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Journal articles on the topic 'Medical innovations – Social aspects'
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1
Karamysheva, Svetlana Gennadevna, Alexander Vladimirovich Grigoriev, Elena Mikhailovna Kiseleva, Alexandra G. Polyakova, and Sergey Barinov. "Artificial intelligence in the service of man: medical, social and economic aspects." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, no. 3C (October 5, 2021): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202173c1671p.619-626.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic technologies have recently been increasingly used in various areas of human activity. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to consider the medical, social and economic aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in various spheres of human activity. The reason for people turning to the above-mentioned innovations is to expand a number of human capabilities, increase labor productivity, reduce the negative impact of the human factor, etc. The social aspect of the use of robotic technologies should also not be underestimated. The economic aspects of the use of artificial intelligence and robotic technologies are the possibility of optimizing the number of labor resources, replacing a whole staff of auxiliary workers, which can significantly reduce the salary fund in general and the costs of a company using such technologies, in particular.
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Leo, Carlo Giacomo, Maria Rosaria Tumolo, Saverio Sabina, Riccardo Colella, Virginia Recchia, Giuseppe Ponzini, Dimitrios Ioannis Fotiadis, Antonella Bodini, and Pierpaolo Mincarone. "Health Technology Assessment for In Silico Medicine: Social, Ethical and Legal Aspects." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031510.
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The application of in silico medicine is constantly growing in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. These technologies allow us to support medical decisions and self-management and reduce, refine, and partially replace real studies of medical technologies. In silico medicine may challenge some key principles: transparency and fairness of data usage; data privacy and protection across platforms and systems; data availability and quality; data integration and interoperability; intellectual property; data sharing; equal accessibility for persons and populations. Several social, ethical, and legal issues may consequently arise from its adoption. In this work, we provide an overview of these issues along with some practical suggestions for their assessment from a health technology assessment perspective. We performed a narrative review with a search on MEDLINE/Pubmed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The following key aspects emerge as general reflections with an impact on the operational level: cultural resistance, level of expertise of users, degree of patient involvement, infrastructural requirements, risks for health, respect of several patients’ rights, potential discriminations for access and use of the technology, and intellectual property of innovations. Our analysis shows that several challenges still need to be debated to allow in silico medicine to express all its potential in healthcare processes.
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Bates, Victoria. "Yesterday’s Doctors: The Human Aspects of Medical Education in Britain, 1957–93." Medical History 61, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2016.100.
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In the wake of the Second World War there was a movement to counterbalance the apparently increasingly technical nature of medical education. These reforms sought a more holistic model of care and to put people – rather than diseases – back at the centre of medical practice and medical education. This article shows that students often drove the early stages of education reform. Their innovations focused on relationships between doctors and their communities, and often took the form of informal discussions about medical ethics and the social dimensions of primary care. Medical schools began to pursue ‘humanistic’ education more formally from the 1980s onwards, particularly within the context of general practice curricula and with a focus on individual doctor–patient relationships. Overall from the 1950s to the 1990s there was a broad shift in discussions of the human aspects of medical education: from interest in patient communities to individuals; from social concerns to personal characteristics; and from the relatively abstract to the measurable and instrumental. There was no clear shift from ‘less’ to ‘more’ humanistic education, but rather a shift in the perceived goals of integrating human aspects of medical education. The human aspects of medicine show the importance of student activism in driving forward community and ethical medicine, and provide an important backdrop to the rise of competencies within general undergraduate education.
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Krzywonos, Małgorzata, and Katarzyna Piwowar-Sulej. "Plant-Based Innovations for the Transition to Sustainability: A Bibliometric and in-Depth Content Analysis." Foods 11, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193137.
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Plants maintain the ecological equilibrium of the earth and stabilize the ecosystem. Today, traditional commodities and new value-added markets can be served simultaneously. There is significant biosource and bioprocess innovation for biobased industrial products. Furthermore, plant-based innovation is associated with the transition to sustainability. This study performed a bibliometric and in-depth content analysis to review plant-based innovations in the research field between 1995 and 2022. A set of 313 articles was identified from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Different analytical scientometric tools (topic mapping and overlay visualization networks) were used to analyze 124 articles; the most influential countries, institutions, authors, journals and articles were identified. Through in-depth studies, based on the grounded theory approach, five leading research areas related to plant-based innovation were determined: (1) agricultural/environmental innovation, (2) plant-based food or feed innovation, (3) innovation within the medical/pharmaceutical research area, (4) technology-related innovation and (5) economic/business aspects of plant-based innovations. Future research directions include exploring less examined and new topics, such as the sustainability implications of incorporating various plant-based foods and Industry 4.0 in plant-based innovation, and linking and developing findings from different research areas.
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Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo. "Genomics innovation: transforming healthcare, business, and the global economy." Genome 58, no. 12 (December 2015): 511–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0121.
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The genomics revolution has generated an unprecedented number of assets to propel innovation. Initial availability of genomics-based applications show a significant potential to contribute addressing global challenges, such as human health, food security, alternative sources of energies, and environmental sustainability. In the last years, most developed and emerging nations have established bioeconomy agendas where genomics plays a major role to meet their local needs. Genomic medicine is one of the most visible areas where genomics innovation is likely to contribute to a more individualized, predictive, and preventive medical practice. Examples in agriculture, dairy and beef, fishery, aquaculture, and forests industries include the effective selection of genetic variants associated to traits of economic value. Some, in addition to producing more and better foods, already represent an important increase in revenues to their respective industries. It is reasonable to predict that genomics applications will lead to a paradigm shift in our ability to ease significant health, economic, and social burdens. However, to successfully benefit from genomics innovations, it is imperative to address a number of hurdles related to generating robust scientific evidence, developing lower-cost sequencing technologies, effective bioinformatics, as well as sensitive ethical, economical, environmental, legal, and social aspects associated with the development and use of genomics innovations.
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Dubeya, Shivendra, Mahesh Kumar, and Dinesh Kumar Verma. "Machine Learning Approaches in Deal with the COVID-19: Comprehensive Study." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 17815–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.17815ecst.
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The novel COVID illness (COVID-19) has spread to more than 219 nations on the globe as a pandemic, making disturbing impacts on medical care, financial conditions, and global connections. The primary goal of the review is to give the Artificial Intelligence’s technological aspect and other applicable innovations and their suggestions for standing up to COVID-19 and prevention of the pandemic's frightful impacts. This article presents various approaches with AI moves toward that have huge contribution in the medical service fields, then, at that point, features and sorts their applications in facing coronavirus, like identification and finding, information examination and treatment methods, exploration and medication improvement, social control and benefits, and the expectation of outbreaks. The review tends to the connection between the innovations and the pandemics just as the expected effects of innovation in medical care with the presentation of AI and normal language processing devices. It is usual that this exhaustive review will uphold specialists in demonstrating medical services frameworks and drive further investigations in cutting edge innovations. At last, we conclude that enticing simulated artificial intelligence techniques, probabilistic models, as well as supervised learning are needed to handle future pandemic difficulties.
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Haluza, Daniela, and David Jungwirth. "ICT AND THE FUTURE OF HEALTH CARE: ASPECTS OF DOCTOR-PATIENT COMMUNICATION." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 30, no. 3 (July 2014): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462314000294.
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Objectives: The current digital revolution is particularly relevant for interactions of healthcare providers with patients and the community as a whole. The growing public acceptance and distribution of new communication tools such as smart mobile phones provide the prerequisite for information and communication technology (ICT) -assisted healthcare applications. The present study aimed at identifying specifications and perceptions of different interest groups regarding future demands of ICT-supported doctor–patient communication in Austria.Methods: German-speaking Austrian healthcare experts (n = 73; 74 percent males; mean age, 43.9 years; SD 9.4) representing medical professionals, patient advocates, and administrative personnel participated in a 2-round online Delphi process. Participants evaluated scenario-based benefits and obstacles for possible prospect introduction as well as degree of innovation, desirability, and estimated implementation dates of two medical care-related future set ups.Results: Panelists expected the future ICT-supported doctor–patient dialogue to especially improve the three factors doctors–patient relationship, patients’ knowledge, and quality of social health care. However, lack of acceptance by doctors, data security, and monetary aspects were considered as the three most relevant barriers for ICT implementation. Furthermore, inter-group comparison regarding desirability of future scenarios showed that medical professionals tended to be more skeptical about health-related technological innovations (p < .001).Conclusions: The findings of this survey revealed different expectations among interest groups. Thus, we suggest building taskforces and using workshops for establishing a dialogue between stakeholders to positively shape the future of ICT-supported collaboration and communication between doctors and patients.
