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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Medical ethics'
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1
Animasaun, Emmanuel Dare. "Professional Medical Ethicist: A Weed or Desired Member in Medical Ethics Debates?" Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6635.
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We now live in an era of experts on virtually everything, among which we have professional medical ethicists, who gained prominence in the late 60s due to dramatic advances in medical technology. Before then, medical ethics issues were not thought as separable from the warp and woof of the everyday life. Medical technology’s advancement cascades legions of moral problems in medicine and biomedical research. Series of innovative interventions in medicine raise throngs of ethical questions. In most cases that have to do with issues of life and death, there are perceived moral conflicts. Due to this swath of problematic issues that need solutions, some apologists favour medical ethics experts as fit for the job, while critics argue that no one has the knowledge or skill for dealing with moral quandaries because objective truth is not feasible in ethics and moral judgment is relative to cultures, beliefs and values. The necessity for medical ethicists to take active role in Medical Ethics Debates, either in Committees at the institutional level, or at any other decision-making mechanisms is justified in this thesis. In addition to this, the thesis also justifies medical ethicists’ role as expert consultants to clinicians and individuals alike This justification is based on complex moral problems accentuated by medical technology, which are far from being easily solved through mere appeal to individual reason, but rather by involving medical ethicists based on their specialized knowledge and high level understanding of research and practice. Although critics question the authority with which experts speak on these issues, nevertheless, the thesis unravels the roles, functions, significance and components of expert’s expertise that separate him/her from the crowd. Arguments are critically analysed and medical ethicists’ limits and professional flaws are addressed, with a view to establishing a virile foundation for the profession of medical ethics.
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Mitchell, Gemma Lynsey. "Autonomy in medical ethics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611447.
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Jotterand, Fabrice 1967. "Does virtue ethics contribute to medical ethics? : an examination of Stanley Hauerwas' ethics of virtue and its relevance to medical ethics." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33292.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine the concept of virtue ethics in Stanley Hauerwas's understanding of virtue and delineate how that contributes to his ethical reasoning and his comprehension of medical ethics. The first chapter focuses on the shift that occurred in moral theory under the stance of the Enlightenment that eroded the traditional idea of morality as the formation of the self, allowing space for new concepts that dismissed the importance of the agent in the ethical task of seeking the good. In the second chapter, the three main ideas (character, vision, and narrative) that make up Hauerwas' ethical theory are examined with a particular attention to the importance of agency in moral life. The third chapter describes how Hauerwas' medical ethics, informed by his moral theory based on character, vision, and narrative, is relevant to medical ethics. Hauerwas argues that because medicine is a form of human activity with internal goods and standards of excellence intrinsic to its practice, it requires taking into account the notion of agency in the healing relationship. Finally, in the last chapter the specific religious discourse of Hauerwas' ethics is discussed in relation to secular medical ethics. In other words, this thesis raises the question of whether the reduction of medical ethics to a set of principles, as it is mostly the case today, represents a suitable picture of the reality of moral life in medicine.
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Baines, Paul Bruce. "Making medical decisions for children : ethics." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6511/.
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Children are largely ignored in medical ethics, which concentrates on adults with capacities that children lack (including competence, or rationality). This thesis answers how medical decisions should be made for unquestionably incompetent children. The dominant approach to medical ethics in the West depends on respect for autonomy and this distorts medical ethics for children in two ways. Firstly, parental decisions for children may be taken to have the same authority as respect for autonomy. Secondly, theories of general well-being have focused on adult’s well-being with an endorsement of the components of that well-being by the adult themselves. This has hindered the development of an objective, impartial, conception of interests, arguably, the best fit for making decisions for very young children. I argue that although children are clearly demarcated from adults in medical ethics, there is not a clear explanation of why this is. For young children others must make decisions or be prepared to override the child’s decisions. More recently, the distinction between adults and children have become blurred, exemplified by the use of terms such as ‘young person’. Children’s rights at best draw attention to children and their interests, but do not help in resolving the medical treatment of incompetent children. The most promising approach depends on articulating an account of children’s interests. For several reasons the best interests standard is not defensible. I argue that a reasoned, or reasonable, agreement upon the child’s interests should determine medical treatment. Neither the child’s parents (nor the clinicians) can be taken to have an incorrigible grasp of the child’s interests, all should justify the reasons for their choices.
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Green, Alan James. "Moral particularism : implications in medical ethics." Thesis, Keele University, 2014. http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/622/.
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Particularism challenges the accepted idea of normative moral theory that morality can be reduced to a finite set of fundamental principles; it sees morality as quite capable of getting on without such principles. This thesis is concerned with asking what, if any, changes would be required in the practice of medical ethics if this is correct. It is proposed that current guidelines for professional clinicians and medical scientists constitute a “fleshed out” normative system which provides pro tanto rules for ethical practice. To investigate the implications of this in a particularist world, the idea of thin and thick moral concepts is extended to cover moral principles so that generalist professional guidance is seen as constituted of thick principles. This guidance aims to provide the required confidence for the doctor-patient relationship and in particular for the trust required between doctor and patient. Examples of the development of protocols for early phase clinical trials in cancer, and of resource allocation in a resource limited system are used to investigate the difference in decision making, and thus in the decisions themselves, between generalist and particularist professionals. In a generalist world trust is placed in the systems of trustworthiness (practice guidelines etc) and thus in the developers of such systems; in a particularist world moral decisions are made by the clinician and so trust is placed much more directly in that clinician. The implications of this analysis are that under particularism medical ethical training (initial and continuing) would focus more on the development of moral character of the various professionals and less of following guidelines. The complexity of modern medicine implies that such guidelines would still be required, but they would no longer represent pro tanto duties, but rather ceteris paribus advice.
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Descombes, Christine Ruth Elisabeth Hermine. "Before ethics? : a study of the ethos of the medical profession." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://oro.open.ac.uk/19903/.
