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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medical expert'
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PAUL, BUCLON CATHERINE. "Systeme expert et traitement medical du glaucome chronique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF13804.
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Crook, Nigel T. "The theory of explanation applied to medical expert systems." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303194.
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Ram, Geetha Raghu Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "The design of a medical knowledge base system for ophthalmologists." Ottawa, 1988.
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Wells, Matthew. "An expert system for the visualization of medical image data." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU053302.
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This work starts from the premise that, given the current considerable growth in medical imaging, there is a need to develop a method that allows the information thus gathered to be used to its optimum - not only as a separate data set but also within the context of other related data. From this has grown the concept of a visualization tool which aids the visual comprehension of data present in an image by using information both internal and external to it. As a result, key medical features should be identified, labelled and presented in a clear and meaningful manner. The development of the visualization tool has been achieved through the use of blackboard-based expert system. As well as providing a method for integrating the different models used, the blackboard shell has enabled all aspects of the visualization process to be centrally supervised using a powerful and flexible control mechanism that permits both goal directed and data driven behaviour within the system. The modular approach that has been applied permits the model-based processes of feature recognition to be developed as quasi-independent systems. Two feature recognition models have been developed and these are interfaced to the rest of the tool through a set of feature dependent experts that contain knowledge about how and when to use these models to their optimum. In addition, further modification to the prototype shell used has permitted the development and application of a feature sensitive search strategy. All components of the visualization tool have been tested separately and as a whole using real medical image data from a relatively low resolution source and have been proved to work. The regions and features information applied proved the viability of the overall-performance of the knowledge based feature models and allowed the results to be visually presented in a concise and original manner that provided additional information to an image without loss of the original information.
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Frost, David Philip. "The design of a natural language interface for medical expert systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46306.
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ROGARI, ERIC. "Validation assistee par ordinateur : v.a.o. exemple du systeme expert valab." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31073.
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Mackin, Neil. "Development of an expert system for planning orthodontic treatment." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238890.
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Abdullah, Abdul Rahman Bin. "The representation and use of physiological knowledge in a medical diagnostic system." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236146.
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Saini, Devashish. "Development and testing of feed a feedback expert system for EMS documentation /." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. http://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2007m/saini.pdf.
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Chi, Chih-Lin Street William N. "Medical decision support systems based on machine learning." Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/283.
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Andersson, Sofie, and Hanna Sjögren. "KLINISKT TRÄNINGSCENTRUM : En reflekterande lärandemodell som kan vägleda novisen till att bli expert." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65093.
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Bakgrund: Kliniska träningscentrum (KTC) där studenter får träna i simulerad vårdmiljö har utvecklats på svenska universitet. Lärandemodellen har målet att sjuksköterskestudenterna ska sammankoppla teoretisk och praktisk kunskap samt tillhandahålla ett reflekterande förhållningssätt. Genom simuleringsträning är målet att utveckla sjuksköterskestudenternas medvetenhet om sina egna kunskaper samt begränsningar. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskestudenters uppfattningar och värderingar av ett kliniskt träningscentrum som lärandemodell samt att se om det fanns skillnader i uppfattningen mellan studenter i olika terminer. Metod: En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med enkät som instrument, deskriptiv statistik samt ett chi-tvåtest användes. Totalt 100 sjuksköterskestudenter i termin två till fem deltog i studien. Resultat: Studenterna har generellt sett en positiv uppfattning om KTC och de uppskattar lärandemodellen som de anser främja ett reflekterande förhållningssätt. Lärandet sammankopplar teori och praktik och undervisande lärare håller hög pedagogisk kvalité. Slutsatser: Simuleringsträningen gör att studenterna känner sig säkrare i mötet med patienten. Utvärderingar av lärandemodeller är viktiga för att de ansvariga ska kunna förbättra sjuksköterskeutbildningen i framtiden. En lärandemodell är under ständig utveckling och det är viktigt att ansvariga för KTC hörsammar denna konstruktiva kritik som framkommer i studien. Detta för att studenterna ska kunna utvecklas från novis till expert, få ett reflekterande förhållningssätt och följaktligen ge patientsäker vård.
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Chi, Chih-Lin. "Medical decision support systems based on machine learning." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/283.
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This dissertation discusses three problems from different areas of medical research and their machine learning solutions. Each solution is a distinct type of decision support system. They show three common properties: personalized healthcare decision support, reduction of the use of medical resources, and improvement of outcomes.
The first decision support system assists individual hospital selection. This system can help a user make the best decision in terms of the combination of mortality, complication, and travel distance. Both machine learning and optimization techniques are utilized in this type of decision support system. Machine learning methods, such as Support Vector Machines, learn a decision function. Next, the function is transformed into an objective function and then optimization methods are used to find the values of decision variables to reach the desired outcome with the most confidence.
The second decision support system assists diagnostic decisions in a sequential decision-making setting by finding the most promising tests and suggesting a diagnosis. The system can speed up the diagnostic process, reduce overuse of medical tests, save costs, and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. In this study, the system finds the test most likely to confirm a diagnosis based on the pre-test probability computed from the patient's information including symptoms and the results of previous tests. If the patient's disease post-test probability is higher than the treatment threshold, a diagnostic decision will be made, and vice versa. Otherwise, the patient needs more tests to help make a decision. The system will then recommend the next optimal test and repeat the same process.
The third decision support system recommends the best lifestyle changes for an individual to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As in the hospital recommendation system, machine learning and optimization are combined to capture the relationship between lifestyle and CVD, and then generate recommendations based on individual factors including preference and physical condition. The results demonstrate several recommendation strategies: a whole plan of lifestyle changes, a package of n lifestyle changes, and the compensatory plan (the plan that compensates for unwanted lifestyle changes or real-world limitations).
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Ben-Ahmeida, M. M. "A study of the design, reliability and knowledge structures of a multienvironmental medical expert system." Thesis, Brunel University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375833.
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Greenauer, Michael A. "HEMOS: an expert support system prototype for forecasting blood requirements for Marine Corps medical support/." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23249.
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Research was conducted to demonstrate the applicability of artificial intelligence techniques to the problem of estimating blood resupply requirements in Navy medical units supporting Marine Corps commands engaged in combat operations. Prototyping methodology was used to develop a combination expert system and decision support system, termed an expert support system, which was named HEMOS (Hemologic Expert Support System for Marine Corps Operational Support). The prototype system was tested and compared with state of the art manual techniques, and was found to be notably more accurate in forecasting blood resupply requirements. Keywords: Decision support systems; Expert systems
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Broniatowski, David André 1982. "A method for analysis of expert committee decision-making applied to FDA medical device panels." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62617.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 254-263).
