Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medical innovations – Social aspects'
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1
Haenssgen, Marco Johannes. "Mobile phone diffusion and rural heathcare access in India and China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3f48fc8b-5414-4851-926b-07a57eed6cfe.
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Three decades of mobile phone diffusion, thousands of mobile-phone-based health projects worldwide ("mHealth"), and tens of thousands of health applications in Apple's iTunes store, but fundamental questions about the effect of phone diffusion on people's healthcare behaviour remain unanswered. Empirical, theoretical, and methodological gaps in the study of mobile phones and health reinforce each other and lead to simplifying assumptions that mobile phones are a ubiquitous and neutral platform for interventions to improve health and healthcare. This contradicts what we know from the technology adoption literature. This thesis explores the theoretical link between mobile phone diffusion and healthcare access; develops and tests a new multidimensional indicator of mobile phone adoption; and analyses the effects of phone use on people's healthcare-seeking behaviour. My mixed methods research design - implemented in rural Rajasthan (India) and Gansu (China) - involves qualitative research with 231 participants and primary survey data from 800 persons. My research yields a qualitatively grounded framework that describes the accessibility and suitability of mobile phones in healthcare-seeking processes, the heterogeneous outcomes of phone use and non-use on healthcare access, and the uneven equity consequences in this process. Quantitative analysis based on the framework finds that mobile phone use in rural India and China increases access to healthcare, but it also invites more complex and delayed health behaviours and the over-use of scarce healthcare resources. Moreover, increasing phone-aided health action threatens to marginalise socio-economically disadvantaged groups further. I present here the first quantitative evidence on how mobile phone adoption influences healthcare-seeking behaviour. This challenges the common view that mHealth interventions operate on a neutral platform and draws attention to potential targeting, user acceptance, and sustainability problems. The framework and tools developed in this thesis can support policy considerations for health systems to evaluate and address the healthcare implications of mobile phone diffusion.
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Kativu, Tatenda Kevin. "A framework for the secure consumerisation of mobile, handheld devices in the healthcare institutional context." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18630.
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The advances in communication technologies have resulted in a significant shift in the workplace culture. Mobile computing devices are increasingly becoming an integral part of workplace culture. Mobility has several advantages to the organisation, one such example is the “always online” workforce resulting in increased productivity hours. As a result, organisations are increasingly providing mobile computing devices to the workforce to enable remote productivity at the organisations cost. A challenge associated with mobility is that these devices are likely to connect to a variety of networks, some which may insecure, and because of their smaller form factor and perceived value, are vulnerable to loss and theft amongst other information security challenges. Increased mobility has far reaching benefits for remote and rural communities, particularly in the healthcare domain where health workers are able to provide services to previously inaccessible populations. The adverse economic and infrastructure environment means institution provided devices make up the bulk of the mobile computing devices, and taking away the ownership, the usage patterns and the susceptibility of information to adversity are similar. It is for this reason that this study focuses on information security on institution provided devices in a rural healthcare setting. This study falls into the design science paradigm and is guided by the principles of design science proposed by Hevner et al. The research process incorporates literature reviews focusing on health information systems security and identifying theoretical constructs that support the low-resource based secure deployment of health information technologies. Thereafter, the artifact is developed and evaluated through an implementation case study and expert reviews. The outcomes from the feedback are integrated into the framework.
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Artz, Matthew. "An Ethnography of Direct-to-Consumer Genomics [DTCG]: Design Anthropology Insights for the Product Management of a Disruptive Innovation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1248393/.
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Direct-to-consumer genomics (DTCG) health testing offers great promise to humanity, however to date adoption has lagged as a result of consumer awareness, understanding, and previous government regulations restricting DTCG companies from providing information on an individual's genetic predispositions. But in 2017 the broader DTCG market which also includes genealogical testing demonstrated exponential growth, implying that DTCG is starting to diffuse as an innovation. To better understand the sociocultural forces affecting diffusion, adoption, and satisfaction, qualitative ethnographic research was conducted with DTCG genealogy and health consumers. The data was qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis to understand the similarities and differences in beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and mediating factors that have influenced consumers. Design anthropology theory and methods were used to produce ethnographically informed insights. The insights were then translated into actionable product management and business strategy recommendations.
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Bourke, Jane. "Adoption of innovations in Irish general practices : prescription drugs, medical equipment and ICT." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/47159/.
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In this thesis we explore innovation in general practices in Ireland. Drawing on an encompassing equilibrium, disequilibrium and learning-by-using model of adoption, we examine the influences of general practitioner (GP) and practice characteristics, strategic behaviour, learning and knowledge spillovers, and cumulative learning from previous adoption decisions on the perceived benefits of adopting and using innovations in general practices. Ours is the first application of this theoretical framework to timing of adoption, multiple technology adoption and intensity of adoption decision-making in a health care setting. Our examination focuses on three innovations, prescription drugs, medical equipment and Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Our analysis is based on two data sources, a secondary dataset which brings together GPs prescribing history over a 4½ year time period with information on the characteristics of the 625 GPs themselves, and a cross-sectional primary dataset which provides us with information for 601 general practices concerning practice structure and use of medical equipment and ICT. Employing duration analysis, multivariate Probit and ordered Probit econometric techniques, we examine the adoption, use and intensity of use of prescription drugs, medical equipment and ICT respectively. Irish GPs exhibit notable innovative behaviour with respect to prescribing innovation and practice development. Our research demonstrates that Irish GPs respond to informational stimuli with respect to adoption and use of new prescription drugs, medical equipment and ICT. Furthermore, Irish GPs are incentivised by commercial and market considerations. In addition, we find the extent which a practice adopts technologies and learns from that experience influences both ensuing prescribing and investment decision-making. Our empirical findings support an economic approach to examining decision-making in a health care setting and the application of our encompassing theoretical model to examinations of adoption and use of innovations by health care professionals.
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Young, Nora. "Mastery and enslavement as themes in modern discourses on technology." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59822.
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The author calls into question the primacy of the optimism/pessimism split within modern discourses on technology and suggests rather that the dominant thematic division in these discourses is that between mastery over and enslavement to technology. Each of these is criticized with respect to the faulty conception of control it implies. The author concludes with a view of technology as a social practice in order to move beyond mastery or enslavement.
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Eriksson, Per Gustav. "Analysis of Physiotherapists Perceptions for Improvement of Digital Innovation." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279129.
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With the current challenges for the healthcare such as increased demand for care, financial and resource constraints along with rapid changes and complexity there is high believe in digital innovation and digitalisation to efficacy resources and aid in delivering a safer, more accessible and patient centred valuable care. There is a digitalisation that is ongoing, being used and implemented over several different areas of healthcare. Since healthcare can be seen as a complex adaptive system, there is a need to understand several agents. The aim is to gather more knowledge about perceptions within the physiotherapy staff and give recommendations and directions for improvements regarding digital innovation. Opinions about digital innovation have been gathered with open interviews and a semisystematic literature review with focus on physiotherapy. Too find subjective data the mixed method Q methodology was applied. The open interviews resulted in eight categories: digital innovation, digital innovation being used, digital innovation not used, management, obstacles, education, wishful thinking, applications and systems and associated opinions. The semi-systematic literature review showed on a rapid scientifically development, 25 articles was found and thematically analysed. 140 cited viewpoints and facts was merged with the results from the open interviews. Ten physiotherapists performed the q-sort consisting of 25 statements. Three factors were found. Interpreted as digital innovation optimism & patient oriented, digital innovation scepticism & management oriented and digital innovation sceptical optimism. Video-call technique is strongly encouraged by factor one contrary to factor two. Integrity is the major conflicting viewpoint between the factors. The result shows that gender can affect if a physiotherapist is either optimistic or sceptical to digital innovation. Using existing models such as UTAUT could improve acceptance about digital innovation. Education is perceived as important among all factors. Nine participants responded on baseline questions showing low knowledge of the term mHealth and little communication with IT departments.
