Academic literature on the topic 'Medical ethics Victoria'
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Journal articles on the topic "Medical ethics Victoria"
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Zhou, Wenyu, Anthony Lin Zhang, Brian H. May, Vivian K. Lin, Anne-Louise Carlton, and Charlie Changli Xue. "The Victorian experience of transitional registration for Chinese Medicine practitioners and its implications for national registration." Australian Health Review 36, no. 1 (2012): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09861.
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Background. Statutory registration of Chinese Medicine (CM) practitioners was introduced in Victoria in 2000. The application assessment process for those who were granted registration during the transitional period (2002–04) was resource intensive, as little was known about their age, education, practice and language proficiency. This study offers insights that may be useful for the planning of national registration to commence in 2012. Methods. Data were extracted from registration application forms submitted to the Chinese Medicine Registration Board of Victoria (CMRB) between 2002 and 2004, using pre-defined data collection forms. Results. In 2006, 639 ‘grandparented’ Victorian CM practitioners had been registered, with a median age of 44 years old (range 23–86). There was a higher proportion of younger female, English-speaking, acupuncturists v. a higher proportion of older male, non-English-speaking, Chinese herbalists. There were few CM practitioners in rural areas, particularly herbalists. More than one-third of practitioners had obtained qualifications overseas and almost half of these practitioners provided no evidence of past study in professional issues and medical ethics. Conclusions. Ageing, diversity in qualifications and training, English proficiency, and level of study in professional issues and medical ethics represent major challenges for the implementation of CM national registration in 2012. What is known about the topic? Statutory registration of Chinese Medicine (CM) practitioners was introduced in the state of Victoria in 2000. The process of registering practitioners during the transitional period was resource intensive, because of the diverse background of the workforce. In May 2009, Health Ministers of all States and Territories and the Commonwealth agreed to include the CM profession, from 1 July 2012, in the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme for the health professions. What does this paper add? This paper, based on data from the registration application forms submitted to the Chinese Medicine Registration Board of Victoria (CMRB) between 2002 and 2004, provides a demographic and geographic profile of the 639 Victorian CM practitioners grandparented under the transitional arrangements of the Chinese Medicine Registration Act 2000. This study offers insights that may be useful for the planning of national registration for the Chinese Medicine profession. What are the implications for practitioners? With the introduction of national registration for the CM profession, this study provides critical data for developing effective strategies to implement the grandparenting process in all states and territories in Australia. Particularly, data collected in this study will help to deal with assessing knowledge in ethics and the healthcare system, biomedical sciences and language proficiency as part of the assessment process for a substantial number of applicants during the national registration of CM practitioners.
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Gilbert, Julia, and Jane Boag. "‘To die, to sleep’ – assisted dying legislation in Victoria: A case study." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 7-8 (November 19, 2018): 1976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018806339.
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Background: Assisted dying remains an emotive topic globally with a number of countries initiating legislation to allow individuals access to assisted dying measures. Victoria will become the first Australian state in over 13 years to pass Assisted Dying Legislation, set to come into effect in 2019. Objectives: This article sought to evaluate the impact of Victorian Assisted Dying Legislation via narrative view and case study presentation. Research design: Narrative review and case study. Participants and research context: case study. Ethical considerations: This legislation will provide eligible Victorian residents with the option to request access to assisted dying measures as a viable alternative to a potentially painful, protracted death. Findings: This legislation, while conservative and inclusive of many safeguards at present, will form the basis for further discussion and debate on assisted dying across Australia in time to come. Discussion: The passing of this legislation by the Victorian parliament was prolonged, emotive and divided not only the parliament but Australian society. Conclusion: Many advocates for this legislation proclaimed it was well overdue and will finally meet the needs of contemporary society. Protagonists claim that medical treatment should not provide a means of ending life, despite palliative care reportedly often failing to relieve the pain and suffering of individuals living with a terminal illness.
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Watson, Lyndsey F., Jo-Anne Rayner, and Judith M. Lumley. "Hospital ethics approval for a population-based case–control study of very preterm birth." Australian Health Review 31, no. 4 (2007): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah070514.