Committees of experts are critical for decision-making in engineering systems. This is because the complexity of these systems requires that information is pooled from across multiple specialties and domains of knowledge. The social elements of technical decision-making are not well understood, particularly among expert committees. This is largely due to a lack of methodology for directly studying such interactions in real-world situations. This thesis presents a method for the analysis of transcripts of expert committee meetings, with an eye towards understanding the process by which information is communicated in order to reach a decision. In particular, we focus on medical device advisory panels in the US Food and Drug Administration. The method is based upon natural language processing tools, and is designed to extract social networks in the form of directed graphs from the meeting transcripts which are representative of the flow of information and communication on the panel. Application of this method to a set of 37 meetings from the FDA's Circulatory Systems Devices Panel shows the presence of numerous effects. Prominent among these is the propensity for panel members from similar medical specialties to use similar language. Furthermore, panel members who use similar language tend to vote similarly. We find that these propensities are correlated - i.e., as panel members' language converges by medical specialty, panel members' votes also converge. This suggests that voting behavior is mediated by membership in a medical specialty and supports the notion that voting outcome is, to some extent, dependent on an interpretation of the data associated with training, particularly when a small number of interpretations of the data are possible. Furthermore, there is some preliminary evidence to suggest that as clinical trial data ambiguity and difficulty of decisionmaking increases, the strength of the mediating effect of medical specialty decreases. Assuming a common decision is reached, this might indicate that committee members are able to overcome their specialty perspective as the committee jointly deals with hard problems over longer periods of time. In cases where the panel's vote is split, a lack of linguistic coherence among members of the same medical specialty correlates with a lack of linguistic coherence among members who vote the same way. This could be due to the presence of multiple interpretations of the data, leading to idiosyncratic or value-based choice. We also find that voting outcome is associated with the order in which panel members ask questions - a sequence set by the committee chair. Members in the voting minority are more likely to ask questions later than are members in the voting majority. Voting minority members are also more likely to be graph sinks (i.e., nodes in a social network that have no outflow) than are voting majority members. This suggests an influence mechanism on these panels that might be associated with framing - i.e., later speakers seem to be less able to convince other panel members to discuss their topics of interest contributing to these members' minority status. These results may have some relation to FDA panel procedures and structure. Finally, we present a computational model that embodies a theory of panel voting procedures. Model results are compared to empirical results and implications are drawn for the design of expert committees and their associated procedures in engineering systems.
by David André Broniatowski.
Ph.D.
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Ivanovskiy, Tim V. "Mining Medical Data in a Clinical Environment." Scholar Commons, 2006. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3908.
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The availability of new treatments for a disease depends on the success of clinical trials. In order for a clinical trial to be successful and approved, medical researchers must first recruit patients with a specific set of conditions in order to test the effectiveness of the proposed treatment. In the past, the accrual process was tedious and time-consuming. Since accruals rely heavily on the ability of physicians and their staff to be familiar with the protocol eligibility criteria, candidates tend to be missed. This can result and has resulted in unsuccessful trials.A recent project at the University of South Florida aimed to assist research physicians at H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, with a screening process by utilizing a web-based expert system, Moffitt Expedited Accrual Network System (MEANS). This system allows physicians to determine the eligibility of a patient for several clinical trials simultaneously.We have implemented this web-based expert system at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Gastroenterology (GI) Clinic. Based on our findings and staff feedback, the system has undergone many optimizations. We used data mining techniques to analyze the medical data of current gastrointestinal patients. The use of the Apriori algorithm allowed us to discover new rules (implications) in the patient data. All of the discovered implications were checked for medical validity by a physician, and those that were determined to be valid were entered into the expert system. Additional analysis of the data allowed us to streamline the system and decrease the number of mouse clicks required for screening. We also used a probability-based method to reorder the questions, which decreased the amount of data entry required to determine a patient's ineligibility.
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Wiseman, Scott. "Bayesian learning in graphical models." Thesis, University of Kent, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311261.
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Elieson, S. Willard (Sanfred Willard). "Development of an Expert System to Teach Diagnostic Skills." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331448/.
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The primary purpose of the study was to develop an expert system that could C D perform medical diagnoses In selected problem areas, and C2) provide diagnostic Insights to assist medical students In their training. An expert system Is a computer-based set of procedures and algorithms that can solve problems In a given domain. Two research questions were proposed. The first was "Given a problem space defined by a matrix of diseases and symptoms, can a computer-based model be derived that will consistently perform accurate and efficient diagnoses of cases within that problem area?" The second question was "If the techniques derived from the model are taught to a medical student, is there a subsequent improvement of diagnostic skill?" An expert system was developed which met the objectives of the study. It was able to diagnose cases in the two problem areas studied with an accuracy of 94-95%. Furthermore, it was able to perform those diagnoses in a very efficient manner, often using no more than the theoretical minimum number of steps. The expert system employed three phases: rapid search by discrimination, confirmation by pattern matching against prototypes, and elimination of some candidates (impossible states) by making use of negative information. The discrimination phase alone achieved accuracies of 73-78%. By comparison, medical students achieved mean accuracies of 54-55% in the same problem areas. This suggests that novices could improve their diagnostic accuracy by approximately 20% by following the simple rules used in the first phase of the expert system. Curricular implications are discussed. When 49 first-year medical students at the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine were exposed to some of the insights of the expert system by means of a videotaped 10- minute lecture, their diagnostic approach was modified and the accuracy of their diagnoses did improve. However, the degree of Improvement was not statistically significant. Recommendations for further research are made.
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Chueh, Henry C. "Integration of expert knowledge into computer-controlled databases in the medical domain : HEMAVID, a case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29202.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Harvard University--Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Program in Medical Engineering and Medical Physics, 1989.Includes bibliographical references (leaves [165]-[172]).
by Henry C. Chueh.
M.S.
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Hudzicki, Janet. "The transition from novice to expert within the medical technology community of practice : a phenomenological inquiry /." Search for this dissertation online, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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Kruvand, Marjorie Cameron Glen T. "Bioethicists in the news the evolving role of bioethicists as expert sources in science and medical stories /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7114.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb. 23, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dr. Glen T. Cameron, Dissertation Supervisor. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Danish, Aria. "LÄKEMEDELSRELATERADE PROBLEM OCH ELKTRONISKT EXPERT STÖD JÄMFÖRELSE AV IDENTIFIERADE LRP MED OCH UTAN EES PÅ APOTEK." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26010.