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Maluke, Rethabile Olive. "Science and technology policies and structures in Southern Africa : a discussion of the concept of national system of innovation with reference to Malawi, Namibia and South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50089.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The interface between science and technology and the society has led to the notion of science as a social contract, in which scientists, politicians and the general public are called upon to acknowledge the urgency of using all fields of science and technology to address human needs. Science and technology is used as an instrument of change for a better quality of life and sustainable development for the present and future generations. The object of science and technology policies is to achieve specific development objectives. It is thus imperative to adopt science and technology policies that support the national development strategies. It is also important to set up science and technology structures to facilitate the proper functioning of the science and technology system. Competitiveness constitutes one of the most important challenges facing Southern Africa today. With globalization and the expansion of world trade competition, it has become more difficult for Southern African enterprise to keep up with the pace of technological developments. In the light of these challenges, most countries are driving towards the adoption of a national system of innovation (NSI) to encourage the interaction of policies, research and development, human resource development and industrial development. The study is induced by major science and technology set backs, which are common across countries in Southern Africa namely, poor co-ordination mechanisms, poor science and technology infrastructure and a lack of funding. The study provides background information on the theoretical framework of the concept of NSI. For the research method, a qualitative research design was followed with content analysis of existing documents. Published documents were used to provide information on the three countries, which were used as case studies namely Malawi, Namibia and South Africa. The main focus of the case studies is on the following: an outline of the policy goals of each of the three countries, the concept of the NSI as it is expressed by each of the countries and the science and technology structures in the three countries. The study identified poor co-ordination of science and technology activities as the key problem of all three countries. The structures differ slightly and in particular, the placement of the management of science and technology determines the efficiency of the system. The South African NSI is well established as its network is strengthened by the National Advisory Council for Innovation and the National Research and Development Strategy. Next is Namibia which has a system in place, while Malawi is still at the initial stages of setting up its NS!.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die koppelvlak tussen wetenskap en tegnologie en die gemeenskap het gelei tot die siening van wetenskap as 'n sosiale kontrak waarin wetenskaplikes, politici en die algemene publiek versoek word om te erken dat dit nodig geword het om alle vertakkinge van wetenskap en tegnologie aan te wend om menslike nood te verlig. Wetenskap en tegnologie word gebruik as 'n instrument om verandering teweeg te bring ter bevordering van 'n beter kwaliteit lewe en volhoubare ontwikkeling vir die huidige en toekomstige generasies. Die doel van 'n wetenskap en tegnologiebeleid is om spesifieke ontwikkelingsdoelstellings te verwesenlik. Dit is dus noodsaaklik dat hierdie beleid in ooreenstemming met die nasionale onwikkelingsstrategieë ontwerp moet word. Dit is ook belangrik om wetenskap en tegnologiestrukture in plek te stel wat die effektiewe funksionering van die sisteem kan vergemaklik. Mededingbaarheid is een van die grootste uitdagings wat Suider Afrika tans in die gesig staar. Met globalisering en die uitbreiding van wêreldhandel het dit moeiliker geword vir Suider Afrikaanse ondernemings om in pas te bly met tegnologiese ontwikkeling. In die lig van hierdie uitdagings stuur die meeste lande in die rigting van 'n Nasionale Sisteem vir Innovasie (NSI) om interaksie tussen beleid, navorsing en ontwikkeling, menslike hulpbronontwikkeling en industriële ontwikkeling aan te moedig. Wat aanleiding gegee het tot hierdie studie is die wetenskap en tegnologieprobleme wat algemeen voorkom in die lande in Suider Afrikaanse, naamlik onvoldoende koërdinasie meganismes, swak wetenskap en tegnologie-infrastruktuur en 'n gebrek aan fondse. 'n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp is gevolg waarin analise van die inhoud van dokumente as navorsingsmetode gebruik is. Die studie verskaf agtergrond-inligting oor die teoretiese raamwerk van die NSI konsep. Gepubliseerde dokumente is gebruik om inligting te verskaf oor die drie lande wat as gevallestudies dien, naamlik Malawi, Namibië en Suid-Afrika. Die hooffokus van die gevallestudies is soos volg: 'n raamwerk van die beleidsdoelstellings van elk van die drie lande, die konsep NSI soos toegepas deur elkeen en die wetenskap en tegnologiestrukture in elk van die betrokke lande. Die studie het swak koërdinasie van wetenskap en tegnologie-aktiwiteite as die sleutelprobleem van aldrie lande geïdentifiseer. Die strukture verskil effens van mekaar en veral die plasing van die wetenskap en tegnologiebestuur bepaal die effektiwiteit van die stelsel. Die Suid Afrikaanse NSI is goed gevestig omdat sy netwerk versterk word deur die Nasionale Adviesraad vir Innovasie en die Nasionale Navorsing- en Ontwikkelingstrategie. Volgende is Namibië wat 'n sisteem in plek het, terwyl Malawi nog maar in die beginstadium is van die daarstelling van hul NSI.
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Lau, Chi-chung, and 劉治中. "Speed and immobility in urban space and cinema." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41508762.
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Chalustowski, Jan Francis. "Digital video communication : interpretive frameworks of key stakeholders." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36280/1/36280_Chalustowski_1996.pdf.
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Digital Video Communication (DVC) is an emerging technology which ultimately extends to
include applications of "Virtual Reality" where both computers and participants interact in
created worlds: "worlds of information, hubs, data bases and networks," which overlay "the
physical manifestations of power, walls, boundaries, highways and cities" (Mulgan, 1991,
p.3). This new technology combines the power of the current visual media with the power of
the computer, creating an intelligent communication system with increased data capacity,
greater reliability and a greater potential for synergism.
The direction and development of DVC can be influenced by the key stakeholders with
interests in the business, industry service and entertainment sector of technology. Knowledge
of the interpretive frameworks that key stakeholders use to understand DVC may help to
clarify the present and future courses of DVC. In particular the possibility of public
influence on the emergence of DVC is examined.
This study, then, is an attempt to describe the ways in which key stakeholders understand the
emergence of DVC as revealed by their communication about DVC. The analysis therefore
emerges from the described experiences of the people who comprise the study group To achieve this, detailed secondary analyses of interviews with twenty of Australia's key
stakeholders in the emergence of DVC were conducted. Follow-up interviews were
conducted with twelve of the original respondents to review the original transcripts as well as
to establish a longitudinal perspective. Theoretically, the study is anchored in the debate
regarding technological determinism. The thesis takes the perspective that an extreme
determinist stance must be rejected as part of the process of making decisions and
implementation of this emerging technology.
The themes of analysis revealed in the study were:
• The Technological Mindset,
• The Economic Rationalist Mindset,
• Decision Making, Control and Knowledge,
• Participation and Consultation,
• New Technology and Information Access.
In place of a deterministic model for technology, DVC will be viewed as being socially
constructed. However, it is argued that a holistic, co-evolutionary approach be adopted for
introducing new technologies such as DVC where there is an emphasis on human values and
human actions which affect future systems outcomes (Stevenson, 1992). In sum, this thesis will argue that the process of technological development ought to be open
to the influence by the "collective will." This development should not assume the diffusion
of technology through society and thereby become a singular power of repressive interest to
enforce ownership and participation (Hill, 1988), but rather it should merge economic and
social goals with individual goals, and in doing so, recognise that different types of ends must
necessarily co-exist in any system of communication (Mulgan, 1991).
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Eni, Godwin Onuoha. "Chiropractic medical system : the making of a clientelle." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27298.
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Most sociological explanations for the success of chiropractic in attracting and maintaining its clientele have failed to consider the clinical context and the nature of the interaction between chiropractors and clients. Rather, most studies have focussed on leadership qualities, the professionalization process, and the ancillary role of chiropractic in health care to account for its success with clients.
This study argues that chiropractic in British Columbia is successful in making its clientele because: (1) it is able to persuade new clients toward chiropractic health care by using strategies that are designed to minimize the political, social and economic constraints upon it; (2) chiropractors are able to negotiate successfully, the differences in the health and illness beliefs [HMs] that are held by new clients and chiropractors as well as differences in explanations [EMs] for "present" health problems; and (c) chiropractors are able to provide potential patients with "positive" experiences in chiropractic clinics, which are different, in some respects, from experiences they have had elsewhere, for example, in their relationships with allopathic medicine. This study, therefore, describes how new clients are socialized in chiropractic clinical relationships and subsequently become chiropractic patients.