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Aim: To describe the process involved in obtaining ethics approval for a study aiming to recruit women from all maternity hospitals in Victoria, Australia. Design: Observational data of the application process involving 85 hospitals throughout Victoria in 2001. Results: Twenty-three of the 85 hospitals had a Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) constituted in accordance with the National Health and Medical Council requirements; 27 agreed to accept decisions from other hospitals having HRECs and 27 relied on ethics advisory committees, hospital managers, clinical staff, quality assurance committees or lawyers for ethics decisions. Four of the latter did not approve the study. Eight hospitals no longer provided maternity services in the recruitment period. The process took 16 months, 26 000 sheets of paper, 258 copies of the application and the cost was about $30 000. Approval was eventually obtained for recruitment at 73 hospitals. Discussion: Difficulties exist in obtaining timely ethics approval for multicentre studies due to a complex uncoordinated system. All hospitals should have explicit protocols for dealing with research ethics applications so that they can be processed in a straightforward and timely manner. To facilitate this, those without properly constituted HRECs should be affiliated with one hospital that has an HREC.
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Boyle, Malcolm J., M. ClinEpi, Erin C. Smith, and Frank L. Archer. "Trauma Incidents Attended by Emergency Medical Services in Victoria, Australia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 1 (February 2008): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00005501.
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AbstractIntroduction:International literature describing the profile of trauma patients attended by a statewide emergency medical services (EMS) system is lacking. Most literature is limited to descriptions of trauma responses for a single emergency medical service, or to patients transported to a specific Level-1 trauma hospital. There is no Victorian or Australian literature describing the type of trauma patients transported by a state emergency medical service.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to define a profile of all trauma incidents attended by statewide EMS.Methods:A retrospective cohort study of all patient care records (PCR) for trauma responses attended by Victorian Ambulance Services for 2002 was conducted. Criteria for trauma categories were defined previously, and data were extracted from the PCRs and entered into a secure data repository for descriptive analysis to determine the trauma profile. Ethics committee approval was obtained.Results:There were 53,039 trauma incidents attended by emergency ambulances during the 12-month period. Of these, 1,566 patients were in physiological distress, 11,086 had a significant pattern of injury, and a further 8,931 had an identifiable mechanism of injury. The profile includes minor trauma (n = 9,342), standing falls (n = 20,511), no patient transported (n = 3,687), and deceased patients (n = 459).Conclusions:This is a unique analysis of prehospital trauma. It provides a baseline dataset that may be utilized in future studies of prehospital trauma care. Additionally, this dataset identifies a ten-fold difference in major trauma between the prehospital and the hospital assessments.
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Canaway, Rachel, Khic-Houy Prang, Marie Bismark, David Dunt, and Margaret Kelaher. "Public disclosure of hospital clinicians' performance data: insights from medical directors." Australian Health Review 44, no. 2 (2020): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah18128.
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Objective This study gathered information from public hospital chief medical officers to better understand underlying mechanisms through which public reporting affects institutional behavioural change and decision making towards quality improvement. Methods This qualitative study used thematic analysis of 17 semistructured, in-depth interviews among a peak group of medical directors representing 26 health services in Victoria, Australia. Results The medical directors indicated a high level of in-principle support for public reporting of identifiable, individual clinician-level data. However, they also described varying conceptual understanding of what public reporting of performance data is. Overall, they considered public reporting of individual clinicians’ performance data a means to improve health care quality, increase transparency and inform consumer healthcare decision making. Most identified caveats that would need to be met before such data should be publicly released, in particular the need to resolve issues around data quality and timeliness, context and interpretation and ethics. Acknowledgement of the public’s right to access individual clinician-level data was at odds with some medical directors’ belief that such reporting may diminish trust between clinicians and their employers, thus eroding rather than motivating quality improvement. Conclusions Public reporting of identifiable individual healthcare clinicians’ performance data is an issue that merits robust research and debate given the effects such reporting may have on doctors and on hospital quality and safety. What is known about the topic? The public reporting of individual clinician-level data is a mechanism used in some countries, but not in Australia, for increasing health care transparency and quality. Clinician-level public reporting of doctors’ performance attracts contention and debate in Australia. What does this paper add? This paper informs debate around the public reporting of individual clinician-level performance data. Among a discrete cohort of senior hospital administrators in Victoria, Australia, there was strong in-principle support for such public reporting as a means to improve hospital quality and safety. What are the implications for practitioners? Before public reporting of individual clinician performance data could occur in Australia, resolution of issues would be required relating to legality and ethics, data context and interpretation, data quality and timeliness.