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Abstrakt Bakgrund: Läkemedelsrelaterade problem, LRP, framför allt hos personer med polyfarmaci, leder till allvarliga konsekvenser såsom sjuklighet, dödlighet och ökade ekonomiska kostnader. Elektroniskt expertstöd, EES, är ett beslutsstödsystem som har utvecklats för att stödja farmaceuter på öppenvårdsapotek till att identifiera och åtgärda potentiella LRP vid receptexpeditioner. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om användning av EES vid receptexpeditioner kommer att leda till fler identifierade och åtgärdade verkliga LRP. Metod: För två grupper av polyfarmaci apotek-kunder expedierades recept med och utan EES-kontroll. En dokumentationsmall användes för dokumentering av uppgifter. Insamlade resultat organiserades och analyserades statistisk med Excell. Resultat: Mellan antal patienter med minst 1, 2 eller 3–5 LRP var det inte någon statistisk signifikant skillnad dock totalt sett var det en signifikant skillnad som förklaras av skillnader i antal kunder med minst 3–5 LRP men även de med 2 LRP. Fler LRP både i antal och typ identifierades hos försöksgruppen med EES-kontroll. Andel åtgärdade och lösta LRP var också större för samma grupp. Diskussion: Trots att andelen kunder med minst ett verkligt LRP var mindre för försöksgruppen var andelen identifierade LRP hos denna grupp betydlig större. konklusion: Vi antog att andel kunder med minst ett identifierad LRP skulle öka med 20 % med EES stöd vid receptexpeditioner. Detta skedde inte. Däremot ökade antalet identifierade LRP vilket i sin tur orsakade att fler LRP åtgärdades och löstes.AbstractBackground: Drug-related problems (DRP) lead to serious consequences such as morbidity, mortality and increased economic costs, especially when it comes to people with polypharmacy. Electronic expert support system (EES) is a decision support system that has been developed to help pharmacists in community pharmacies to identify and rectify potential DRPs in prescription dispensing. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the use of the EES in prescription expeditions will lead to more identified and corrected real LRPs. Method: prescriptions were dispensed with and without EES control for two groups of polypharmacy pharmacy-customers. A documentation template was used for documentation of data. Collected results were organized and analyzed statistically with Excell Result: Between the number of patients with at least 1, 2 or 3–5 DRP, there was no statistically significant difference, however overall, there was a significant difference that was explained by differences in the number of customers with at least 3–5 DRP but also those with 2 DRP. More DRPs in both number and type were identified by the trial group with EES control. The proportion of rectified and solved DRPs was also larger for the same group. Discussion: Despite the fact that the proportion of customers with at least one real DRP was smaller for the experimental group, the proportion identified by DRP of this group was significantly larger. Conclusion: We assumed that the proportion of customers with at least one identified DRP would increase by 20% with EES support in prescription dispensing. This did not happend. On the other hand, the number of identified DRPs increased, which in turn caused more DRPs to be rectified and resolved.
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MELAN, PHILIPPE. "Enseignement assiste par ordinateur : systeme expert d'aide a l'interpretation de l'electrocardiogramme de repos : etude preliminaire." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31142.
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Piatti, Marco. "Honesty in the provision of expert services: The effect of naturalistic framings and participants' professions." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/94984/1/Marco_Piatti_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis studies the incentives and behaviour of providers of expert services, like doctors, financial advisors and mechanics. The focus is in particular on provision of health care using a series of credence goods experiments conducted to investigate undertreatment, overtreatment and overcharging in a medical context. The findings of study one suggest that a medical framing compared to a neutral framing significantly increases pro-social behaviour for standard participants in economic experiments. Study two compares the behaviour of medical practitioners - mainly doctors - to students. It is observed that medical doctors’ undertreat and overcharge significantly less, but at the same time overtreat significantly more than students. The final study compares behaviours for other experts - accountants, engineers and lawyers - using experimental framings drawn from the respective contexts and students from the respective faculties as participants in credence goods experiments.
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Curran, Mike. "Can a computer expert system aid the process of clinical decision-making in podiatry?" Thesis, University of Northampton, 2005. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2688/.
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The aim of this research was to invetigate the clinical decision-making processes used in podiatry and hence to investigate if a computer expert system could be used to aid the process of clinical decision-making. This was achieved through a sequence of four empirical studies. The initial study used card sorts to investigate seven expert podiatrists’ perceptions of and attitudes toward diagnostic aids, and in particular how podiatrists viewed expert systems. The results showed that expert systems are perceived as different in kind from other diagnostic aids such as X-rays or blood tests. The second study was conducted using one expert and one novice podiatrist and used a task analysis to investigate the types of tasks and skills undertaken by a podiatrist during the diagnosis of a patient in different clinical environments. The results indicate that the work is highly schematised and involves routine tasks such as nail care and callus reduction. In clinic, podiarists perform many tasks quickly. There was little difference between the number of tasks per minute undertaken in a general clinic and the number of tasks in a specialist diabetes clinic. Considering the speed of diagnosis, it is postulated that both expert and novice podiatrists’ use of schemata, pattern matching, and tacit and implicit knowledge dominates their diagnostic activity during consultations. The third study focused on how clinical reasoning and decision-making occur during consultations with a patient. Think-aloud protocols were used to investigate the differences in the clinical reasoning process between five expert and nine novice podiatrists. The speed of diagnosis and general lack of causal assertions suggest that use of schemata and tacit knowledge dominate the diagnosis process for both experts and novices. In a general setting, the novices produced four common clinical reasoning themes. These indicate that pattern recognition is a common method of diagnosis. However, there was an increase in the number of clinical reasoning themes used by experts in a specialist setting, indicating novice—expert differences. The fourth study used laddering interviews on a mixture of twelve NHS and private podiatrists to investigate why podiatrists used certain clinical reasoning themes. A hierarchical value map was derived, showing that, at an initial response level to the laddering questions, certain values were important: the palpation of the foot, building a picture of the foot condition, and being able to use clinical reasoning frequently and immediately. The emphases on palpation and immediacy of reasoning suggest that an expert system is unlikely to serve podiatrists’ needs in clinics. This research has provided a new understanding of the clinical reasoning processes used in podiatry. A podiatrist has a very busy timeline when diagnosing a patient and predominantly uses (and values) tacit knowledge, implicit learning, and compiled skills during consultations. There is little evidence for the need or desire for an expert system in clinical podiatry practice. However, if such an expert system were to be created, then: (a) it would have to be fast and non-intrusive so it can fit into a very busy consultation timeline, (b) it would need a knowledge base that could account for diagnosis of foot and leg conditions based on pattern recognition, and (c) it might be most valuable in the form of a decision support system for professional development that included the full range of expert diagnostic themes
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Fex, Angelika. "From Novice Towards Self-Care Expert : Studies of self-care among persons using advanced medical technology at home." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Omvårdnad, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-63742.