20 randomly selected chiropractors and a total of 60 new clients were interviewed for their impressions of chiropractic as well as their health beliefs and explanations for "present" health problems prior to encountering each other in the clinical setting. Their interactions were observed in the twenty clinical settings, with special focus on the negotiation of explanatory models. The patients were interviewed again, regarding their experiences and impressions, following their fourth visit to the clinic after their initial encounter. 20 "regular" or long-term chiropractic patients, one from each clinic, were also interviewed regarding their experiences.
Data were analyzed by comparing pre- and post-interview results and by describing the nature of clinical interactions, relationships, and negotiation of explanatory models in the context of Kleinman's ethno-medical perspective and Goffman's social ethnographic perspective on interactions in everyday life.
It was found that chiropractors (1) provide potential patients with "adequate" information and the opportunity to ask questions; (2) express non-judgemental views on the health problems of clients, which provides new clients with the opportunity to fully explain their health concerns; (3) utilize persuasive interaction structures and processes to minimize both the constraints upon chiropractic and the effects of deviancy and marginality labels, and to manage the impressions of potential patients; and (4) negotiate with potential patients over explanations for the causes of their health problems, which enables the delivery of chiropractic treatment by integrating, "shifting" and modifying clients' explanatory models and, to some extent, their own.
These techniques for 'making' the chiropractic clientele appear to be successful. In this study, 53 of the 60 new clients were retained beyond the fifth visit. More generally, chiropractic is now the second largest primary health care provider group in B.C., next to allopathy, and is attracting an increasing number of patients.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
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Cooper, Benedict C. "The evolution of technology and adaptive economic behaviour." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6b6fece5-fdc3-4ac5-ad38-ca94f6aea127.
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This thesis studies the role of learning as a mechanism of economic change. Two areas are considered where this would seem to be important. First, how firms learn about new technology; and secondly, how agents learn to behave in interactive situations. A model of research and development is presented which models the process by which firms solve specific design problems. This may be by individual experimental search or by partial imitation. In the latter case, a close parallel is drawn between biological evolution, based on genetic reproduction, and technological evolution, based on firms blending existing technologies. Some economic implications of these processes are explored, including their application to stochastic learning curves, patent design and the transfer of technology to developing countries. The thesis continues by critically assessing the analogy between biological and cultural evolution often used to model how agents learn to behave in interactive situations. It is argued that the methods used by economists exploiting this analogy are often ill-suited to an economic context. Models are presented which deal with specific issues in the transition from a biological context to an economic context, including models of partnership formation, models of imperfect imitation, and models without payoff-monotonic dynamics. The issue of imperfect imitation is expanded upon in an evolutionary model of the infinitely repeated prisoners' dilemma, where it is shown that the problem of inter-generational copying fidelity may allow one to restrict attention to strategies with a very simple stochastic structure.
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Zhang, Huiqi. "Socioscope: Human Relationship and Behavior Analysis in Mobile Social Networks." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30533/.
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The widely used mobile phone, as well as its related technologies had opened opportunities for a complete change on how people interact and build relationship across geographic and time considerations. The convenience of instant communication by mobile phones that broke the barrier of space and time is evidently the key motivational point on why such technologies so important in people's life and daily activities. Mobile phones have become the most popular communication tools. Mobile phone technology is apparently changing our relationship to each other in our work and lives. The impact of new technologies on people's lives in social spaces gives us the chance to rethink the possibilities of technologies in social interaction. Accordingly, mobile phones are basically changing social relations in ways that are intricate to measure with any precision. In this dissertation I propose a socioscope model for social network, relationship and human behavior analysis based on mobile phone call detail records. Because of the diversities and complexities of human social behavior, one technique cannot detect different features of human social behaviors. Therefore I use multiple probability and statistical methods for quantifying social groups, relationships and communication patterns, for predicting social tie strengths and for detecting human behavior changes and unusual consumption events. I propose a new reciprocity index to measure the level of reciprocity between users and their communication partners. The experimental results show that this approach is effective. Among other applications, this work is useful for homeland security, detection of unwanted calls (e.g., spam), telecommunication presence, and marketing. In my future work I plan to analyze and study the social network dynamics and evolution.
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Iacono, Carol Sue. "New technologies and transformations of work in postindustrial society: Toward a framework for meta-analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185974.
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While most scholars agree that the development of increasingly sophisticated computer-based technologies over the past thirty years and their ubiquitous use in work settings are important technological transformations, it is still question whether they constitute large-scale and meaningful social transformations. In this dissertation, it is argued that transformations cannot be understood by studying technologies in isolated and circumscribed analyses, rather they must be understood in the historical and socio-political context of their development and use. Several important questions are being asked: Will social relations in work settings be transformed so that they are more collaborative and less hierarchical, as many proponents of new group support systems predict? Will workers in computer-using organizations share equally in the production and control of skills and knowledge? Or will the use of new technologies reinforce and reproduce the current distribution of power, authority and knowledge in organizations? In order to answer these questions, a meta-analytic framework is developed. It comprises a continuum from micro- to macro-social interaction contexts, including six key fields of action surrounding the use of new technologies: (1) design; (2) use; (3) infrastructure of support; (4) work group governance; (5) organizational contexts; and (6) organizational fields. Four field studies are conducted with in vivo, ongoing organizational work groups using three new computer-based information technologies. There is little indication that hierarchical forms of work group governance are being restructured along the lines of more flexible and collaborative forms of work organization. There is, however, some evidence for power shifts among relatively disenfranchised high status participants in ongoing project teams. In addition, distinctive cultures emerged in ongoing groups that used group collaboration systems. In the desktop computing and desktop group support system work groups, skills and knowledge about their own computing environment were differentially distributed, so that lower status workers were less knowledgeable. Thus, the routine use of new technologies is most likely to reinforce the current distribution of authority and power in organizations.
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Ryan, John. "A uses and gratifications study of the Internet social interaction site LambdaMOO : talking with "Dinos"." Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/958777.
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One approach to studying media is uses and gratifications, a model that suggests media audiences can explain why and for what purpose they use the media. This study took a Uses and Gratifications approach to the Internet social interaction site LambdaMOO. On LambdaMOO, users log on and create an alternate persona to interact with other users. Using a set of questions, 222 selected LambdaMOO users were asked about why they use LambdaMOO, their actions as an alternate persona and their opinions on LambdaMOO. Answers from the subjects were content analyzed to find commonality against several preselected categories and sub-categories. Upon analysis, the subjects were found to use LambdaMOO for talking to other users, "building" up the site through programming and surveying the current events and political movements on the site. Also, the subjects were determined not to act different from their real life actions and preceived attitudes, although the opportunity for freedom through anonymity was everpresent.Department of Journalism
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Künig, Damian. "Les institutions de l'éthique discursive face au droit dans la régulation des nouvelles technologies médicales /." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30309.
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Discourse ethics relates to an argumentative discussion about our moral norms and their foundations. The purpose of my research is to describe and evaluate the functioning of several institutions of discourse ethics as sources of normativity for the regulation of new medical technologies and to propose some possible interactions between law and these institutions.The institutions of discourse ethics I will look at are: national commissions of experts, national ethics committees, technology assessment committees and consensus conferences. Used in these institutions, argumentative discussion has the capacity to influence the meaning we give to our moral norms as well as the context and the conditions for their application. These discussions generate a special kind of normativity, which ought to be recognised by our legal system. Law itself would benefit from an interaction with such normativity.
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Yingyi, Lu. "Investigation of the Process for Generating Evidence for Innovations in Medical Technology." Thesis, KTH, Medicinteknik och hälsosystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297527.