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Viswanathan, Madhu, Ronald Duncan, Maria Grigortsuk, and Arun Sreekumar. "A Bottom-Up Approach to Understanding Low-Income Patients: Implications for Health-Related Policy." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 46, no. 3 (2018): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110518804220.
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A bottom-up approach grounded in micro-level understanding of the thinking, feeling, behavioral, and social aspects of living with low income and associated low literacy can lead to greater understanding and improvement of interactions in the health arena. This paper draws on what we have learned about marketplace interactions in subsistence economies to inform innovations in medical education, design and delivery of healthcare for lowincome patients, outreach education, and future micro-level research at the human-healthcare interface.
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DALTON-BROWN, SALLY. "The Ethics of Medical AI and the Physician-Patient Relationship." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 29, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180119000847.
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Abstract:This article considers recent ethical topics relating to medical AI. After a general discussion of recent medical AI innovations, and a more analytic look at related ethical issues such as data privacy, physician dependency on poorly understood AI helpware, bias in data used to create algorithms post-GDPR, and changes to the patient–physician relationship, the article examines the issue of so-called robot doctors. Whereas the so-called democratization of healthcare due to health wearables and increased access to medical information might suggest a positive shift in the patient-physician relationship, the physician’s ‘need to care’ might be irreplaceable, and robot healthcare workers (‘robot carers’) might be seen as contributing to dehumanized healthcare practices.
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Kutsenko, Vira, Iryna Kinash, and Hanna Yevtushenko. "SOCIAL DOMINANTS AS A CORE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES ON AN INNOVATIVE BASIS (synergetic aspect)." Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no. 10(29) (2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689.2021.10(29).11.
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In recent years, state policy has been aimed at accelerating Ukraine's integration into the European community, which provides for the improvement of social security. This should be facilitated by the active introduction of innovations. Market transformation of the economy requires solving a set of problems associated with the development of territorial communities. World experience shows that at present the main factor of economic growth is social dominants and the intellectual potential of the population. The article examines the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the development of social dominants as the core of the formation of territorial communities. With the help of these dominants, objective reasons are created and the possibilities for the formation of intellectual potential are determined. The main trends in the development of social dominants are analyzed, the assessment of the current state of the processes of social development on an innovative basis in the context of ensuring social cohesion of society is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the issues of using the resources of territorial communities. It is noted that a synergistic approach plays an important role, in particular when using human resources, determining their life trajectory, formed on a socio-innovative basis. The study revealed that social innovations become real if they are secured by investments, have a purposeful character, and acquire such forms of implementation as social projects and social reforms. It is emphasized that the specificity of innovation lies in the fact that it is not any purposeful change, but only one whose subject content is a practical innovation created as a response to human needs, after which it acquires maximum distribution until this need is completely saturated. Social innovations, as noted in the study, contribute to: the revival and enhancement of social and cultural values; ensuring social transformations of society; growth of labor potential; improving the quality of educational, medical, cultural and other services; and in general bring domestic social standards closer to the corresponding standards of developed European countries. Considerable attention is paid to the issues of enhancing socio-innovative activity. The authors note that the latter is achieved when it is based on solid knowledge. Therefore, the work pays great attention to the education system, including the provision of socio-innovative development of united territorial communities, which contributes to the formation of prerequisites for the innovative development of the country's economy and contributes to the development of a competitive economy as a whole. At the same time, the educational sphere itself must move to an innovative path of development, and this, in turn, needs to update the curricula, adapted to the realities of the modern period of the world and domestic economy. The article provides substantiated ways to improve the education system aimed at training competitive specialists. Also, the main directions of improving the image of knowledge, organizational and economic development of territorial communities have been developed.
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Bakhtin, Viktor Aleksandrovich. "Ethnocultural Aspects of Improving the Tourist Support of Medical Tourism." Социодинамика, no. 12 (December 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2022.12.39331.
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The subject of the study is the main and background institutional factors of medical tourism. It is proved that the background factors are, among other things, a complex of ethno-cultural components, the inclusion of which in the practice of the phenomenon can significantly increase the attractiveness of the host territory. Special attention is paid to such a factor as the ethno-cultural preparation of a medical tourist to stay in a different environment in terms of social interaction. The importance of the proposed approach in all types and forms of medical tourism is emphasized: health/medical, inbound, outbound, domestic (taking into account the polyethnicity of our country). The conducted sociological measurements (focus group discussions, mass survey) showed that such work with patients is not carried out. Health and wellness practices include the interaction of two social groups – the patient and the medical staff. In the case of medical tourism, the second of the groups is differentiated into two subgroups – medical personnel and specialists of the tourism industry. It is established that there is no unified scheme for ensuring the process at the level of collegial interaction of these two subgroups at all. The novelty of the research consists in actualizing this contradiction and substantiating the expediency of ethno-cultural preparation of a medical tourist to stay in a different environment in terms of social interaction in the context of multiculturalism. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to create an expert formation at the regional level, which could ensure the complexity of the interaction of both subgroups on the basis of public-private partnership and achieve a more capacious inclusion of the ethnocultural potential of the territory in the medical product. This poses the task of additional training of tourist specialists specifically for medical tourism - to work with patients in the direction of familiarizing them with the ethnocultural features of the receiving locus and with variants of models of interaction between a doctor and a patient.
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SNELL, KAROLIINA. "Health as the Moral Principle of Post-Genomic Society: Data-Driven Arguments Against Privacy and Autonomy." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28, no. 02 (April 2019): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180119000057.
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Abstract:In Finland, as well as all over the globe, great weight is put on the possibilities of large data collections and ‘big data’ for generating economic growth, enhancing medical research, and boosting health and wellbeing in totally new ways. This massive data gathering and usage is justified by the moral principle of improving health. The imperative of health thus legitimizes data collection, new infrastructures and innovation policy. It is also supported by the rhetoric of health promotion. New arrangements in health research and innovations in the health sector are justified, as they produce health, while the moral principle of health also obligates individual persons to pursue healthy lifestyles and become healthy citizens. I examine how, in this context of Finnish data-driven medicine, arguments related to privacy and autonomy become silenced when contrasted with the moral principle of health.
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Rachmawati, Rini, Estuning Tyas Wulan Mei, Idea Wening Nurani, Rizki Adriadi Ghiffari, Amandita Ainur Rohmah, and Martina Ayu Sejati. "Innovation in Coping with the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Best Practices from Five Smart Cities in Indonesia." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2021): 12072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112072.
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In relation to innovations which help to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, the best practices of several smart cities become an important input to organize and create strategies for future cities. This research aims to identify the responses of cities to the COVID-19 pandemic; analyze their innovation in tackling the COVID-19 pandemic; and create strategies and planning for the future of the cities. This study analyzes aspects such as the use of information and communication technology (ICT), smart city implementation, the biological disaster of the COVID-19 pandemic, the environment, and spatial plans. This research was carried out in five smart cities using a case study. The results indicated that each case had innovations for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. They showed a uniqueness and local innovations adapted to the problems faced in the five case areas. The innovations were demonstrated by the use of ICT-based applications in several public services as part of smart city implementation. The concept of a smart city, which addresses the biological disaster of the COVID-19 pandemic through the existence of ship-based isolation centers and sociotechnical innovations, was then adapted in various cities throughout Indonesia. In terms of the smart environment concept, this is translated through technological and social innovation approaches to improve medical and domestic waste management, public service systems, and the socialization of environmental protection programs in cities during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is allegedly accelerating the implementation of the smart city concept in spatial planning. There is a tendency for the use of public space in the city center to shift to local-scale service centers. Additionally, other activities are increasingly occupying the digital space so that it affects the arrangement of spatial organization and increases the need for ICT infrastructure. The efficient and flexible use of applications for supporting the implementation of smart cities needs to be broadened for the public services provided by both the government and private sectors. Meanwhile, in relation to the dimensions of a smart environment, it is necessary to take into account the waste management as a result of COVID-19. The same case is the aspect of spatial planning in which it is necessary to redesign open spaces for public use. City planning in the future also needs to be capable of the smart mitigation of non-physical disasters, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Teliura, N., and O. Lomakina. "WAYS OF IMPROVING THE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF URBANIZED AREAS: TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 171 (October 17, 2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2022-4-171-25-34.