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The use of advanced medical technology at home has increased in most industrialized countries. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop knowledge of self-care and transition and issues that influence daily life and health among persons using advanced medical technology at home. Three qualitative studies were performed to describe the structure of self-care (I) and elucidate meanings of health-illness transition experiences among persons using long-term oxygen, or a ventila-tor, or performing blood or peritoneal dialysis (II), and to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of living with an adult family member in this context (III). Ten interviews with adult patients (I-II) and ten with adult next of kin (III) in this context were performed and analysed with descriptive phenome-nological (I), phenomenological hermeneutical (II) and hermeneutical (III) methods. A quantitative, descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional design was used to describe and find factors that influence self-care agency and perceived health in a larger group of persons (180 patients) using the enumerated types of advanced medical technology at home (IV). In the results, (I) self-care among persons using long-term oxygen, a ventilator, or equipment for blood or peritoneal dialysis at home was described at a generic level, independent of the specific type of technology used. The general description of self-care in this context involved prerequisites for, activities for and consequences of self-care; (II) the health-illness transition among adult persons in this context was interpreted as contentment at being part of the active and conscious process towards transcending into a new state of living, in which the individual and the technology were in tune. The successful and healthy transition experience was characterized by human growth and becoming; (III) living with a family member who is using advanced medical technology at home was interpreted as meaning rhythmical patterns of being closely connected to but also separated from him or her, and of sorrow versus reconciliation. Dependence on others was reflected in a need for support from the healthcare professionals and significant others; (IV) health-related and technology-related variables in daily life were rated as satisfactory to quite a high extent, but participants using long-term oxygen perceived their health as significantly lower compared to the other technology groups. Further, a significant difference in sense of coherence was found between users of long-term oxygen and peri-toneal dialysis. Factors that contributed to self-care agency and sense of coherence were found. In conclusion, self-care in a high-tech home context means more than simply mastering the technology. With the goal of maintaining an active, social life, the health-illness transition involves a learning process of accepting and integrating the technology into daily life. With knowledge and support, patients and next of kin are able to assume substantial responsibility for self-care/dependent-care. Daily life seems to be manageable for patients using this kind of technology at home.
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Arksey, Hilary. "Interactions and influences between lay and expert groups in the construction of medical knowledge : the case of RSI." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306876.
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Perzynski, Adam Thomas. "Between Facts and Voices: Medical and Lay Knowledge of the Spread of Hepatitis C." online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1207328082.
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Niemann, Uli Verfasser], Myra [Gutachter] [Spiliopoulou, and Bernhard [Gutachter] Preim. "Intelligent assistance for expert-driven subpopulation discovery in high-dimensional timestamped medical data / Uli Niemann ; Gutachter: Myra Spiliopoulou, Bernhard Preim." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237813964/34.
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Hapeshi, Julie E. "Recruiting ethical expertise : the roles of lay and expert members in NHS Research Ethics Committees." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/70410/.
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Drawing on the classification of expertise developed by Collins and Evans, this study explores the expertises held by members of NHS Research Ethics Committees (RECs) and how they differ from the ones described by the regulations. The study used Q methodology followed by ten semi-structured interviews with Lay and Expert REC members. The results show that committee members see themselves as part of a team, with individual members making different contributions to a collective task. Viewing REC members in this way allows their different expertises to be formally recognised and leads to the creation of two new membership categories, specialist and generalist, based on these expertises. Specialists have expertises such as statistics and pharmacy that are required by the current legislation and which would be present on recruitment. Generalists possess the other expertises needed by the committee but which not required by statute. These include the clinical expertises possessed by healthcare professionals and the other professional expertises – legal, academic, IT and so on – that are typically found amongst those currently classed as Lay members. All REC members, be they specialist or generalist, would also be trained in the ethical and regulatory expertises required to deliver an ethical review. Emphasising how all REC members, whether specialist or generalise, have expertises that contribute to the ethical review enables recruitment activities to focus on the skills needed by the committee rather than current concerns with population demographics. This provides a solution to many of the recruitment issues identified by participants. In particular, it enables the replacement of skills on a ‘like for like’ basis using clearly defined person specifications. Not only would such a process comply with the Nolan principles it be more likely to maintain the integrity and function of the committee regardless of personnel changes.
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Thom, Ashley C. "Exploring Medical Expert Testimony and its Contribution to Miscarriages of Justice An Examination of the Flawed Pathological Evidence of Dr Charles Smith." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28689.
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Wrongful convictions have garnered recent increased attention in Canada, but specific concern with the use of medical expert evidence in criminal trials is especially timely. With the recent Inquiry into Pediatric Forensic Pathology in Ontario, it has become clear that flawed medical expert evidence can have devastating effects on individuals and criminal trials. The theoretical framework of social constructionism was used in a cross-case pattern analysis to provide a foundation for examining the problematic expert testimony of Dr. Charles Smith in eight cases of unexplained child death. The findings suggest that Dr. Smith's expert evidence was not adequately evaluated at the gate of admissibility, and may have been evaluated by internalized judgments rather than direct assessments of that evidence. The results indicate a combination of contributing factors of Dr. Smith's flawed expert evidence and the subsequent miscarriages of justice, as Dr. Smith's flaws were overlooked and his testimony accepted uncritically.
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Nikiforou, Savvas. "Selection of Clinical Trials: Knowledge Representation and Acquisition." Scholar Commons, 2002. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1527.
Full textAbstract:
When medical researchers test a new treatment procedure, they recruit patients with appropriate health problems and medical histories. An experiment with a new procedure is called a clinical trial. The selection of patients for clinical trials has traditionally been a labor-intensive task, which involves matching of medical records with a list of eligibility criteria.
A recent project at the University of South Florida has been aimed at the automation of this task. The project has involved the development of an expert system that selects matching clinical trials for each patient. If a patient's data are not sufficient for choosing a trial, the system suggests additional medical tests.
We report the work on the representation and entry of the related selection criteria and medical tests. We first explain the structureof the system's knowledge base, which describes clinical trials and criteria for selecting patients. We then present an interface that enables a clinician to add new trials and selection criteria without the help of a programmer. Experiments show that the addition of a new clinical trial takes ten to twenty minutes, and that novice users learn the full functionality of the interface in about an hour.
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Karlsson, Johanna. "Identifying patterns in physiological parameters of expert and novice marksmen in simulation environment related to performance outcomes." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för medicinsk teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139589.