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Hilliard, Marie T. "Military Medical Ethics: Issues Involving Dual Loyalties reported by Neil E. Weisfeld, Victoria D. Weisfeld, and Catharyn T. Liverman." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 10, no. 3 (2010): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq201010343.
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Neil, D. A., C. A. J. Coady, J. Thompson, and H. Kuhse. "End-of-life decisions in medical practice: a survey of doctors in Victoria (Australia)." Journal of Medical Ethics 33, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2006.017137.
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Curtis, Kate, Margaret Fry, Sarah Kourouche, Belinda Kennedy, Julie Considine, Hatem Alkhouri, Mary Lam, et al. "Implementation evaluation of an evidence-based emergency nursing framework (HIRAID): study protocol for a step-wedge randomised control trial." BMJ Open 13, no. 1 (January 2023): e067022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067022.
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IntroductionPoor patient assessment results in undetected clinical deterioration. Yet, there is no standardised assessment framework for >29 000 Australian emergency nurses. To reduce clinical variation and increase safety and quality of initial emergency nursing care, the evidence-based emergency nursing framework HIRAID (History, Identify Red flags, Assessment, Interventions, Diagnostics, communication and reassessment) was developed and piloted. This paper presents the rationale and protocol for a multicentre clinical trial of HIRAID.Methods and analysisUsing an effectiveness-implementation hybrid design, the study incorporates a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial of HIRAID at 31 emergency departments (EDs) in New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland. The primary outcomes are incidence of inpatient deterioration related to ED care, time to analgesia, patient satisfaction and medical satisfaction with nursing clinical handover (effectiveness). Strategies that optimise HIRAID uptake (implementation) and implementation fidelity will be determined to assess if HIRAID was implemented as intended at all sites.Ethics and disseminationEthics has been approved for NSW sites through Greater Western Human Research Ethics Committee (2020/ETH02164), and for Victoria and Queensland sites through Royal Brisbane & Woman’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (2021/QRBW/80026). The final phase of the study will integrate the findings in a toolkit for national rollout. A dissemination, communications (variety of platforms) and upscaling strategy will be designed and actioned with the organisations that influence state and national level health policy and emergency nurse education, including the Australian Commission for Quality and Safety in Health Care. Scaling up of findings could be achieved by embedding HIRAID into national transition to nursing programmes, ‘business as usual’ ED training schedules and university curricula.Trial registration numberACTRN12621001456842.
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Cheong, Jeanie L. Y., John D. Wark, Michael M. Cheung, Louis Irving, Alice C. Burnett, Katherine J. Lee, Suzanne M. Garland, et al. "Impact of extreme prematurity or extreme low birth weight on young adult health and well-being: the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study (VICS) 1991–1992 Longitudinal Cohort study protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e030345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030345.
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IntroductionInfants born extremely preterm (EP, <28 weeks’ gestation) or with extremely low birth weight (ELBW,<1000 g) in the era when surfactant has been available clinically are at high risk of health and developmental problems in childhood and adolescence. However, how their health and well-being may be affected in adulthood is not well known. This study aims to compare between EP/ELBW and normal birthweight (NBW) controls: (1) physical health, mental health and socioemotional functioning at 25 years of age and (2) trajectories of these outcomes from childhood to adulthood. In addition, this study aims to identify risk factors in pregnancy, infancy, childhood and adolescence for poor physical health and well-being in EP/ELBW young adults.Methods and analysisThe Victorian Infant Collaborative Study (VICS) is a prospective geographical cohort of all EP/ELBW survivors to 18 years of age born in the State of Victoria, Australia, from 1 January 1991 to 31 December 1992 (n=297) and contemporaneous term-born/NBW controls (n=262). Participants were recruited at birth and followed up at 2, 5, 8 and 18 years. This 25-year follow-up includes assessments of physical health (cardiovascular, respiratory and musculoskeletal), mental health and socioemotional functioning. Outcomes will be compared between the birth groups using linear and logistic regression, fitted using generalised estimating equations (GEEs). Trajectories of health outcomes from early childhood will be compared between the birth groups using linear mixed-effects models. Risk factors for adult outcomes will be assessed using linear and logistic regression (fitted using GEEs).Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committees of the Royal Women’s Hospital, Mercy Hospital for Women, Monash Medical Centre and the Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne. Study outcomes will be disseminated through conference presentations, peer-reviewed publications, the internet and social media.