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The paper describes a technique for identifying appropriate environmental technology options for populated areas. Based on the method of analysis of hierarchies (MAI), a methodical approach for determining the priority technologies of phytoremediation for the treatment of various types of wastewater from settlements has been developed. The developed approach makes it possible to involve experts in environmental, urban planning, social, and economic direction of municipal management bodies of a specific settlement, industrial, residential, and military facilities, where the construction of treatment facilities is planned, to justify decisions in the management of environmental safety of surface water bodies located near the specified settlements. According to the developed approach, criteria formulated as influencing groups of factors reflecting: input and output parameters of the cleaning system were proposed and used; circumstances that exist in the place where treatment facilities are planned to be built, and requirements that directly relate to phytoremediation technologies. Relevant experts, relying on various types of information (data of direct measurements, statistical and predictive estimates) on the specific purpose and location of treatment facilities, give their own judgments regarding the priority of the advantages of the specified criteria. Expert judgments are processed according to the formal procedure of the MAI, which is implemented on a computer, and is the basis for decision-making when choosing the priority technology of phytoremediation in specific conditions. The multi-criteria hierarchical structure of phytoremediation technology selection is represented by a sequence of actions that include the following stages: development of elements of a methodical approach; verification of the consistency of the proposed hierarchical structure for determining priority technologies based on the input data of several objects of settlements; obtaining data on the priority of phytoremediation technology for implementation on these objects. The advantages of the proposed methodical approach should include the possibility to link to a single algorithm for the justification of the required decision data that differ both in their content (ecological, biological in terms of higher aquatic plants, urban planning, social and economic) and in the form of presentation (data of direct measurements, statistical and predictive estimates). Keywords: environmental safety, system approach, technologies, tools and ecological and economic aspects of environmental protection activities, environmental quality, processing of eco-data, regulatory framework.
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Vatlina, L. V., S. G. Gorin, and E. A. Fesenko. "Educational transformations and the social subject: some aspects of positive dynamics." Professional education in the modern world 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2022-1-12.
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Introduction. Consideration of the prospects for positive transformations in modern Russian education, even at the level of problem formulation, remains relevant from the point of view of assessing possible further constructive transformations. It is important to analyze the possibilities of using traditional and innovative foreign and domestic experience in the face of new challenges.Problem statement. The article actualizes the problem of the correlation between the use of foreign cultural educational samples and domestic unique experience, taking into account the specifics of regional Siberian universities. A special place is occupied by the problems of practical application of the competence-oriented educational model, the use of IT technologies in the educational process, new trends in education, such as digital pedagogy, reverse learning, a variety of interactive and distance forms that constructively affect the subjectivity of the teaching community and students.Methodology of the study. The paper uses traditional methods of humanitarian research, in particular, systemic and structural-functional approaches, comparative and retrospective analysis, elements of sociological research (questionnaires, interviews, content analysis, etc.), as well as some methods of post-non-classical (synergetic) methodological approach. The published data of a sociological survey of teachers of humanities of four Novosibirsk and Altai universities and three educational institutions of additional education, as well as the results of interviewing teachers of higher education in the Siberian region, were used as an empirical basis for the study.Results. The article clarifies forecasts of further changes in the structure and trends in education, current problems of improving the competence-oriented educational model, taking into account foreign experience, based on the latest expert sources and official speeches of Russian educational methodologists and strategists. It is shown that in the form that it exists now, this model is opportunistic, overly formalized, methodologically vulnerable and therefore toxic to the modern qualitative educational process. In this sense, the necessary understanding has been reached at the level of the “regulator”, which is considering ways to reformat some of the Bologna Principles, for example, changing the structure of bachelor’s and master’s degrees. Attention is again focused on the problem of wages and other forms of material incentives for ordinary teachers of provincial universities, which, against the background of an increase in the academic load, as a rule, does not reach the average for the economy in the regions. At the level of the problem statement, the emerging difficulties of grant support for research work in educational organizations are considered.Conclusions. The article actualizes the problem of the correlation between the use of international and domestic unique experience, taking into account the specifics of regional Siberian universities. It is shown that in this direction, educational subjects have reached an understanding of the need for differentiated use of foreign cultural achievements and the active introduction of their own innovations, especially in the field of IT technologies and digital pedagogy. At the level of the problem statement, there is a tendency to tighten and formalize publication and other criteria for obtaining grants even by leading scientists and professors of higher education, not to mention dubious transformations in the system of the former RFH, RFBR and RSF. Obtaining grants is becoming a problem for provincial universities, and the corruption component and elements of scientific protectionism are also not excluded.
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Dydrov, Artur A. "Review of the Book “Historical Memory in Social Media” by Sophia Tikhonova, Denis Artamonov." Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies 3, no. 4 (December 18, 2021): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v3i4.198.
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The subject of review is the book “Historical Memory in Social Media” by Sofya Tikhonova and Denis Artamonov. In the book, the authors focus on the design and specification of the production of images of the past on the Internet and the gaming industry, referring to various materials, from text “fake” messages and memes to computer games. Research is not limited to the description of empirical data. The supporting structure of the research is the author's concept of digital history and digital philosophy of history. Research optics is aimed at determining the status of the digital subject of history, which seems to be an acute anthropological and socio-philosophical problem. The book discusses the issues of modification of the politics of memory, the production of “fakes”, the connotation of historical events, the trend of miniaturization of history and the crisis of great narratives. Considerable attention is paid to the everyday everyday practices of information production, woven into the context of “history making”. The review pays attention to all the main structural parts of the book and reproduces the logical sequence of the key ideas of the text. With references to the original author's text, the reviewer also gives his own interpretations of the conceptual and terminological innovations of the book, and also focuses on some controversial aspects of the research.
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Zeynalov, Zakir Gadzhi. "Innovation in Leasing and Leasing of Innovation: A Meta-Analysis." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 4 (2020): 202–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.4-16.
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The paper deals with the analysis of the approaches in defining the main research directions in the field of leasing of innovations and innovations in leasing. Developing the Internet and expansion of mobile Internet, the advent of the Internet of Devices, Fintech, Insurtech, and the development of sharing economy provokes many debates about the future of innovation within the asset finance and innovation in the leasing of assets. This paper aimed to determine the scientific publication tendencies in the field investigating the issues on leasing of innovations and innovations in leasing to identifying prospective research areas. The methodological instruments of this paper are bibliographic tool VOSviewer, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) databases. The study sample is 2513 scientific documents, published in the scientific journals indexed by Scopus (1915 documents) and WoS (598 documents) databases. The study has no limited time sample. The obtained results by Scopus and WoS tools showed the growing publication tendencies on the investigated issues. Besides, the number of papers in the Scopus database had a growing tendency with a variable rate. There is a significant increase in the number of papers that occurred from 2000 to 2010. In turn, the number of papers in journals indexed by WoS had been regularly rising during the analyzed period with a growth rate of 19,9%. Thus, this database shows a considerable growth of publications from 2010 to 2019. In 2019 the number of articles in the field of leasing of innovations and innovations in leasing increased by 412% compared to 2010. Therefore, the investigated issues remain popular in investigations of the great string of scientists. In the Scopus database, mostly the issues on leasing of innovations and innovations in leasing were investigated under the subject area as follows: Medicine, Engineering, Social Sciences, Environmental Science, Business, Management and Accounting, Computer Science. The author noted that the most significant part of the scientists who analyzed the leasing of the innovations and innovations in leasing was from the USA, China, United Kingdom, and Germany. Herewith, in 2019, the number of papers devoted to investigated issues enhanced in scientific journals with high impact factors such as Land Use Policy, European Journal of Operational Research, Ecology and Society. Therefore, it indicates that investigated issues are actually in the trends of sharing economy. The obtained results by VOSviewer analysis allowed identifying six clusters of the scientific publications scrutinized the leasing of the innovations and innovations in leasing from different perspectives. It worth mentioning that three out of six clusters have a close connection. The first biggest cluster links the keywords as follows: sustainable development, environmental impact, environmental protection, energy policy, land use, land management, fishery management, laws and legislation, risk assessment, etc. In turn, the second cluster indicated on the investigations in the sphere of information system and software in leasing. Three clusters (the third, fourth and fifth) are connected by the words «leasing – legal aspect – health care/medical practice management – hospital equipment/hospital information system», etc. The keywords such as financial management, taxes, capital financing, leasing – property, capital expenditure, accounting, legal aspect, management, and tax connected them with the sixth cluster. Keywords: innovation, leasing, leasing management, innovation in leasing.