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The goal of this thesis is to investigate if it is possible to use measurements of physiological parameters to accelerate learning of target shooting for novice marksmen in Saab’s Ground combat indoor trainer (GC-IDT). This was done through a literature study that identified brain activity, eye movements, heart activity, muscle activity and breathing as related to shooting technique. The sensors types Electroencephalography (EEG), Electroocculography (EOG), Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electromyography (EMG) and impedance pneumography (IP) were found to be suitable for measuring the respective parameters in the GC-IDT. The literature study also showed that previous studies had found differences in the physiological parameters in the seconds leading up to the shot when comparing experts and novices. The studies further showed that it was possible to accelerate learning by giving feedback to the novices about their physiological parameters allowing them to mimic the behavior of the experts. An experiment was performed in the GC-IDT by measuring EOG, ECG, EMG and IP on expert and novice marksmen to investigate if similar results as seen in previous studies were to be found. The experiment showed correlation between eye movements and shooting score, which was in line with what previous studies had shown. The respiration measurement did not show any correlation to the shooting scores in this experiment, it was however possible to see a slight difference between expert and novices. The other measurements did not show any correlation to the shooting score in this experiment. In the future, further experiments needs to be made as not all parameters could be explored in depth in this experiment. Possible improvements to such experiments are i.e. increasing the number of participants and/or the number of shots as well as marking shots automatically in the data and increasing the time between shots.
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Jarodzka, Halszka [Verfasser], and Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Gerjets. "In the eye of an expert : Conveying perceptual skills in biological and medical domains via eye movement modeling examples / Halszka Jarodzka ; Betreuer: Peter Gerjets." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1162626992/34.
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Bouvier, Michel Rolland. "L'expertise medicale dans le droit de la sécurite sociale." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40008/document.
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La nature des litiges relatifs à l'appréciation médicale de l'état du malade ou de la victime d'un accident du travail ou d'une maladie professionnelle, a conduit à l'organisation extra-judiciaire d'une expertise médicale dite "technique", les litiges relatifs aux états d'incapacité incombant directement à des juridictions spécialisées (contentieux technique).L'expert, désigné d'un commun accord entre le médecin-conseil et le médecin traitant, est saisi par la caisse en vue de l'examen clinique du malade ou de la victime, à l'aide d'un protocole. La procédure est assortie de brefs délais et l'avis de l'expert, qui s'impose aux parties, peut être contesté dans le cadre du contentieux général.La mise en œuvre de la procédure s'impose à la juridiction (qui fixe la mission et prend la décision), quand la difficulté d'ordre médical survient en cours d'instance. Cette obligation, née du caractère substantiel des formalités, dont a pu découler la force probante de l'avis de l'expert à l'égard du juge, est exceptionnelle en droit français.La question est bien celle des fonctions respectives de l'expert et du juge, quand la CEDH vise à étendre le principe du procès équitable à la phase expertale, de telle sorte que pourrait naître un droit général d'accès à l'expertise et d'y être assisté par un technicien, ce que l'on peut observer dans l'expertise médicale.La thèse vise à prôner l'extension du régime de l'expertise médicale à l'exception propre aux accidents du travail et maladies professionnelles dans le domaine agricole, dont le régime est inspiré du droit commun, le contentieux technique paraissant pouvoir lui-même être étendu à cette exception, alors que la Cour de cassation (rapports 2010 et 2011) recommande son intégration au contentieux généralThe nature of the disputes related to the medical appraisal of the state of the sick person, or of the victim of an accident at work or of a professional illness, led to manage an extra judicial medical evaluation, so called "technical", the disputes related to the states of incapacity being directly devolved to specialized courts (technical litigation). As appointed on the basis of a common agreement between the counseling doctor and the personal practitioner, the medical experts is refered to by the caisse in order to evaluate the medical state of the sick person or of the victim, in accordance to a protocol. The proceeding is concluded in a short delay, ant the opinion of the medical expert, as compulsory for the litigants, is opened to a dispute in the frame of the general litigation.The implementation of the procedure is imperative for the court when a medical difficulty occurs during the judicial proceeding. As rooted in the substantive nature of the formalities, grounding the value of evidence for the expert opinion, this is an exceptional obligation.So that, the point is the distinction between the functions of the medical expert and the court when is met the aim to extend the right to a fair trial to the evaluation stage, ant it could arise a general right to medical evaluation and to be assisted by a specialist, as for the extra judicial proceeding.An objective of the thesis is to propose an extension to the existing exception of the accidents at work or the professional illness in the agricultural area, as shaped by the general legal regime. So that the technical litigation could too receive an extension, completely in opposition to the solution wished by the Cour de cassation (reports 2010, 2011) of an integration to the general litigation
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Johansson, Axel. "Patient Empowerment and Accessibilityin e-Health Services : Accessibility Evaluation of a Mobile WebSite for Medical Records Online." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för visuell information och interaktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-262241.
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This thesis evaluates a DEMO version of the mobile web site for medical recordsonline, m.minavardkontakter.se, from a web accessibility point of view. The evaluationis an expert evaluation based on the ISO standard for web accessibility, Web ContentAccessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 that is complemented with an evaluation basedon fictitious characters, so called personas. The personas were used to representthree groups of people with different kinds of disabilities; perceptual impairment(aniridia), physical impairment (rheumatism) and cognitive impairment (aphasia). Bycombining and comparing these two methods of evaluation, the thesis also evaluatesthe methods themselves. It was seen from both evaluations that the mobile web sitedoes not entirely fulfill the requirements (success criteria) for web accessibility.WCAG 2.0 found more problems in accessibility than did the personas. However, thepersonas found some problems that were overseen by WCAG 2.0, especially whenthe mobile web site was explored using voice synthesis. The results from the twoevaluations were combined in a set of recommendations for improvement, ranked inorder of importance according to the author. The results conclude that WCAG 2.0 isa good tool for evaluating web accessibility but it is recommended to continue to usethe personas in the future development of the mobile web site.
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Rich, Valerie J. "Educational backgrounds and teaching styles of athletic training educators in entry-level CAAHEP accredited athletic training programs." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001506.
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Zarei, Anahita. "A novel assessment index and intelligent predictive models for orthodontics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6093.