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Health technology assessment (HTA) is a process that evaluates the value and effects of health technology during its life cycle and provides scientific information to decision makers. However, the chasm between healthcare and innovation has been highlighted in several research areas. HTA as a bridge connecting the research and decision-making demands, achieving more transparent processes and high quality of evidence to enable more effective and safer MedTech innovations to reach and benefit healthcare and patients. This thesis aims to examine the current status of HTA across different countries compared to Sweden to identify the major hurdles and enablers in this process and any opportunities for learning across systems. Germany, the United Kingdom, and Finland are three countries being compared to Sweden in the thesis. A literature review combined with interviews were the main methodologies used for this project. Peer-reviewed literature, government documents, and official websites gave an overview of the HTA systems in selected countries and laid a solid foundation for the more in-depth interviews. Eight interviews (nine interviewees) with HTA agencies and companies were performed via Zoom, along with an email communication(one interviewee) with Fimea. The interviews were used as a support tool to gain a better understanding of the whole HTA system. Some personal opinions were also helpful to gain a view of the system from an alternative, more practical perspective. The results show the different HTA processes and the evidence generation paths in four countries. Views from MedTech companies are also given. The HTA in Sweden has two main pathways: SBU and TLV. These two agencies have particular traits that work differently with distinct purposes. In terms of the evidence generation and assessment methods, they also share different points of view. It is difficult to simply compare these systems in parallel due to the system's complexity and different healthcare conditions in every country. But all countries, including Sweden, should realize the challenges ofthe existing HTA systems, and try to reduce the evidence generation gap between expectation and reality. This would create more opportunities for small MedTech companies to be involved in the process, and actively participate in international HTA cooperation.Hälsoteknikutvärdering (HTA) är en process som utvärderar värdet och effekterna avhälsoteknik i dess livscykel och ger vetenskaplig information till beslutsfattare. Klyftanmellan hälso- och sjukvård och innovation har dock lyfts fram inom fleraforskningsområden. HTA länkar forskning och beslutsfattande genom att möjliggöramer transparenta processer och hög kvalitet på bevis för effektivare och säkrareMedTech-innovationer att nå och gynna sjukvård och patienter. Denna uppsats syftartill att undersöka HTA:s nuvarande status i olika länder jämfört med Sverige för attidentifiera de största hindren och möjliggörare i denna process och eventuellamöjligheter till lärande i olika system. Tyskland, Storbritannien och Finland är treländer som jämförs med Sverige i avhandlingen. Litteraturöversikt och intervjuer är de huvudsakliga metoderna som används för dettaprojekt. Forskargransakad litteratur, regeringsdokument och officiella webbplatser gaven översikt över HTA-systemen i utvalda länder och lade en solid grund för följandeintervjuer. Åtta intervjuer (nio intervjuade) med HTA-byråer och MedTech-företaggenomfördes via Zoom, tillsammans med en e-postkommunikation med Fimea.Intervjuerna användes som ett stödverktyg för att ge en bättre förståelse för hela HTAsystemet.Vissa personliga åsikter gav tillfälle att förstå HTA från ett alternativtperspektiv jämfört med dess beskrivning i litteraturen. Resultaten visar olika HTA-processer och bevisgenereringsvägar i fyra länder, samtsynpunkter från MedTech-företag. HTA i Sverige har två huvudvägar: SBU (viaregionala HTA centra) och TLV. Dessa två vägar har speciella egenskaper som fungerarannorlunda och med olika syften. När det gäller bevisgenerering ochbedömningsmetoder skiljs de även åt. Det är utmanande att jämföra dessa systemparallellt på grund av systemets komplexitet och olika sjukvårdsförhållanden i varjeland. Men alla länder, inklusive Sverige, bör inse brister i befintlig HTA och försökaminska bevisgenereringsgapet mellan förväntan och verkligheten. Under tiden skapasfler möjligheter för små MedTech-företag att delta i processen och delta aktivt iinternationella HTA-samarbeten.
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Koff, Nancy Alexander. "Trainee negotiation of professional socialization in medical education." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184888.
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The character of the professional socialization experience is a subject of debate in the literature; one of the primary issues being the relative contributions of trainees to the nature of their socializing experience. As crucial as the clinical education experience is to the educational and professional development of medical students, it has received relatively little attention in the literature on professional socialization of physicians. The goals of this research were to understand, from the students' perspective, the character of the first clinical learning experience in the medical school career of a group of medical students and, given the character of that context, the role of student negotiations in their own education and professional socialization. This study employed a symbolic interactionist framework and the data collection methods of participant observation and unstructured interview. The data collection was conducted over a six-week period during which time the researcher experienced along with a group of six medical students their first clinical learning experience. These students perceived the clinical learning environment to be challenging, complex and frequently too busy to easily accommodate their learning needs. They recognized the enormity of their learning task and of their own incompetence. These were the basic perceptions that prompted the students to negotiate their clinical learning experience. Student negotiations took three basic forms: the creation of new learning opportunities, the manipulation of existing learning resources, and interpretation of events and behaviors. Students' negotiations were constrained by the structure of the education program and the students' own assertiveness. The study's findings indicate that the students were active negotiators of the content and the conduct of their own professional education and professional socialization. Even in the face of overwhelming demands on their intellectual and emotional resources, the students expressed their individual and collective intent for their educational experience. The study findings were similar to those of earlier studies of professional socialization, although new behaviors and behaviors inconsistent with those found in previous research were uncovered. Contributions to the literature on professional socialization and to an understanding of this phenomenon were made through the explanation of these inconsistencies.
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Yagi, Toyoko. "Compliance with dialysis regimens: The effects of coping and social support." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2655.
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The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of compliance behavior. Since compliance among dialysis patients increases survival rate, it is important for social workers to identify patients who are at risk of noncompliance.
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Johnston, Sharon 1972. "Double agent dilemma : the Canadian physician: patient advocate and social agent." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30308.
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This thesis considers the rationalization of health care in Canada. It focuses on the conflicting roles modern physicians play in our system, acting as both patient advocate and social agent. It begins by tracing the origin of both of these duties. It then examines the ethical, professional, and legal issues which arise in the limited circumstances where front-line physicians must participate in the rationing of health care. It offers a framework for resolving the double agent dilemma and states five interlocking recommendations which are the building blocks of the resolution.
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Lin, Zhong Xuan. "Towards a politics of ourselves :Chinese internet celebrity's practices of self-governance." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3690692.
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Hepburn, Sharon Jean. "Western minds, foreign bodies : the anthropologist in third world health development." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63795.