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The thesis makes a distinctive contribution to the field of professional ethics; offering a more nuanced understanding of the role of a profession’s ethos in relation to its ethics. In so doing, it also offers a valuable insight into GP thinking at what proved to be a unique moment in the history of that branch of the medical profession. Using historical and empirical data, the thesis first traces the development of the medical profession’s ethos - Its belief in itself as a noble, superior profession, of special dignity and worth. It then shows the influence of that ethos in areas of professional decision-making that have had a particular impact on the provision of health care within the LJK over the past 50 years. Taking the profession’s ethos as a benchmark, the study explores the nature of the profession’s response to the creation, control and, in recent years, major reform of the NHS which reform introduced a new emphasis on management. The latter provides a case study that relates the theoretical material to an historical situation This includes a number of interviews with GPs that point to the beliefs and values influencing their decisions in relation to the reforms, as they affected general practice. The study concludes that, although a profession dependant on attracting clients may find it necessary to subscribe to a set of ethical principles that draws on outside beliefs and values, it is the ethics derived from its own internal ethos that will take precedence in guiding everyday thinking and practice
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Lolley, Sarah. "Medical professionalism and the fictional TV medical drama House MD." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112537.
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This thesis is an exploration and analysis of what audiences may be learning about medical professionalism from the fictional television (TV) medical drama House MD. Fictional TV medical dramas are an important form of medical narrative in that they are usually created by writers with no medical training. As such, they carry a higher risk of portraying the practice of medicine inaccurately. A review of the scholarly literature reveals that there is a precedent for fictional TV medical dramas to affect viewers' perception of the practice of medicine and health behaviours, and viewers' understanding of medical ethics issues. It also reveals strong empirical evidence that TV medical dramas can affect audience's perceptions of physicians' character. A thorough review of the first two seasons of House MD reveals 20 lessons on professionalism (i.e. lessons on interactions with colleagues and patients, medical ethics, and professional competence) that the title character, Gregory House, is imparting to viewers. All 20 lessons are in direct conflict with established charters on professionalism. Arguments are made for the programme's potential to negatively affect patient access to care, physician-patient relations, interactions between healthcare professionals, and applications to medical school.
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McManus, Ian Christopher. "Medical students : origins, selection, attitudes and culture." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342730.
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Dinh, Hoa Trung. "Theological medical ethics: A virtue based approach." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104403.
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Thesis advisor: LISA S. CAHILLThe Nuremberg trials ushered in a new era in which the four principles approach has become progressively the norm in Euro-American biomedical ethics, while the concepts of virtue and character become marginalized. In recent decades, the AIDS pandemic has highlighted the social aspects of health and illness, and the individualistic nature of the four principles approach proves inadequate in addressing the social causes of illness and poor health. At the global level, the promotion of the four principles approach as the universal norm can lead to the displacement of local values and customs, and the alienation of people from their cultural heritage. In this dissertation, I argue that although principles are indispensable, the virtue-based approach is more adequate in addressing these needs. The dissertation demonstrates that a virtue-based medical ethics informed by the gospel vision of healing would support models of health care that take seriously the social determinants of illness, and advocate action on behalf of the poor and the marginalized. At the global level, virtue-based medical ethics also allows the coexistence of the universal values and the local norms, and encourages cross-cultural dialogue. This dissertation develops a virtue-based medical ethics grounded in the Aristotelian teleological structure, and integrating insights obtained from the historical critical study of the healing narratives in Luke-Acts. It also provides a correlative study of the love command in Luke and the virtue of humaneness in the medical ethics of eighteenth century Vietnamese physician Hai Thuong Lan Ong. The concluding chapter brings these elements together in a discussion of the work of the Vietnamese Catholic AIDS care network
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Theology
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Harpin, A. R. "Theatre, medical identities, and ethics, 1983-2008." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603733.
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Arthur W. Frank’s notion of a ‘diagnostic identity’ provided the departure point for my study. The thesis examines contemporary British drama that stages the cultural movement towards post-diagnostic identity. Four groups form the focus of the discussion: the mentally ill, the sexually abused, older people, and those with learning disabilities. I contend that these groups are particularly stigmatised with both health and cultural milieus as untrustworthy speaking subjects. Their voices are invalidated on the basis of their health identities and consequently it is vital to examine theatre work that seeks to re-shape lay and cultural perspectives of those deemed, mad, damaged, old, or stupid. Chapter one charts the movement from madness as dramatic metaphor to the staging of mental ill health. This section explores how these dramatics disturb the material of theatre in order to articulate experience that is inherently resistant to language. Chapter two is concerned with the theatrical representation of child sexual abuse, and explores the translation of sexual violence into theatre aesthetics. By examining issues of pornography, torture, fetish, comedy, and gender politics, this chapter questions the representational possibilities of ‘unspeakable’ stories. The third chapter discusses ageing in contemporary drama. While the social narrative of ageing is one of inevitable decline, this section demonstrates how dramatists place ageing in a state of flux. Further, the relationship between acting, illness roles, and stereotype is explored in order to demonstrate the resistive practices of these dramatists. Chapter four draws together works that represent those with mental or learning impairment, and examines plural strategies of representation from positive imagery to normalisation to social realism to farce and finally to tragedy. This chapter anatomises the debate about equality activism and politically radical work that seeks to alter structures of feeling and models of engagement. The final chapter juxtaposes the recent work of Peter Brook with a Bristol-based mental health service user collective – Stepping Out Theatre Company.
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Morberg, Jämterud Sofia. "Human Dignity : A Study in Medical Ethics." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-300409.
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Human dignity is an enunciated ethical principle in many societies, and it has elicited a great deal of interest, not least because it is central in health care. However, it has also been the subject of criticism. Some have argued that it is sufficient to rely on a principle of autonomy, and that dignity is a redundant principle or concept in health care. Other discussions have focused on the precise meaning of dignity, and how a principle of dignity should be interpreted and applied. This dissertation discusses questions on the principle of dignity and the meaning of the concept. In addition to a theoretical analysis of these questions, a qualitative research study has been carried out, based on interviews with physicians in palliative and neonatal care, and hospital chaplains, looking at dignity at the beginning and end of life. This dissertation can be categorised as empirical ethics because of its methodological approach. Based on a narrative analysis of the interviews, the results from the study shed light on the theoretical discussion on dignity. Through the history of ideas, dignity has often been linked to human abilities such as autonomy and rationality. However, autonomy is only one of the aspects which emerged from the qualitative research in this dissertation. Other aspects introduced into the discussion on dignity include human vulnerability, interdependence and the responsibility to face vulnerability in others. Some theoretical perspectives on dignity are criticised in the light of the empirical results. Furthermore, the dissertation includes a theological perspective where a Christological view – connected to Bakhtin’s ethics of responsibility – forms a critique to both the Kantian deontological perspective and dignity acquired by virtue. The dissertation also considers how the results can be applied to medical practice.