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Kennedy, Michelle, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Raglan Maddox, Catherine Chamberlain, Sian Maidment, Peter O'Mara, Cathy Segan, et al. "Koori Quit Pack mailout smoking cessation support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke: a feasibility study protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (October 2022): e065316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065316.
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IntroductionSmoking remains the leading preventable cause of death for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke are more likely to make a quit attempt than their non-Aboriginal counterparts but less likely to sustain the quit attempt. There is little available evidence specifically for and by Indigenous peoples to inform best practice smoking cessation care.The provision of a free Koori Quit Pack with optional nicotine replacement therapy sent by mail may be a feasible, acceptable and effective way to access stop smoking support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.Methods and analysisAn Aboriginal-led, multisite non-randomised single-group, pre–post feasibility study across three states in Australia will be conducted. Participants will be recruited via service-targeted social media advertising and during usual care at their Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services. Through a process of self-referral, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke daily will complete a survey and receive mailout smoking cessation support. Data will be collected over the phone by an Aboriginal Research Assistant. This pilot study will inform the development of a larger, powered trial.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council Ethics Committee of New South Wales (NSW) (#1894/21) and the University of Newcastle (#H-2022-0174). Findings will be reported through peer-reviewed journals and presentations at relevant local, national and international conferences. The findings will be shared with the NSW and Victoria Quitline, Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council and Victorian Aboriginal Community Controlled Organisation and the National Heart Foundation.Trial registration numberACTRN12622000654752.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Medical ethics Victoria"
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Griffiths, Debra. "Agreeing on a way forward: management of patient refusal of treatment decisions in Victorian hospitals." Thesis, full-text, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/2036/.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate and develop a substantive theory, of the processes adopted by nurses and medical practitioners when patients with serious illness refuse medical treatment. The study seeks to identify the main constraints confronting nurses and medical practitioners and to explain the key factors that moderate the processes of dealing with refusal decisions. Using a grounded theory method, a sample of 18 nurses and 6 medical practitioners from two public hospitals in Melbourne were interviewed. In addition, observations and documentary evidence were utilised.
The basic social psychological problem shared by nurses and medical practitioners is conceptualized as Competing Perspectives: Encountering Refusal of Treatment, which reflects the diverse perceptions and beliefs that confront participants when patients decide to forgo therapy. In utilizing the grounded theory method of analysis, it is recognised that participants deal with this problem through a basic social psychological process conceptualized as Endeavouring to Understand Refusal: Agreeing on a Way Forward. This core variable represents the manner in which
participants, to varying extents, deal with the situations they face and it incorporates the various influences which moderate their activities. Endeavouring to Understand
Refusal: Agreeing on a Way Forward comprises a series of three transitions. The first involves a struggle for participants to come to terms with, or even recognize that
patients are rejecting treatment. The second transition illustrates the varied responses of participants as they interact with patients, relatives and each other, in order to clarify and validate decisions made during episodes of care. The third transition reflects the degree to which patients and family members are incorporated into
treatment decisions, and highlights a shift in emphasis, from a focus on the disease state, to the patient as a person with individualistic thoughts and wishes.
The remaining social processes evident in the study consist of four categories. The first, Seeking Clarification, embodies exploration undertaken by participants and
their recognition that treatment is actually being refused. The second category, Responding to Patients and Families, demonstrates the level of expertise of participants communicating, and their ability to encourage reciprocity in the professional-patient relationship. The third category, Advocating, highlights the extent and manner in which patient and family wishes are promoted to members of
the treating team. The fourth category, Influencing, reveals the ability of participants to utilize a degree of authority or power in order to shape particular outcomes.