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Keyser, Nicolet. "The transition from an object-oriented to a systems-oriented approach in art, leading to a redefinition of the concept of sculpture." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52031.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis I look at the impact of technology on the concept of sculpture. However, I am more concerned with the principles behind technological change as influence, than looking at high-technology advances. A key issue that I address is the consideration of changes in society and art, and I ask the question, to what extent does three-dimensional art remain in any traditional sense 'sculpture'? It is my objective to show these changes, indicated by the transition from an object-oriented to a systems-oriented approach in art leading to a redefinition of the concept of sculpture. Although I deal with my practical work as a separate part in the thesis, there is a close integration and mutual objectives between the practical and theoretical components. The transition occurring in sculpture can directly be traced to the technological advances in society. Scientific knowledge in any period of history reflects the way people understand their world, thus affecting human perceptions of the natural world and in turn influencing artistic creation. In Chapter One, attention is given in general to some of these scientific discoveries, for example the shift from classical science to an organismic approach with its focus on the interconnectedness of all things. Also of importance is the beginning of Chaos Theory, introducing the element of chance. In Chapter Two, more specific changes in the concept of art and sculpture are dealt with. Referring to some important predecessors earlier in the zo" century. I look at art becoming an interactive system, and find the interrelationship between sculpture and architecture useful in illustrating this, because of the foregrounding of the concept of space. In Chapter Three, I examine the different way that artists deal with the issues of urbanity', for example, the Minimalists putting emphasis on the idea of sculpture as an infinitely malleable category. Shifting definitions of urbanity were responses to specific new conditions in the environment, for example, as seen in the changing features of the city. Chapter Four deals with contemporary artists' response to these conditions, starting with examples of an object-oriented approach to sculpture, moving step by step towards a different systems-oriented approach. To conclude, I speculate on all the possibilities that the virtual environments that modern computers allow us to create may for the first time open up. We are at the beginning of a new century full of promise to artists in all fields.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis kyk ek na die impak van tegnologie op die konsep van beeldhou. Maar, ek is egter meer geintereseerd in die invloed van die beginsels agter tegnologiese verandering as in die gebruik van uiters gevorderde tegnologiese instrumente. 'n Belangrike aspek vir my is die wyse waarop die veranderinge in die samelewing afgedruk work op kuns. Derhalwe vra ek tot watter mate drie-dimensionele kuns op enige tradisionele wyse steed as 'beeldhou' beskou kan word? Dit is my doelwit om hierdie veranderinge uit te wys, soos gesien kan word in die transformasie vanaf 'n objek-gerigte benadering na 'n sisteem-gerigte benadering tot die konsep van beeldhou. Hoewel ek die praktiese werk as 'n aparte deel van die tesis hanteer, is daar in nabye integrasie met gemeenskaplike doelwitte tussen die praktiese en teoretiese komponente. Die transformasie in beeldhou kan direk verbind word met die tegnologiese vooruitgang in die samelewing. Wetenskaplike kennis van enige tydperk, is 'n indikasie van die wyse waarop die mense hulomgewing verstaan. Dus affekteer dit mense se persepsie van die natuur, en in reaksie die persepsie van die kunstenaar. In hoofstuk een, word aandag gegee in die algemeen aan sommige van hierdie wetenskaplike ontdekkings, byvoorbeeld die skuif vanaf klassieke wetenskap na 'n organismiese benadering met sy fokus op die integrasie van alle dinge. Ook belangrik is die onstaan van Chaos Teorie wat klem plaas op die onvoorspelbaarheid van dinge. In hoofstuk twee kyk ek na meer spesifieke veranderinge in die konsep van kuns in die algemeen, asook beeldbou. Daar word terugverwys na sommige belangrike kunstenaars aan die begin van die 20ste eeu. Klem word geplaas op kuns as interaktiewe sisteem, en ek vind die interverhouding tussen beeldhou en argitektuur as 'n belangrike voorbeeld, as gevolg van die benadering tot die konsep van ruimte. Hoofstuk drie ondersoek die verskeie wyses waarop beeldhouers kyk na kwessies soos verstedeliking, byvoorbeeld die Minimaliste met hul beklemtoning van die idee van beeldhou as manipuleerbare kategorie. AI hierdie veranderinge is 'n reaksie op spesifieke nuwe kondisies binne die samelewing, byvoorbeeld soos gesien in die veranderende kenmerke van stede. Hoostuk vier deel dan spesifiek met hedendaagse beeldhouers se reaksie op hierdie kondisies, met die doelom voorbeelde te bespreek van van 'n objek-gerigte benadering tot beeldhou asook 'n sisteem-gerigte benadering tot beeldhou. Om af te sluit, spekuleer ek oor al die nuwe moontlikhede wat 'virtuele realiteif, daar gestel deur die moderne rekenaars, aan beeldhou kan bied. Ons staan aan die begin van 'n nuwe eeu vol potensiaal vir kunstenaars op alle gebiede.
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Byrt, Sarah. "Social, medical and geographical aspects of the provision of community pharmacy services in rural West Wales." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683168.
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Fragassi, Christopher. "SCHIZOPHRENIA AND STIGMA: AN OUTLOOK ON THE MEDICAL, LEGAL, AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF LIVING WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/488872.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
Schizophrenia is a disease which presents many challenges. Medically, legally, and socially, afflicted individuals face obstacles that decrease their overall quality of life. Some of these are sequela of the disease and its decrease in social functioning, or symptoms of paranoia and disorganization. However, others are placed on these individuals by society. This has created a lifestyle which is marred by comorbid medical conditions and a resistance to receive treatment. It also creates frequent contact with the legal system, leading to a disorganized home life, and a significant amount of time spent behind bars, and being victimized by others. Finally, many schizophrenic patients are unable to find jobs, and report being without significant supportive relationships in their lives, creating stress both on themselves and their families and caregivers. These difficulties in life can be inseparable from their disease and place schizophrenic patients at a further disadvantage.
Temple University--Theses
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James, Rina Lynne. "The Efficacy of Virtual Protest: Linking Digital Tactics to Outcomes in Activist Campaigns." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4008.
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Activists are increasingly relying on online tactics and digital tools to address social issues. This shift towards reliance on the Internet has been shown to have salient implications for social movement formation processes; however, the effectiveness of such actions for achieving specific goals remains largely unaddressed. This study explores how the types of Internet activism and digital tools used by activism campaigns relate to success in meeting stated goals. To address these questions, the study builds on an existing framework that distinguishes between four distinct types of Internet activism: brochure-ware, which is oriented towards information distribution; e-mobilizations, which treats digital media merely as a tool for mobilizing individuals offline; online participation, which is characterized by wholly online actions such as e-petitions or virtual protests; and online organizing, where organization of a movement takes place exclusively via the internet with no face-to-face coordination by organizers.
Ordinal regression models were conducted utilizing cross-sectional data from the Global Digital Activism Data Set (GDADS), a compilation of information on 426 activism campaigns from around the world that began between 2010 and 2012; additional data regarding the types of Internet activism used was also appended to the GDADS using source materials provided within the data set. The findings suggest that use of the Internet for mobilizing offline actions is negatively associated with campaign success, but that this does not hold true for protest actions organized without use of digital tools. E-petition use was also found to be negatively related to achievement of campaign goals.
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Duffett, Rodney Graeme. "Social media as a marketing communication channel amongst Generation Y : a new paradigm for hierarchy response models." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2090.
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Thesis (MTech (Marketing))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.The rapid growth of social media has resulted in digital information and communications technology (ICT) channels for individuals to connect with each other and the rest of their world. Consequently, social network sites (SNS) and other mobile applications have become an integral part of life, as well as a daily destination for billions of individuals, offering them novel and an instant means of communication in this interactive ICT space. Internet, social media and smartphone usage are also expanding prolifically in developing countries such as South Africa (SA). This incremental expansion of social media usage is directly related to the progression of Internet usage across the globe, primarily as a result of the irrevocable dissemination of smartphones. The use of social media has become the most common activity among modern adolescents and young adults (referred to as Generation Y or Millennials). SNS such as Facebook, Mxit, YouTube, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+ and numerous others have grown exponentially in recent years, enabling Generation Y with a portal for entertainment and communication. The increase of social media adoption has captured the attention of marketers and consumers alike on a global scale, and with the quickly changing communication environments, marketers now confront new challenges in terms of understanding consumer behaviour, attitudinal responses and consumption patterns in the new millennium. Social media brings with it powerful opportunities for brands to engage with young consumers; create real time conversations; and provide immediate feedback via interactive marketing communications at a fraction of the cost compared to traditional media advertising. Internet and social media usage, as well as access, grown has prolifically in SA, while minimal research has been conducted regarding attitudes towards social network advertising (SNA). Millennials are sophisticated and technology savvy, therefore, social media is important to them to maintain contact with their friends, and to continually interact in the digital environment. Hence, it is important for organisations to strategically market their brands in a way that would appeal to this market, which is notoriously difficult to reach. Furthermore, Generation Y consumers have huge buying power and also exert a major influence on their household purchase behaviour, so their social media usage and attitudes towards various ICT platforms media are important to marketers. A complete knowledge base of this generation will enable brands to increase their marketing communication effectiveness when targeting this cohort. Yet, many organisations have used SNA without truly discerning the real attitudinal effect that it has on their young consumers
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Ma, Yingying. "Impact of social media use on political participation : narcissism, perceived anonymity and social norms as mediators." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/677.