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ANGELA, DOROGAN, NANU DIMITRIE, CARPUS IOANA, and IGNAT MIRCEA. "Aspects regarding vital functions monitoring through an adaptive textile system." Industria Textila 69, no. 04 (September 1, 2018): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.069.04.1505.
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Currently, there are about 80 million people with various types of disability in the European Union, but this number is expected to grow in the coming years, mainly due to the increasing proportion of older citizens. At European Union level, disability is seen as a problem of the whole society. This requires continuous training and adaptation in all spheres of life, for receiving and maintaining these persons in the mainstream of social life, in order to ensure all the facilities. There are powerful incentives for research and innovation in the social field (services for the benefit of people), medical field (diseases whose origin is unknown, customized medical protocols, non-conventional monitoring instruments etc.), or technology field (robotics, informatics, textiles etc.) in an equal manner. An important role is played by the adaptive clothing characterized by comfort, accessibility, safety and style. The paper includes aspects regarding the making of some experimental models of textile elements with electronic functions intended for vital functions monitoring systems.
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Kievit, Pieter, Marianne Schoorl, and Jeannette Oomes. "Quality Innovation in Healthcare – The Challenge of the Third Era." European Journal of Medicine and Natural Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/303oix63f.
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In the third era of quality assurance in health care, innovation is no longer the exclusive focus area of the individual medical professional dedicated to optimizing patient care nor is it achieved by design thinking by the health delivery organization aiming for economic sustainability. Change platform in the third era is the community of professionals, committed to providing the best possible care within the limits of organizational logic. We aim to clarify the conditions for sustainable quality improvement in health delivery organizations and in doing so to provide a means of improving initial feasibility assessment by identifying critical factors in the cooperation between different parties. We designed a model representing the sources of influence on the process of decision making regarding the selection of innovations and choosing the most effective implementation strategy. These sources are: aspects of legitimacy, core values and change readiness. We tested this model on a project, aimed at improving the efficiency of the OR in a Dutch University Clinic. The example project failed to deliver the projected outcome because of non-disclosed conflicting interpretations of core values and an implicit controversial status shift between medical professionals and OR management. This confirms the explaining power of our model. Successful implementation of quality innovation in health care depends (among other things) on addressing the challenges of differing concepts of legitimacy, conflicting core values and varying change readiness between social systems in complex organizations. Installing a QIC as such does not meet these challenges.
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Pini, Jonathan, Gabriele Siciliano, Pauline Lahaut, Serge Braun, Sandrine Segovia-Kueny, Anna Kole, Ines Hérnando, et al. "E-Health & Innovation to Overcome Barriers in Neuromuscular Diseases. Report from the 1st eNMD Congress: Nice, France, March 22-23, 2019." Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases 8, no. 4 (July 30, 2021): 743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jnd-210655.
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By definition, neuromuscular diseases are rare and fluctuating in terms of symptoms; patients are often lately diagnosed, do not have enough information to understand their condition and be proactive in their management. Usually, insufficient resources or services are available, leading to patients’ social burden. From a medical perspective, the rarity of such diseases leads to the unfamiliarity of the medical staff and caregiver and an absence of consensus in disease assessment, treatment, and management. Innovations have to be developed in response to patients’ and physicians’ unmet needs. It is vital to improve several aspects of patients’ quality of life with a better comprehension of their disease, simplify their management and follow-up, help their caregiver, and reduce the social and economic burden for living with a rare debilitating disease. Database construction regrouping patients’ data and symptoms according to specific country registration on data privacy will be critical in establishing a clear consensus on neuromuscular disease treatment. Clinicians also need technological innovations to help them recognize neuromuscular diseases, find the best therapeutic approach based on medical consensus, and tools to follow patients’ states regularly. Diagnosis also has to be improved by implementing automated systems to analyze a considerable amount of data, representing a significant step forward to accelerate the diagnosis and the patients’ follow up. Further, the development of new tools able to precisely measure specific outcomes reliably is of the matter of importance in clinical trials to assess the efficacy of a newly developed compound. In this context, creation of an expert community is essential to communicate and share ideas. To this end, 97 clinicians, healthcare professionals, researchers, and representatives of private companies from 9 different countries met to discuss the new perspective and challenges to develop and implement innovative tools in the field of neuromuscular diseases.
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Serdiuk, N., and G. Vangorodska. "Human rights in the context of implementing health reform." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 69 (April 15, 2022): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.69.11.
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In general, the legal state of social orientation places the person in the first place as the highest value of society; therefore, human health is not only a guarantee of its long, active and useful life, but also a source of spiritual health of society.
Since health care activities are related to the reproduction of real everyday life of people, it is necessary to identify the main criteria for modernization and organizational and legal support of the state doctrine of health care of the social state governed by the rule of law: 1) socio-economic, psycho-emotional, environmental conditions for health; 2) the level of medical care; 3) availability of safe and healthy forms of life; 4) civil rights and guarantees for receiving medical care and living in a safe environment; 5) the ability to choose medical services and health-friendly behaviors and lifestyles; 6) material and socio-cultural bases for the development of human health potential in accordance with his social status and health status; 7) ways of regulation, social control of health care, pharmacology and medicine; 8) the degree of responsibility of social actors for the preservation of health; 8) the degree of responsibility of social actors for the preservation of health; 9) ways to reduce social inequality in health care and health care; 10) social interests, needs, expectations, motives and incentives of social actors in the field of health care.
The purpose of formation of the state doctrine of health care of the social legal state of the decision of the following tasks: 1) methodological substantiation of the criteria for distinguishing social innovations in the field of health care from the whole array of innovations; 2) sociological analysis of innovative solutions in the field of health care, considered in relation to the principles of social policy in the field of health care: justice, equality (accessibility), efficiency, coordination of interests; 3) sociological analysis of satisfaction with health services and the expectations of different groups and categories of the population on the need and directions for improving certain aspects of its activities; 4) development of methods for studying health self-assessments as a quality in demand in the innovative economy; 5) public opinion on the prospects for the development of the health care system; 6) study of the professional vocation of doctors in the context of increasing work motivation and the formation of a relationship of trust between doctor and patient; 7) development of scientifically substantiated recommendations aimed at improving the quality of management of innovative development in the field of health care.
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Kapczynski, Amy. "Commentary: Innovation Policy for a New Era." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, no. 2 (2009): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00370.x.
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Intellectual property policy is a key social and political issue for all countries today. This is particularly evident in the area of pharmaceutical and other medical technologies, especially given the appalling global disparities in health outcomes around the world, the importance of health to development, and the high economic returns of investment in health. Appropriate medicines, diagnostics, vaccines, and monitoring equipment are, of course, a key component of health care systems. And intellectual property policy — and most particularly, patent policy — can have substantial effects on the price and availability of medicines and other medical technologies.
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Komandzhaev, Alexandr N., Badma V. Sangadzhiev, and Evgeniy A. Komandzhaev. "Калмыцкая степь Астраханской губернии в конце XIX в. (по новым архивным материалам)." Oriental studies 15, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-60-2-259-269.
