as accessories, disposables and maintenance). The results showed that the contribution of equipment to the cost of a medical procedure depends on the way it is used in each procedure and on the hospital's specific practices.
Mestrado
Engenharia Biomedica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
48
Buck, Fabiano. "Análise dos intervalos (R-R) entre monitor WCS Pulse e eletrocardiograma portátil porta PAK/90." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2009.
Full textAbstract:
Intervalos dos batimentos (R-R) vêm sendo considerado pela literatura, como um dos mais promissores meios de análise do sistema autônomo. Porém, diversos monitores e seus métodos, necessitam de validação através da análise dos parâmetros de VFC. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar um instrumento portátil, específico para mensuração dos intervalos dos batimentos (R-R) da marca WCS Pulse. Para a proposta deste estudo, 30 indivíduos do sexo masculino praticantes de Jiu-Jitsu, foram monitorados através de ECG e monitor WCS Pulse. Os parâmetros de VFC: intervalos (R-R), LF, HF e LF/HF foram coletados em pré- exercício, 24 e 48 horas após exercício. Conforme os resultados observados, os instrumentos ECG e WCS Pulse apresentam forte correlação e forte coeficiente de correlação intra-Classe, nos parâmetros de VFC (LF, HF e LF/HF). Por outro lado, quanto aos valores de Student t aplicados nos intervalos (R-R), foi observado diferença significativa entre os instrumentos (p<0.05) em todos os momentos da pesquisa. Através deste estudo, pode-se considerar que o monitor dos intervalos dos batimentos (R-R) da marca WCS Pulse é uma ferramenta de biomarcador (não invasivo) eficaz. Nesta esteira, o equipamento de monitoração dos intervalos (R-R) WCS Pulse, demonstrou um grau de concordância para a utilização em centros de treinamentos esportivos e ciências da saúde; porém, os parâmetros de resolução de amostragem do instrumento WCS Pulse, deve ser mais bem observado quando for comparado com instrumentos existentes no mercado e ou eletrocardiogramas.The RR interval has been considered in the literature, the most promising analysis autonomous system. However, several monitors and validation methods is necessary through of the HRV parameters analysis. The aim of this study was, validate portable specific instrument to measurement RR interval WCS Pulse. For the proposal of this study, 30 male practitioners of BJJ were monitored through ECG and monitor Pulse WCS in different ways. The parameters of HRV: RR interval, LF, HF and LF / HF were collected in pre-exercise, 24 and 48 hours after exercise. Results: ECG instruments and WCS Pulse demonstrated strong correlation (r), and strong values to coefficient of intra-class in HRV parameters (LF, HF and LF / HF). In the other hand, the Student t values applied on the RR interval, was observed significant difference between the instruments in all moments of the research (p <0.05). Through this study, we consider that monitor RR interval WCS Pulse is effective biomarker tool (noninvasive). Thus, the equipment monitoring of RR intervals WCS Pulse, showed highs degree of agreements for use in sports training centers and Health Sciences; However, the instrument sampling resolution parameters, WCS Pulse should be more observed when compared to existing instruments in the market and electrocardiogram.
49
Delwiche, Thomas. "Contribution to the design of control laws for bilateral teleoperation with a view to applications in minimally invasive surgery." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210223.
Full textAbstract:
Teleoperation systems have been used in the operating rooms for more than a decade. However, the lack of force feedback in commercially available systems still raises safety issues and forbids surgical gestures like palpation. Although force feedback has already been implemented in experimental setups, a systematic methodology is still lacking to design the control laws.The approach developed in this thesis is a contribution towards such a systematic
methodology: it combines the use of disturbance observers with the use of a structured fixed-order controller. This approach is validated by experiments performed on a one degree of freedom teleoperation system. A physical model of this system is proposed and validated experimentally.
Disturbance observers allow to compensate friction, which is responsible for performance degradation in teleoperation. Contrary to alternative approaches,they are based on a model of the frictionless mechanical system. This allows to compensate friction with a time varying behavior, which occurs in laparoscopy.
Parametric uncertainties in this model may lead to an unstable closed-loop. A kind of "separation principle" is provided to decouple the design of the closed-loop system from the design of the observer. It relies on a modified problem statement and on the use of available robust design and analysis tools.
A new metric is proposed to evaluate the performance of friction compensation systems experimentally. This metric evaluates the ability of a compensation system to linearize a motion system, irrespective of the task and as a function of frequency. The observer-based friction compensation is evaluated with respect to this new metric and to a task-based metric. It correctly attenuates the friction in the bandwidth of interest and significantly improves position and force tracking during a palpation task.
Structured fixed-order controllers are optimized numerically to achieve robust closed-loop performance despite modeling uncertainty. The structure is chosen among classical teleoperation structures. An efficient algorithm is selected and implemented to design such a controller, which is evaluated for a palpation task. It is compared to a full-order unstructured controller, representative of the design approach that has been used in the teleoperation literature up to now. The comparison highlights the advantages of our new approach: order-reduction steps and counter-intuitive behaviors are avoided.
A structured fixed-order controller combined with a disturbance observer is implemented during a needle insertion experiment and allowed to obtain excellent performance.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
50
Luis, Hamilton Costa. "Sistema telemétrico com tecnologia RFID para medição de pressão." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2010. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1039.
Full textAbstract:
A necessidade da medicina por equipamentos eletrônicos portáteis, menores, confiáveis e baratos favorece o desenvolvimento de técnicas biotelemétricas passivas de monitoração nas aplicações biomédicas invasivas. Nesse trabalho são apresentados o desenvolvimento e o teste de um dispositivo sensor biotelemétrico passivo, que utiliza a tecnologia de identificação por radio freqüência - RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). O dispositivo desenvolvido, comumente chamado como tag, é comporto basicamente por três partes: a arquitetura RFID utilizada para baixa freqüência, a unidade de controle responsável pelo processamento dos dados e a unidade sensora responsável pela monitoração da pressão arterial. Como o tag e passivo, ou seja, não contém baterias, para que seja ativado é necessário um aparelho que faça sua energização e também decodifique os dados por ele transmitidos. Este aparelho que faz a leitura e envia um sinal para ativar o transponder é comumente chamado de leitora. A leitora utilizada neste projeto terá seu firmware adaptado de forma a processar o valor da pressão enviada pelo tag. São abordados neste trabalho tanto a modelagem teórica do sistema quanto a especificação prática dos componentes para os testes de validação. Na modelagem teórica são apresentados os modelos matemáticos comportamentais do sistema. Os resultados obtidos validam a metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento de um sensor RFID passivo que tem como finalidade mensurar a pressão arterial.The need of medicine for portable electronic equipments smallers [sic], reliables [sic] and inexpensive supports the development of biotelemetry techniques passive monitoring in invasive biomedical applications. In this work are presents [sic] the development and testing of a passive biotelemetry sensor device, which uses the technology of Radio Frequency Identification - RFID. The developed device, commonly referred to as the tag, is basically composed of three parts: the RFID architecture used for low frequency, the control unit responsible for data processing and sensor unit responsible for monitoring blood pressure. As the tag is passive i.e. does not contain batteries to activate it, It [sic] is necessary a device that makes its energizing and also decode the data transmitted by it. This device that reads and sends a signal to activate the transponder is commonly called a reader. The reader used in this project will have its firmware adapted to handle the pressure value sent by the tag. This work also presents theoretical modeling of the system and the specification of components for practicing the validation tests. In theoretical modeling are presented mathematical models of system behavior. The results validate the methodology used for the development of passive RFID sensor that aims to measure blood pressure.