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Social media use is a pivotal driver for political engagement. The present study extended previous research by exploring the simple and serial mediating roles of narcissism, perceived anonymity, descriptive norms, and subjective norms in this relationship. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with bootstrapping estimation was conducted for hypothesis testing using data from 579 Hong Kong university students. Modeling results revealed that perceived anonymity, descriptive norms, and subjective norms are significant mediators of the relationship between social media use and political participation. Moreover, descriptive norms, together with perceived anonymity, were found to mediate the relationship. Likewise, narcissism combined with descriptive norms proved to be significant mediators of the relationship. Additionally, a distal mediation effect of descriptive norms and subjective norms proved to be significant. Based on these results, a subsequent parallel mediation analysis was conducted, revealing that perceived anonymity is the most influential indicator among perceived anonymity, subjective norms, and descriptive norms of the relationship of social media use and political participation. The study concluded by comparing male and female respondents in terms of political participation. The result showed that male respondents were generally more active than female respondents in both online and offline political activities, which agrees with prior research findings. Collectively, the current study provides a new perspective from which we can further understand the effects of social media use on political engagement.
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Willis, Eileen. "Accelerating control : an ethnographic account of the impact of micro-economic reform on the work of health professionals /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw7341.pdf.
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Uys, Cornelia Susanna. "Framework for evaluating information technology benefits in local communities." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2283.
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Thesis (DTech (Informatics))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.Governments of the developing world, including South Africa, have a strong commitment and resolve to accelerate the rollout of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to achieve developmental benefits in communities. Consequently both government and the private sector are delivering a number of interventions in South Africa based on Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D). Hard evidence regarding the development benefits of ICT4D interventions is lacking and there is little agreement on measures to evaluate the benefits of such projects. One possible reason for this is that there are no established evaluation frameworks to assess the benefits. Frameworks used in ICT4D evaluation are investigated in this study to ascertain their usefulness to identify benefits of ICT4D initiatives. Sen’s Capability Approach defines development as freedom. An example of such development can be the process of providing opportunities through ICT and meaningful ways to use these opportunities to realise various benefits. Tangible benefits are simple to identify (e.g. number of people using the public access centre, or number of people finding employment). Intangible benefits include the real ‘wins’—capabilities garnered through access and meaningful use of ICT, leading to the recognition of new opportunities for the users of the public access centres. Sen’s Capability Approach is operationalised, demonstrating the inclusion of a person’s agency and conversion factors that inhibit or enhance utilisation of opportunities and choices in realising benefits. The SmartCape initiative is a 2002 ICT4D intervention established in the libraries of Cape Town, South Africa, and is used as a case in this research study. The libraries act as public access centres that provide free ICT and Internet access to library members in the community. Surveys completed by users of these centres provided useful quantitative data. A broad spectrum of qualitative data was gleaned from interviews and focus groups with users of the ICT centre at a recently established library and with focus groups from other centres in two underserved areas of Cape Town. Quantitative data analysis techniques applied to qualitative content data was used to investigate users’ diverse perceptions. An initial framework guided the analysis of data to identify the benefits realised by the users of the public access centre. Perceptions of a changed life, aspirations for a better life, and ‘hope’ emerged as intangible benefits. On the intangible side, the effect of keyboard proficiency, greater ease in finding information, and a preference for accessing the Internet at a public access centre emerged as having a significant effect on the hopefulness of PAC users. Two theme-groups were identified through using co- occurrences of themes and the statistical techniques of cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. The Benefits-framework, produced by this study, based on Amartya Sen’s Capability Approach, represents the relationship between all the themes, includes emergent intangible benefits and can be used to identify the benefits of ICT4D interventions in public access centres. This study also produces empirical evidence of the developmental impact of the SmartCape ICT4D programme in Cape Town and thus provides evidence of its value.
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Ding, Yan Zhe. "E-health literacy in Mainland China :validation of the E-health Literacy Scale (eHEALS) in simplified Chinese." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3690768.
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Ferro, Paula Luz, and Fernandez Gloria Del. "Spirituality and compliance correlates of hemodialysis patients." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2663.
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The purpose of a study of spirituality and its relationship to the compliance of hemodialysis patients is to consider changing the approach of the treatment team in the dialysis setting. The interdisciplinary treatment team at the dialysis center consists of physicians, nurses, dietitians, and social workers. One of the many roles of the dialysis social worker is to facilitate the adjustment to and acceptance of the patient's need for dialysis.
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Turyagyenda, Joy Kyarimpa. "Participants' perceptions of Computer-Mediated Communication: a case study of the Global Teenager Project." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003570.
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The study outlines general trends evident in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), participants’ perceptions and the promotion of CMC across the curriculum in a South African Secondary School. This case study focuses on the Global Teenager Project (GTP), which started as a bi-national pilot project in April 1999 between secondary schools in South Africa and the Netherlands. The study sets out to investigate how well the GTP can be incorporated into the existing school curriculum through the teacherresearcher’s direct involvement in facilitating the project at a school where she is a fulltime teacher. The main purpose of the study is to review existing literature to establish how collaborative learning could be achieved through a CMC environment between teenagers from various countries based on the research done at an international level and link the practice at this school to the existing international trends. It was found that the GTP has great potential in enhancing collaborative learning within various learning areas at Nathaniel Nyaluza Secondary School (NNSS). Despite the usefulness of the GTP and the overwhelming enthusiasm learners displayed, its success at NNSS depended on the motivation of teachers and how easily the activities of the GTP could be incorporated within day-to-day teachers’ activities.Hodgkinson, Cheryl
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Gauthier, Isabelle. "Analyse de la norme sociale comme contrainte au consentement : l'exemple de la recherche biomédicale en situation d'urgence." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31052.
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This thesis seeks to demonstrate, by way of a multidisciplinary study, that consent is, despite its legal definition which refers to the free and enlighted expression of individual will, in fact, at times limited if not eliminated, by social considerations, arising from the medical, economic and legal context. These considerations reflect what one might call the social norm. An appropriate understanding of consent serves, therefore, to express the social norm as a constraint, which, in turn, acts as a measure of what it means to belong in society. Thus, while consent is often presented as the fundamental principle to be respected in biomedical research, it is in reality, merely one principle to respect among others. These limitations connected to consent are exacerbated in emergency situations where consent is sometimes reduced to mere signature, and in some cases it has been recognized that research can be undertaken without the subject's prior consent.
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Wass, Sofie. "The importance of eHealth innovations : Lessons about patient accessible information." Doctoral thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38045.
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Access to digital information and communication has an increasing importance in both the work of healthcare professionals and in patients’ everyday life and has transformed what we do and how we carry out activities. It changes the way in which healthcare is delivered, how information is exchanged within and between organizations and how patients and other actors access and manage information. Currently, innovation is imperative in the healthcare sector and today there is a focus on how different eHealth services can improve healthcare. With increased access to various eHealth services, there is a need to know more about the impact of eHealth innovations on healthcare. The aim of this thesis is to acquire more knowledge about eHealth innovations in healthcare. The focus is on prerequisites to realize innovative eHealth services and eHealth services that provide patients with access to health information. The theoretical background addresses innovation, services and business models. This thesis is a compilatory work and includes five qualitative research papers. The first study is an interview study, the second is a literature review and the remaining three are case studies. The data collection consisted of interviews, surveys, workshops and secondary data collected from documents. The interview study and the case studies were performed in the Swedish eHealth setting. The research contributes to our understanding of eHealth innovations with insights on prerequisites to realize eHealth innovations and knowledge on patient accessible information. The first study provides a classification of prerequisites that need to be considered to realize innovative eHealth services. When dealing with eHealth services, organizational and sematic interoperability are still a challenge, and they transcend organizational boundaries. This thesis provides knowledge on the recent trend of opening up electronic health records to patients. The knowledge derived from the studies on patient accessible electronic health records show that there is a discrepancy between the perceptions of patients and healthcare professionals. The thesis concludes that patients feel more involved and that the patient-professional relationship improves with patient access to electronic health records, whereas healthcare professionals have concerns about how patients will manage access to health information. This thesis also provides empirical insights on how business models can be represented in a public eHealth setting. By viewing public eHealth services as social innovations, the thesis contributes to the research on business models in a public healthcare setting by incorporating societal value into the representation of the business model. The research in this thesis contributes to research in health informatics by discussing issues related to eHealth innovations and patient accessible information. Its practical importance lies in identifying issues that are important when discussing eHealth initiatives and the implications of giving patients online access to their electronic health record.
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Ploykitikoon, Pattravadee. "The Impact of Knowledge Inflows on the Performance of National Laboratories in Technological Latecomer Countries." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1071.