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Di, Teodoro Martina <1982>. "Il ruolo della Narrative in Medical Ethics, Medical Practice e Medical Education. Elementi di ricerca." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5037/1/Di_Teodoro_Martina_tesi.pdf.
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La mia tesi di dottorato ha ad oggetto lo studio e l’analisi del ruolo della Narrative all’interno di tre ambiti, quali Medical Ethics, Clinical Practice e Medical Education. La tesi è strutturata in 4 capitoli: i primi tre vanno a comporre la parte teorica mentre nel quarto capitolo viene riportata una ricerca sul campo da me svolta negli Stati Uniti. Nel primo capitolo, analizzo il ruolo della narrative all’interno della Medical Ethics specificando che cosa si intenda con etica narrativa, quali sono le motivazione alla base del suo sviluppo e chi sono i suoi principali esponenti. In questo capitolo, inoltre, esamino i problemi che l’etica narrativa solleva suggerendo un nuovo modo in cui essa si integra alla riflessione bioetica. Il secondo capitolo è dedicato al contributo della narrative nella Medical Practice investigando sia le modalità attraverso le quali il paziente può avvalersi della narrazione per analizzare la sua esperienza di malattia sia la cosiddetta Medicina Narrativa. Il terzo capitolo è dedicato all'analisi delle Medical Humanities, ossia di quelle discipline che all’interno della Medical Education si stanno rivelando strumenti efficaci per una formazione più equilibrata e completa dei professionisti della salute. Il quarto capitolo, invece, è dedicato alla descrizione di una ricerca svolta presso l’University of California – Irvine . Durante questa esperienza ho frequentato i corsi del Program in Medical Humanities and Arts diretto dalla Prof.ssa J. Shapiro, (programma in vigore da 13 anni e implementato allo scopo di migliorare alcune competenze nei futuri medici quali: l'empatia, l’altruismo, la compassione e la predisposizione alla cura verso i pazienti, oltre che per affinare le comunicazione clinica e la capacità di osservazione) e intervistato gli studenti che hanno preso parte a queste lezioni.The main goal of this Ph.D. thesis is to investigate the role of narrative within three fields of research: Medical Ethics, Medical Practice and Medical Education. The thesis is divided into four chapters: the first three are theoretical, while in the four chapter I present an empirical study which I conducted in the United States. In the first chapter, I analyze the role of narrative within the Medical Ethics: I explain what narrative ethics is, what the motivations behind its development are, and who are its main exponents. In this chapter, I also examine the problems that ethical narrative raises, suggesting a new way in which it is integrated into bioethics. The second chapter is devoted to explain how narrative contributes to Medical Practice: I investigate the ways in which the patient can use narrative to analyze both his/her experience of illness and the so-called Narrative Medicine. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of Medical Humanities: the latter is a discipline which, within the medical education, can be considered an effective tool for a more balanced and comprehensive training of healthcare professionals. The fourth and the last chapter is devoted to describe my research at the University of California – Irvine: I have attended courses at the Program in Medical Humanities and Arts headed by Prof. J. Shapiro, (this Program was implemented to enhance aspects of professionalism, such as empathy, altruism, compassion, and caring towards patients, as well as to hone clinical communication and observational skills) and interviewed the students who took part in these courses.
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Di, Teodoro Martina <1982>. "Il ruolo della Narrative in Medical Ethics, Medical Practice e Medical Education. Elementi di ricerca." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5037/.
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La mia tesi di dottorato ha ad oggetto lo studio e l’analisi del ruolo della Narrative all’interno di tre ambiti, quali Medical Ethics, Clinical Practice e Medical Education. La tesi è strutturata in 4 capitoli: i primi tre vanno a comporre la parte teorica mentre nel quarto capitolo viene riportata una ricerca sul campo da me svolta negli Stati Uniti. Nel primo capitolo, analizzo il ruolo della narrative all’interno della Medical Ethics specificando che cosa si intenda con etica narrativa, quali sono le motivazione alla base del suo sviluppo e chi sono i suoi principali esponenti. In questo capitolo, inoltre, esamino i problemi che l’etica narrativa solleva suggerendo un nuovo modo in cui essa si integra alla riflessione bioetica. Il secondo capitolo è dedicato al contributo della narrative nella Medical Practice investigando sia le modalità attraverso le quali il paziente può avvalersi della narrazione per analizzare la sua esperienza di malattia sia la cosiddetta Medicina Narrativa. Il terzo capitolo è dedicato all'analisi delle Medical Humanities, ossia di quelle discipline che all’interno della Medical Education si stanno rivelando strumenti efficaci per una formazione più equilibrata e completa dei professionisti della salute. Il quarto capitolo, invece, è dedicato alla descrizione di una ricerca svolta presso l’University of California – Irvine . Durante questa esperienza ho frequentato i corsi del Program in Medical Humanities and Arts diretto dalla Prof.ssa J. Shapiro, (programma in vigore da 13 anni e implementato allo scopo di migliorare alcune competenze nei futuri medici quali: l'empatia, l’altruismo, la compassione e la predisposizione alla cura verso i pazienti, oltre che per affinare le comunicazione clinica e la capacità di osservazione) e intervistato gli studenti che hanno preso parte a queste lezioni.The main goal of this Ph.D. thesis is to investigate the role of narrative within three fields of research: Medical Ethics, Medical Practice and Medical Education. The thesis is divided into four chapters: the first three are theoretical, while in the four chapter I present an empirical study which I conducted in the United States. In the first chapter, I analyze the role of narrative within the Medical Ethics: I explain what narrative ethics is, what the motivations behind its development are, and who are its main exponents. In this chapter, I also examine the problems that ethical narrative raises, suggesting a new way in which it is integrated into bioethics. The second chapter is devoted to explain how narrative contributes to Medical Practice: I investigate the ways in which the patient can use narrative to analyze both his/her experience of illness and the so-called Narrative Medicine. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of Medical Humanities: the latter is a discipline which, within the medical education, can be considered an effective tool for a more balanced and comprehensive training of healthcare professionals. The fourth and the last chapter is devoted to describe my research at the University of California – Irvine: I have attended courses at the Program in Medical Humanities and Arts headed by Prof. J. Shapiro, (this Program was implemented to enhance aspects of professionalism, such as empathy, altruism, compassion, and caring towards patients, as well as to hone clinical communication and observational skills) and interviewed the students who took part in these courses.