The findings also indicate that over arching the core variable and categories are various contextual determinants that moderate the way nurses and medical practitioners deal with patient refusal of treatment. These determinants are
categorized into three main influences: The Context of Work, describes the of the environment and organisational factors pertinent to public hospitals; Beliefs and
Behaviours, illustrates the perceptions of, and values held, by four key groups involved in decisions, namely, nurses, medical practitioners, patients, and family
members; and Legal and Ethical Frameworks, examines the existing principles that support or guide professional practice in situations where patients with serious
illness refuse medical treatment.
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Kondrlik, Kristin E. "(Re)Writing Professional Ethos: Women Physicians and the Construction of Medical Authority in Victorian and Edwardian Print Culture." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459462312.
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Achee, Ashley. "A Deconstruction of the Effects of Race, Gender, and Class in the Nineteenth Century British Asylum Complex." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/889.
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This thesis will explore the intersectional construction of the British asylum network in the nineteenth century. It will look at gender, race, and class as factors in the diagnostic process, in addition to the confinement and treatment of the insane.
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"How Factors like 1800’s Gender Expectations, Misconceptions, and Moral Traditions Shaped US Women’s Reproductive Medical Care." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53929.
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abstract: In the last 200 years, advancements in science and technology have made understanding female sexual function and the female body more feasible; however, many women throughout the US still lack fundamental understanding of the reproductive system in the twenty-first century. Many factors contribute to the lack of knowledge and misconceptions that women still have. Discussing sexual health tends to make some people uncomfortable and this study aims to investigate what aspects of somewhat recent US history in women’s health care may have led to that discomfort. This thesis examines the question: what are some of the factors that shaped women’s reproductive medicine in the US from the mid 1800s and throughout the 1900s and what influence could the past have had on how women and their physicians understand female sexuality in medicine and how physicians diagnose their female patients in the twenty-first century. A literature review of primary source medical texts written at the end of the 1800s provides insight about patterns among physicians at the time and their medical practice with female patients. Factors like gendered expectations in medical practice, misconceptions about the female body and behaviors, and issues of morality in sex medicine all contributed to women lacking understanding of sex female reproductive functions. Other factors like a physician’s role throughout history and non-medical reproductive health providers and solutions likely also influenced the reproductive medicine women received. Examining the patterns of the past provides some insight into some of the outdated and gendered practices still exhibited in healthcare. Expanding sexual education programs, encouraging discussion about sex and reproductive health, and checking gendered implicit bias in reproductive healthcare could help eliminate echoes of hysteria ideology in the twenty-first century medicine.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Biology 2019
Books on the topic "Medical ethics Victoria"
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1946-, Chakraborty Ranajit, and Szathmary Emöke J. E, eds. Diseases of complex etiology in small populations: Ethnic differences and research approaches : proceedings of a Symposium on Genetic Epidemiology in an Anthropological Context, held in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, August 18 and 19, 1983. New York: Liss, 1985.
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Schaffer, Talia. Communities of Care. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691199634.001.0001.
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This book explores Victorian fictional representations of care communities, small voluntary groups that coalesce around someone in need. Drawing lessons from Victorian sociality, the book proposes a theory of communal care and a mode of critical reading centered on an ethics of care. In the Victorian era, medical science offered little hope for cure of illness or disability, and chronic invalidism and lengthy convalescences were common. Small communities might gather around afflicted individuals to minister to their needs and palliate their suffering. The book examines these groups in the novels of Jane Austen, Charlotte Brontë, Charles Dickens, George Eliot, Henry James, and Charlotte Yonge, and studies the relationships that they exemplify. How do carers become part of the community? How do they negotiate status? How do caring emotions develop? And what does it mean to think of care as an activity rather than a feeling? Contrasting the Victorian emphasis on community and social structure with modern individualism and interiority, the book takes us closer to the worldview from which these novels emerged. It also considers the ways in which these models of carework could inform and improve practice in criticism, in teaching, and in our daily lives. Through the lens of care, the book discovers a vital form of communal relationship in the Victorian novel. It also demonstrates that literary criticism done well is the best care that scholars can give to texts.