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Garbay, Catherine. "Images, stratégies perceptives et stratégies cognitives d'analyse." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Grenoble 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320009.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif est le développement de systèmes susceptibles d'appréhender et de rendre accessibles des données cohérentes vis à vis des références humaines d'appréciaciation des images. Une présentation des formes iconiques d'expression des unités observées et de leur signification fonctionnelle est ainsi effectuée, et suivie d'une systhèse des modes humains de perception et d'interprétation des images. Parallèlement à ceci, un chapitre est consacré à l'investigation des moyens informatiques de représentation et d'analyse d'images, et à leurs limites. La confrontation de ces différents éléments conduit à envisager la prise en compte de connaissances spécifiques du domaine d'application, à approfondir leur forme de représentation et à étudier les stratégies possibles de leur exploitation. Les concepts introduits sont illustrés par leur application à la segmentation d'images cytologiques et à l'interprétation d'images histologiques (diagnostic du cancer du sein).
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Scialdo, Antonia. "Predictors of student success in the Army Medical Department (AMEDD) Licensed Practical Nurse training program (91WM6) as identified by expert nurse educators, instructors, and administrators at Fort Sam Houston Post, San Antonio, Texas." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3056.
Full textAbstract:
The U.S. Army Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) dates back to the fall of 1947
and evolved from severe professional nursing shortages of World War II. Today, as in
the past, to sustain U.S. Army readiness the highly medically trained combat soldier
must possess skills and competency of an LPN, which is a result of successful
completion of a 52-week 91WM6 training program.
The purpose of this two-part descriptive study includes evaluation of
quantitative and qualitative data. The Delphi technique and a retrospective student
record review were utilized to gather data. Dependent variables included student
demographics such as age, rank, gender, years of military experience, marital status,
prior education and medical related experience, Armed Services Vocational Aptitude
Battery (ASVAB) scores, specifically Skilled Technical (ST) and General Technical
(GT), students interpretation of stressors of military life, occupational goals, number
of college units attained, number of examinations failed and physical fitness tests failed, Article 15Âs administered, and counseling. The independent variable was
successful completion of the National Council Licensure Examination for Practical
Nursing (NCLEX) examination on the first attempt.
Major research findings of this study included:
1. The research revealed higher pass rates for a private first class and
specialist, as compared to lower pass rates of corporals and sergeants.
Additionally, soldier students in the study who had completed at least one
college unit (had attended college), had a 92% pass rate as compared to
those who had not completed any additional education or college after high
school (75.0%). It is suggested that prior experience may improve entry
cognitive skills that enhance academic performance along with the studentÂs
achievement.
2. The research revealed that those soldier students who tended to have higher
GT and ST scores failed program tests significantly fewer times.
3. Based on the results of the expert opinions of the panelists (Delphi) who
participated in the study, the highest-rated predictors in completing the
course were positive study habits, demonstrating diligence, and motivation.
For predictors related to passing the NCLEX-PN, the highest rate was the
ability to think critically and specifically preparing for the NCLEX
examination.
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Khoury, Gregory Robert. "A strategic, system-based knowledge management approach to dealing with high error rates in the deployment of point-of-care devices." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96206.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.There is a growing trend towards the use of point of care testing in resource poor settings, in particular in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Tuberculosis (TB) and Malaria. The Alere PIMA CD4 counter is widely used as a point of care device in the staging and management of HIV. While the instrument has been extensively validated and shown to be comparable to central laboratory testing, little is known about the error rates of these devices, as well as the factors that contribute to error rates. This research was a retrospective analysis of error rates from 61 PIMA point of care devices deployed in nine African countries belonging to Medisciens Sans Frontiers. The data was collected between January 2011 and June 2013. The objectives of the study were to determine the overall error rate and, where possible, determine the root cause. Thereafter the study aimed to determine the variables that contribute to the root causes and make recommendations to reduce the error rate. The overall error was determined to be 13.2 percent. The errors were further divided into four root causes and error rates assigned to each root cause based on the error codes generated by the instrument. These error rates were found to be operator error (48.4%), instrument error (2.0%), reagent/cartridge error (1%) and sample error (4.3%). It was found that a high percentage of the errors were ambiguous (44.3%), meaning that they had more than one possible root cause. A systems-based knowledge management approach was used to create a qualitative politicised influence diagram, which described the variables that affect each of the root causes. The influence diagram was subjected to loop analysis where individual loops were described in terms of the knowledge type (tacit or explicit), the knowing type (know-how, know-who, know-what and know-why), and the actors involved with each variable. Where possible, the variable was described as contributing to pre-analytical, analytical or post-analytical error. Recommendations to reduce the error rates for each of the variables were then made based on the findings.
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Junior, João Baptista Opitz. "Erro médico em cirurgia do aparelho digestivo: contribuição para o estudo das provas técnicas, periciais e documentais e suas implicações jurídicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5154/tde-04042007-080142/.
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Neste trabalho foram analisados trinta processos judiciais, que tramitam pelos Fóruns Regionais Cíveis de São Paulo, capital e interior e Instituições Periciais da Capital. Fez-se as extrações individualizadas de cada processo, objetivando definir as principais causas e documentos juntados ao mesmo e conseqüências de cada condição. Iniciou-se pela importância prática do tema para efeito de evolução médico-social. Buscou-se estudar a visão da relação médico-paciente, mesmo durante a demanda, a informação ao paciente e seus familiares dos procedimentos e limitadores do ato médico; o documental técnico jurídico juntado ao processo; o preparo técnico-jurídico do médico e, se, a propositura de ação depende da formação e especialização do profissional. Foram analisados processos judiciais de primeira instância no período de 1996 a 2002 correlacionados à cirurgias do aparelho digestivo. Usou-se como parâmetro de análise exclusivamente os documentos juntados aos autos onde buscou-se a existência clara da quebra da relação médico-paciente, a existência de consentimento informado, a verificação do documental juntado à defesa pelas partes ou solicitação judicial e a qualificação do profissional envolvido nas ações. Finalmente, analisados os resultados, chegamos a conclusão que a melhor forma para profilaxia da ação cível indenizatória por erro médico é: a boa relação médico-paciente; a manutenção de prontuário médico preenchido, legível, com carimbo e assinatura; o consentimento informado, que, deve ser elaborado, porém, por si só não é suficiente; e a condição técnico curricular do profissional não é fator atenuante para propositura da ação.Thirty legal proceedings, which are in progress before the Regional Civil Courts both the Capital and the countryside of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, besides Examination Institutions in the Capital city of Sao Paulo, have been analyzed in this work Individual excerpts of each case were taken with the purpose of defining the main causes and documentation attached to them as well the consequences of each condition. The practical importance of the subject for the medical-social evolution has been addressed in the first place. The physician/patient relationship view was sought to be studied, even during the claim, as well as the information of the medical procedures and limitations to the patient and his or her family; the technical/legal documentation attached to the case; the physician technical/legal preparation and whether the filing of the action depends on the professional education and specialization. Trial court cases from 1996 to 2002 related to digestive system surgery have been analyzed. The analysis subject hereof has been based exclusively on the documents attached to the case record, where attempts have been made to evidence the clear existence of the breach of the physician/patient relationship, the existence of informed consent, the examination of the documentation attached to the defense by the parties or court request, and the qualification of the professional involved in the actions. Finally, after the results have been analyzed, a conclusion was reached that the best way of avoiding a civil action for damages due to medical malpractice includes: a good relationship between doctors and patients; keeping the patient record completed, legible, stamped, and signed; informed consent, which must be prepared but it is not sufficient on its own; and the professional technical experience and background do not constitute a mitigating circumstance for filing the action.