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Doerle, Samuel Michael. "Military Medical Ethics: Intersections of Virtue and Duty." NEOMED College of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ne2gs1619696140569755.
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Gaie, J. B. R. "The ethics of medical involvement in capital punishment." Thesis, University of Essex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310086.
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Dickenson, Donna. "Moral luck in medical ethics and practical politics." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329198.
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Kruger, Mariana. "Ethics education in a problem-based medical curriculum." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50339.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The complex ethical dilemmas created by advanced technological medicine and problematic doctor-patient relationships have lead to an increasing interest in medical ethics education since the 1980's. The Medical School of the University of Pretoria has embarked on a new undergraduate medical curriculum in 1997. Ethics is educated in a longitudinal fashion over the six years of the medical curriculum and has focussed largely on the principal-based approach as described by Beauchamp and Childress. The research participants were the first final year class of this new curriculum, while the facilitators were medical educators or philosophers. The major finding was that the students were not yet able to identify ethical dilemmas with ease, although they were successful in the application of the principal-based approach to the vignettes of the study. The students did not cope well with the uncertainty created by ethical dilemmas and sought to solve the situation by creating boundaries provided by medical law. Therecommendations of the study are that the theoretical component of the ethics curriculum should: 1) include more approaches to ethics, than only the principal-based approach; 2) address daily experienced ethical dilemmas during the study years in small group discussions; 3) and implement a portfolio assessment which can serve as a tool for students to track their own development in reflection on ethical dilemmas. In conclusion, the question remains whether we are currently ready to come ""face to face" with the "other" as Levinas argues or are we still divided into "only two classes of mankind in the world - doctors and patients" as remarked by Kipling in the 19th century.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die komplekse etiese dilemmas, veroorsaak deur hoogs gespesialiseerde tegnologiese medisyne en die problematiese dokter-pasiënt verhouding, het gelei tot 'n verhoogde belangstelling in mediese etiekonderrig sedert die 1980's. Die Mediese Skool van die Universiteit van Pretoria het in 1997 'n nuwe voorgraadse mediese kurrikulum geïmplimenteer. Etiek is op 'n longitudinale manier onderrig oor ses jaar in die mediese kurrikulum en het gefokus op die beginsel-benadering soos beskryf deur Beauchamp en Childress. Die navorsingsdeelnemers was die eerste finale-jaar klas van die nuwe kurrikulum, terwyl die fasiliteerders mediese dosente of filosowe was. Die hoofbevinding van die kurrikulum was dat die studente nie die etiese dilemmas met gemak kon identifiseer nie, alhowel hulle suksesvol die beginsel-benadering kon toepas op die gevallestudies. Die studente hanteer nie onsekerheid, veroorsaak deur die etiese dilemmas, met gemak nie en probeer om die saak op te los deur die skep van grense verskaf deur mediese reg. Die aanbevelings van die studie is dat die teoretiese komponent van die etiekkurrikulum die volgende moet bevat: 1) bekendstelling aan meerdere benaderings tot die etiek, bo en behalwe die beginsel-gebaseerde benadering; 2) aanspreek van die daaglikse etiese dilemmas gedurende die studiejare in kleingroepbesprekings; 3) en die implementering van 'n portfolio-evaluasie, wat kan dien as 'n instrument vir die studente om hul eie ontwikkeling aangaande nadenke oor etiese dilemmas na te gaan. Opsommend, die vraag is steeds of ons tans gereed is om "aangesig-tot-aangesig" te verkeer met die "ander" soos Levinas redeneer of is ons steeds verdeel in "slegs twee klasse van menswees in die wêreld - dokters en pasiënte" soos opgemerk deur Kipling in die 19deeeu.
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Likens, Ann P. "The law and ethics of advance medical directives." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Thor, Danielle Claire. "Ethics in Emergency Medical Services: A Contextual Analysis." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/592304.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
The modern concept of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) has grown from its humble volunteerism origins to a multidisciplinary enterprise, outstretched into the realms of both healthcare and public service. As the American EMS community continues to assume greater responsibilities and further develop its professional standards, the moral foundations of this field open themselves to more thorough scrutiny. Upon examination, the major deficit in the ethical structuring of EMS becomes glaringly obvious: it exists as a piecemeal collection of its medical and militaristic counterparts unified by theoretical generalizations that avoid its inherently unique structure. If EMS wishes to matriculate into complete professionalism, or even continue its assumption of critical responsibilities surrounding the health and safety of others, then it must also develop and maintain its own individual ethical framework from which it operates. In doing so, an urban bioethical approach rooted in context-driven analysis and pragmatic solutions may provide the best guidance and protections for all those who interact with the EMS system while respecting the values of this distinctively prideful service.
Temple University--Theses
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Habecker, Harold B. "Teaching clinical medical students and residents biblical foundations for decision-making in medical ethics." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Bouhaimed, Manal Mansour. "Medical ethics : a study of moral developments in medical students at Kuwait University." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1976/.
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There are few in depth attempts to address the question: why teach ethics to medical students? This thesis argues that, identifying moral growth and development as the primary goal in teaching medical ethics is essential. Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development theory is the starting point for this research. This is important to understand the work of the researcher at the Medial School in Kuwait. The instrument used in assessing the moral reasoning of medical students at Kuwait University is the Defining Issues Test (DIT), which was devised at the University of Minnesota. The study hypothesis is that the rigid, authoritarian medical education in Kuwait University that lacks any emphasis on medical ethics will inhibit the expected growth in moral development of medical students. With a disappointing response rate of only 27.8%, it was found that normally expected growth did not occur in the first four years of medical education, suggesting that the educational experience somehow inhibited student's moral reasoning ability rather than facilitating it. The results of this study cannot be understood in isolation from the general understanding of the fabric of the researcher society, which was detailed in Chapter Five. The implication of this study is basically that medical education that ignores the moral nature of medicine will fail its own purpose, the needs of its students and the welfare of society.
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Morrice, Andrew Alexander George. "'Honour and interests' : medical ethics in Britain and the work of the British Medical Association's Central Ethical Committee, 1902-1939." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391665.
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Titus, Phyllis May. "Medical schemes fraud : ethical investigation of medical practitioners as stakeholders." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020899.