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Introduction. The article introduces into scientific circulation newly discovered archival materials and analyzes actual conditions in Kalmyk Steppe of Astrakhan Governorate in the late 19th century. The issue remains topical enough, which results from its poor historiographic tradition: only a few works have been published in the modern period just to outline some fragmentary aspects. In addition, interdisciplinary, civilizational and cultural approaches are urgently needed to address this theme. Goals. The work attempts a complex characterization of Kalmyk uluses and Kalmyk society in the late 19th century. The former shall be instrumental in defining traditional features and identifying the degree of introduction of new phenomena in socioeconomic development of the region. So, the paper provides data on quite a range of aspects inherent to Kalmyk life. The chronological framework of the study (late 19th century) is well justified: the Kalmyks had spent almost 300 years within Russia’s borders, which makes it possible to determine the degree of preservation of traditional essentials and identify the influence of innovations. Materials and methods. The work employs a set of general scientific and special historical research methods. Special attention is paid to the principles of historicism and systemacity helpful in analyzing events from over 100 years ago and considering the latter in connection with other aspects of Kalmyk social life. Interdisciplinary and civilizational approaches make it possible to present objective accounts of complex processes. The mentioned documents are stored at the Russian State Historical Archive and the National Archive of Kalmykia. The former are mainly represented by consolidated annual reports of Astrakhan Governor describing actual conditions in Kalmyk Steppe — a special administrative and territorial unit of Astrakhan Governorate. Results. The paper analyzes the reports for data on territory and population of Kalmyk Steppe, economy and social structure of Kalmyk society, school and medical aid systems. It also stresses accounts of Astrakhan Kalmyks’ moral appearances by Astrakhan officials. Conclusions. The study shows that Astrakhan Kalmyks were still a traditional nomadic society at the turn of the 20th century. Their livelihood was based on extensive nomadic livestock breeding with the same species and breeds as 300 years ago, though some innovations had been perceived (occasional winter forage conservation, construction of permanent buildings in some localities). All needs of Kalmyks were fully satisfied with their own farmsteads. The innovations included attempts to engage in agricultural activities in suitable areas of Maloderbetovsky Ulus next to resettled Russian peasants, and the involvement of Kalmyk communities in market relations.
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Handwerker, Lisa. "Social and Ethical Implications of In Vitro Fertilization in Contemporary China." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4, no. 3 (1995): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100006101.
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In March 1988 the People's Republic of China announced the birth of the first test-tube baby born to a 39-year-old infertile peasant woman. This surprise announcement appeared in strong contradiction to China's population reduction goals amidst a population crisis. Yet, the media attention given to this medical achievement would seem to be consistent with the political, social, and economic changes taking place in the last decade, including technological innovation as the key to a modern socialist nation. In short, this announcement highlights tensions facing China as it simultaneously attempts to modernize within a trans-national economy, control population, and maintain traditional Confucian family values within a rapidly changing context.
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Szendi, Dóra, and György Kocziszky. "Changes in the social and technological innovation potential of the Visegrad (V4) regions (2001–2019)." Észak-magyarországi Stratégiai Füzetek 19, no. 4 (2022): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32976/stratfuz.2022.42.
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For more than a century, technical progress and innovation have been at the forefront of economics. This is one of the reasons why the importance of innovation has been recognised by economic policy makers and the concept has become part of the public narrative. However, this does not mean that research has come to an end, which would in any case contradict Schumpeter's theory of the need for change and renewal. Despite the wealth of knowledge we have, we can state that there are a number of recurring (e.g. social and ethical aspects of innovation, etc.) and new (e.g. spill-over effects of innovation, the effectiveness of public intervention in supporting the development of innovation networks, etc.) questions that can be asked about innovation. In the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008, the cyclical COVID crisis starting in 2019 and, not least, the Russian-Ukrainian war, the peripheral regions of the post-socialist countries of Europe are falling further behind. Research, development and innovation investment, already extremely low, has further declined and the economic outlook has worsened. Social innovation may therefore be of particular importance in these regions. Our study has two main parts. First, we briefly review the place and role of innovation in economic thinking and assess the definitions of social innovation; in the second part we analyse the differences in the NUTS2 regions of the Visegrad countries in terms of the ranking of technological and social innovation potential.
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LeBlond, Wilfrid. "Rehabilitation in Industry." Relations industrielles 8, no. 2 (February 25, 2014): 190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1022958ar.
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Summary Vocational rehabilitation in industry is more and more important; this article intends to cover the social and economic aspects of this problem. There are two factors in rehabilitation: the first, purely medical (prevention, medical and surgical treatments), concerns industrial medicine and the second, medico-social, consists of directing and counselling the handicapped worker. Rehabilitation has brought to the disabled person his recovery as a citizen, as a worker and as a father of a family.
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Aljeldah, Mohammed M. "Antimicrobial Resistance and Its Spread Is a Global Threat." Antibiotics 11, no. 8 (August 9, 2022): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11081082.
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a challenge to human wellbeing the world over and is one of the more serious public health concerns. AMR has the potential to emerge as a serious healthcare threat if left unchecked, and could put into motion another pandemic. This establishes the need for the establishment of global health solutions around AMR, taking into account microdata from different parts of the world. The positive influences in this regard could be establishing conducive social norms, charting individual and group behavior practices that favor global human health, and lastly, increasing collective awareness around the need for such action. Apart from being an emerging threat in the clinical space, AMR also increases treatment complexity, posing a real challenge to the existing guidelines around the management of antibiotic resistance. The attribute of resistance development has been linked to many genetic elements, some of which have complex transmission pathways between microbes. Beyond this, new mechanisms underlying the development of AMR are being discovered, making this field an important aspect of medical microbiology. Apart from the genetic aspects of AMR, other practices, including misdiagnosis, exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, and lack of rapid diagnosis, add to the creation of resistance. However, upgrades and innovations in DNA sequencing technologies with bioinformatics have revolutionized the diagnostic industry, aiding the real-time detection of causes of AMR and its elements, which are important to delineating control and prevention approaches to fight the threat.
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Kleiderman, Erika, Vardit Ravitsky, and Bartha Maria Knoppers. "‘Serious’ factor—a relevant starting point for further debate: a response." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 2 (November 6, 2019): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105832.
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In this reply, we wish to defend our original position and address several of the points raised by two excellent responses. The first response (De Miguel Beriain) questions the relevance of the notion of ‘serious’ within the context of human germline genome modification (HGGM). We argue that the ‘serious’ factor is relevant and that there is a need for medical and social lenses to delineate the limits of acceptability and initial permissible applications of HGGM. In this way, ‘serious’ acts as a starting point for further discussions and debates on the acceptability of the potential clinical translation of HGGM. Therefore, there is a pressing need to clarify its scope, from a regulatory perspective, so as to prevent individuals from using HGGM for non-therapeutic or enhancement purposes. The second response (Kalsi) criticizes the narrow interpretation of the objectivist approach and the apparent bias towards material innovations when discussing the right to benefit from scientific advancements. As an in-depth discussion of the objectivist and constructivist approaches was beyond the scope of our original paper, we chose to focus on one specific objectivist account, one which focuses on biological and scientific facts. We agree, however, with the critique that material innovations should not be the sole focus of the right to benefit from scientific advancements, which also incorporates freedom of scientific research and access to scientific knowledge scientific freedom and knowledge, including the influence of these on ethical thinking and cultures.
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Bowen, Deborah J., Yuhua Bao, Jo Anne Sirey, and Anna D. H. Ratzliff. "Integrated behavioral health treatments: innovations to achieve population impact." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 3 (June 2020): 520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa059.
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Abstract Translational Behavioral Medicine is a journal that brings together relevant scholars and practitioners to produce articles of scientific and practical significance in a variety of fields. Here, we published a call for manuscripts detailing the study of innovations in the field of implementation of integrated care in the USA. We present 13 articles, all peer reviewed and all targeting some aspect of integrated care implementation. These articles include medical and community-based settings, as well as interventions that effectively engage peers, family members, and other social systems to support and extend care. The behavioral health conditions of interest include but were not limited to those that carry the greatest population disease burdens: depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse disorders. Examples of cross-cutting issues of high interest include research focused on provider and system barriers to integrated care implementation, interventions to improve the use of innovative treatments, disparities in access to care and quality of treatment, the intersection of behavioral health disorders and complex chronic conditions as it affects regimen adherence, health services organization and quality of care, policy effects, innovative methods using health information and mHealth technologies, and personalized/precision medicine. This introduction briefly summarizes some of the relevant topics and background literature. We close with an eye toward future research activities that will continue to advance the field and offer directions to stimulate new research questions in the area.
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Kurniawan, Muhammad Rudi, Sahrul N, and Syafwandi Syafwandi. "Semiotic Analysis of a Public Service Advertising I compost food waste." Nirmana 19, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.9744/nirmana.19.2.90-97.