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Gaskell, Elizabeth, and Sally Shuttleworth. North and South. Edited by Angus Easson. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199537006.001.0001.
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`She tried to settle that most difficult problem for women, how much was to be utterly merged in obedience to authority, and how much might be set apart for freedom in working.’ North and South is a novel about rebellion. Moving from the industrial riots of discontented millworkers through to the unsought passions of a middle-class woman, and from religious crises of conscience to the ethics of naval mutiny, it poses fundamental questions about the nature of social authority and obedience. Through the story of Margaret Hale, the middle-class southerner who moves to the northern industrial town of Milton, Gaskell skilfully explores issues of class and gender in the conflict between Margaret’s ready sympathy with the workers and her growing attraction to the charismatic mill ownder, John Thornton. This new revised and expanded edition sets the novel in the context of Victorian social and medical debate.
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Rohlfing-Dijoux, Stephanie, and Uwe Hellmann, eds. Perspectives of law and culture on the end-of-life legislations in France, Germany, India, Italy and United Kingdom. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845296777.
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The interactions between law and culture in addressing the legal problems at the end of a life are currently being discussed in many countries. The discourse on this issue should be multidisciplinary, taking into account its legal, medical, ethical, philosophical and anthropological aspects. The concepts designed to manage the legal problems that occur when a life comes to an end are closely linked to the culture of each country. For this reason, countries with different cultural backgrounds have been selected for this comparative end-of-life study. In France, Germany and Italy, which have a continental legal system, the United Kingdom, which has a common law system, and India, the various religions and cultures exert an important influence on the modernisation of the legislation in this respect. The book deals with recent legislative changes and developments in the countries surveyed. With contributions by Soazick Kerneis, Guillaume Le Blanc, Jeanne Mesmin d’Estienne, Louis-Charles Viossat, Christophe Pacific, Volker Lipp, Christine Laquitaine, Philippe Poulain, Stephanie Rohlfing-Dijoux, Stefano Canestrari, Kartina A. Choong, Richard Law, Sabine Boussard, Prasannanshu Prasannanshu, Pierre Rosario Domingue, Arvin Halkhoree, Kerstin Peglow, Jörg Luther, Uwe Hellmann, Géraldine Demme, Sabir Kadel, Anja van Bernum, Marie Rossier, Victoria Roux, Charles Walleit, Berquis Bestvater
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Turner, Alicia, Laurence Cox, and Brian Bocking. The Irish Buddhist. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190073084.001.0001.
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The Irish Buddhist tells the story of a poor Irishman who worked his way across America as a migrant worker, became one of the very first Western Buddhist monks, and traveled the length and breadth of Asia, from Burma and present-day Thailand to China and Japan, and from India and Sri Lanka to Singapore and Australia. Defying racial boundaries, he scandalized the colonial establishment of the 1900s. As a Buddhist monk, he energetically challenged the values and power of the British empire. U Dhammaloka was a radical celebrity who rallied Buddhists across Asia, set up schools, and argued down Christian missionaries—often using Western atheist arguments. He was tried for sedition, tracked by police and intelligence services, and “died” at least twice. His early years and final days are shrouded in mystery, despite his adept use of mass media. His story illuminates the forgotten margins and interstices of imperial power, the complexities of class, ethnicity, and religious belonging in colonial Asia, and the fluidity of identity in the high Victorian period. Too often, the story of the pan-Asian Buddhist revival movement and Buddhism’s remaking as a world religion has been told “from above,” highlighting scholarly writers, middle-class reformers, and ecclesiastical hierarchies. By contrast, Dhammaloka’s adventures “from below” highlight the changing and contested meanings of Buddhism in colonial Asia. They offer a window into the worlds of ethnic minorities and diasporas, transnational networks, poor whites, and social movements, all developing different visions of Buddhist and post-imperial modernities.
Book chapters on the topic "Medical ethics Victoria"
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Bobzien, Susanne. "Found in Translation." In Determinism, Freedom, and Moral Responsibility, 93–127. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866732.003.0005.