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A mere 16 percent of the population enjoys the benefits of private healthcare; medical schemes however remain an important contributor to the South African economy with an annual contribution flow of close to R85 billion per annum. Similar to the international scenario, South African healthcare inflation surpassed consumer price inflation. In addition, the medical schemes industry remains riddled with fraud, this coupled with escalating private healthcare costs remain subsequent threats to the sustainability of the industry. It is reported that service provider fraud has surpassed fraud committed by scheme members. Most medical schemes appear to have policies in place to manage and combat fraud, however transparency in terms of information sharing remains elusive. Of greater concern have been the investigation and management ethicality and endgame of medical schemes in terms of fraud risk management amongst medical practitioners. The research problem states that there is currently no standard fraud investigation and management protocol available for the ethical investigation and management of medical schemes fraud committed by medical practitioners. The literature review demonstrated that there has been a paradigm shift regarding the expectations that society has of the modern corporation and emphasised the inclusive stakeholder model theory in favour of the traditional shareholder dictum: pursuit of profit maximisation at any cost. The research design was done by providing a survey questionnaire to private medical practitioners. The literature review and survey findings highlighted the need for medical schemes to pay greater heed to their ethicality and stakeholder issue management practices. Focus areas for the development of an industry standard fraud investigation and management protocol was recommended.
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Burnett, Todd. "The role of psychologists on healthcare ethics committees." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Hoeyer, Klaus. "Biobanks and informed consent : An anthropological contribution to medical ethics." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-358.
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Background: 1985 saw the beginnings of a population-based biobank in Västerbotten County, Sweden. In 1999, a start-up genomics company, UmanGenomics, obtained ‘all commercial rights’ to the biobank. The company introduced an ethics policy, which was well received in prestigious journals, focusing on public oversight and informed consent. Aims: To explore how social anthropology can aid understanding of the challenges posed by the new role of the biobank in Västerbotten, and thus complement more established traditions in the field of medical ethics. An anthropological study of the ethics policy was executed. Theoretical perspective: Inspired by the anthropology of policy and social science perspectives on ethics and morality, the policy was studied at three analytical levels: policymakers (who formulate the policy), policy workers (who implement the policy, primarily nurses who obtain informed consent) and target group (for whom and on whom the policy is supposed to work: the potential donors to the biobank). Methods: Policymakers, nurses, and potential donors were interviewed, donations observed, and official documents analysed to mirror the moral problematizations made at the three levels in each other and to study the practical implications of the policy. To extend the reliability of the findings two surveys were executed: one among the general population, one among donors. Results: The qualitative studies show that policymakers distinguish between blood and data differently to potential donors. Informed consent seems more important to policymakers than potential donors, who are more concerned about political implications at a societal level. Among the respondents from the survey in the general public, a majority (66.8%) accepted surrogate decisions by Research Ethics Committees; a minority (4 %) stated informed consent as a principal concern; and genetic research based on biobank material was generally accepted (71%). Among the respondents to the survey in donors, 65% knew they had consented to donate a blood sample, and 32% knew they could withdraw their consent; 6% were dissatisfied with the information they had received; and 85% accepted surrogate decisions by Research Ethics Committees. Discussion: The ethics policy constitutes a particular naming and framing of moral problems in biobank-based research which overemphasises the need for informed consent, and underemphasises other concerns of potential donors. This embodies a political transformation where access to stored blood and medical information is negotiated in ethical terms, while it also has unacknowledged political implications. In particular, the relations between authorities and citizens in the Swedish welfare state are apparently transforming: from mutual obligation to individual contracts. Conclusion: Anthropology contributes to medical ethics with increased awareness of the practical implications of particular research ethical initiatives. This awareness promotes appreciation of the political implications of ethics policies and raises new issues for further consideration.
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Hoeyer, Klaus Lindgaard. "Biobanks and informed consent : an anthropological contribution to medical ethics /." Umeå : Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-358.
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Linden, David Edmund Johannes. "Medicine and morality in the ancient world : an analysis of Galen's medical and philosophical writings." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:986686c2-8397-43ae-9b61-44ffdf85770a.
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The great power of the medical profession over the lives of men entails a wealth of moral problems in medical practice and lends particular importance to questions of the responsibility of the physician. We investigate the solutions offered by Galen, the most prolific medical author of classical Antiquity, in his medical and philosophical writings. Issues of ethics and moral psychology are discussed in numerous passages of Galen's works, and he even devoted a number of treatises exclusively to ethics. The main results of our analysis of these treatises and passages can be summarized as follows. Starting with his interpretation of a prominent Hippocratic maxim, we discuss possible motivations for Galen's re-definition of the relationship between physician and patient. For Galen, it was the physician, not the patient, who led the fight against the disease. This prominent position of the Galenic physician entailed particular obligations and responsibilities. But Galen also took the view that certain responsibilities resided with the patient, particularly that of selecting the right physician and keeping the prescribed diets. Moreover Galen thought that everybody ought to pursue the systematic liberation of the soul from passions and errors, guided by his ethical methodology. Galen gave disciplined care for one's health and acquisition of medical knowledge the status of moral duties for every educated person. For physicians, he provided a wealth of additional principles and rules of conduct, covering areas as diverse as experimentation with drugs, surgical risks, promulgation of knowledge on poisons, remuneration and other social impacts of medicine, and medical education, all of them inspired by respect for the health of man, the animal who topped the teleological hierarchy of creation, and medicine, the art whose task it was to preserve and restore man's health. Galen held medicine in exceptionally high esteem, even by the standards of physicians. His view of medicine as the divine art kat 'exochen is considered in the context of his high valuation of human life and health. Health assumed a high rank in the hierarchy of goods, for it provided the basis for all the other goods and virtues. For Galen, preservation and restoration of health could be attained only on the basis of a sound scientific methodology. He was reluctant to apply criteria external to medicine proper to its practice, and mostly judged the morality of medical activities by the adherence to the principles of a well-founded therapy and avoidance of undue harm.
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Halpin, Ross William. "A history of concern: The ethical dilemma of using Nazi medical research data in contemporary medical and scientific research." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4010.
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Halpin, Ross William. "A history of concern the ethical dilemma of using Nazi medical research data in contemporary medical and scientific research /." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4010.