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The national laboratories (NLs) play a critical role in the economic and social development of technological latecomer countries, yet no academic study has ever quantified how knowledge inflows and internal knowledge impact the performance of the NLs. This dissertation identifies and ranks the importance of factors pertaining to knowledge inflows and project-internal knowledge, which determine the success or failure of research projects in the NLs of Thailand. A survey of 123 project managers in the NLs, which covers 208 R&D projects, has been conducted. It consists of a questionnaire and unstructured interviews in which the project managers discuss their project(s). Data from the questionnaire are analyzed by factor analysis, multiple regression and logistic regression; qualitative data from the interviews are used to interpret the quantitative results from the questionnaire.
The research finds that, regardless of a project's mission, knowledge inflows from outside the project group impact performance more significantly than knowledge from inside the project group does. Second, the capacity of R&D project groups within the NLs to absorb knowledge from external sources is very selective. Absorptive capacity does not just pertain to prior related knowledge; it is also a function of the source of external knowledge, the knowledge pathway into the project group, the source of complementary or substitutive knowledge that resides within the project group, and the mission to which the knowledge contributes. Third, the NLs face an ambidexterity challenge that is commonly observed in private industry--exploiting current capabilities interferes with the national laboratories' capability to explore.
The discovery of selective absorption of knowledge provides practicing managers with a toolkit of micro-levers with which they can enhance performance as measured by a variety of metrics in highly specific ways. The dissertation also proposes and validates a theoretical framework for knowledge management that decomposes the national laboratory system into nine knowledge subsystems, which can be managed at a relatively low level of the organization. The methods by which this research has been conducted can be used as a tool to benchmark how knowledge management practices in different R&D organizations and environments impact performance. Guidelines for structural adjustments to the national innovation system, which are based on these contributions, should enable policymakers in most countries to implement an Open Innovation program for their national laboratories and enhance the ambidexterity of their organizations.
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Joosten, Dawn Marie. "Aspects of clinical social workers' decision-making with older adult clients with unmet psychosocial and/or physical needs outcomes, patterns, and processes of referrals for services /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1691805951&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Andjelkovic, Maja. "Mimetic processes in entrepreneurship ecosystems : the cases of mobile technology entrepreneurship networks in Nairobi, Kathmandu and London." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:935a8a55-f63f-458f-b462-17cad23c040e.
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This qualitative study of networks of entrepreneurs in the mobile technology industry in three ecosystems - Kathmandu, Nairobi and London - examines perceptions and attitudes of entrepreneurs related to their networking activities. The focus is on understanding the entrepreneurs' motivations for, and benefits and risks of networking, as well as the overall trends of development of the three ecosystems, which are very different from each other in terms of socioeconomic circumstances. The findings provide new insights into the link between the concept of a community of supportive peers and the acquisition of subjective resources, such as self-efficacy and legitimacy, while also supporting conclusions of earlier empirical and theoretical work linking networks with the acquisition of resources necessary for founding and building a new firm. A comparison of results across the three ecosystems uncovers a strong tendency towards institutional convergence of the three ecosystems based on a model inspired by the Silicon Valley experience. The mechanisms through which this is found to occur are mimesis and storytelling, motivated primarily by learning goals and the pursuit of legitimacy for entrepreneurial action in the mobile technology industry, as well as for the individual ventures. The overall finding emerging from the cases is that, despite significant differences, the three ecosystems are reliant on a shared pool of relevant information and knowledge, via the Internet and through personal and organizational connections. They resemble one another not only in terms of resources sought by entrepreneurs through their networks, but also in the ways entrepreneurs signal their purpose and value to their community, and in the way the describe their environment - through references to other entrepreneurship ecosystems. In the absence of an existing theoretical approach to analyzing convergence of diverse entrepreneurship ecosystems, the study proposes a framework based on DiMaggio and Powell's theory of institutional isomorphism, and integrating the works of Wiewel and Hunter, on legitimacy-building by association through networks, and Djelic, on the process of cross-national transfer, or export, of economic models. The type of isomorphism perceived is termed "aspirational," since it is found to occur in the context of pursuing a specific outcome previously achieved by the application of a particular institutional model. The difference between "aspirational isomorphism" and behaviours described by DiMaggio and Powell lies in the interpretation and adaptation of a model that can then be embedded in a nascent institutional environment (in this case, an entrepreneurial ecosystem). Rather than pure mimesis, aspirational isomorphism is a flexible and creative endeavor.
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Fan, HaiYan (LingLing), and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Medical encounters in "closed religious communities" : palliative care for Low German-Speaking Mennonite people." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Anthropology and Health Sciences, 2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3079.
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This multi-sited ethnography focuses on beliefs and practices associated with death,
dying, and palliative care among the Low German-Speaking (LGS) Mennonites. The
qualitative data, collected through participant-observation fieldwork and interviews
conducted in three LGS Mennonite communities in Mexico and Canada, show a gap
between official definitions of palliative care and its practice in real life. The LGS
Mennonites’ care for their dying members, in reality, is integrated into their community
lives that emphasize or reinforce discipleship by promoting the practices of mutual aid,
social networks, and brotherhood/sisterhood among community members. This study
also offers ethnographic insights into some difficulties that healthcare providers face
while delivering the “holistic” palliative care services to their patients in general, and to
the LGS Mennonites in particular. Finally, it provides some suggestions that may aid
healthcare providers in developing culturally safe and competent health care services
for the LGS Mennonite people living in Canada.xi, 231 leaves ; 29 cm
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Andayani. "Spiritual sensitive social work : a descriptive analysis of working with the dying." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99159.
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It is generally accepted that spirituality can play an important role in the end stage of the life of a person. Spirituality can provide a source of comfort and guidance and in so doing be a coping strategy. Social workers should take into account this spiritual component of their work particularly with clients who use spirituality as a form of social support. This thesis provides a theoretical understanding of spiritual based practice. It identifies the principles and competencies central to this practice, including the need for worker self awareness. It then illustrates how certain social work students have applied these principles in their practice with dying clients.The author's own identification as an individual from a religiously oriented Muslim country is used to illustrate the importance of understanding and working from the world view of clients. The author concludes that spirituality should not be ignored by social workers in their practice.
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Deardorff, Karen Sickels. "Catalytic Innovations in Appalachia Ohio Health Care: The Storying of Health Care in a Mobile Clinic." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1245354639.
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Levenda, Anthony Michael. "Configuring the Urban Smart Grid: Transitions, Experimentation, and Governance." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3290.
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In the face of challenges of energy security, decarbonization, resilience, and the replacement of aging infrastructure systems, federal, state, and local actors are facilitating the development of smart electricity networks to transition towards a more sustainable electricity system. In the United States, development of "smart grids" is being pursued as a national policy mandate and goal, promising that the deployment of smart grid technologies -- referring in general to digital information and communication technologies that sense, monitor, control and manage the electric grid -- will make electricity systems more environmentally sustainable and reliable, and at the same time, provide opportunities for growth and innovation.
This dissertation examines and analyzes three interconnected issues relating to these sociotechnical changes in electricity infrastructure: the material and discursive construction of the smart grid, urban smart grid experimentation, and the mobility of smart grid models and knowledge. A conceptual framework is proposed for investigating sociotechnical transitions that accounts for dimensions of power and politics that are commonly overlooked in conventional analysis, and highlights how governance regimes shape and are shaped by sociotechnical change. Utilizing Foucauldian discourse analysis and relational comparative case study methodology, this dissertation analyzes the development of the smart grid as a governmental program highlighting its rationalities, techniques, and imagined subjects.
The findings of these analyses suggest that the transition to a smarter grid involves much more than top-down policy mandates; significant urban experimentation is involved, as well as inter-city learning that is shaped by local political economy and broader political rationalities. This dissertation also argues for a synthesis between policy mobilities and sociotechnical transitions theory, highlighting through case studies how urban smart grid experiments are influenced by experiences and knowledge generated from "vanguard" cities. The conclusion of this dissertation is that the creation of the smart grid is far from a purely technical infrastructural intervention, and instead, requires significant changes in the everyday social practices and conduct of energy consumers, while also reconfiguring the city, engaging in a material politics in order to govern energy transitions.