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Morice, Vincent. "Saga : un generateur temporel de plans pour la recherche diagnostique." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066426.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de saga est de determiner la sequence des examens complementaires a effectuer pour un patient donne, afin de pouvoir prendre, le plus rapidement possible, une decision therapeutique adaptee qui minimise les couts
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Küppers, Julia [Verfasser], and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Zipfel. "How Can Medical Students Be Prepared Effectively for Current Challenges in the Field of Expert-Guided Online-Counselling on Preventive Interventions? - A Randomised, Prospective Trial Exemplified by a Case Study of Mammography-Screening / Julia Küppers ; Betreuer: Stephan Zipfel." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1196704252/34.
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Clark, Matthew C. "Knowledge guided processing of magnetic resonance images of the brain [electronic resource] / by Matthew C. Clark." University of South Florida, 2001. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000001.
Full textAbstract:
Includes vita.Title from PDF of title page.
Document formatted into pages; contains 222 pages.
Includes bibliographical references.
Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format.
ABSTRACT: This dissertation presents a knowledge-guided expert system that is capable of applying routinesfor multispectral analysis, (un)supervised clustering, and basic image processing to automatically detect and segment brain tissue abnormalities, and then label glioblastoma-multiforme brain tumors in magnetic resonance volumes of the human brain. The magnetic resonance images used here consist of three feature images (T1-weighted, proton density, T2-weighted) and the system is designed to be independent of a particular scanning protocol. Separate, but contiguous 2D slices in the transaxial plane form a brain volume. This allows complete tumor volumes to be measured and if repeat scans are taken over time, the system may be used to monitor tumor response to past treatments and aid in the planning of future treatment. Furthermore, once processing begins, the system is completely unsupervised, thus avoiding the problems of human variability found in supervised segmentation efforts.Each slice is initially segmented by an unsupervised fuzzy c-means algorithm. The segmented image, along with its respective cluster centers, is then analyzed by a rule-based expert system which iteratively locates tissues of interest based on the hierarchy of cluster centers in feature space. Model-based recognition techniques analyze tissues of interest by searching for expected characteristics and comparing those found with previously defined qualitative models. Normal/abnormal classification is performed through a default reasoning method: if a significant model deviation is found, the slice is considered abnormal. Otherwise, the slice is considered normal. Tumor segmentation in abnormal slices begins with multispectral histogram analysis and thresholding to separate suspected tumor from the rest of the intra-cranial region. The tumor is then refined with a variant of seed growing, followed by spatial component analysis and a final thresholding step to remove non-tumor pixels.The knowledge used in this system was extracted from general principles of magnetic resonance imaging, the distributions of individual voxels and cluster centers in feature space, and anatomical information. Knowledge is used both for single slice processing and information propagation between slices. A standard rule-based expert system shell (CLIPS) was modified to include the multispectral analysis, clustering, and image processing tools.A total of sixty-three volume data sets from eight patients and seventeen volunteers (four with and thirteen without gadolinium enhancement) were acquired from a single magnetic resonance imaging system with slightly varying scanning protocols were available for processing. All volumes were processed for normal/abnormal classification. Tumor segmentation was performed on the abnormal slices and the results were compared with a radiologist-labeled ground truth' tumor volume and tumor segmentations created by applying supervised k-nearest neighbors, a partially supervised variant of the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, and a commercially available seed growing package. The results of the developed automatic system generally correspond well to ground truth, both on a per slice basis and more importantly in tracking total tumor volume during treatment over time.
System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Suermondt, Henri Jacques. "Explanation in Bayesian belief networks." Full text available online (restricted access), 1992. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/suermondt.pdf.
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Julio, Marcia Regina Ferro Moss. "Um estudo de metricas de similaridade em sistemas baseados em casos aplicados a area da saude." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276510.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Gilberto Shigueo Nakamiti, Heloisa Vieira da RochaDissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
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Resumo: No momento da escolha da solução para um problema, muitas vezes o ser humano se vale de experiências passadas, ocorridas com problemas semelhantes e que, portanto, podem prever soluções de sucesso ou não. Sistemas Baseados em Casos (SBC) podem utilizar soluções anteriores para interpretar uma nova situação, ou criar uma solução apropriada para um novo problema. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de métricas de similaridade em sistemas baseados em casos, aplicados à área da saúde, mais especificamente sobre epicondilite lateral, uma tendinite do cotovelo. O estudo sobre métricas de similaridade em sistemas baseados em casos foi realizado a partir de levantamentos bibliográficos sobre Raciocínio Baseados em Casos e sobretudo com o estudo e aprendizado obtido por meio da aplicação de RBC na área da Saúde. A aplicação foi desenvolvida com a participação de profissionais da área da saúde que muito colaboraram na construção da aplicação, bem como com o fornecimento de casos reais para os cadastros na base de casos e aplicação de testes de validação
Abstract: When solving a problem, humans ofien use past experiences with similar situations, which can help the prediction of failure or success. Case-Based Systems use past experiences to interpret a new situation, or to create an appropiate solution for a new problem. For work presents a study on similarity metrics in case-based systems, and an application concerning the health area, more specifically about Lateral Epiconditis, an elbow tendinitis. The study on similarity metrics in case-based systems was conducted from bibliographic research and more importantly, with the study and learning abtained with the health area application development. Health area professionals took part and helped the application development, as well as provided real cases to configure and validate the system
Mestrado
Engenharia de Software
Mestre Profissional em Computação
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Jangholi, Narges. "A bayesian network system for tinnitus diagnostics." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2014.
Find full textAbstract:
Orientador: Prof. Dr. Peter M. E. ClaessensDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociência e Cognição, 2014.