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Esser, Jan Hendrik. "Who cares? : moral reflections on business in healthcare." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52612.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This evaluation serves the purpose of illuminating concepts and ideas behind the moral impact of business values in healthcare and to establish a framework for the analysis of moral dilemmas found in the sphere ofbio-medical ethics. The historic developments of business in healthcare are examined, looking at how and why business became an integral part of the health care system. The concept of "managed healthcare" is introduced and used as the context in which the different institutional role-players are brought together. Managed healthcare is defined by a discussion of the different organisational structures through which it manifests itself. The policies, procedures and regulations that managed healthcare organisations implement and control to fulfil their general function are also examined. Some normative aspects pertaining to the concept of managed health care are explored, including the institutional values of business and that of medicine. A brief discussion of the economic system in which the business agents or role players function are included in the evaluation of the institutional values of business. Further arguments are made to show how the healthcare system with all its role players displays the characteristics of a complex system. Discussions on the fundamental values of medicine concentrate on the basic ideas behind virtues and principles of medical ethics. It is argued that the development of these virtues and principles are important foundations on which the medical profession stands. The moral impact of combining these institutional values within the context of managed healthcare relationships is examined and some important moral dilemmas or conflicts are identified. It is further argued that the fundamental relationships between all the role players in the health care system have changed as all the agents function within a complex system, giving rise to new organisational structures and relationships, with new conceptual roles, ideals, values and practices.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie evaluasie het dit ten doelom sekere konsepte en idees agter die morele impak van besigheidswaardes in gesondheidsorg te illumineer en om 'n raamwerk daar te stel vir die verdere analise van morele dilemmas in die sfeer van bio-mediese etiek. Die historiese ontwikkeling van besigheid in gesondheidsorg word verken deur die redes aan te voer waarom besigheid deel van die gesondheidsorgsisteem geword het. Die konsep "bestuurde gesondheidsorg" word gebruik as die konteks waarin die verskillende institusionele rolspelers bymekaar gebring word. Bestuurde gesondheidsorg word gedefinieer deur die verskillende organisatoriese strukture waardeur dit manifesteer. Die prosedures, regulasies en bereid wat bestuurde gesondheidsorgorganisasies implementeer om hul funksies te vervul word ook verken. Normatiewe aspekte van bestuurde gesondheidsorg word verken, waarby ingesluit word die institusionele waardes van besigheid sowel as dié van medisyne. 'n Kort beskrywing van die ekonomiese sisteem waarin die besigheidsagente, of rolspelers funksioneer word ingesluit by die evaluasie van die institusionele waardes van besigheid. Verdere argumente word gevoer om te wys daarop hoe die gesondheidsorgsisteem met al sy rolspelers die karakter toon van 'n komplekse sisteem. Die basiese idees agter deugsaamheid en morele beginsels van bio-mediese etiek word bespreek om die fundamentele waardes van medisyne te beskryf. Daar word geargumenteer dat die ontwikkeling van hierdie waardes 'n belangrike fondament is waarop die mediese professie staan. Die morele impak van die kombinasie tussen die institusionele waardes van besigheid en medisyne binne die konteks van bestuurde gesondheidsorg word geevalueer en belanrike morele dilemmas en konflikte word geidentifiseer. Verder word geargumenteer dat die fundamenrele verhouding tussen al die rol spelers in die gesondheidsisteem verander het danksy die funksionering van die agente binne hierdie komplekse sisteem. Dit lei op sy beurt na veranderinge in organisatoriese strukture en verhoudinge met nuwe konsepsuele rolle, idiale, waardes en praktyke.
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Haddad, Lisa, and Sharon Bigger. "Radiology Nursing Ethics and Moral Distress." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8511.
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Ethics in health care is a topic that has been around since ancient times. It was the basis for the Hippocratic Oath. With the development of modern nursing and specialties in nursing, ethics in nursing becomes an important topic for consideration. This article gives an overview of the history of ethics, with particular considerations to nursing ethics. It provides an overview of moral distress within nursing and how ethical decisions affect care. It also provides examples of ethics within radiology nursing.
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Oh, Kirsten S. "The new ethics and its implications for the character and role of nursing." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Then, Shih-Ning. "Regenerative tissue transplantation from children: legal protection, medical ethics and practice." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12845.
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This thesis examines the position of children who donate regenerative tissue to potentially save the life of another. The great good that can come about through their participation is at the cost of the donor child undergoing physically invasive and unnecessary medical procedures. The non-therapeutic element of a child’s involvement brings about legal and ethical issues that are the subject of this thesis. The central aim of this thesis is to determine if Australian child donors are treated appropriately and are sufficiently protected in acting as tissue donors, and whether a new regulatory response is needed for their benefit. The research engages with the ethical literature and legal analysis, and complements these theoretical perspectives with a qualitative analysis of interviews with medical professionals who are experienced in dealing with child donors. This research demonstrates that domestic regulation – in the form of law and professional guidelines – has had little influence on how donor children are treated in clinical practice. Until recently, the practical safeguards offered to protect donor children from physical and psychological harm also varied between hospitals and were often limited in nature. However, there has been a recent trend towards improved, standardised care for Australian donor children due, primarily, to a desire to conform to international accreditation standards. Two conclusions are reached: first, donor children have, to date, not been sufficiently protected – either theoretically in law or practically through consistent national treatment; and, second, existing domestic regulation has failed to effectively regulate this area. I recommend implementing a new domestic regulatory response to benefit Australian donor children. There is a need to provide donor children with more attention, to listen to them more and for them to be consistently treated around the country. To achieve this, engagement with the medical profession is essential.
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Hunstorfer, Karl. "Ärztliches Ethos : Technikbewältigung in der modernen Medizin? /." Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015437972&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Kuehne, Jan (Jan Cavan). "The impact of materialistic monism and suffering on medical students :a critique of the biomedical and biopsychosocial model of medical schools." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18209.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: On entry to medical school, students are confronted with a worldview that can be typified as materialistic monism. The student progressively becomes a materialistic monist, not only because of the teaching, but also because medical schools fail to address the question of suffering. One would expect the biopsychosocial model to surmount the limitations of the biomedical model, but it in itself has to deal with both suffering and materialistic monism. Suffering cements the collapse into materialistic monism in the way the student practises medicine. What life strategies would transcend this materialistic monism? This thesis examines potential educational interventions that might help the student to analyse the philosophy of medical school and find ways of dealing with the question of suffering.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met toelating tot mediese skool word studente gekonfronteer met ’n wêreldsiening wat as materialistiese monisme beskryf kan word. Die student verander progressief in ’n materialistiese monis, nie slegs as gevolg van die onderrig nie, maar ook omdat mediese skole nie daarin slaag om die kwessie van lyding aan te spreek nie. ’n Mens sou verwag dat die biopsigies-sosiale model die beperkinge van die biomediese model sou oorkom, maar instede moet dit self beide lyding en materialistiese monisme aanspreek. Lyding moedig die verval in materialistiese monisme in die wyse waarop die student geneeskunde beoefen aan. Watter soort lewensstrategieë is nodig om hierdie materialistiese monisme te transendeer? Hierdie tesis ondersoek die opvoedkundige intervensies wat die student kan help om die mediese skool se filosofie te analiseer en wyses te vind om die kwessie van lyding te hanteer.