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Most of the current researches on analyzing public service advertisings (PSA) about food waste into compost is concentrated on the interconnection between environmental, economic, and social aspects. This study has considered the semiotic analysis of the selected PSA through Barthes’ The Five Codes theory. Using the semiotic framework, the paper explains the messages of the PSA “I Compost Food Waste” and describes how this advertising provides insight into design innovation. The findings have shown that the PSA combined with the semiotics is capable of raising people’s awareness about food waste into compost.
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Roberson, Mya L., Joshua S. Woods, Lesley Glenn, Julia Maues, Deltra James, Sonya A. Reid, and Shekinah Nefreteri Cluff Elmore. "Reimaging metastatic breast cancer care delivery: A patient-partnered qualitative investigation." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 28_suppl (October 1, 2022): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.28_suppl.259.
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259 Background: Treatment advances for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have markedly increased survival over the last several decades. Despite the clinical innovation that has occurred, there remains substantial fragmentation of care and lack of focused attention on MBC survivorship care. This study partnered with Project Life, an MBC-survivor led patient wellness community to assess MBC patient experiences with treatment experiences and social support services. Methods: We conducted, virtual, in-depth semi-structured qualitative interviews among people who were members of the Project Life Wellness community. The interview guide and study materials were developed in collaboration with Project Life leadership. A study flyer was distributed by Project Life to members that included a link to an eligibility survey. Participants were eligible if they self-identified as having MBC, were a member of the Project Life community, and could complete the interview in English. As part of the interview, we asked, “How would you re-imagine medical care for people with metastatic breast cancer?” We then systematically processed responses with phronetic iterative analysis, using the mixed-methods research software MAXQDA, to uncover contextually grounded, emergent themes through synthetic coding. Results: We interviewed 36 women with MBC who were members of the Project Life Wellness Community in Spring 2022. In terms of age, 8 (22%) participants were 30-45, 15 (42%) were 46-59, and 13 (36%) were 60+. Overall, 22% of participants identified as people of color (Black, Latina, or Asian). In response to how they would reimagine MBC care delivery, all participants touched upon dimensions of care coordination. Aspects of care coordination that participants specifically raised included 1) Organized referral processes for non-oncology care like mental health services, sexual health care, and palliative care; 2) The need for MBC-specific support services within the care setting; 3)Patient connection to psychosocial aspects of care including social work and patient navigation; 4) Streamlined processes for identifying and enrolling in clinical trials. Conclusions: In our investigation, when asked how they would reimagine MBC care delivery, participants overwhelmingly endorsed the need for more care coordination along several key domains. Responses highlighted the unique needs of care coordination specific to MBC patients. Future care innovations should center patient voices to ensure optimal impact.
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Tigard, Daniel W. "Artificial Moral Responsibility: How We Can and Cannot Hold Machines Responsible." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30, no. 3 (June 10, 2021): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180120000985.
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AbstractOur ability to locate moral responsibility is often thought to be a necessary condition for conducting morally permissible medical practice, engaging in a just war, and other high-stakes endeavors. Yet, with increasing reliance upon artificially intelligent systems, we may be facing a widening responsibility gap, which, some argue, cannot be bridged by traditional concepts of responsibility. How then, if at all, can we make use of crucial emerging technologies? According to Colin Allen and Wendell Wallach, the advent of so-called ‘artificial moral agents’ (AMAs) is inevitable. Still, this notion may seem to push back the problem, leaving those who have an interest in developing autonomous technology with a dilemma. We may need to scale-back our efforts at deploying AMAs (or at least maintain human oversight); otherwise, we must rapidly and drastically update our moral and legal norms in a way that ensures responsibility for potentially avoidable harms. This paper invokes contemporary accounts of responsibility in order to show how artificially intelligent systems might be held responsible. Although many theorists are concerned enough to develop artificial conceptions of agency or to exploit our present inability to regulate valuable innovations, the proposal here highlights the importance of—and outlines a plausible foundation for—a workable notion of artificial moral responsibility.
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Marmul, Larisa, and Alexander Zhuchinsky. "Directions of increasing the efficiency of the development of social infrastructure enterprises in rural communities under the conditions of decentralization." University Economic Bulletin, no. 53 (June 25, 2022): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2022-53-75-82.
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The subject of the study is theoretical aspects and practical proposals regarding the strategic directions of development of enterprises and institutions of social infrastructure in the countryside under conditions of decentralization. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical principles and practical recommendations regarding the directions of development and increasing the efficiency of the functioning of enterprises of the social infrastructure of rural territorial communities in conditions of decentralization. The methodological basis of the article is the methods and approaches of economic, institutional and theory of sustainable development. In particular, historical, monographic, economic comparisons, statistical-economic, systemic-structural analysis and synthesis were used. Results of the article. As a result of the research, it was found that the main problems of the enterprises of the socio-cultural sphere, respectively, and the strategic directions of development relate to the optimization of their placement and ensuring operation and proper maintenance; expansion of the range of services and their optimization and new forms of provision; development of new sources of financing, motivation of personnel and intensification of community cooperation in socio-cultural activities. The directions of the development of educational institutions relate to improving the quality of educational services, improving the content and organization of training, financing, including and on the principles of implementing the "New Ukrainian School" concept; ensuring budgeting and filling of preschool education institutions with children; increasing the prestige and preserving the network of professional (vocational and technical) education institutions on the basis of duality of education, improving educational programs in cooperation with employers. The directions of development of medical institutions in the village relate to the spread of family and insurance medicine; improvement of primary medical care forms; introduction of innovations in all types of services and financial income "according to the patient". Field of application of results. Conclusions and practical recommendations can be used in the activities of social infrastructure enterprises; business and public organizations; territorial communities and their leadership; the educational process of institutions of secondary special and higher education. Conclusions. A comprehensive analysis of the problems of the development of enterprises and organizations and institutions of the main sectors of social infrastructure in the village (socio-cultural, educational, medical) made it possible to come to the conclusion that they were and in many cases remain acute and require an urgent solution; have different manifestations in accordance with sectoral and territorial characteristics; depend on the effectiveness of the management decisions of the management, community specialists, and the active civic position of all their members. Meanwhile, it is decentralization that allows them to be solved most productively, systematically and in a short time. The financial resources and authorities available to communities already provide and can provide in the future the main strategic directions of the development of social infrastructure enterprises: optimization of the number, placement and capacity of institutions and forms of service provision; introduction of innovations directly into the main activity, management and organization, investment and their modernization.
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Tal, Orna, and Yaron Connelly. "OP23 Setting The Value Of New Technologies - A Survey." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, S1 (2018): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462318000855.
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Introduction:Technology assessment in hospital traditionally involves parameters of safety, effectiveness and costs. The prosperity of medical innovations in an era of scarce resources requires more precisely refined methodologies to measure ‘added value’. Our aim was to reveal the added values of technologies by asking professionals to prioritize their adoption into hospitals.Methods:Twelve innovative technologies that were discussed for adoption over three years were controversial regarding their actual “added value”. Fifty-two managerial health professionals ranked these technologies on two scales: hierarchic importance (league scale) and comparative score rating (CSR), reflecting willingness-to-pay (WTP). The distribution of ranking indicates the internal agreement (IA) among the participants.Results:There was only partial correlation between the two scales. For example, glucose-monitoring was ranked ‘highly important’ on the hierarchic (league) scale with high CSR/WTP, but with low IA. This can be interpreted as “a valuable technology but with disagreement on comprehensive adoption in the entire hospital”. The surgical robot was ranked ‘highly important’ on the hierarchic scale with low CSR/WTP, but with high IA, meaning “a valuable technology but with consensus to delay adoption in the hospital”. Overall, the participants raised thirty-two “values” that can be assorted into five clusters of significance: clinical effect (6 values), social/public dimension (8 values), patient-physician interaction (9 values), technological aspect (5 values) and policy-regulatory perception (4 values).Conclusions:We identified different ‘;patterns’ for defining the ‘value’ of various technologies. Revealing these aspects can create a “set of values” of relative weights that may explain the added value considerations in prioritization of decision making. Interestingly, there were technologies that were ranked low, but achieved a high rating. This can be explained by individual personal-oriented added value perspectives. Using this innovative tool to incorporate social value-based scores can assist in understanding the determinants, beyond the current traditional rationing mechanism, that guide professionals while prioritizing medical technologies.