Zumbido (tinnitus) é um distúrbio comum de audição, muitas vezes debilitante em graus variados. Dado que zumbido é uma condição multifacetada, com sintomas que frequentemente são psicológicos e subjetivos, e com muitas causas potenciais, a diagnose deste distúrbio não é trivial. Por exemplo, zumbido pode ser objetivo e mensurável ou subjetivo e produzido por fatores neurais que podem ser de localização mais periférica ou central. Este projeto de mestrado propõe o desenvolvimento de um sistema especialista médico para apoiar clínicos na indicação de tratamento para zumbido. Este estudo foca em três tipos de tratamento para zumbido, a saber, dieta, medicação e aparelho auditivo, como também nas combinações, para categorização supervisionada. Redes Bayesianas ingênuas (naive) foram utilizadas para relacionar uma diversidade de resultados de exames e elementos de anamnese a indicações de tratamento por clínicos. Como tratamentos não são mutualmente exclusivos, a categorização deve levar em conta casos multi-label, isto é, a possibilidade de indicações diferentes de tratamento simultâneas. Com o objetivo de mapear as probabilidades a posteriori das indicações diferentes de tratamento para classificação multi-label , a diferença entre as distribuições a posteriori foi usada como critério para resolver o problema multi-label. Esta estratégia foi avaliada e o desempenho comparada a uma estratégia mais simples de mapeamento single-label. Os resultados mostram que a acurácia da abordagem multi-label é melhor que o ajuste single-label. O sistema fornece assim um primeiro passo satisfatório do desenvolvimento de um sistema de apoio médico futuramente mais amplo, integrado e dinâmico.
Tinnitus is a common hearing disorder, often debilitating to varying degrees. Given that tinnitus is a multifaceted condition, with symptoms that are often psychological and subjective, and with many different possible causes, its diagnosis is not trivial. For example, tinnitus can be objective and measureable or subjective and produced by neural factors which can either be more peripheral or more centrally located. This Master¿s project proposes the development of a medical expert system to assist clinicians in the indication of treatment for tinnitus. This study focused on three types of treatment for tinnitus, namely, Diet, Medication and Hearing Aid, as well as on their combinations for supervised categorization. Naïve Bayes networks were used to relate a diversity of test results and elements of the anamnesis to treatment referrals by clinicians. Because treatments are not mutually exclusive, the categorization needs to take into account multi-labeling cases, that is, the possibility of several simultaneous treatment indications. In order to map the posterior probabilities of the different treatment indications to multi-labeling classification, the difference between posterior probabilities was used as a criterion to solve the multi-labeling problem. This strategy was evaluated and its performance compared to a simpler single-labeling mapping strategy. The result shows that the accuracy of the multi-labeling approach is higher than a single-labeling adjustment. The system thus provides a first satisfactory step in the development of a more encompassing, integrated and dynamic medical support system.
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Dantas, Marcio Paixão. "St-Modeler : um ambiente de desenvolvimento e verificação de guias de conduta clinica." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/276070.
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Orientador: Jacques WainerDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
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Resumo: Um guia de conduta médica é um documento formado por um conjunto de recomendações sistematicamente desenvolvidas para auxiliar nas decisões de praticantes e pacientes sobre cuidados de saúde em circunstâncias específicas. Desde que sejam bem elaborados, comprovadamente melhoram a qualidade média do atendimento médico. Frequentemente médicos não estão acostumados com guias práticos escritos em papel e não os aplicam adequadamente. Implementados em sistemas computacionais podem melhorar significativamente a qualidade do atendimento médico diretamente no local da assistência. Este trabalho está ligado ao projeto ST-Guide, uma iniciativa surgida no Instituto de Computação da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (IC-UNICAMP) para resolver o problema de formalização e implementação de guias clínicos práticos. As contribuições realizadas foram: (a) reestruturação do projeto em outras tecnologias; (b) estabelecimento e implementação de uma arquitetura extensível para suportar modelagem e implementação de guias; (c) realização de alterações conceituais para facilitar o processo de modelagem; (d) criação de novo algoritmo para verificação lógica de incompletude e ambiguidade; e (e) criação de um ambiente gráfico de desenvolvimento de guias associado a um verificador lógico que atua em tempo real, isto é, à medida em que ocorre a modelagem. Experimentos baseados em guias clínicos para assistência pré-natal e hipertensão são apresentados e o texto é concluído com uma discussão do que foi realizado e sugestão de trabalhos futuros.
Abstract: Clinical guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances. Since well elaborated, they provenly improve medical assistance quality. Oftenly clinicians aren't used to paper written guidelines and don't apply them adequately. Implemented in computer systems guidelines can significantly improve medical care quality directly at the point-of-care. This work is related to ST-Guide project, an initiative arisen at the Institute of Computing of State University of Campinas (IC-UNICAMP) to solve the practice guideline formalization and implementation problems. The contributions done were: (a) project restructuring on other technologies; (b) extensible architecture specification and implementation to support guideline modelling and implementation; (c) conceptual changes to ease modelling; (d) new incompletude and ambiguity logical verification algorithm; and (e) guideline graphical development environment coupled with a real time logical verifier. Experiments based on pre-natal assistence and hypertension clinical guidelines are presented and the text is concluded with a discussion of what was done and future work suggestions.
Mestrado
Mestre em Computação
50
Saleh, Kazi. "The role of translation competence of medical experts in the translation of English-Kurdish Medical Abstracts." Thesis, City, University of London, 2016. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18243/.
Full textAbstract:
This study is an attempt to consider the role of translation competence of medical experts who are self-translating medical research abstracts from English into Kurdish. To do so, it investigates a corpus of research abstracts terminologically, syntactically and textually in order to identify and establish the translation competence of the medical experts. The study adopts the descriptive approach to translation for the purpose of its investigation within the frame of which it employs Toury’s methodology in order to analyse 65 originally written abstracts and 65 translated Kurdish abstracts. The aim of the study is to identify the translation competence of medical experts who perform English-Kurdish specialised medical translation. It also aims to identify any potential recurrent translational behaviour that occurs in Kurdish specialised medical translation. Moreover, the study aims to provide an insight into the status of Kurdish specialised language through examining the translated abstracts. The results of the data analysis reveal that medical experts have successfully demonstrated the translation of their research abstracts as far as terminology and conceptual knowledge are concerned. However, their translations show recurrent cases of linguistic and textual markedness which can be attributed to a lack of linguistic and textual competence. The results also revealed that Kurdish specialised medical language is not under-developed as the study hypothesised but it has a rich stock of specialised terminology as well as naturalised terms that the medical experts have largely used in their self-translated abstracts. Based on the outcomes of the study, it is concluded that medical experts require linguistic and textual competence as much as subject competence. In addition, consistent and appropriate proofreading can have a profound impact on specialised medical translation in reducing the incidence of syntactic and textual calques as well as common typographical errors before publication.