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Edwards, Kelly Alison. "Teaching for professional responsibility in medical practice /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7649.
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Van, Niekerk Marilu. "Die kompleksiteit van menswees in geneeskunde : 'n krities-filosofiese ondersoek." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86505.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The dehumanising of human beings which often underpins western medicine lead to this study. Moreover a predominant mechanistic and reductionist view of a human being necessitated a philosophical investigation to revisit the stance. It is argued that western medicine is based upon uncritical assumptions about humans as a result of the dualism and mechanistic views of Descartes. The philosophy of Merleau-Ponty transcended dualism by his emphasis on the bodylines of a human being situated in his life world. Complexity thinking concurs with the above-mentioned view, however, takes the argument further by focusing on the importance of continuous interactions and relations between the whole and the parts. Interdependent aspects of our being in the world constitute our humanness, such as our human relations between family members, friends, that which we experience, ponder, feel, and believe. Our unique experience of disease often goes hand in hand with a deep-seated sub-conscious longing for meaning. According to complexity theory being ill is not a static condition, but rather an imbalance as a result of various dynamic interactions between many spheres of human life. Multiple causality due to various dynamic interactions and self-organisation should replace simplistic views of mechanical cause and effect in this regard. Medical training models should not employ reductionism as if humans are machines comprising of separate body parts. An organic view of the uniqueness of each evolving human being should replace obsolete reductionist and mechanistic views of healing.The essence of being human is embedded in a tapestry of dynamic relations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die dehumanisering van die mens in hedendaagse westerse geneeskunde het aanleiding gegee tot hierdie studie. Verder het die meganistiese, reduksionistiese mensbeeld ‘n filosofiese herbesinning genoodsaak. Daar word geargumenteer dat westerse geneeskunde gebaseer is op onkritiese aannames afkomstig van onder andere Descartes se dualistiese antropologie en die meganistiese siening van die mens. Merleau-Ponty se wysgerige antropologie het die dualisme getransendeer deur sy filosofie van die mens as liggaamlikheid gesitueerd in sy leefwêreld. Kompleksiteitsdenke stem hiermee ooreen, maar voer die argument verder in die opsig dat dit die belangrikheid van relasies en voortdurende wisselwerking tussen die geheel en dele beklemtoon. Interafhanklike aspekte van dit wat ons mens maak, ontstaan as gevolg van relasies tussen ons leefwêreld, ons familie, vriende, tussen dit waaraan ons dink, wat ons voel, ervaar en glo. Ons siekte ervaring gaan meestal gepaard met ‘n diepgewortelde voorbewustelike soeke na sin en betekenis. Die kompleksiteitsperspektief beskou siekwees nie as ‘n statiese toestand wat teenoor gesondwees staan nie, maar eerder ‘n wanbalans in dinamiese interaksies van verskeie sfere van menswees. Enkelvoudige kousaal-meganiese oorsaak en gevolg moet plek maak vir veelvuldige kousaliteit wat geleë is in talle dinamiese interaksies en selforganisering. Mediese opleidingsmodelle behoort die mens nie te objektiveer tot aparte organe, soos die van ‘n masjien nie. Die verontmensliking van die masjien gedrewe model van genesing behoort plek te maak vir ‘n meer organiese siening van die mens wat rekening hou met die unieke menslikheid van die mens. Menslikheid impliseer ‘n tapisserie van relasies.
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Pang, Mei-che. "From virtue to value : nursing ethics in modern China /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21021429.
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Frye, John William III. "Legalized Assisted Dying in America:Improving on the Oregon Mode with Lessons from Other Countries." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1504297754801944.
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Qualtere-Burcher, Paul. "The just distance : a new biomedical principle /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/8687.
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Mendizabal, Adys. "RACIAL CONCORDANCE, AUTONOMY, AND JUSTICE: EVIDENCE FOR THE ETHICAL NEED OF DIVERSITY IN MEDICINE." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/376895.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
Racial and ethnic minorities in the United States experience health disparities and poor health outcomes at a disproportionate rate in comparison to other groups. One of the many social determinants of health that contributes to these poor health outcomes is mistrust in the medical community. Mistrust is a consequence of a too-long history of unethical experimentation in African American and Latino communities, and has resulted in decreased use of preventive services and screening tools, lack of adherence to medical treatments, and minimal participation in clinical trials. These patterns of minimal utilization of healthcare services have resulted in poor outcomes for numerous health conditions, poor understanding of different diseases and their impact on minority groups, as well as a lack of evidence-based treatments which will benefit these populations. The purpose of this thesis is first to address the historical origins and contemporary consequences of mistrust in medicine within the African American and Latino communities. Second, I address the ameliorating impact that patient-physician racial and language concordance has on both trust and clinical outcomes. Throughout, I reference the ethical principles which warrant the need for greater patient-physician race and language concordance, and I present pipeline programs as a tool to increase the diversity in the medical field, all with the ultimate goal of improving health outcomes in the African American and Latino community.
Temple University--Theses
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Vassor, Valerie Elizabeth. "MORE THAN A SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH: INCARCERATION AS A NEGATIVE HEALTH OUTCOME." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/389420.
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Urban BioethicsM.A.