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Southworth, Elizabeth, and Sara H. Gleason. "COVID 19: A Cause for Pause in Undergraduate Medical Education and Catalyst for Innovation." HEC Forum 33, no. 1-2 (January 22, 2021): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10730-020-09433-5.
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West, Mary Beth, and Joan McIver Gibson. "Facilitating Medical Ethics Case Review: What Ethics Committees Can Learn from Mediation and Facilitation Techniques." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 1, no. 1 (1992): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100000098.
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Medical ethics committees are increasingly called on to assist doctors, patients, and families in resolving difficult ethics issues. Although committees are becoming more sophisticated in the substance of medical ethics, little attention has been given to the processes these committees use to facilitate decision-making. In 1990, the National Institute for Dispute Resolution in Washington, D.C., provided a planning grant from its Innovation Fund to the Institute of Public Law of the University of New Mexico School of Law to look at what ethics committees can learn from facilitation and mediation techniques. The study's thesis was that, if adapted for use by medical ethics committees, facilitation and mediation techniques can be helpful to those bodies in case review consultations and in other internal committee processes. This article reports on that project.
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Balasubramanian, Balamuralikrishnan, Wenchao Liu, Karthika Pushparaj, and Sungkwon Park. "The Epic of In Vitro Meat Production—A Fiction into Reality." Foods 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061395.
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Due to a proportionally increasing population and food demands, the food industry has come up with wide innovations, opportunities, and possibilities to manufacture meat under in vitro conditions. The amalgamation of cell culture and tissue engineering has been the base idea for the development of the synthetic meat, and this has been proposed to be a pivotal study for a futuristic muscle development program in the medical field. With improved microbial and chemical advancements, in vitro meat matched the conventional meat and is proposed to be eco-friendly, healthy, nutrient rich, and ethical. Despite the success, there are several challenges associated with the utilization of materials in synthetic meat manufacture, which demands regulatory and safety assessment systems to manage the risks associated with the production of cultured meat. The role of 3D bioprinting meat analogues enables a better nutritional profile and sensorial values. The integration of nanosensors in the bioprocess of culture meat eased the quality assessment throughout the food supply chain and management. Multidisciplinary approaches such as mathematical modelling, computer fluid dynamics, and biophotonics coupled with tissue engineering will be promising aspects to envisage the future prospective of this technology and make it available to the public at economically feasible rates.
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Yang, Qiyu, Yu Cheng, Feiyang Chen, Weiran Cheng, and Zhenning Qi. "Research on the Development Path of Online Referral based on the Background of Smart Medicine." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v2i11.2772.
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Smart medical treatment is an important direction of the development of medical informatization in China in the new era. On the basis of studying the current development level of medical informatization in China, this paper summarizes the problems and challenges faced in the current development of smart medicine in China, focuses on the current situation of referral under the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system in China, and scientifically analyzes the problems of complicated procedures and difficult transfer to the referral mode under the qualification line. This paper expounds the necessity and importance of building an online referral model, discusses the core essence, content system and its development and innovation, and expounds the contemporary value and significance of building an online referral model. The innovative path of building the online referral mode is put forward from the aspects of economic development conditions, technological development conditions, objective conditions of national policy support conditions, public feedback conditions and subjective conditions of social development conditions.
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Samanta, Jo, and Ash Samanta. "Quackery or quality: the ethicolegal basis for a legislative framework for medical innovation." Journal of Medical Ethics 41, no. 6 (December 31, 2014): 474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2014-102366.
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Totskaya, Ye G., and M. A. Sadovoy. "MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATION IN HEALTH CARE AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 13, no. 5 (October 28, 2014): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2014-5-184-194.
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The paper reviews topical issues of organization and management of innovative activity in the regional health care system.Objective. Development and scientific substantiation of a conceptual model of managing innovation in the regional health care system, introduction of institutional mechanisms for its implementation, and evaluation of their efficacy in using diagnosis and treatment technologies. Objectives of the study included reviewing the organization status and problems hampering the development, identification of prospects, and justification for appropriate changes in innovation in healthcare system and medical science at the regional level.Material and methods. To conduct a comprehensive assessment of the status and meet challenges of innovation promotion, a methodology for social-hygienic research was worked out including bibliographic and analytical methods, situational analysis, sociological and economic methods, expert assessment, methods for quality management system audit in accordance with ISO 19011:2002, IDEFO function modeling (RD IDEF0-2000), and organizational modeling. The study was based on the analysis of foreign and domestic literature, statistics, methods for managerial modeling, as well as management experience (including innovative methodological approaches) gained by Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Ya.L. Tsivyan which meets the requirements for a platform for research and innovative product reproduction, including research, clinical, organizational, and managerial aspects. Other facilities were considered in conjunction with the leading innovative platform.Results. The paper presents a scientifically based model of innovative medical environment with its elements as subjects, each with a set of functions. Conceptual model for management includes structuring (resource, processes, and quality management; application of international standards) and strategic management mechanisms, provides a systematic approach to management, and ensures efficient operation of medical institutions and public access to innovative medical diagnostic technologies. The advantage of innovative products and technologies using within the doctrine of innovative management is that they provide a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of patients. The introducted managing innovation technologies allow to improve organizational performance of healthcare institutions and to achieve significant medical and social effects: high level of diagnosis and treatment, improved access and quality of care what promotes the public health.Conclusion. Formation of regional innovation medical environment with advanced innovation infrastructure, interaction of its elements through an effective system of coordination and control is a prerequisite and basis for more mature and system-level structure – an industry innovative cluster. Active development of innovation in health care based on cooperation among the different actors of innovation and interagency collaboration provides a professional staff to the sphere of research commercialization, accomplishes innovative technology transfer to a real economy, and enables the integration in the worldwide innovation environment through the implementation of technological and scientific research projects.
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Prauzner, Tomasz. "Analysis of the Results of the Pedagogical Research and Eeg in the Aspect of Effective Modern Teaching Aids in the Technical Education." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 18, 2015): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2015vol4.414.
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<p class="IATED-Affiliation">The development of computer technology is reflected in among other things, the development of modern didactics. Current pedagogy and media education, as a fast developing discipline of general pedagogy, is a topic of a number of studies. Applying the modern multimedia aids at various stages and in various types of education is considered as an indispensable element of modern didactics, due to new opportunities the modern media offers. The paper deals with didactic innovations based on research conducted within pedagogy on the observable social changes induced by development in information technology. The main objective of the paper is to address the issue how to apply modern technology and research findings on the functioning of the brain in order to improve the effectiveness of the learning process. The paper presents only the results of a pilot study, which can be used as a basis for further research using medical equipment for analyzing EEG brain waves for didactic purposes.</p><p> </p>
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Mano, Max S., Rafaela Gomes, Gustavo Werutsky, Carlos H. Barrios, Gustavo Nader Marta, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza, Antonio Luiz Frasson, et al. "Cross-Cultural Validity Study of a Medical Education Leadership Competencies Instrument in Latin American Physicians: A Multinational Study." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 5 (December 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.19.00243.
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PURPOSE Physicians rarely receive formal training in leadership skills. Çitaku and colleagues have identified a set of leadership competencies (LCs) providing validity evidence in North American (NA) and European Union (EU) medical education institutions. We aim to apply this same survey to a sample of Latin American (LA) medical leaders from the oncology community and related areas, compare the results with those of the previous survey, and perform subgroup analyses within the LA cohort. METHODS The survey was sent to nearly 8,000 physicians of participating professional organizations. In addition to the 63 questions, we also collected data on the type of institution, country, specialty, sex, age, years of experience in oncology, and leadership position. RESULTS The 217 LA respondents placed the highest value on task management competencies (91.37% reported these as important or very important v 87.0% of NA/EU respondents; P < .0001), followed by self-management (87.45% of LA respondents v 87.55% of NA/EU respondents; P = not significant [NS]), social responsibility (86.83% of LA respondents v 87.48% of NA/EU respondents; P = NS), innovation (86.69% of LA respondents v 85.31% of NA/EU respondents; P = NS), and leading others (83.31% of LA respondents v 84.71% of NA/EU respondents; P = NS). Social responsibility, which was first in importance in the NA/EU survey, was only third in the LA survey. Subgroup analyses showed significant variations in the ratings of specific LCs within the LA population. CONCLUSION LCs valued by LA leaders somewhat differ from those valued by their NA and EU counterparts, implying that cultural aspects might influence the perception of desired LCs. We also detected variations in the responses within the LA population. Our data indicate that current physician leadership training programs should be tailored to suit specific needs and cultural aspects of each region. Further validity studies of this instrument with other samples and cultures are warranted.