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Meyers, Neville Thomas. "Personal control beliefs and sustainable telecommuting : an exploration of relationships." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
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Arias, Rosa, and Flora Irene Dharmaraj. "Levels of subjective quality of life among adults with psychotic disorders formerly in foster care: Compared to a matched sample." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3117.
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The purpose of this study was to explore whether or not adults with psychotic disorders, who were formerly in foster care, are more likely to report a lesser quality of life as compared to a matched sample with no history of foster care.
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Klyn, de Novelo Jessica. "The impact of intercultural differences in change agentry interventions in technology transfer." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/833.
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This qualitative study explored the effects of intercultural differences on technology transfer interventions. More specifically, the emphasis was on key differences between the worldviews of change agents and clients that impact such change agentry attempts. Utilizing frameworks taken from intercultural relations, change agentry, and diffusion of innovations research, the study examined a single case of change agentry-the distribution of cookstoves to a rural community in Peru-in an attempt to answer the following question: How do intercultural differences help shape the results of change agentry interventions in technology transfer attempts?
The focus of this study was the distribution of "improved cookstoves" in rural Andean, Peru, by a rural aid organization based at a university in Lima, Peru. Individuals from both the aid organization and the community were interviewed regarding their experience, including the engineering and technical team responsible for diffusing the technology, as well as community members who adopted the technology, others who did not, and a third group trained by the aid organization to be local "experts" in the use of cookstoves.
The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationships between change agents and client recipients by contributing a,n intercultural perspective to discussions of the diffusion of innovations and development interventions.
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Cruz, Leo Joe. "Medical compliance for Hispanic patients with end stage renal disease." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1798.
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DeAraugo, Jodi. "The effect of website, face-to-face, and combined programs on physiological, psychological, and lifestyle risk variables for cardio-vascular disease." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2005. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/43348.
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Although a multitude of preventative programs have been utilised worldwide to modify cardiovascular risk factors, none have included internet based interventions. Study 1 aimed to compare internet based (n = 21), face-to-face (n = 27), and combined (n = 21) treatment groups with a naturally occurring control group (n = 24) on physiological, psychological, and lifestyle risk variables for cardiovascular disease across 6-months, and to determine if there were relationships between changes in the psychological and physiological variables over time. Results indicated that the internet based group had significantly greater social reciprocity than the face-to-face group. Significant time effects were noted for heart rate, stress, depression, anxiety, reciprocity, anger expression-out, anger expression-in, anger control-out, and anger control-in. Results also demonstrated that increases in reciprocity and anxiety, and decreases in anger expression-out, were related to increases in heart rate. "In contrast, less anger suppression was a significant predictor of greater systolic blood pressure. However, there were no significant results for group, time, or predictive value for the other psychological, physiological, and lifestyle risk variables. A follow-up study examined the effects of unstructured (n = 13) and highly structured (n =14) internet based programs on physiological, psychological, and lifestyle risk variables for coronary heart disease over 6-months. It also investigated if there were relationships between changes in the psychological and physiological variables over time. Participants stages of change were assessed in relation to psychological and lifestyle risk variables. Results showed that the unstructured group scored significantly higher on anger-expression-out than the highly structured group and that the unstructured groups alcohol usage significantly reduced over time. The remaining psychological, physiological and lifestyle risk variables did not produce significant group, time, or predictive changes. The stage of change results indicated no significant group or time effects. Results indicated that greater angry reaction scores were predictive of higher heart rate and increased stress scores were predictive of higher diastolic blood pressure. The critical psychological variables predictive of poorer cardiovascular functioning should be targeted in future interventions.Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)
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Harrison, Helen E. "In the picture of health, portraits of health, disease and citizenship in Canada's public health advice literature, 1920-1960." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63424.pdf.
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Horsfall, Debbie, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Social Inquiry, and School of Social Ecology. "The subalterns speak: a collaborative inquiry into community participation in health care." THESIS_FSI_SEL_Horsall_D.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/636.
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This thesis is about change, community and the health system. It is about women. It is about challenging the status quo and advocating for and with the less powerful. It is about fore grounding previously silenced voices, valuing the subjugated knowledge of people other than those who make the decisions. Many voices are woven together, including those of the author, community health workers, non-government agency workers, people who use community health services, and members of the public. This is a narrative of a group of people researching the issue of community participating in community health, concentrating on the Blue Mountains district of NSW. The inquiry centred on the premise that community participating is both desirable and achievable. The group spoke to over 100 people, and the conclusion was reached that, while community participation is promoted by the NSW Health Department, at present it is an idea that has not been thought through, is ill defined, and lacks support in practice. Debates about health and illness take place within a medical discourse, and there must be a reorientation to viewing health as a social phenomenon if community participation in decision making is to occurDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Behkami, Nima A. "Examining Health Information Technology Implementations: Case of the Patient-Centered Medical Home." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/237.
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It has been shown that the use of Health Information Technology (HIT) is associated with reduced cost and increased quality of care. This dissertation examined the use of registries in Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) practices. A survey questionnaire was sent to a nationwide group of clinics certified for being a PCMH. They were asked to provide information about their payer mix, implementation barriers, registry implementation, registry use, and clinic satisfaction. The survey instrument was validated by an expert panel which included practitioners and researchers. Statistical methods including Structural Equation Modeling were used for analysis and to test the research hypotheses. The majority of medical home practices that responded used some type of computerized registry, either with basic patient information or integrated with detailed clinical information. And on average, they somewhat used registries for population management, individual health management, proactive care and planned care visits. All practices encountered some combination of barriers when implementing a medical home program. Most practices reported clinic satisfaction at least improved after becoming a medical home. The results of the analysis show that indeed payer mix, in particular Medicare and private insurance, has a significant relationship with level of registry implementation. There were no significant relationships between barriers and registry implementation or use. More sophisticated registry implementation led to greater registry use. And registry use is associated with increased clinic satisfaction. This research fills an important gap in understanding Health IT use, registries in particular, among Patient-Centered Medical Homes. The findings suggest that: 1) Implementation barriers may not be influencing use of computerized registries in medical home practices; 2) Using more sophisticated computerized registries facilitates registry use, which can help improve clinic satisfaction; 3) Payer mix may influence use of more sophisticated Health IT in medical home practices.
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RUIZ, SOLER Javier. "Is Twitter the new coffee house? : the contribution of the European political Twittersphere to the European public sphere and European demos." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/63305.
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Defence date: 12 June 2019Examining Board: Prof. Alexander Trechsel, University of Lucerne (Supervisor); Prof. Giovanni Sartor, European University Institute; Prof. Luigi Curini, University of Milan; Prof. Anamaria Dutceac Segesten, Lund University
A Public Sphere and a demos are intrinsic key elements of any democratic society. The literature has pointed out that social media platforms can play an important role in developing direct interactions between users and creating a sense of community. Can Twitter contribute to the emergence of a transnational networked European Public Sphere and European demos? This thesis examines the contribution of the European Political Twittersphere to this question. I divide the question into three articles. In each I use a different theoretical framework and methodological approach to two datasets of two issue publics (the Schengen agreement and the transatlantic trade partnership, TTIP) collected through the public Twitter Streaming API from August 2016 to April 2017. In the first article I explore the actor level of the networks created from the Twitter data. I investigate whether these Twitter networks constitute networked publics where non-elite actors receive attention and play an important role by the number of mentions and retweets. In the second article I explore the question of the constitution of European transnational networks. To do so, I geolocate the accounts involved in the two networks to identify the type of interactions the users establish, whether national or transnational. In the third article I analyse the content of these networks by extracting what sentiments the users express for the topics, and whether they see themselves and the topics as national or European. The three articles capture three features of the European Political Twittersphere. First, the results indicate the presence of transnational European networks. Second, built from the bottom-up where non-elite actors receive most of the attention. And third, composed of a multilingual demoi where the users see themselves and the topics as European. However, although these mapped Twitter networks contribute to some extent to transnational interaction and a sense of community, the deliberative quality of these networks is low.