The Healthy People 2020 initiative recognizes how the physical, emotional and mental toll of incarceration causes poorer health outcomes because of the health risks and exposures individuals face in the prison environment. However, incarceration in the urban setting is more than the social determinant of health. The social, political, and economic consequences of mass incarceration have disproportionately affected urban communities. By reviewing the research on the health and socio-economic status of incarcerated population prior, during and after imprisonment, I make the argument that prisoners have a predisposition to be incarcerated due the negative social determinants of health present in their natal neighborhoods. I illustrate how the evolution of mass incarceration is in part due to the United States (US) government imprisonment of many non-violent offenders by criminalizing drug abuse in part due to racial discrimination towards men of color, primarily African-American men. I examine how drug abuse as a mental illness has been disregarded by the US Criminal Justice System, and how racism has contributed to this factor. Furthermore, as the drugs policies have disproportionately affected these communities, additional consideration should be given to how the criminalization and demonization of drug abuse and addiction has impinged on the bioethical rights of the members of urban communities. I explain how mass incarceration in the urban setting violates each bioethical principle and how the racial disparities in mass incarceration is a reflection and is an extension of the problems of racism inherent to the US. Ultimately, I conclude that any new legislation passed to end mass incarceration should include policies that help to rehabilitate and to rebuild lives of those affected most by mass incarceration.
Temple University--Theses
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Gracyk, Tatiana Athena. "A Structured Principlist Framework for Decision Making in Healthcare." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1587048784866015.
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Krauss, Edward L. "A study of bioethics for Christian students at a secular university." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.
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Taylor, Maggie S. "Too Close to the Knives| Children's Rights, Parental Authority, and Best Interests in the Context of Elective Pediatric Surgeries." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1588855.
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This thesis paper defends a novel conception of the child's best interest in regard to elective pediatric surgeries (EPS). First, children's capacity for decision-making is examined, and the best decision-making model for EPS is identified as the Best Interest Standard. What follows is a discussion of the interests of children in EPS, the correlation of fundamental interests to rights, and guidelines for weighing children's competing interests. Next, the role of families is considered, especially the rights and duties of parents. Finally, a reinterpretation of the Best Interest Standard is proposed, identifying as paramount a child's ability to make elective medical decisions for herself when she reaches maturity.
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Pathmathasan, Cynthia. "DISABILITY IN MEDICAL EDUCATION & TRAINING: A DISABILITY-FOCUSED MEDICAL CURRICULUM." NEOMED College of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ne2gs1622810204171811.
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Tamin, Jacques. "The doctor-patient relationship, confidentiality and consent in occupational medicine : ethics and ethical guidance." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-doctorpatient-relationship-confidentiality-and-consent-in-occupational-medicine-ethics-and-ethical-guidance(586107a4-ffe5-40be-ad19-acb9d329d732).html.
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This thesis seeks to examine the ethical basis for occupational medicine, as it is practised in the United Kingdom (UK). There is empirical evidence of occupational physicians being confused with regard to confidentiality and consent, and variations in their practice. It is argued that the ethical guidance from the General Medical Council and the Faculty of Occupational Medicine on these matters, contributes significantly to such confusion. The doctor-patient relationship, consent for disclosure of a medical report, and medical confidentiality, all in the context of occupational medicine practice, are explored. These issues are addressed in the core part of this thesis in the form of the three published papers. In the first paper, the doctor-patient relationship in occupational medical practice is reviewed, and it becomes apparent that in the UK, the occupational physician carries out different roles and functions, ranging from duties that mirror those of a therapeutic encounter, to those that require the occupational physician to be completely independent for the purposes of a particular type of assessment (for ill-health retirement). The former is compatible with the assumption of a fiduciary relationship between doctor and patient, whereas in the latter situation, it would be incongruous to expect the doctor to be independent and owe the patient a “duty of undivided loyalty” simultaneously. In the second paper, consent for disclosure of information, in particular a medical report, is distinguished from the “informed consent” for treatment or interventional research, and the phrase “permission to disclose” is proposed for the disclosure situations. Although this distinction may not have much significance in therapeutic practice, the output of virtually all occupational physician activities results in the writing of a report, so this difference between the two “consents” has greater relevance. The third paper reviews the ethical, and in particular, legal basis for medical confidentiality with reference to an independently commissioned report. In such a situation, UK courts have been consistent in stating that disclosure of such a report to the commissioning party does not breach confidentiality, and no further consent for such disclosure is required. This conflicts with ethical guidance to occupational physicians on this matter. Such conflict between the law and ethical guidance are a further, and important, source of ethical confusion for occupational physicians. Indeed, a common theme through the three papers is that ethical guidance to occupational physicians is in parts either incongruent, incoherent, or conceptually flawed. This may not be surprising, as current ethical guidance is predicated on a doctor-patient relationship that exists in the usual setting for most doctor-patient encounters, that is, the therapeutic setting. It seems unreasonable to expect that simply transposing such an ethical paradigm into a different setting, with dissimilar roles and obligations, could work in a seamless manner. The occupational physicians’ ethical confusion thus reflects the confusion in their ethical guidance.
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Porter, Russell Dean. "A Typology of Ethics Education in Healthcare." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4579/.
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This study is a qualitative analysis of the author's previous publications, academic and operational practitioners input, the literature, and accreditation requirements for ethics education in healthcare. Two research questions were addressed: 1. Is a typology of ethics education in healthcare needed, and 2. Is more specificity of ethics education in healthcare required? Both research questions were answered in the affirmative. The results indicated that a typology of ethics education in healthcare is needed with the primary reason being the need for a focused manuscript that uses content validity to illustrate the hierarchy of ethical reasoning in healthcare. No one manuscript brings together the six ethics education domains that were identified as required for appropriate ethics education in healthcare. The second research question result indicated that there are sparse educational objectives available in the context of cognitive and affective educational domains, especially for the six ethics domains presented here: 1. Decision ethics, 2. Professional ethics, 3. Clinical ethics, 4. Business ethics, 5. Organizational ethics, and 6. Social ethics. Due to the limited specificity of the ethics education objectives identified in the literature, the author developed and presented a typology, beginning with 270 ethics educational objectives, for use in healthcare instruction. A discussion is provided on how healthcare can be improved by including more specific ethics education objectives within healthcare programs. Further recommendations include the creation of a taxonomy based on the typology developed here.
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Brown, Nancy Claire. "The uncertain best interests of premature neonates, an exploration of medical ethics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62698.pdf.
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Dyer, Sarah Elizabeth. "Applying bioethics : local research ethics committees and their regulation of medical research." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/applying-bioethics--local-research-ethics-committees-and-their-regulation-of-medical-research(c0840da4-23fb-49a1-a712-eb2a0d5a08ac).html.
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