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This chapter researches the reception of the crucial sentence in Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics 3.5, 1113b7–8 about that which is up to us (eph’hēmin), the philosophical significance of which is the topic of the previous chapter. This sentence has markedly shaped both scholarly and general opinion with regard to Aristotle’s theory of free will. In addition, it has taken on a curious life of its own. Part One of the chapter examines the text itself. Part Two explores its reception from antiquity to the present day, including present-day popular culture, later ancient, Byzantine, Arabic, Latin Medieval, Renaissance, Victorian, and contemporary scholarship, and how it influenced the interpretation of Aristotle’s view on free will. There are some surprises on the way. (The paper also serves as an introduction to the reception of the Nicomachean Ethics from its beginnings to the present.)
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Peter J., Katz. "Symbolic Bodies: The Storyteller, Memory and Suffering in Boz’s ‘The Hospital Patient’." In Reading Bodies in Victorian Fiction, 54–84. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474476201.003.0003.
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This chapter poses the foundational ethical questions of the text: how are readers meant to understand and respond to fictional bodies’ pain – and what are they meant to do in response? To answer these questions, the chapter turns to the short story ‘The Hospital Patient’ by Charles Dickens. According to Dickens, to best understand and empathise with the anguish of those who suffer, one must read with the scientific and literary attention that turns stories into material experience. ‘Boz’, Dickens’s pen-name, appears in the text as both storyteller and Associationist scientist, but both positions require him to act on feeling. The story itself becomes a model for readers, to teach them to read empathetically – because he believes feeling is the source of literary authority. The chapter uses the physical phenomenon of light to explore memory as James Mill understood it, and memory’s connection to sympathy through Smith and Hume. These concepts help to contextualise what empathy means within medical history and the emergence of social barriers like professional, governmentally regulated medicine. Ultimately, the chapter argues that empathy best takes place in readers who read fictional bodies as surfaces.
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Valdez, Jessica R. "Arrested Development: Characterisation, the Newspaper and Anthony Trollope." In Plotting the News in the Victorian Novel, 59–92. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474474344.003.0003.
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Anthony Trollope famously envisioned novel writing as a way to participate in British politics, yet his novels are curiously empty of writers--other than his rascally journalists. This chapter argues that Trollope’s novels caricature journalists and newspapers and, in doing so, flatten out the British news system. In drawing a stylistic and literal contrast between the novel and the newspaper, Trollope develops a novelistic poetics more generous than the stark absolutes and fake news of his fictionalised newspapers. His reductive treatment of journalism stands in blatant opposition to the care with which he fictionalises the world of British parliament and cultivates rounded liberal characters, such as Phineas Finn and Plantagenet Palliser. Not only does his method in representing journalists mimic the strategies of the newspaper editors themselves, it also conveys the distortion Trollope perceives in their representative methods and their construction of a national reading public. Trollope’s emphasis on fictional narrative becomes an important counterweight to the series of disconnected and decontextualised outrages published by his fictional journalists. In drawing this distinction, Trollope invites his readers to think analytically about the way that they relate to and absorb the news. Trollope’s novels imitate and rework journalistic writing practices to theorise the ethical and political effects of formal choices on public discourse. Trollope, in a sense, is an early media theorist thinking through the contrasting systems of reality offered by newspapers and novels.
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McDevitt, Michael. "Social Drama at Macro and Micro Levels." In Where Ideas Go to Die, 86–105. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190869953.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 applies social drama—adapted from the anthropology of Victor Turner—to portray media ritual in punishment of an intellectual breach. The transgression occurred when Ward Churchill, a University of Colorado scholar of ethnic studies, hammered out an essay in response to the suicidal/homicidal attacks of September 11, 2001. Churchill plowed through consequences of US involvement in various regions of the globe, dismissing with contempt the notion that Americans could have been surprised by payback. Analysis of the media frenzy uncovers a fractal-like structure, such that ritualistic punishment as a cultural response is anticipated in the first wave of news text. Exposure of the macro-micro constitution, in turn, leads to a discussion as to whether journalism’s performance is best understood as culturally conscripted or opportunistic. The former is the more benign interpretation. In the latter scenario, a predatory press elevates its cultural status at intellect’s expense.