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Mano, Max S., Rafaela Gomes, Carlos H. Barrios, Gustavo Nader Marta, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza, Antonio Luiz Frasson, Cinthya Sternberg, et al. "Cross-cultural validation of a medical leadership competencies survey in Latin-American physicians: A multinational study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 10517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.10517.
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10517 Background: Despite the growing complexity in the healthcare sector, physicians rarely receive formal training in leadership skills. In a previous survey, Citaku et el identified a set of leadership competencies (LC) which were evaluated by North-American (NA) and European (EU) leaders involved with medical education. We aim 1) To apply this same survey to a population of Latin-American (LA) physicians from the oncology community and related areas who hold leadership positions of various levels; 2) To compare the results with those of the previous survey and 3) To perform subgroup analyses within the LA cohort. Methods: The survey was sent to close to 8.000 members of contributing medical societies from LA countries. In addition to the 63 questions with 5 possible responses, we also collected data on type of institution (private vs public), country of practice, main specialty, gender, age, years of experience in oncology and years of experience in leadership position. Results: We collected a total of 217 responses on a web-based tool. LA leaders placed the highest value on task-management competencies(91,37% of `important` or `very important` responses vs 87,0% for NA/EU; p < .0001), followed by self-management(87,45% vs 87,55%; p = NS), social responsibility(86,83% vs 87,48% ; p = NS), innovation(86,69% vs 85,31% ; p = NS) and leading others(83,31% vs 84,71% ; p = NS). Social responsibility, which was first in importance in the NA/EU survey, was only third in the LA survey. Subgroup analyses revealed significant interactions which will be fully presented. Conclusions: We successfully applied the survey to a population of LA medical leaders from the oncology community and related areas. LC valued by LA leaders somewhat differ from those valued by their NA/EU counterparts, implying that cultural aspects might influence the perception of desired/required LC. We also detected significant variations in the responses within the LA population. Our data might indicate that current physician leadership training programs should be tailored to suit specific needs and cultural aspects of each region. Further validation of this survey in other clusters of world culture is warranted.
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Reidenberg, Marcus M. "Conflict of interest and medical publication." Science and Engineering Ethics 8, no. 3 (September 2002): 455–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-002-0067-5.
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Crook, M. A. "The Risks of Absolute Medical Confidentiality." Science and Engineering Ethics 19, no. 1 (May 25, 2011): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9283-1.
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DeMets, David L. "Statistics and ethics in medical research." Science and Engineering Ethics 5, no. 1 (March 1999): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-999-0059-9.
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Mijaljica, Goran. "Medical Ethics, Bioethics and Research Ethics Education Perspectives in South East Europe in Graduate Medical Education." Science and Engineering Ethics 20, no. 1 (February 23, 2013): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-013-9432-9.
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Lianov, Liana S., Grace Caroline Barron, Barbara L. Fredrickson, Sean Hashmi, Andrea Klemes, Janani Krishnaswami, Jenny Lee, et al. "Positive psychology in health care: defining key stakeholders and their roles." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 3 (June 2020): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz150.
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Abstract Lifestyle-related diseases have common risk factors: physical inactivity, poor diet, inadequate sleep, high stress, substance use, and social isolation. Evidence is mounting for the benefits of incorporating effective methods that promote healthy lifestyle habits into routine health care treatments. Research has established that healthy habits foster psychological and physiological health and that emotional well-being is central to achieving total well-being. The Happiness Science and Positive Health Committee of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine aims to raise awareness about strategies for prioritizing emotional well-being. The Committee advocates for collaborative translational research to adapt the positive psychology and behavioral medicine evidence base into methodologies that address emotional well-being in nonmental health care settings. Another aim is to promote health system changes that integrate evidence-based positive-psychology interventions into health maintenance and treatment plans. Also, the Committee seeks to ameliorate health provider burnout through the application of positive psychology methods for providers' personal health. The American College of Lifestyle Medicine and Dell Medical School held an inaugural Summit on Happiness Science in Health Care in May 2018. The Summit participants recommended research, policy, and practice innovations to promote total well-being via lifestyle changes that bolster emotional well-being. These recommendations urge stakeholder collaboration to facilitate translational research for health care settings and to standardize terms, measures, and clinical approaches for implementing positive psychology interventions. Sample aims of joint collaboration include developing evidence-based, practical, low-cost behavioral and emotional assessment and monitoring tools; grants to encourage dissemination of pilot initiatives; medical record dashboards with emotional well-being and related aspects of mental health as vital signs; clinical best practices for health care teams; and automated behavioral programs to extend clinician time. However, a few simple steps for prioritizing emotional well-being can be implemented by stakeholders in the near-term.
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Ornarowicz, Urszula. "Innovations. Market and Social Aspects." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 4, no. 349 (November 4, 2020): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.349.07.
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Areas of research in economics and management science become increasingly close – they overlap and become very similar. New events, new products of people’s actions, new patterns of behaviour arise with a pace unknown before. Institutionalisation of these phenomena aimed at their broad codification also takes on new forms. We live in an age of ubiquitous innovativeness. Naturally, the question arises: should innovations be perceived in the same way as in the past? Are there any new types of innovations that have appeared lately? Are the current definitions of market and social innovations still up to date? The aim of the article is to present a change in approach to innovations over time, with particular focus on their market and social aspects. The author attempts to answer the following questions: how did technological progress visible in the networking of economy influence the understanding of social innovations, what is the role of social production and exchange which replace gradually market exchange, in the social innovation definition, to what extent is the cooperation within a community in the virtual space characteristic of a special class of social innovation? The research method used by the author is based on literature studies on innovations and on the economics of cooperation (access, sharing, co‑use). It comprises an analysis of different concepts of innovation, in particular different definitions of the name, an analysis of different approaches to cooperation economics, comparisons of the obtained results, and conclusions formulation. The approach to innovation changes over time – from a technical, social and market approach to a differently understood today social approach. Contemporary, the criteria for innovation “society” are different. The understanding of innovation is influenced by the increased role of social production and exchange at the expense of market exchange. The networking of the information economy significantly strengthens the social aspect of innovation. Cooperation within a community, including co‑creation of goods, access to them, their co‑use and sharing, is an extreme example of the advantage of the social dimension of innovation over its market aspect.
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Yan, Qi, Siqing Shan, Menghan Sun, Feng Zhao, Yangzi Yang, and Yinong Li. "A Social Media Infodemic-Based Prediction Model for the Number of Severe and Critical COVID-19 Patients in the Lockdown Area." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 8109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138109.
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Accurately predicting the number of severe and critical COVID-19 patients is critical for the treatment and control of the epidemic. Social media data have gained great popularity and widespread application in various research domains. The viral-related infodemic outbreaks have occurred alongside the COVID-19 outbreak. This paper aims to discover trustworthy sources of social media data to improve the prediction performance of severe and critical COVID-19 patients. The innovation of this paper lies in three aspects. First, it builds an improved prediction model based on machine learning. This model helps predict the number of severe and critical COVID-19 patients on a specific urban or regional scale. The effectiveness of the prediction model, shown as accuracy and satisfactory robustness, is verified by a case study of the lockdown in Hubei Province. Second, it finds the transition path of the impact of social media data for predicting the number of severe and critical COVID-19 patients. Third, this paper provides a promising and powerful model for COVID-19 prevention and control. The prediction model can help medical organizations to realize a prediction of COVID-19 severe and critical patients in multi-stage with lead time in specific areas. This model can guide the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other clinic institutions to expand the monitoring channels and research methods concerning COVID-19 by using web-based social media data. The model can also facilitate optimal scheduling of medical resources as well as prevention and control policy formulation.